awarğa
/awarʁa/
1. topple, fall over, collapse, overturn — Used of trees, buildings, carts and standing crops as well as of people.
- terek awdu — the tree fell
- geben awğandı — the haystack has toppled over
- şindikden awarğa — to fall off the chair
- jerge awarğa — to fall to the ground
- üy awarğa jetib turadı — the house is on the point of collapsing
- arba awmazça etigiz — see to it that the cart does not turn over
- awar hunağa tayanma — do not lean on a wall that is about to fall
2. cross over, pass over, get across — Said of getting over a mountain or a pass, and of the sun passing its highest point.
- tawdan awarğa — to cross over the mountain
- awuşdan awarğa — to cross over the pass
- ol tawdan awğandı — he has crossed over the mountain
- siz tawdan qaçan awduğuz? — when did you cross over the mountain?
- kün kün ortadan awğandı — the sun has passed midday
- tüşden awa — just past noon
3. lean toward, incline, side with one source
- ol da meni janıma awadı — he too inclines to my side
- men da ol janına awama — I too lean that way
- bu iş bir janına awadı — this matter is leaning one way
4. faint, lose consciousness — Said of a person falling backward in a faint. one source
- artıŋa awarğa — to fall back in a faint
- artına awdu — he fell back in a faint
- qız artına awğandı — the girl has fainted
- artına awarğa azdan qaldı — almost fell back in a faint
- qart artına awdu — the old man fell back in a faint
Expressions
- uf deseŋ awarça bolurğa — utterly frail
- awar taşha tayanma — don't trust the unreliable; don't chase the impossible
- esi awarğa — faint; captivate someone
- sen tayanŋan qaya awar — good-for-nothing
Conjugation
Common forms
- awadıhe is toppling
- awduhe toppled
- awğandıhe has toppled
- awarhe will topple
- awarıqdıhe is going to topple
- awa edihe was toppling
- awsaif he topples
- aw!topple!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menawamaI am toppling | senawasayou are toppling | olawadıhe is toppling | bizawabızwe are toppling | sizawasızyou all are toppling | alaawadılathey are toppling |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menawmaymaI am not toppling | senawmaysayou are not toppling | olawmaydıhe is not toppling | bizawmaybızwe are not toppling | sizawmaysızyou all are not toppling | alaawmaydılathey are not toppling |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menawamamı? awamıma?am I toppling? | senawamısa?are you toppling? | olawamıdı?is he toppling? | bizawabızmı? awamıbız?are we toppling? | sizawamısız?are you all toppling? | alaawamıdıla?are they toppling? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menawmaymamı? awmaymıma?aren't I toppling? | senawmaymısa?aren't you toppling? | olawmaymıdı?isn't he toppling? | bizawmaybızmı? awmaymıbız?aren't we toppling? | sizawmaymısız?aren't you all toppling? | alaawmaymıdıla?aren't they toppling? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menawwçanmaI usually topple | senawwçansayou usually topple | olawwçandıhe usually topples | bizawwçanbızwe usually topple | sizawwçansızyou all usually topple | alaawwçandılathey usually topple |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menawmawçanmaI usually don't topple | senawmawçansayou usually don't topple | olawmawçandıhe usually doesn't topple | bizawmawçanbızwe usually don't topple | sizawmawçansızyou all usually don't topple | alaawmawçandılathey usually don't topple |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menawwçanmamı? awwçanmıma?do I usually topple? | senawwçanmısa?do you usually topple? | olawwçanmıdı?does he usually topple? | bizawwçanbızmı? awwçanmıbız?do we usually topple? | sizawwçanmısız?do you all usually topple? | alaawwçanmıdıla?do they usually topple? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menawmawçanmamı? awmawçanmıma?do I usually not topple? | senawmawçanmısa?do you usually not topple? | olawmawçanmıdı?does he usually not topple? | bizawmawçanbızmı? awmawçanmıbız?do we usually not topple? | sizawmawçanmısız?do you all usually not topple? | alaawmawçanmıdıla?do they usually not topple? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olawubduhe has toppled and remains so | alaawubdulathey have toppled and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olawubmudu?has he toppled? | alaawubmudula?have they toppled? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menawub turamaI keep toppling | senawub turasayou keep toppling | olawub turadıhe keeps toppling | bizawub turabızwe keep toppling | sizawub turasızyou all keep toppling | alaawub turadılathey keep toppling |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menawub turmaymaI don't keep toppling | senawub turmaysayou don't keep toppling | olawub turmaydıhe doesn't keep toppling | bizawub turmaybızwe don't keep toppling | sizawub turmaysızyou all don't keep toppling | alaawub turmaydılathey don't keep toppling |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menawub turamamı? awub turamıma?do I keep toppling? | senawub turamısa?do you keep toppling? | olawub turamıdı?does he keep toppling? | bizawub turabızmı? awub turamıbız?do we keep toppling? | sizawub turamısız?do you all keep toppling? | alaawub turamıdıla?do they keep toppling? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menawub turmaymamı? awub turmaymıma?don't I keep toppling? | senawub turmaymısa?don't you keep toppling? | olawub turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep toppling? | bizawub turmaybızmı? awub turmaymıbız?don't we keep toppling? | sizawub turmaymısız?don't you all keep toppling? | alaawub turmaymıdıla?don't they keep toppling? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menawa turamaI am in the middle of toppling | senawa turasayou are in the middle of toppling | olawa turadıhe is in the middle of toppling | bizawa turabızwe are in the middle of toppling | sizawa turasızyou all are in the middle of toppling | alaawa turadılathey are in the middle of toppling |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menawa turmaymaI am not in the middle of toppling | senawa turmaysayou are not in the middle of toppling | olawa turmaydıhe is not in the middle of toppling | bizawa turmaybızwe are not in the middle of toppling | sizawa turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of toppling | alaawa turmaydılathey are not in the middle of toppling |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menawa turamamı? awa turamıma?am I in the middle of toppling? | senawa turamısa?are you in the middle of toppling? | olawa turamıdı?is he in the middle of toppling? | bizawa turabızmı? awa turamıbız?are we in the middle of toppling? | sizawa turamısız?are you all in the middle of toppling? | alaawa turamıdıla?are they in the middle of toppling? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menawa turmaymamı? awa turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of toppling? | senawa turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of toppling? | olawa turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of toppling? | bizawa turmaybızmı? awa turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of toppling? | sizawa turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of toppling? | alaawa turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of toppling? |
| Simple past (definite) | menawdumI toppled | senawduŋyou toppled | olawduhe toppled | bizawduqwe toppled | sizawduğuzyou all toppled | alaawdulathey toppled |
| Simple past (definite) | menawmadımI didn't topple | senawmadıŋyou didn't topple | olawmadıhe didn't topple | bizawmadıqwe didn't topple | sizawmadığızyou all didn't topple | alaawmadılathey didn't topple |
| Simple past (definite) | menawdummu?did I topple? | senawduŋmu?did you topple? | olawdumu?did he topple? | bizawduqmu?did we topple? | sizawduğuzmu?did you all topple? | alaawdulamı?did they topple? |
