juwuq

/dʒuwuq/ · plural juwuqla

1. (adj.) close, near, not far off

el juwuqdu — the village is close
em juwuq el — the nearest village
juwuq jerde — in a nearby place
juwuq jol — a near road
terekle juwuq ornatılğandıla — the trees are planted close together

2. (adj.) near, close at hand (in time)

juwuq zamanda — before long
juwuq künlede kelir — he will come one of these days
töründen körü juwuqdu — his grave is nearer to him than his hearth

3. (adj.) closely related, related by kinship — juwuq adam is a relative, juwuqla are one's kinfolk, and juwuqluq is kinship.

juwuq jetgen adam — a man who is a relation
et juwuq — a blood relation
juwuq köllü — in the manner of a kinsman
senŋe juwuq köllü aytama — I tell you as a kinsman

4. (adj.) close to, closely bound up with, akin (fig.)

nieti halqına juwuq adam — a man close to his people in spirit
halqğa juwuq çığarmala — works that are close to the people
poetni nieti jarlılağa juwuqdu — the poet's thinking is close to the poor
mağanası juwuq sözle — words close in meaning
juwuq oyumla — views that are akin

5. (adv.) close, near, close up

juwuq kel — come closer
juwuq oltur — sit closer
stolğa juwuq olturuğuz — sit closer to the table
juwuq barırğa — to go up close

6. (n.) a relative, a kinsman

juwuqla — relatives
kelin juwuqlarına barıb keldi — the bride went to her relatives and came back
juwuğu joqnu sıyı joq — he who has no relatives has no honor
juwuğum! — my friend!
ma alaydı, juwuğum! — that's how it is, my friend!

7. (n.) an in-law, a relative by marriage

qarnaşımı juwuğu — my brother's in-law
qızı köbnü juwuğu köb — he who has many daughters has many in-laws
nasıblını eki juwuğu birden kelir — both in-laws come to the lucky one at once

8. (postp.) about, nearly, getting on for

jüzge juwuq — about a hundred
miŋŋe juwuq adam — nearly a thousand people
ellige juwuq qoyu — his nearly fifty sheep
sağatha juwuq — getting on for an hour
bir ayğa juwuq zaman ozğandı — nearly a month's time has passed

Expressions

juwuq bol — come in, welcome (Formula · Greeting · Request)
beriden arı juwuq bolurğa — near death (Idiom)
et juwuq — close blood relative (Idiom)
jekden juwuq qoymazğa — flatly refuse (Idiom)

As an adjective

Degrees and persons

Degrees and persons — juwuq
Degree	menI	senyou	olhe/she/it	bizwe	sizyou all	alathey
base form	juwuqmaI am close	juwuqsayou are close	juwuqduhe is close	juwuqbuzwe are close	juwuqsuzyou all are close	juwuqdulathey are close
comparative — more	juwuğuraqmaI am closer	juwuğuraqsayou are closer	juwuğuraqdıhe is closer	juwuğuraqbızwe are closer	juwuğuraqsızyou all are closer	juwuğuraqdılathey are closer
intensifier — very	bek juwuqmaI am very close	bek juwuqsayou are very close	bek juwuqduhe is very close	bek juwuqbuzwe are very close	bek juwuqsuzyou all are very close	bek juwuqdulathey are very close
superlative — most	em juwuqmaI am the closest	em juwuqsayou are the closest	em juwuqduhe is the closest	em juwuqbuzwe are the closest	em juwuqsuzyou all are the closest	em juwuqdulathey are the closest

To compare two things, put the loser in the from-form: ol menden juwuqdu — "compared to me, he is close."

