English meanings: C, page 4 of 6
1,719 English headings, pointing to 3,281 Karachay meanings. The complete definition is shown so near-synonyms and distinct senses stay visible.
come into bud 3
- tomalırğa
- swell, bud out, come into bud
- badırarğa
- open out, come into bud, unfold
- çirçiklenirge
- bud, come into bud, put out shoots
come into contact 1
- tiyişirge
- touch one another, come into contact
come into fashion 1
- kirirge
- to come into fashion, to become customary
come into flower 2
- çağarğa
- to blossom, to come into flower, to put out buds
- güllenirge
- bloom, come into flower
come into leaf 1
- kögerirge
- turn green, come into leaf, green over with grass
come into season 1
- aylanırğa
- to be in heat, to come into season (of female animals)
come into the world 1
- jaratılırğa
- to be born, to come into the world
come into view 1
- urunurğa
- be visible, come into view, catch the eye
come loose 2
- ıçhınırğa
- come untied, come loose, come unhooked, work free
- boşlanırğa
- relax, go slack, come loose, come undone
come now 2
come of age 1
- örelenirge
- grow up, come of age
come off 2
come off it 1
- keterge
- come on, come off it, drop it
come off shift 1
- almaşırğa
- change over, be relieved, come off shift
come on 15
- arı
- come on, go on
- çe
- come on, hurry
- ha
- hey, come on, ah, aha
- hayda
- come on, let's go, hurry up, get moving
- hayt
- come on, a call to greater effort or courage
- hı
- come on; go ahead; well
- je
- come on, come now, hurry up
- keterge
- come on, come off it, drop it
- marja
- please, come on
- munu
- come on, go on (after a command)
- oğay
- now then, come on
- qayda
- come on!, come now!
- te
- come on, hurry, quick
- tutarğa
- to come on, strike suddenly
- jür
- come on!, let's go!, off we go!
come open 1
- açılırğa
- to open, to be opened, to come open
come out 4
come out in large numbers 1
- qotarılırğa
- come out in large numbers, appear thickly across the sky
come out in spots 2
come out of 1
- çığarğa
- to come out of, to be got from, to be produced from
come out on top 1
- qabarğa
- to win, to beat, to come out on top
come out with something 1
- silderge
- to come out with something, to blurt out
come over 2
come right 1
- tüzelirge
- to go well, to work out, to come right
come round 2
come someone's way 1
- tejelirge
- fall to someone's lot, come someone's way
come to 2
come to a halt 1
- tohtarğa
- to stop, to come to a halt
come to a standstill 3
come to a stop 1
- tıyılırğa
- be held back, be restrained, stop, come to a stop
come to an agreement 1
- tilleşirge
- come to an agreement, agree, arrange together, speak with one voice
come to an end 3
- boşalırğa
- be completed, come to an end, draw to a close
- tawusulurğa
- come to an end, run out, be used up
- üzülürge
- to cease, to break off, to come to an end
come to an understanding 2
- tillenirge
- come to an understanding, come to terms, find common ground
- aŋılaşırğa
- understand one another, come to an understanding
come to believe 1
- tüşünürge
- become convinced, come to believe
come to blows 8
- sermeşirge
- fight, do battle, come to blows
- tutuşurğa
- fight, come to blows
- tüyüşürge
- fight, brawl, come to blows
- jağalaşırğa
- grab each other by the collar, fight, scuffle, come to blows
- öreleşirge
- to fly at one another, to come to blows, to square up in a quarrel
- qağışırğa
- come to blows, fight, quarrel, clash with one another
- iyleşirge
- pummel each other, tussle, come to blows
- salışırğa
- come to blows, fight, grapple
come to grief 2
come to its prime 1
- qızğan
- come to its prime, ready
come to life 2
- tirilirge
- come to life, be resurrected, rise from the dead
- janlanırğa
- come to life, revive, fill with life and movement
come to light 7
- açılırğa
- to come to light, to be revealed, to become apparent
- açıqlanırğa
- become clear, come to light, be explained
- aŋılaşınırğa
- be cleared up, be clarified, come to light
- bilinirge
- to become known, to be found out, to come to light
- belgilenirge
- become evident, come to light, become known