| Simple past (definite) | menawmadımmı?didn't I topple? | senawmadıŋmı?didn't you topple? | olawmadımı?didn't he topple? | bizawmadıqmı?didn't we topple? | sizawmadığızmı?didn't you all topple? | alaawmadılamı?didn't they topple? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menawğanmaI have toppled | senawğansayou have toppled | olawğandıhe has toppled | bizawğanbızwe have toppled | sizawğansızyou all have toppled | alaawğandılathey have toppled |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menawmağanmaI haven't toppled | senawmağansayou haven't toppled | olawmağandıhe hasn't toppled | bizawmağanbızwe haven't toppled | sizawmağansızyou all haven't toppled | alaawmağandılathey haven't toppled |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menawğanmamı? awğanmıma?have I toppled? | senawğanmısa?have you toppled? | olawğanmıdı?has he toppled? | bizawğanbızmı? awğanmıbız?have we toppled? | sizawğanmısız?have you all toppled? | alaawğanmıdıla?have they toppled? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menawmağanmamı? awmağanmıma?haven't I toppled? | senawmağanmısa?haven't you toppled? | olawmağanmıdı?hasn't he toppled? | bizawmağanbızmı? awmağanmıbız?haven't we toppled? | sizawmağanmısız?haven't you all toppled? | alaawmağanmıdıla?haven't they toppled? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menawub turdumI kept toppling | senawub turduŋyou kept toppling | olawub turduhe kept toppling | bizawub turduqwe kept toppling | sizawub turduğuzyou all kept toppling | alaawub turdulathey kept toppling |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menawub turmadımI didn't keep toppling | senawub turmadıŋyou didn't keep toppling | olawub turmadıhe didn't keep toppling | bizawub turmadıqwe didn't keep toppling | sizawub turmadığızyou all didn't keep toppling | alaawub turmadılathey didn't keep toppling |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menawarmaI will topple | senawarsayou will topple | olawarhe will topple | bizawarbızwe will topple | sizawarsızyou all will topple | alaawarlathey will topple |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menawmazmaI won't topple | senawmazsayou won't topple | olawmazhe won't topple | bizawmazbızwe won't topple | sizawmazsızyou all won't topple | alaawmazlathey won't topple |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menawarmamı? awarmıma?will I topple? | senawarmısa?will you topple? | olawarmı?will he topple? | bizawarbızmı? awarmıbız?will we topple? | sizawarmısız?will you all topple? | alaawarlamı? awarmıla?will they topple? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menawmazmamı? awmazmıma?won't I topple? | senawmazmısa?won't you topple? | olawmazmı?won't he topple? | bizawmazbızmı? awmazmıbız?won't we topple? | sizawmazmısız?won't you all topple? | alaawmazlamı? awmazmıla?won't they topple? |
| Definite future (future II) | menawarıqmaI am going to topple | senawarıqsayou are going to topple | olawarıqdıhe is going to topple | bizawarıqbızwe are going to topple | sizawarıqsızyou all are going to topple | alaawarıqdılathey are going to topple |
| Definite future (future II) | menawarıq tülmeI am not going to topple | senawarıq tülseyou are not going to topple | olawarıq tüldühe is not going to topple | bizawarıq tülbüzwe are not going to topple | sizawarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to topple | alaawarıq tüldülethey are not going to topple |
| Definite future (future II) | menawarıqmamı? awarıqmıma?am I going to topple? | senawarıqmısa?are you going to topple? | olawarıqmıdı?is he going to topple? | bizawarıqbızmı? awarıqmıbız?are we going to topple? | sizawarıqmısız?are you all going to topple? | alaawarıqmıdıla?are they going to topple? |
| Definite future (future II) | menawarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to topple? | senawarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to topple? | olawarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to topple? | bizawarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to topple? | sizawarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to topple? | alaawarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to topple? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menawğan edimawğanemI had toppled | senawğan ediŋawğaneŋyou had toppled | olawğan ediawğanedhe had toppled | bizawğan edikawğanekwe had toppled | sizawğan edigizawğanegizyou all had toppled | alaawğan edileawğanellethey had toppled |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menawmağan edimawmağanemI hadn't toppled | senawmağan ediŋawmağaneŋyou hadn't toppled | olawmağan ediawmağanedhe hadn't toppled | bizawmağan edikawmağanekwe hadn't toppled | sizawmağan edigizawmağanegizyou all hadn't toppled | alaawmağan edileawmağanellethey hadn't toppled |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menawa edimawaemI was toppling | senawa ediŋawaeŋyou were toppling | olawa ediawaedhe was toppling | bizawa edikawaekwe were toppling | sizawa edigizawaegizyou all were toppling | alaawa edileawaellethey were toppling |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menawmay edimawmayemI wasn't toppling | senawmay ediŋawmayeŋyou weren't toppling | olawmay ediawmayedhe wasn't toppling | bizawmay edikawmayekwe weren't toppling | sizawmay edigizawmayegizyou all weren't toppling | alaawmay edileawmayellethey weren't toppling |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menawwçan edimawwçanemI used to topple | senawwçan ediŋawwçaneŋyou used to topple | olawwçan ediawwçanedhe used to topple | bizawwçan edikawwçanekwe used to topple | sizawwçan edigizawwçanegizyou all used to topple | alaawwçan edileawwçanellethey used to topple |
| Habitual past (used to) | menawmawçan edimawmawçanemI didn't use to topple | senawmawçan ediŋawmawçaneŋyou didn't use to topple | olawmawçan ediawmawçanedhe didn't use to topple | bizawmawçan edikawmawçanekwe didn't use to topple | sizawmawçan edigizawmawçanegizyou all didn't use to topple | alaawmawçan edileawmawçanellethey didn't use to topple |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olawub edihe had toppled and remained so | alaawub edilethey had toppled and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olawub tül edihe hadn't toppled | alaawub tül edilethey hadn't toppled | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menawub tura edimawub turaemI had kept toppling | senawub tura ediŋawub turaeŋyou had kept toppling | olawub tura ediawub turaedhe had kept toppling | bizawub tura edikawub turaekwe had kept toppling | sizawub tura edigizawub turaegizyou all had kept toppling | alaawub tura edileawub turaellethey had kept toppling |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menawub turmay edimawub turmayemI hadn't kept toppling | senawub turmay ediŋawub turmayeŋyou hadn't kept toppling | olawub turmay ediawub turmayedhe hadn't kept toppling | bizawub turmay edikawub turmayekwe hadn't kept toppling | sizawub turmay edigizawub turmayegizyou all hadn't kept toppling | alaawub turmay edileawub turmayellethey hadn't kept toppling |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menawa tura edimawa turaemI was in the middle of toppling | senawa tura ediŋawa turaeŋyou were in the middle of toppling | olawa tura ediawa turaedhe was in the middle of toppling | bizawa tura edikawa turaekwe were in the middle of toppling | sizawa tura edigizawa turaegizyou all were in the middle of toppling | alaawa tura edileawa turaellethey were in the middle of toppling |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menawa turmay edimawa turmayemI wasn't in the middle of toppling | senawa turmay ediŋawa turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of toppling | olawa turmay ediawa turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of toppling | bizawa turmay edikawa turmayekwe weren't in the middle of toppling | sizawa turmay edigizawa turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of toppling | alaawa turmay edileawa turmayellethey weren't in the middle of toppling |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menawar edimawar emI would topple | senawar ediŋawar eŋyou would topple | olawar ediawar edhe would topple | bizawar edikawar ekwe would topple | sizawar edigizawar egizyou all would topple | alaawar edileawar ellethey would topple |