Saying it about mine, yours, theirs

One thing

One thing — juwuq
Degree	menikimine	senikiyours	anıqıhis / hers	biznikiours	siznikiyours (pl.)	alanıqıtheirs
base form	meniki juwuqdumine is close	seniki juwuqduyours is close	anıqı juwuqduhis is close	bizniki juwuqduours is close	sizniki juwuqduyours (pl.) is close	alanıqı juwuqdutheirs is close
comparative — more	meniki juwuğuraqdımine is closer	seniki juwuğuraqdıyours is closer	anıqı juwuğuraqdıhis is closer	bizniki juwuğuraqdıours is closer	sizniki juwuğuraqdıyours (pl.) is closer	alanıqı juwuğuraqdıtheirs is closer
intensifier — very	meniki bek juwuqdumine is very close	seniki bek juwuqduyours is very close	anıqı bek juwuqduhis is very close	bizniki bek juwuqduours is very close	sizniki bek juwuqduyours (pl.) is very close	alanıqı bek juwuqdutheirs is very close
superlative — most	meniki em juwuqdumine is the closest	seniki em juwuqduyours is the closest	anıqı em juwuqduhis is the closest	bizniki em juwuqduours is the closest	sizniki em juwuqduyours (pl.) is the closest	alanıqı em juwuqdutheirs is the closest

Several things

Several things — juwuq
Degree	menikilemine	senikileyours	anıqılahis / hers	biznikileours	siznikileyours (pl.)	alanıqılatheirs
base form	menikile juwuqdulamine are close	senikile juwuqdulayours are close	anıqıla juwuqdulahis are close	biznikile juwuqdulaours are close	siznikile juwuqdulayours (pl.) are close	alanıqıla juwuqdulatheirs are close
comparative — more	menikile juwuğuraqdılamine are closer	senikile juwuğuraqdılayours are closer	anıqıla juwuğuraqdılahis are closer	biznikile juwuğuraqdılaours are closer	siznikile juwuğuraqdılayours (pl.) are closer	alanıqıla juwuğuraqdılatheirs are closer
intensifier — very	menikile bek juwuqdulamine are very close	senikile bek juwuqdulayours are very close	anıqıla bek juwuqdulahis are very close	biznikile bek juwuqdulaours are very close	siznikile bek juwuqdulayours (pl.) are very close	alanıqıla bek juwuqdulatheirs are very close
superlative — most	menikile em juwuqdulamine are the closest	senikile em juwuqdulayours are the closest	anıqıla em juwuqdulahis are the closest	biznikile em juwuqdulaours are the closest	siznikile em juwuqdulayours (pl.) are the closest	alanıqıla em juwuqdulatheirs are the closest

Any thing takes the third-person ending, not only these: bu juwuqdu, bıla juwuqdula. In texts biznikile is usually kesibiznikile, "our own people", and a surname with -nıqıla names a family: Dudalanıqıla, "the Dudas".

As a noun

Cases and owners

Singular

Singular — cases of juwuq, plain and with an owner
Case	—plain	menimy	seniyour	anıhis / her	bizniour	sizniyou all's	alanıtheir
Nominative	juwuqthe relative	juwuğummy relative	juwuğuŋyour relative	juwuğuhis relative	juwuğubuzour relative	juwuğuğuzyou all's relative	juwuqlarıtheir relatives
Genitive	juwuqnuthe relative's	juwuğumumy relative's	juwuğuŋuyour relative's	juwuğunuhis relative's	juwuğubuznuour relative's	juwuğuğuznuyou all's relative's	juwuqlarınıtheir relatives'
Accusative	juwuqnuthe relative (as the object)	juwuğumumy relative (as the object)	juwuğuŋuyour relative (as the object)	juwuğunhis relative (as the object)	juwuğubuznuour relative (as the object)	juwuğuğuznuyou all's relative (as the object)	juwuqlarıntheir relatives (as the object)
Dative	juwuqğato the relative	juwuğumato my relative	juwuğuŋato your relative	juwuğunato his relative	juwuğubuzğato our relative	juwuğuğuzğato you all's relative	juwuqlarınato their relatives
Locative	juwuqdain / at the relative	juwuğumdain / at my relative	juwuğuŋdain / at your relative	juwuğundain / at his relative	juwuğubuzdain / at our relative	juwuğuğuzdain / at you all's relative	juwuqlarındain / at their relatives
Ablative	juwuqdanfrom the relative	juwuğumdanfrom my relative	juwuğuŋdanfrom your relative	juwuğundanfrom his relative	juwuğubuzdanfrom our relative	juwuğuğuzdanfrom you all's relative	juwuqlarındanfrom their relatives