- sezilirge
- come to light, be found out
- ayğaqlanırğa
- come to light, be revealed, be discovered, be established
come to maturity 1
- qatarğa
- to ripen, to come to maturity
come to nothing 2
- çırmalırğa
- be held up, be delayed, be hindered, go wrong, come to nothing
- oyulurğa
- fall through, come to nothing, go wrong
come to one's senses 4
- esgerirge
- to come to one's senses, to come round, to pull oneself together
- oylaşırğa
- have second thoughts, think better of it, come to one's senses, repent
- uyanırğa
- to come round, to come to one's senses, to pull oneself together
- oylanırğa
- think better of it, change one's mind, come to one's senses, repent
come to oneself again after losing consciousness 1
- ayazırğa
- to come to oneself again after losing consciousness
come to pass 1
- bolunurğa
- be brought about, be done, come about, come to pass
come to realize 1
- tüşünürge
- understand, grasp, come to realize
come to rest 1
- tohtaşırğa
- stop, come to rest, halt somewhere
come to terms 4
- jaraşırğa
- to come to terms, to reach agreement
- tohtaşırğa
- agree, come to terms, settle between themselves
- tillenirge
- come to an understanding, come to terms, find common ground
- tohtaşdırırğa
- agree on, come to terms about
come to understand 1
- açılırğa
- to have one's eyes opened, to come to understand
come together 6
come true 2
come undone 6
- çaçılırğa
- to unwind, to unravel, to come undone
- tozurarğa
- to become tousled, to come undone, to fray
- boşlanırğa
- relax, go slack, come loose, come undone
- sedirerge
- unravel, come undone, unwind, ladder
- sögülürge
- be unwound, unravel, come undone
- teşilirge
- be taken off, come undone, be untied, be unfastened
come unhooked 1
- ıçhınırğa
- come untied, come loose, come unhooked, work free
come unstitched 1
- sögülürge
- come unstitched, be unpicked, come apart at the seam
come unstuck 2
- qobarğa
- to peel off, to flake, to come away, to come unstuck
- qobarılırğa
- to be peeled off, to be prised off, to be chipped off, to come unstuck
come untied 1
- ıçhınırğa
- come untied, come loose, come unhooked, work free
come up 5
come up against 2
come up to 1
- kelirge
- to reach, to come up to, to extend to
comedy 1
- komediya
- comedy, a dramatic work written to amuse
comeliness 1
- çıray
- good looks, comeliness, attractive appearance
comfort 7
comfortable 3
comfortably 3
comic 1
- küldürüwçü
- one who makes someone laugh, a comic, a joker
comic folk dance 1
- sandıraq
- old comic folk dance of the Karachays and Balkars
comical 1
- külkülü
- funny, amusing, comical
comically 1
- külkülü
- amusingly, comically, in a funny way
coming 6
coming apart at the seam 1
- sögülüw
- coming unstitched, coming apart at the seam
coming back 1
- qaytıw
- return, returning, coming back
coming down 2
coming face to face 1
- betleşiw
- coming face to face, face-to-face meeting, confrontation
coming into being 1
- quralışıw
- formation, coming into being, taking shape
coming into the open 1
- körünüw
- coming into the open, becoming apparent, manifestation
coming loose 1
- ıçhınıw
- coming loose, breaking free
coming of age 1
- aqıl-balıq
- maturity, majority, coming of age
coming off 1
- üzülüw
- coming off, snapping, breaking away, tearing off
coming to an agreement 1
- tilleşiw
- agreement, arrangement, coming to an agreement
coming to an end 2
coming to blows 1
- qağışıw
- coming to blows, a fight, a clash, a skirmish
coming to life 1
- tiriliw
- coming to life, reviving, resurrection
coming to light 3
- belgileniw
- coming to light, disclosure
- ayğaqlanıw
- coming to light, disclosure, exposure
- bayamlanıw
- becoming known, coming to light
coming to terms 1
- aŋılaşıw
- agreement, coming to terms
coming together 2
coming unstitched 1
- sögülüw
- coming unstitched, coming apart at the seam
coming up against 1
- tireliw
- coming up against, running into, bumping against
comma 1
- bölgüç
- comma
command 4
- buyruq
- order, command, decree, directive, instruction
- buyururğa
- to order, to command, to instruct
- komanda