| Conditional result (would) | menawmaz edimawmaz emI wouldn't topple | senawmaz ediŋawmaz eŋyou wouldn't topple | olawmaz ediawmaz edhe wouldn't topple | bizawmaz edikawmaz ekwe wouldn't topple | sizawmaz edigizawmaz egizyou all wouldn't topple | alaawmaz edileawmaz ellethey wouldn't topple |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menawarıq edimawarıq emI would have toppled | senawarıq ediŋawarıq eŋyou would have toppled | olawarıq ediawarıq edhe would have toppled | bizawarıq edikawarıq ekwe would have toppled | sizawarıq edigizawarıq egizyou all would have toppled | alaawarıq edileawarıq ellethey would have toppled |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menawarıq tül edimawarıq tül emI wouldn't have toppled | senawarıq tül ediŋawarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have toppled | olawarıq tül ediawarıq tül edhe wouldn't have toppled | bizawarıq tül edikawarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have toppled | sizawarıq tül edigizawarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have toppled | alaawarıq tül edileawarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have toppled |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menawsamif I topple | senawsaŋif you topple | olawsaif he topples | bizawsaqif we topple | sizawsağızif you all topple | alaawsalaif they topple |
| Conditional | menawmasamif I don't topple | senawmasaŋif you don't topple | olawmasaif he doesn't topple | bizawmasaqif we don't topple | sizawmasağızif you all don't topple | alaawmasalaif they don't topple |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menawa esemif I am toppling | senawa eseŋif you are toppling | olawa eseif he is toppling | bizawa esekif we are toppling | sizawa esegizif you all are toppling | alaawa eseleif they are toppling |
| Conditional, present real | menawmay esemif I am not toppling | senawmay eseŋif you are not toppling | olawmay eseif he is not toppling | bizawmay esekif we are not toppling | sizawmay esegizif you all are not toppling | alaawmay eseleif they are not toppling |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menawsam ediawsam edif only I toppled | senawsaŋ ediawsaŋ edif only you toppled | olawsa ediawsaedif only he toppled | bizawsaq ediawsaq edif only we toppled | sizawsağız ediawsağız edif only you all toppled | alaawsala ediawsalaedif only they toppled |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menawmasam ediawmasam edif only I didn't topple | senawmasaŋ ediawmasaŋ edif only you didn't topple | olawmasa ediawmasaedif only he didn't topple | bizawmasaq ediawmasaq edif only we didn't topple | sizawmasağız ediawmasağız edif only you all didn't topple | alaawmasala ediawmasalaedif only they didn't topple |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menawub tursamif I carry on toppling | senawub tursaŋif you carry on toppling | olawub tursaif he carries on toppling | bizawub tursaqif we carry on toppling | sizawub tursağızif you all carry on toppling | alaawub tursalaif they carry on toppling |
| Durative conditional | menawub turmasamif I don't carry on toppling | senawub turmasaŋif you don't carry on toppling | olawub turmasaif he doesn't carry on toppling | bizawub turmasaqif we don't carry on toppling | sizawub turmasağızif you all don't carry on toppling | alaawub turmasalaif they don't carry on toppling |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menawub tura esemif I have kept toppling | senawub tura eseŋif you have kept toppling | olawub tura eseif he has kept toppling | bizawub tura esekif we have kept toppling | sizawub tura esegizif you all have kept toppling | alaawub tura eseleif they have kept toppling |
| Durative conditional, present real | menawub turmay esemif I haven't kept toppling | senawub turmay eseŋif you haven't kept toppling | olawub turmay eseif he hasn't kept toppling | bizawub turmay esekif we haven't kept toppling | sizawub turmay esegizif you all haven't kept toppling | alaawub turmay eseleif they haven't kept toppling |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menawa tursamif I keep toppling | senawa tursaŋif you keep toppling | olawa tursaif he keeps toppling | bizawa tursaqif we keep toppling | sizawa tursağızif you all keep toppling | alaawa tursalaif they keep toppling |
| Progressive conditional | menawmay tursamif I keep on not toppling | senawmay tursaŋif you keep on not toppling | olawmay tursaif he keeps on not toppling | bizawmay tursaqif we keep on not toppling | sizawmay tursağızif you all keep on not toppling | alaawmay tursalaif they keep on not toppling |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menawa tura esemif I am in the middle of toppling | senawa tura eseŋif you are in the middle of toppling | olawa tura eseif he is in the middle of toppling | bizawa tura esekif we are in the middle of toppling | sizawa tura esegizif you all are in the middle of toppling | alaawa tura eseleif they are in the middle of toppling |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menawmay tura esemif I keep on not toppling | senawmay tura eseŋif you keep on not toppling | olawmay tura eseif he keeps on not toppling | bizawmay tura esekif we keep on not toppling | sizawmay tura esegizif you all keep on not toppling | alaawmay tura eseleif they keep on not toppling |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menawdum esemif I toppled | senawduŋ eseŋif you toppled | olawdu eseif he toppled | bizawduq esekif we toppled | sizawduğuz esegizif you all toppled | alaawdula eseleif they toppled |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menawmadım esemif I didn't topple | senawmadıŋ eseŋif you didn't topple | olawmadı eseif he didn't topple | bizawmadıq esekif we didn't topple | sizawmadığız esegizif you all didn't topple | alaawmadıla eseleif they didn't topple |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menawğan esemif I did topple (indeed) | senawğan eseŋif you did topple (indeed) | olawğan eseif he did topple (indeed) | bizawğan esekif we did topple (indeed) | sizawğan esegizif you all did topple (indeed) | alaawğan eseleif they did topple (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menawmağan esemif I didn't topple (indeed) | senawmağan eseŋif you didn't topple (indeed) | olawmağan eseif he didn't topple (indeed) | bizawmağan esekif we didn't topple (indeed) | sizawmağan esegizif you all didn't topple (indeed) | alaawmağan eseleif they didn't topple (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menawğan bolsamif I had toppled | senawğan bolsaŋif you had toppled | olawğan bolsaif he had toppled | bizawğan bolsaqif we had toppled | sizawğan bolsağızif you all had toppled | alaawğan bolsalaif they had toppled |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menawmağan bolsamif I hadn't toppled | senawmağan bolsaŋif you hadn't toppled | olawmağan bolsaif he hadn't toppled | bizawmağan bolsaqif we hadn't toppled | sizawmağan bolsağızif you all hadn't toppled | alaawmağan bolsalaif they hadn't toppled |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menawğan bolsam ediawğan bolsam edif only I had toppled | senawğan bolsaŋ ediawğan bolsaŋ edif only you had toppled | olawğan bolsa ediawğan bolsaedif only he had toppled | bizawğan bolsaq ediawğan bolsaq edif only we had toppled | sizawğan bolsağız ediawğan bolsağız edif only you all had toppled | alaawğan bolsala ediawğan bolsalaedif only they had toppled |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menawmağan bolsam ediawmağan bolsam edif only I hadn't toppled | senawmağan bolsaŋ ediawmağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't toppled | olawmağan bolsa ediawmağan bolsaedif only he hadn't toppled | bizawmağan bolsaq ediawmağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't toppled | sizawmağan bolsağız ediawmağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't toppled | alaawmağan bolsala ediawmağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't toppled |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menawar esemif I will topple | senawar eseŋif you will topple | olawar eseif he will topple | bizawar esekif we will topple | sizawar esegizif you all will topple | alaawar eseleif they will topple |