Plural

Plural — cases of juwuq, plain and with an owner
Case	—plain	menimy	seniyour	anıhis / her	bizniour	sizniyou all's	alanıtheir
Nominative	juwuqlathe relatives	juwuqlarımmy relatives	juwuqlarıŋyour relatives	juwuqlarıhis relatives	juwuqlarıbızour relatives	juwuqlarığızyou all's relatives	juwuqlarıtheir relatives
Genitive	juwuqlanıthe relatives'	juwuqlarımımy relatives'	juwuqlarıŋıyour relatives'	juwuqlarınıhis relatives'	juwuqlarıbıznıour relatives'	juwuqlarığıznıyou all's relatives'	juwuqlarınıtheir relatives'
Accusative	juwuqlanıthe relatives (as the object)	juwuqlarımımy relatives (as the object)	juwuqlarıŋıyour relatives (as the object)	juwuqlarınhis relatives (as the object)	juwuqlarıbıznıour relatives (as the object)	juwuqlarığıznıyou all's relatives (as the object)	juwuqlarıntheir relatives (as the object)
Dative	juwuqlağato the relatives	juwuqlarımato my relatives	juwuqlarıŋato your relatives	juwuqlarınato his relatives	juwuqlarıbızğato our relatives	juwuqlarığızğato you all's relatives	juwuqlarınato their relatives
Locative	juwuqladain / at the relatives	juwuqlarımdain / at my relatives	juwuqlarıŋdain / at your relatives	juwuqlarındain / at his relatives	juwuqlarıbızdain / at our relatives	juwuqlarığızdain / at you all's relatives	juwuqlarındain / at their relatives
Ablative	juwuqladanfrom the relatives	juwuqlarımdanfrom my relatives	juwuqlarıŋdanfrom your relatives	juwuqlarındanfrom his relatives	juwuqlarıbızdanfrom our relatives	juwuqlarığızdanfrom you all's relatives	juwuqlarındanfrom their relatives

The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: juwuqları can mean "his / her relatives", "their relative", or "their relatives" — context decides.

Whose it is

Belonging to juwuq — the relative's one
Case	one thing, one owner	several things, one owner	one thing, several owners	several things, several owners
Nominative	juwuqnuquthe relative's one	juwuqnuqulathe relative's ones	juwuqlanıqıthe relatives' one	juwuqlanıqılathe relatives' ones
Genitive	juwuqnuqunuof the relative's one	juwuqnuqulanıof the relative's ones	juwuqlanıqınıof the relatives' one	juwuqlanıqılanıof the relatives' ones
Accusative	juwuqnuqunthe relative's one (as the object)	juwuqnuqulanıthe relative's ones (as the object)	juwuqlanıqınthe relatives' one (as the object)	juwuqlanıqılanıthe relatives' ones (as the object)
Dative	juwuqnuqunato the relative's one	juwuqnuqulağato the relative's ones	juwuqlanıqınato the relatives' one	juwuqlanıqılağato the relatives' ones
Locative	juwuqnuqundain / at the relative's one	juwuqnuquladain / at the relative's ones	juwuqlanıqındain / at the relatives' one	juwuqlanıqıladain / at the relatives' ones
Ablative	juwuqnuqundanfrom the relative's one	juwuqnuquladanfrom the relative's ones	juwuqlanıqındanfrom the relatives' one	juwuqlanıqıladanfrom the relatives' ones

The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.