- a command, a short spoken order
- komandirlik
- command, the post and the duties of a commander
commandant 1
- komendant
- commandant, military commander of a garrison or town
commandant's office 1
- komendatura
- a commandant's office, the military authority governing a place
commander 2
commander of a vessel 1
- kapitan
- captain of a ship, commander of a vessel
commandment 2
commend 1
- mahtarğa
- to praise, to commend, to speak well of
commendation 1
- mahtaw
- praise, acclaim, commendation, high esteem
commentary 2
- ayırtıw
- explanation, commentary
- kommentariy
- a commentary, an explanatory note on a text
commentator 1
- aŋılatıwçu
- one who explains, expounder, commentator
commerce 3
- satıw
- trade, commerce, buying and selling
- satıw-alıw
- trade, commerce, buying and selling
- sawda
- trade, commerce, buying and selling
commercial 1
- satıw
- commercial, trading
commercial firm 1
- kompaniya
- a commercial firm, a trading company
commissar 1
- komissar
- commissar
commission 3
commissioning 1
- işletiw
- having something built, commissioning
commit to memory 1
- eslerge
- to commit to memory, to memorize
committee 1
- komitet
- committee, an elected body
common 4
common origin 1
- qara
- of common origin, of humble social origin
common sense 1
- mıyı
- mind, reason, common sense, wits
common stork's bill 1
- turna-ot
- storksbill, common stork's bill (Erodium cicutarium), a wild herb
common use 1
- adet
- common use
commonality 1
- birlik
- unity, oneness, commonality
commotion 8
- qawğa
- commotion, uproar, tumult
- qayğı
- quarrel, brawl, commotion
- qazawat
- commotion, bustle
- dawur-süyür
- commotion, noise, clamor, din
- qalabalıq
- commotion, uproar, turmoil, panic
- dardağan
- commotion, turmoil, confusion
- punt
- commotion, uproar, row
- tawuş-tüyüş
- scuffle, fight, commotion
communal 1
- ortadağı
- common, communal, belonging to everyone
communal work day 1
- mammatlıq
- communal work day, day of unpaid collective work
commune 1
- kommuna
- a commune, a body of people who live and work with their property in common
communication line 1
- ız
- communication line, power line
communist 1
- kommunist
- communist, member of a Communist Party
- communist, communistic
Communist Party 1
- kompartiya
- the Communist Party
communistic 1
- kommunist
- communist, communistic
community 3
compact 4
companion 5
companionship 2
company 4
company of people bound together by shared interests 1
- üyür
- a company of people bound together by shared interests
comparative 1
- teŋleşdiriwçü
- comparative, comparing
compare 2
- teŋleşdirirge
- to compare, to set side by side, to liken
- kelişdirirge
- to compare, to set side by side
compare oneself with someone 1
- teŋişirge
- be equal to someone, be on a par with someone, compare oneself with someone
compared with 1
- köre
- compared with, in relation to
comparing 1
- teŋleşdiriw
- comparison, comparing
comparison 3
- teŋleşdiriw
- comparison, comparing
- comparison
- kelişdiriw
- comparison, matching up
- uşatıw
- likening of one thing to another, comparison, imitation
compartment 1
- köz
- compartment, section, room of a house
compass 1
- kompas
- a compass, an instrument showing direction by a magnetic needle
compassion 5
- mılı
- compassion, mercy
- rahmat
- mercy, compassion, loving-kindness
- jazıqsınıw
- pity, compassion, mercy
- jazıqsınmaqlıq
- pity, compassion
- marhamat
- mercy, compassion, clemency
compassionate 1
- jazıqsınŋan
- compassionate, merciful, moved to pity
compassionate person 1
- jazıqsınıwçu
- one who pities, a compassionate person
compatibility 1
- kelişiw
- harmony, correspondence, compatibility
compel 1
- zorlarğa
- force, compel, make someone do something
compelling 1
- küçlü
- expressive, compelling, forceful
compendium 1
- jıyım
- compendium, collection, code
compensation 1
- tölew
- compensation, indemnity
compere 1
- bardırğan
- host, compere, presenter
compete 5
compete at shooting 1
- atışırğa
- compete at shooting
compete at throwing 1
- atışırğa
- throw at one another, compete at throwing
compete in counting 1