| Conditional, aorist | menawmaz esemif I won't topple | senawmaz eseŋif you won't topple | olawmaz eseif he won't topple | bizawmaz esekif we won't topple | sizawmaz esegizif you all won't topple | alaawmaz eseleif they won't topple |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menawarıq esemif I am going to topple | senawarıq eseŋif you are going to topple | olawarıq eseif he is going to topple | bizawarıq esekif we are going to topple | sizawarıq esegizif you all are going to topple | alaawarıq eseleif they are going to topple |
| Conditional, future | menawarıq tül esemif I am not going to topple | senawarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to topple | olawarıq tül eseif he is not going to topple | bizawarıq tül esekif we are not going to topple | sizawarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to topple | alaawarıq tül eseleif they are not going to topple |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menawarıq bolsamif I were going to topple | senawarıq bolsaŋif you were going to topple | olawarıq bolsaif he were going to topple | bizawarıq bolsaqif we were going to topple | sizawarıq bolsağızif you all were going to topple | alaawarıq bolsalaif they were going to topple |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menawmazlıq bolsamif I were not going to topple | senawmazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to topple | olawmazlıq bolsaif he were not going to topple | bizawmazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to topple | sizawmazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to topple | alaawmazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to topple |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso awduŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menawa bolurmaI must be toppling | senawa bolursayou must be toppling | olawa bolurhe must be toppling | bizawa bolurbuzwe must be toppling | sizawa bolursuzyou all must be toppling | alaawa bolurlathey must be toppling |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menawmay bolurmaI must not be toppling | senawmay bolursayou must not be toppling | olawmay bolurhe must not be toppling | bizawmay bolurbuzwe must not be toppling | sizawmay bolursuzyou all must not be toppling | alaawmay bolurlathey must not be toppling |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menawa tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of toppling | senawa tura bolursayou must be in the middle of toppling | olawa tura bolurhe must be in the middle of toppling | bizawa tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of toppling | sizawa tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of toppling | alaawa tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of toppling |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menawmay tura bolurmaI must keep on not toppling | senawmay tura bolursayou must keep on not toppling | olawmay tura bolurhe must keep on not toppling | bizawmay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not toppling | sizawmay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not toppling | alaawmay tura bolurlathey must keep on not toppling |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menawğan bolurmaI must have toppled | senawğan bolursayou must have toppled | olawğan bolurhe must have toppled | bizawğan bolurbuzwe must have toppled | sizawğan bolursuzyou all must have toppled | alaawğan bolurlathey must have toppled |
| Inference (must have) | menawmağan bolurmaI must not have toppled | senawmağan bolursayou must not have toppled | olawmağan bolurhe must not have toppled | bizawmağan bolurbuzwe must not have toppled | sizawmağan bolursuzyou all must not have toppled | alaawmağan bolurlathey must not have toppled |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menawarıq bolurmaI must be going to topple | senawarıq bolursayou must be going to topple | olawarıq bolurhe must be going to topple | bizawarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to topple | sizawarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to topple | alaawarıq bolurlathey must be going to topple |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menawmazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to topple | senawmazlıq bolursayou must not be going to topple | olawmazlıq bolurhe must not be going to topple | bizawmazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to topple | sizawmazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to topple | alaawmazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to topple |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menawayımlet me topple | senaw!topple! | olawsunlet him topple | bizawayıqlet's topple | sizawuğuz!topple, you all! | alaawsunlalet them topple |
| Commands & suggestions | menawmayımlet me not topple | senawma!don't topple! | olawmasınlet him not topple | bizawmayıqlet's not topple | sizawmağız!don't topple, you all! | alaawmasınlalet them not topple |
| Commands & suggestions | menawayımmı?shall I topple? | olawsunmu?should he topple? | bizawayıqmı?shall we topple? | alaawsunlamı?should they topple? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menawmayımmı?shall I not topple? | olawmasınmı?should he not topple? | bizawmayıqmı?shall we not topple? | alaawmasınlamı?should they not topple? | ||
| Requests | senawçu2awçunplease topple | olawsunçudo let him topple | sizawçuğuzplease topple (plural/polite) | alaawsunlaçıdo let them topple | ||
| Requests | senawmaçı2awmaçınplease don't topple | olawmasınçıdo let him not topple | sizawmaçığızplease don't topple (plural/polite) | alaawmasınlaçıdo let them not topple | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senawğunawğumay you topple | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senawmağınawmağımay you not topple | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menawğay edim awğa edimwould that I toppled | senawğay ediŋ awğa ediŋwould that you toppled | olawğay edi awğa ediwould that he toppled | bizawğay edik awğa edikwould that we toppled | sizawğay edigiz awğa edigizwould that you all toppled | alaawğay edile awğa edilewould that they toppled |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menawmağay edim awmağa edimwould that I did not topple | senawmağay ediŋ awmağa ediŋwould that you did not topple | olawmağay edi awmağa ediwould that he did not topple | bizawmağay edik awmağa edikwould that we did not topple | sizawmağay edigiz awmağa edigizwould that you all did not topple | alaawmağay edile awmağa edilewould that they did not topple |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menawmağa qoyayımawma qoyayımlet me allow someone to topple | senawmağa qoy!awma qoy!let someone topple! | olawmağa qoysunawma qoysunlet him allow someone to topple | bizawmağa qoyayıqawma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to topple | sizawmağa qoyuğuz!awma qoyuğuz!let someone topple, you all! | alaawmağa qoysunlaawma qoysunlalet them allow someone to topple |
| Let someone… (commands) | menawmağa qoymayımawma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to topple | senawmağa qoyma!awma qoyma!don't let someone topple! | olawmağa qoymasınawma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to topple | bizawmağa qoymayıqawma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to topple | sizawmağa qoymağız!awma qoymağız!don't let someone topple, you all! | alaawmağa qoymasınlaawma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to topple |