- sanaşırğa
- count off, compete in counting
compete in jumping 1
- sekirişirge
- compete in jumping, hold a jumping contest
compete in verse or song 1
- aytışırğa
- compete in verse or song, compete in wit, trade improvised couplets
compete in wit 1
- aytışırğa
- compete in verse or song, compete in wit, trade improvised couplets
compete with 1
- teŋleşirge
- rival, compete with, vie
competence 1
- kesamat
- competence, skill at doing something properly
competing at playing an instrument 1
- soğuşuw
- competing at playing an instrument
competing at weaving 1
- soğuşuw
- competing at weaving
competition 4
- çariş
- race, competition, contest
- erişiw
- competition, contest
- erişmeklik
- competition, contest; rivalry
- öçeşiw
- a contest, a competition
competition in which entrants are judged against one another 1
- konkurs
- a competition in which entrants are judged against one another
competition or contest held in a field of study 1
- olimpiada
- a competition or contest held in a field of study
competitor 1
- kündeş
- rival, competitor
compile 1
- jıyışdırırğa
- assemble, put together, compile
complain 6
- sarnarğa
- to complain, to bemoan, to whine
- sınsırğa
- to snivel, to complain plaintively
- jılatırğa
- bemoan oneself, complain
- oysurarğa
- moan, whimper, whine, complain
- sıŋsırğa
- to snivel, to complain plaintively, to be on the verge of tears
- tıhsırğa
- to complain, to whine, to grumble, to murmur against something
complain about something 1
- tarığırğa
- complain about something, lament, grumble
complain to someone 1
- tarığırğa
- complain to someone, make a complaint
complainant 1
- tarığıwçu
- complainant, one who lodges a complaint
complaining 1
- tıhsıw
- complaining, grumbling, whining
complaint 1
- tarığıw
- complaint, grievance, lament
- complaint, appeal
complement 1
- tolturuwçu
- object, complement
complete 9
- bitdirirge
- finish, complete, bring to an end
- boşarğa
- to finish, to complete, to see something through
- jetdirirge
- to bring something up to a mark, to carry something through to the end, to complete
- tamam
- complete, perfect, genuine
- tamamlarğa
- finish, complete, bring to an end
- tawusurğa
- to finish, to complete, to bring to an end
- tındırırğa
- do, carry out, complete, finish
- toltururğa
- fill, fill up, fill in, fulfill, carry out, complete, replenish
- tolu
- whole, entire, complete
completed 2
- tolğan
- fulfilled, completed, elapsed, come due
- bajarılğan
- that has been carried out, completed
completely 17
- ariw
- simply, quite, completely
- bütew
- completely, entirely
- qara
- utterly, completely, altogether
- tamam
- completely, in full, to the very end
- tolu
- completely, entirely
- top
- completely, to the very brim
- tuwra
- completely, entirely
- tügel
- completely, totally
- ahırda
- completely, entirely, thoroughly
- bütewley
- entirely, wholly, completely, all of it, in full
- dıŋ
- completely, utterly, altogether
- qıp
- utterly, completely
- tolusunlay
- completely, entirely, in full
- bab
- utterly, completely
- jap
- utterly, completely
- sup
- utterly, completely
- toppa
- completely, to the very brim, teeming
completely correctly 1
- keppe-kerti
- completely correctly, exactly, truly
completely full 2
- top-tolu
- completely full, full to the brim, packed full
- toppa-tolu
- completely full, filled to the brim, overflowing
completely healthy 1
- sappa-saw
- completely healthy, perfectly well
completely new 1
- jap-jaŋı
- brand-new, completely new
completely round 1
- töp
- perfectly round, completely round
completely true 1
- keppe-kerti
- completely true, exact, authentic
completely white 1
- appaq
- completely white, snow-white
completely whole 1
- sappa-saw
- completely whole, fully intact, undamaged
completeness 1
- tamamlıq
- completeness, wholeness, finished state
completing 1
- tawusuw
- finishing, completing, bringing to an end
completion 6
complex 2
complexion 1
- qan
- color of the face, complexion
compliance 1
- jumuşaqlıq
- weakness of will, spinelessness, compliance
comply 1
- boysunurğa