| Let someone… (commands) | menawmağa qoyayımmı?awma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to topple? | olawmağa qoysunmu?awma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to topple? | bizawmağa qoyayıqmı?awma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to topple? | alaawmağa qoysunlamı?awma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to topple? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menawmağa qoymayımmı?awma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to topple? | olawmağa qoymasınmı?awma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to topple? | bizawmağa qoymayıqmı?awma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to topple? | alaawmağa qoymasınlamı?awma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to topple? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menawmağa qoyamaawma qoyamaI allow someone to topple | senawmağa qoyasaawma qoyasayou allow someone to topple | olawmağa qoyadıawma qoyadıhe allows someone to topple | bizawmağa qoyabızawma qoyabızwe allow someone to topple | sizawmağa qoyasızawma qoyasızyou all allow someone to topple | alaawmağa qoyadılaawma qoyadılathey allow someone to topple |
| Let someone… (present) | menawmağa qoymaymaawma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to topple | senawmağa qoymaysaawma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to topple | olawmağa qoymaydıawma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to topple | bizawmağa qoymaybızawma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to topple | sizawmağa qoymaysızawma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to topple | alaawmağa qoymaydılaawma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to topple |
| Let someone… (present) | menawmağa qoyamamı?awma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to topple? | senawmağa qoyamısa?awma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to topple? | olawmağa qoyamıdı?awma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to topple? | bizawmağa qoyabızmı?awma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to topple? | sizawmağa qoyamısız?awma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to topple? | alaawmağa qoyamıdıla?awma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to topple? |
| Let someone… (present) | menawmağa qoymaymamı?awma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to topple? | senawmağa qoymaymısa?awma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to topple? | olawmağa qoymaymıdı?awma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to topple? | bizawmağa qoymaybızmı?awma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to topple? | sizawmağa qoymaymısız?awma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to topple? | alaawmağa qoymaymıdıla?awma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to topple? |
| Let someone… (past) | menawmağa qoydumawma qoydumI allowed someone to topple | senawmağa qoyduŋawma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to topple | olawmağa qoyduawma qoyduhe allowed someone to topple | bizawmağa qoyduqawma qoyduqwe allowed someone to topple | sizawmağa qoyduğuzawma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to topple | alaawmağa qoydulaawma qoydulathey allowed someone to topple |
| Let someone… (past) | menawmağa qoymadımawma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to topple | senawmağa qoymadıŋawma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to topple | olawmağa qoymadıawma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to topple | bizawmağa qoymadıqawma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to topple | sizawmağa qoymadığızawma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to topple | alaawmağa qoymadılaawma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to topple |
| Let someone… (past) | menawmağa qoydummu?awma qoydummu?did I allow someone to topple? | senawmağa qoyduŋmu?awma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to topple? | olawmağa qoydumu?awma qoydumu?did he allow someone to topple? | bizawmağa qoyduqmu?awma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to topple? | sizawmağa qoyduğuzmu?awma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to topple? | alaawmağa qoydulamı?awma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to topple? |
| Let someone… (past) | menawmağa qoymadımmı?awma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to topple? | senawmağa qoymadıŋmı?awma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to topple? | olawmağa qoymadımı?awma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to topple? | bizawmağa qoymadıqmı?awma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to topple? | sizawmağa qoymadığızmı?awma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to topple? | alaawmağa qoymadılamı?awma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to topple? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
awalırğa be able to topple · awalmazğa be unable to topple
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menawalamaI can topple | senawalasayou can topple | olawaladıhe can topple | bizawalabızwe can topple | sizawalasızyou all can topple | alaawaladılathey can topple |
| Ability — present | menawalmaymaI can't topple | senawalmaysayou can't topple | olawalmaydıhe can't topple | bizawalmaybızwe can't topple | sizawalmaysızyou all can't topple | alaawalmaydılathey can't topple |
| Ability — present | menawalamamı? awalamıma?can I topple? | senawalamısa?can you topple? | olawalamıdı?can he topple? | bizawalabızmı? awalamıbız?can we topple? | sizawalamısız?can you all topple? | alaawalamıdıla?can they topple? |
| Ability — present | menawalmaymamı? awalmaymıma?can't I topple? | senawalmaymısa?can't you topple? | olawalmaymıdı?can't he topple? | bizawalmaybızmı? awalmaymıbız?can't we topple? | sizawalmaymısız?can't you all topple? | alaawalmaymıdıla?can't they topple? |
| Ability — if I can… | menawalsamif I can topple | senawalsaŋif you can topple | olawalsaif he can topple | bizawalsaqif we can topple | sizawalsağızif you all can topple | alaawalsalaif they can topple |
| Ability — if I can… | menawalmasamif I can't topple | senawalmasaŋif you can't topple | olawalmasaif he can't topple | bizawalmasaqif we can't topple | sizawalmasağızif you all can't topple | alaawalmasalaif they can't topple |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menawaldımI was able to topple | senawaldıŋyou were able to topple | olawaldıhe was able to topple | bizawaldıqwe were able to topple | sizawaldığızyou all were able to topple | alaawaldılathey were able to topple |
| Ability — simple past | menawalmadımI could not topple | senawalmadıŋyou could not topple | olawalmadıhe could not topple | bizawalmadıqwe could not topple | sizawalmadığızyou all could not topple | alaawalmadılathey could not topple |
| Ability — simple past | menawaldımmı?was I able to topple? | senawaldıŋmı?were you able to topple? | olawaldımı?was he able to topple? | bizawaldıqmı?were we able to topple? | sizawaldığızmı?were you all able to topple? | alaawaldılamı?were they able to topple? |
| Ability — simple past | menawalmadımmı?couldn't I topple? | senawalmadıŋmı?couldn't you topple? | olawalmadımı?couldn't he topple? | bizawalmadıqmı?couldn't we topple? | sizawalmadığızmı?couldn't you all topple? | alaawalmadılamı?couldn't they topple? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menawalğanmaI have been able to topple | senawalğansayou have been able to topple | olawalğandıhe has been able to topple | bizawalğanbızwe have been able to topple | sizawalğansızyou all have been able to topple | alaawalğandılathey have been able to topple |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menawalmağanmaI haven't been able to topple | senawalmağansayou haven't been able to topple | olawalmağandıhe hasn't been able to topple | bizawalmağanbızwe haven't been able to topple | sizawalmağansızyou all haven't been able to topple | alaawalmağandılathey haven't been able to topple |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menawalğanmamı? awalğanmıma?have I been able to topple? | senawalğanmısa?have you been able to topple? | olawalğanmıdı?has he been able to topple? | bizawalğanbızmı? awalğanmıbız?have we been able to topple? | sizawalğanmısız?have you all been able to topple? | alaawalğanmıdıla?have they been able to topple? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menawalmağanmamı? awalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to topple? | senawalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to topple? | olawalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to topple? | bizawalmağanbızmı? awalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to topple? | sizawalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to topple? | alaawalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to topple? |