- to comply with rules, to conform to regulations
component 2
compose 3
- qurarğa
- to compose, to draw up a sentence or plan
- tizerge
- to compose, to draw up, to plan
- quraşdırırğa
- compose, make up, invent
compose music 1
- jazarğa
- to compose music
composed 4
composer 1
- kompozitor
- composer, one who writes music
composing 1
- quraşdırıw
- arranging, putting together, composing
composite 1
- quram
- composite, compound, made up of parts
composition 2
composure 3
- sabırlıq
- composure, self-possession, self-control, restraint
- basım
- self-control, composure, endurance, willpower
- basımlılıq
- composure, self-possession, self-restraint, patience, equanimity
compound 2
comprehension 3
- aŋılaw
- understanding, comprehension, grasp
- tüşünüw
- understanding, comprehension, grasp
- aŋılamaqlıq
- understanding, comprehension
compulsion 4
- küç
- coercion, force, compulsion
- qamçi
- force or compulsion applied to someone
- zor
- force, violence, coercion, compulsion, oppression
- amalsızlıq
- necessity, compulsion, obligation
computing 1
- tergewçü
- counting, computing, calculating
comrade 6
comrade-in-arms 1
- nayıb
- deputy, naib, comrade-in-arms, close associate of a leader
comradeship 3
concave 1
- batıq
- dented, pressed in, concave, flattened
conceal 4
- basdırırğa
- to hide, to conceal, to bury in the ground
- buqdururğa
- conceal, keep secret, keep from others
- jaşırırğa
- hide, conceal, keep secret
- jaşındırırğa
- hide, conceal
conceal oneself 2
- buğarğa
- hide, conceal oneself, take cover
- jaşırınırğa
- hide oneself, go into hiding, conceal oneself
conceal someone 1
- buğundururğa
- hide someone, conceal someone
concealed 2
- buqdurulğan
- hidden, concealed, hidden away
- jaşırın
- secret, concealed, kept from others
concealing 1
- buqduruw
- hiding, concealing, concealment
concealing oneself 2
concealment 2
conceit 4
- bögeklik
- arrogance, haughtiness, conceit
- köten
- arrogance, conceit, self-importance
- mahtançaqlıq
- boastfulness, boasting, bragging, conceit
- men-menlik
- conceit, arrogance, self-assurance
conceited 4
conceive 1
- balalanırğa
- conceive, become pregnant
concentrated 2
concentration 1
- qalınlıq
- strength, concentration
concept 2
concern 6
concerned 1
- saq
- caring, attentive, concerned
concerning 4
concise 1
- kesgin
- concise, brief, laconic
conciseness 1
- kesginlik
- conciseness, terseness, brevity
concluding 1
- tamamlawçu
- concluding, final, decisive
conclusion 4
conclusive 1
- ahırğı
- last, final, conclusive
concord 3
- jaraşıwluq
- concord, accord, peace; harmony, getting on well with others
- kelişiw
- agreement, concord between words in a sentence
- garmoniya
- harmony, accord, concord
concrete 1
- beton
- concrete
concreteness 1
- kesginlik
- definiteness, concreteness, precision
concussion 1
- kontuziya
- concussion, an internal injury caused by a blast or a blow
condemn 3
condemnation 2
condescend 1
- tursunurğa
- deign, condescend, see fit
condescendingly 2
condition 8
- begim
- agreement, arrangement, condition
- bolum
- situation, condition, circumstances, state of affairs
- duniya
- state, condition, circumstances
- hal
- situation, state, condition, circumstances
- hali
- state, condition, situation
- şart
- condition, prerequisite, requirement, stipulation
- awhal
- state of health, how one feels, condition
- turuş
- state, condition, situation, circumstances
conditions 1
- joruq
- conditions, terms
conduct 6
conduct an investigation 1
- tinterge
- conduct an investigation, hold an inquiry
conduct of a scoundrel 1
- assılıq
- roguery, the conduct of a scoundrel
conduct oneself 3
conduct the prayer 1
- qıldırırğa
- lead the prayer, conduct the prayer
conducting 2
cone 1
- gagarak
- cone, pine cone, spruce cone
confection 1
- tatlı
- sweetmeat, confection, sweet
confer 3
- berirge
- to present, to award, to confer
- keŋeşirge
- confer, hold a discussion, deliberate together
- onowlaşırğa
- confer, consult one another, agree among themselves
conference 3
- keŋeş
- meeting, conference, session
- konferentsiya