| Ability — past perfect | menawalğan edimawalğanemI had been able to topple | senawalğan ediŋawalğaneŋyou had been able to topple | olawalğan ediawalğanedhe had been able to topple | bizawalğan edikawalğanekwe had been able to topple | sizawalğan edigizawalğanegizyou all had been able to topple | alaawalğan edileawalğanellethey had been able to topple |
| Ability — past perfect | menawalmağan edimawalmağanemI hadn't been able to topple | senawalmağan ediŋawalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to topple | olawalmağan ediawalmağanedhe hadn't been able to topple | bizawalmağan edikawalmağanekwe hadn't been able to topple | sizawalmağan edigizawalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to topple | alaawalmağan edileawalmağanellethey hadn't been able to topple |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menawala edimawalaemI could topple | senawala ediŋawalaeŋyou could topple | olawala ediawalaedhe could topple | bizawala edikawalaekwe could topple | sizawala edigizawalaegizyou all could topple | alaawala edileawalaellethey could topple |
| Ability — past background | menawalmay edimawalmayemI could not topple | senawalmay ediŋawalmayeŋyou could not topple | olawalmay ediawalmayedhe could not topple | bizawalmay edikawalmayekwe could not topple | sizawalmay edigizawalmayegizyou all could not topple | alaawalmay edileawalmayellethey could not topple |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menawalırmaI will be able to topple | senawalırsayou will be able to topple | olawalırhe will be able to topple | bizawalırbızwe will be able to topple | sizawalırsızyou all will be able to topple | alaawalırlathey will be able to topple |
| Ability — future I | menawalmazmaI won't be able to topple | senawalmazsayou won't be able to topple | olawalmazhe won't be able to topple | bizawalmazbızwe won't be able to topple | sizawalmazsızyou all won't be able to topple | alaawalmazlathey won't be able to topple |
| Ability — future I | menawalırmamı? awalırmıma?will I be able to topple? | senawalırmısa?will you be able to topple? | olawalırmı?will he be able to topple? | bizawalırbızmı? awalırmıbız?will we be able to topple? | sizawalırmısız?will you all be able to topple? | alaawalırlamı? awalırmıla?will they be able to topple? |
| Ability — future I | menawalmazmamı? awalmazmıma?won't I be able to topple? | senawalmazmısa?won't you be able to topple? | olawalmazmı?won't he be able to topple? | bizawalmazbızmı? awalmazmıbız?won't we be able to topple? | sizawalmazmısız?won't you all be able to topple? | alaawalmazlamı? awalmazmıla?won't they be able to topple? |
| Ability — future II | menawallıqmaI am going to be able to topple | senawallıqsayou are going to be able to topple | olawallıqdıhe is going to be able to topple | bizawallıqbızwe are going to be able to topple | sizawallıqsızyou all are going to be able to topple | alaawallıqdılathey are going to be able to topple |
| Ability — future II | menawallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to topple | senawallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to topple | olawallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to topple | bizawallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to topple | sizawallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to topple | alaawallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to topple |
| Ability — future II | menawallıqmamı? awallıqmıma?am I going to be able to topple? | senawallıqmısa?are you going to be able to topple? | olawallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to topple? | bizawallıqbızmı? awallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to topple? | sizawallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to topple? | alaawallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to topple? |
| Ability — future II | menawallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to topple? | senawallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to topple? | olawallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to topple? | bizawallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to topple? | sizawallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to topple? | alaawallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to topple? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menawalır edimawalır emI would be able to topple | senawalır ediŋawalır eŋyou would be able to topple | olawalır ediawalır edhe would be able to topple | bizawalır edikawalır ekwe would be able to topple | sizawalır edigizawalır egizyou all would be able to topple | alaawalır edileawalır ellethey would be able to topple |
| Ability — would be able to… | menawalmaz edimawalmaz emI wouldn't be able to topple | senawalmaz ediŋawalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to topple | olawalmaz ediawalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to topple | bizawalmaz edikawalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to topple | sizawalmaz edigizawalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to topple | alaawalmaz edileawalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to topple |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senawalğınawalğımay you be able to topple | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senawalmağınawalmağımay you not be able to topple | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menawarğa izleymeI want to topple | senawarğa izleyseyou want to topple | olawarğa izleydihe wants to topple | bizawarğa izleybizwe want to topple | sizawarğa izleysizyou all want to topple | alaawarğa izleydilethey want to topple |
| want to | menawarğa izlemeymeI do not want to topple | senawarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to topple | olawarğa izlemeydihe does not want to topple | bizawarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to topple | sizawarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to topple | alaawarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to topple |
| would like to | menawarğa süemeI would like to topple | senawarğa süeseyou would like to topple | olawarğa süedihe would like to topple | bizawarğa süebizwe would like to topple | sizawarğa süesizyou all would like to topple | alaawarğa süedilethey would like to topple |
| would like to | menawarğa süymeymeI would not like to topple | senawarğa süymeyseyou would not like to topple | olawarğa süymeydihe would not like to topple | bizawarğa süymeybizwe would not like to topple | sizawarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to topple | alaawarğa süymeydilethey would not like to topple |
| hope to | menawarğa umutlanamaI hope to topple | senawarğa umutlanasayou hope to topple | olawarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to topple | bizawarğa umutlanabızwe hope to topple | sizawarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to topple | alaawarğa umutlanadılathey hope to topple |
| hope to | menawarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to topple | senawarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to topple | olawarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to topple | bizawarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to topple | sizawarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to topple | alaawarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to topple |
| be about to | menawarğa deb turamaI am about to topple | senawarğa deb turasayou are about to topple | olawarğa deb turadıhe is about to topple | bizawarğa deb turabızwe are about to topple | sizawarğa deb turasızyou all are about to topple | alaawarğa deb turadılathey are about to topple |
| be about to | menawarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to topple | senawarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to topple | olawarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to topple | bizawarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to topple | sizawarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to topple | alaawarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to topple |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menawarğa kerekmeI need to topple | senawarğa kerekseyou need to topple | olawarğa kerekdihe needs to topple | bizawarğa kerekbizwe need to topple | sizawarğa kereksizyou all need to topple | alaawarğa kerekdilethey need to topple |
| need to | menawarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to topple | senawarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to topple | olawarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to topple | bizawarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to topple | sizawarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to topple | alaawarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to topple |
| have to | menmenŋe awarğa tüşediI have to topple | sensenŋe awarğa tüşediyou have to topple | olaŋa awarğa tüşedihe has to topple | bizbizge awarğa tüşediwe have to topple | sizsizge awarğa tüşediyou all have to topple | alaalağa awarğa tüşedithey have to topple |
| have to | menmenŋe awarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to topple | sensenŋe awarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to topple | olaŋa awarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to topple | bizbizge awarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to topple | sizsizge awarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to topple | alaalağa awarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to topple |
| be obliged to | menawarğa borçlumaI am obliged to topple | senawarğa borçlusayou are obliged to topple | olawarğa borçluduhe is obliged to topple | bizawarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to topple | sizawarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to topple | alaawarğa borçludulathey are obliged to topple |
| be obliged to | menawarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to topple | senawarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to topple | olawarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to topple | bizawarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to topple | sizawarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to topple | alaawarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to topple |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menawarğa madarım bardıI have a way to topple | senawarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to topple | olawarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to topple | bizawarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to topple | sizawarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to topple | alaawarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to topple |
| have a way to | menawarğa madarım joqduI have no way to topple | senawarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to topple | olawarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to topple | bizawarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to topple | sizawarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to topple | alaawarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to topple |
| be free to | menawarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to topple | senawarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to topple | olawarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to topple | bizawarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to topple | sizawarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to topple | alaawarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to topple |
| be free to | menawarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to topple | senawarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to topple | olawarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to topple | bizawarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to topple | sizawarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to topple | alaawarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to topple |
| be possible to | menmenŋe awarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to topple | sensenŋe awarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to topple | olaŋa awarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to topple | bizbizge awarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to topple | sizsizge awarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to topple | alaalağa awarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to topple |
| be possible to | menmenŋe awarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to topple | sensenŋe awarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to topple | olaŋa awarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to topple | bizbizge awarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to topple | sizsizge awarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to topple | alaalağa awarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to topple |
| be ready to | menawarğa hazırmaI am ready to topple | senawarğa hazırsayou are ready to topple | olawarğa hazırdıhe is ready to topple | bizawarğa hazırbızwe are ready to topple | sizawarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to topple | alaawarğa hazırdılathey are ready to topple |
| be ready to | menawarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to topple | senawarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to topple | olawarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to topple | bizawarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to topple | sizawarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to topple | alaawarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to topple |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menawarğa küreşemeI am trying to topple | senawarğa küreşeseyou are trying to topple | olawarğa küreşedihe is trying to topple | bizawarğa küreşebizwe are trying to topple | sizawarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to topple | alaawarğa küreşedilethey are trying to topple |
| try to | menawarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to topple | senawarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to topple | olawarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to topple | bizawarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to topple | sizawarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to topple | alaawarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to topple |
| agree to | menawarğa unaymaI agree to topple | senawarğa unaysayou agree to topple | olawarğa unaydıhe agrees to topple | bizawarğa unaybızwe agree to topple | sizawarğa unaysızyou all agree to topple | alaawarğa unaydılathey agree to topple |
| agree to | menawarğa unamaymaI refuse to topple | senawarğa unamaysayou refuse to topple | olawarğa unamaydıhe refuses to topple | bizawarğa unamaybızwe refuse to topple | sizawarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to topple | alaawarğa unamaydılathey refuse to topple |
| hurry to | menawarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to topple | senawarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to topple | olawarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to topple | bizawarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to topple | sizawarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to topple | alaawarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to topple |