- conference, a meeting of delegates held to discuss and decide questions
- keŋeşiw
- conference, meeting, session held to discuss something
conferring 2
confession 2
confidence 9
- iynanıw
- trust, confidence
- bazınıw
- hope, trust, confidence
- ışanıw
- trust, confidence, reliance
- ışanmaqlıq
- trust, confidence
- iynam
- trust, confidence
- iynanmaqlıq
- trust, confidence in someone
- bazıw
- hope, trust, confidence
- bazmaqlıq
- confidence, reliance
- ışanım
- trust, confidence in another person's honesty
confident 1
- bazıq
- proud, confident (figurative)
confidently 1
- akkılsız
- confidently, resolutely, without hesitation
confine 1
- atarğa
- to confine, to imprison, to lock up
confine oneself to 1
- qalırğa
- to stop at something, to confine oneself to
confinement 2
confirm 1
- begitirge
- to confirm, to substantiate, to ratify
confirmation 1
- begitiw
- confirmation, approval, substantiation
confiscate 1
- sıyırırğa
- confiscate, seize
confiscation 1
- sıyırıw
- seizure, confiscation
conflict 1
- konflikt
- conflict, clash, dispute
conform 1
- boysunurğa
- to comply with rules, to conform to regulations
confront 1
- betleşdirirge
- bring face to face, confront, arrange a face-to-face meeting
confront each other 1
- betleşirge
- come face to face, meet face to face, confront each other
confrontation 2
- betleşiw
- coming face to face, face-to-face meeting, confrontation
- betleşdiriw
- bringing two people face to face, confrontation
confuse 7
- qatışdırırğa
- muddle, confuse, make a mess of
- ajaşdırırğa
- lead astray, throw off the track, confuse
- aljatırğa
- confuse, bewilder, disorient, throw off
- boqlarğa
- tangle, confuse, muddle, spoil
- jaŋıltırğa
- lead astray, mislead, confuse, cause to make a mistake
- junçuturğa
- embarrass, disconcert, confuse, make uncomfortable
- tentiretirge
- throw someone into confusion, put someone at a loss, confuse
confuse someone with talk 1
- qaynatırğa
- to bewilder someone, to confuse someone with talk
confused 2
confusion 6
congeal 1
- uyurğa
- clot, congeal, set
congealed 1
- buzlağan
- frozen, congealed, set hard
congenital 1
- tuwma
- innate, inborn, congenital
congratulate 3
- alğışlarğa
- congratulate
- hurmetlerge
- congratulate, make a congratulatory speech
- qutlarğa
- congratulate, greet, offer good wishes to
congress 1
- kongress
- congress, large assembly, usually international
Congress 1
- kongress
- Congress, the legislature of the United States and some other countries
conjecture 1
- sezim
- understanding, hunch, conjecture
conjugate 2
conjugate a verb 1
- jegerge
- conjugate a verb
conjugating 1
- betlew
- conjugating, conjugation
conjugation 5
- jegiw
- conjugation
- betlendiriw
- conjugation, inflection of a verb for person
- betlew
- conjugating, conjugation
- jegiliw
- conjugation
- betleniw
- conjugation, being conjugated, change by person
conjunction 1
- baylaw
- conjunction, connective word
conjunctional 1
- baylamlı
- conjunctional, containing a conjunction
conjuring trick 1
- közbawluq
- conjuring trick, sleight of hand
connect 3
- baylarğa
- to link, to connect, to bind one's life or fate to someone or something
- jalğarğa
- to join, to connect, to splice, to fasten together
- baylaşdırırğa
- link together, connect, join, bring into relation
connected 2
connecting 1
- jalğawçu
- one who joins, connecting
connecting link 1
- köpür
- connecting link between people or things
connection 5
- baylamlılıq
- connection, interconnection, link, unity, inseparability
- baylamlıq
- connection, tie, contact
- baylanıw
- being tied, connection, attachment
- çot
- relations, terms, connection
- jalğaw
- joining, connection, lengthening
connections 1
- tanışlıq
- connections, pull, influence through acquaintances
connective 1
- jalğawçu
- connective, coordinating
connective word 1
- baylaw
- conjunction, connective word
conquer 2
- kirirge
- to seize, to conquer, to capture
- qurşalarğa
- to subdue, to conquer
conqueror 2
- boysunduruwçu
- one who subdues, subjugator, conqueror, enslaver
- uwuçlawçu
- invader, conqueror, one who seizes by force