| hurry to | menawarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to topple | senawarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to topple | olawarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to topple | bizawarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to topple | sizawarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to topple | alaawarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to topple |
| be afraid to | menawarğa qorqamaI am afraid to topple | senawarğa qorqasayou are afraid to topple | olawarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to topple | bizawarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to topple | sizawarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to topple | alaawarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to topple |
| be afraid to | menawarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to topple | senawarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to topple | olawarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to topple | bizawarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to topple | sizawarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to topple | alaawarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to topple |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menawa bolmazmaI can't be toppling | senawa bolmazsayou can't be toppling | olawa bolmazhe can't be toppling | bizawa bolmazbızwe can't be toppling | sizawa bolmazsızyou all can't be toppling | alaawa bolmazlathey can't be toppling |
| Inference, present — double negation | menawmay bolmazmaI must be toppling (emphatic) | senawmay bolmazsayou must be toppling (emphatic) | olawmay bolmazhe must be toppling (emphatic) | bizawmay bolmazbızwe must be toppling (emphatic) | sizawmay bolmazsızyou all must be toppling (emphatic) | alaawmay bolmazlathey must be toppling (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menawa turmasamif I don't keep toppling | senawa turmasaŋif you don't keep toppling | olawa turmasaif he doesn't keep toppling | bizawa turmasaqif we don't keep toppling | sizawa turmasağızif you all don't keep toppling | alaawa turmasalaif they don't keep toppling |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menawa tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of toppling | senawa tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of toppling | olawa tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of toppling | bizawa tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of toppling | sizawa tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of toppling | alaawa tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of toppling |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menawmay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not toppling (emphatic) | senawmay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not toppling (emphatic) | olawmay tura bolmazhe must keep on not toppling (emphatic) | bizawmay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not toppling (emphatic) | sizawmay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not toppling (emphatic) | alaawmay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not toppling (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menawmay turamaI keep on not toppling | senawmay turasayou keep on not toppling | olawmay turadıhe keeps on not toppling | bizawmay turabızwe keep on not toppling | sizawmay turasızyou all keep on not toppling | alaawmay turadılathey keep on not toppling |
| Progressive — double negation | menawmay turmaymaI am not keeping on not toppling | senawmay turmaysayou are not keeping on not toppling | olawmay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not toppling | bizawmay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not toppling | sizawmay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not toppling | alaawmay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not toppling |
| Progressive — double negation | menawmay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not toppling? | senawmay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not toppling? | olawmay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not toppling? | bizawmay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not toppling? | sizawmay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not toppling? | alaawmay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not toppling? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menawğan bolmazmaI can't have toppled | senawğan bolmazsayou can't have toppled | olawğan bolmazhe can't have toppled | bizawğan bolmazbızwe can't have toppled | sizawğan bolmazsızyou all can't have toppled | alaawğan bolmazlathey can't have toppled |
| Inference — double negation | menawmağan bolmazmaI must have toppled (emphatic) | senawmağan bolmazsayou must have toppled (emphatic) | olawmağan bolmazhe must have toppled (emphatic) | bizawmağan bolmazbızwe must have toppled (emphatic) | sizawmağan bolmazsızyou all must have toppled (emphatic) | alaawmağan bolmazlathey must have toppled (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menawğan bolmasamif it weren't that I had toppled | senawğan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had toppled | olawğan bolmasaif it weren't that he had toppled | bizawğan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had toppled | sizawğan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had toppled | alaawğan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had toppled |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menawmağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't toppled | senawmağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't toppled | olawmağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't toppled | bizawmağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't toppled | sizawmağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't toppled | alaawmağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't toppled |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menawarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to topple | senawarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to topple | olawarıq bolmazhe can't be going to topple | bizawarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to topple | sizawarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to topple | alaawarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to topple |
| Inference, future — double negation | menawmazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to topple (emphatic) | senawmazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to topple (emphatic) | olawmazlıq bolmazhe must be going to topple (emphatic) | bizawmazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to topple (emphatic) | sizawmazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to topple (emphatic) | alaawmazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to topple (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menawarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to topple | senawarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to topple | olawarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to topple | bizawarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to topple | sizawarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to topple | alaawarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to topple |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menawmazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to topple | senawmazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to topple | olawmazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to topple | bizawmazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to topple | sizawmazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to topple | alaawmazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to topple |