keterge
/keterɡe/
1. leave, go away, set off — The place someone leaves for stands in the dative, the place left in the ablative. Also said of trains and ships departing, birds flying south, and rain moving away. The bare imperative ket means go away!
- ket bılaydan — go away from here
- işge keterge — to leave for work
- Moskvağa keterge — to leave for Moscow
- biz ketebiz — we are leaving
- men tambla şaharğa keterikme — I will leave for the city tomorrow
- qonaqla ertdenlikde elge ketdile — the guests left for the village in the morning
- ol bir sağatdan keterikdi — he will leave in an hour
- uzaqğa keterge — to go far away
2. resign, withdraw from employment or studies — The job or post someone leaves stands in the ablative: işden ket. With the dative it means go on leave or retire: pensiyağa ket.
- işden keterge — to leave one's job
- işden ket — leave your job
- ol bıltır işinden ketgendi — he left his job last year
- qulluğundan keterge unamağandı — he refused to leave his post
3. pass, go by, be over — Said of time or a season going by.
- jay ketdi — the summer is over
- aradan bir ıyıq ketdi — a week has gone by since then
- jılla ketib baradıla — the years go by
- jaşlıq ketdi — youth has passed
- bir kesek zaman ketgenley — once some time had passed
4. pass off, go away, stop — Said of pain, sleepiness, tiredness, fear, sadness, thirst or drunkenness wearing off.
- arığanım ketdi — my tiredness has gone
- anı mıdahlığı ketdi — his sadness passed off
- suw içerim ketdi — I no longer wanted to drink water
- anı esirgeni ketgendi — his drunkenness has passed off
- juquŋ keterge — to stop feeling sleepy
5. come off, come out, fade — Said of a stain coming out, dye fading, skin peeling, hair or fur coming out, writing rubbing off, or a scar fading.
- juwulğanında tamğası ketdi — the stain came out in the wash
- tamğa keterge unamaydı — the stain will not come out
- boyawu ketgendi — the paint has worn off
- terini tügü ketgendi — the fur on the hide has worn off
- anı tabı terk ketmeydi — its scar does not fade quickly
6. be spent, be used up — What the money, time, material or effort goes on stands in the dative.
- çepkenŋe köb qumaç ketdi — a lot of fabric went into the dress
- bu işge köb zaman ketdi — a lot of time went into this work
- qıyını boşuna ketdi — his effort was spent for nothing
- mıŋa köb açha ketgendi — much money has gone on this
- mıŋa köb küç ketgendi — much effort has gone into this
7. be forgotten, slip from the mind — The mind stands in the ablative: esimden ketgendi.
- anı aythan sözü esimden ketmeydi — the words he said do not slip from my memory
- aqılından ketmey turdu — it did not leave his mind
- közden ketgen kölden keter — what leaves the eye will slip from the heart
- zorluq jürekden ketmez — oppression does not slip from the heart
8. fall, plunge, go down — Said of falling from a rock, tree, horse or donkey, or into a pit or water.
- qayadan keterge — to fall from the cliff
- çuŋurğa keterge — to fall into a pit
- suwğa keterge — to sink in the water
- qayadan ketib ölgendi — he fell from the cliff and died
9. boil over, run over — Said of milk and the like boiling over onto the stove: süt ketdi.
- süt ketdi — the milk boiled over
- ojaqda süt ketdi — the milk boiled over on the hearth
- süt otha ketdi — the milk boiled over onto the fire
- otha keterge — to run over onto the fire
10. be lost, be gone — Said of a limb, of wealth or of strength that someone loses.
- bir bilegi ketib qaytdı — he came back having lost an arm
- anı oŋ butu qazawatda ketgendi — he lost his right leg in the war
- ırıshısı da, küçü da ketdi — both his wealth and his strength were gone
11. vanish, cease to exist — Said of a smell, fog or clouds, or of color draining from the face.
- iyis ketdi — the smell vanished
- ertdenlikde tuban ketdi — in the morning the fog vanished
- terekleden qırpaq ketdi — the light snow vanished from the trees
- betiŋde nürüŋ ketmegendi — the glow has not gone from your face
12. flow, flow out — Said of water, blood or tears.
- jarasından qanı köb ketdi — much blood flowed from his wound
- anı köz jaşı kete edi — her tears were flowing
- tik tawladan suwla enişge ketedile — waters flow down from the steep mountains
- suw ketse da, taş qalır — though the water flows away, the stone remains
- aşıqğan suw uzaq ketmez — hasty water will not flow far
13. be sent, be dispatched — Said of a letter, a parcel or goods.
- qağıtım tünene ketgendi — my letter went off yesterday
- bügün ol qağıt şaharğa keterikdi — that letter will go off to the city today
- malla şaharğa ketgendile — the cattle were sent off to the city
14. run, extend, stretch — Said of a road, a path or a tunnel going in some direction.
- bu jol elge deri ketedi — this road runs as far as the village
- fermağa tar jolçuq ketedi — a narrow path runs to the farm
- jolçuq narat terekle taba ketedi — the little path runs toward the pine trees
15. separate from a spouse, end a marriage — The spouse someone leaves stands in the ablative.
- ol erinden ketgendi — she left her husband
- qatını andan ketgendi — his wife left him
- ekisi da bir-birinden ketdile — the two of them separated from each other
16. get ahead, make progress, advance
- alğa ketgendi — has advanced
- bizni elibiz alğa ketgendi — our village has moved ahead
- ol bizden alğa ketgendi — he has got ahead of us
17. give oneself over to, become absorbed in — Said of sinking into thought, sleep or work.
- sağışha ketdi — became absorbed in thought
- qart teren sağışha ketdi — the old man sank deep into thought
- ana sağışha ketib olturdu — the mother sat sunk in thought
18. spread, get around — Said of rumors and news.
- hapar terk elge ketdi — the news quickly spread to the village
- kerti söz keri keter — true words spread far
- keçegi söz keri keter — a word spoken at night spreads far
19. be left behind — Said of a thing forgotten in a car or in someone's pocket.
- kitabım üyde ketgendi — my book was left behind at home
- çemodanı maşinada ketgendi — his suitcase was left behind in the car
- qalamım teŋimi hurjununda ketgendi — my pen was left behind in my friend's pocket
20. penetrate, get into — Said of microbes or bacteria entering the body.
- bakteriyala adamnı içine ketedile — bacteria get inside a person
- jarağa tüşgen mikrobla qanŋa ketedile — microbes that get into a wound pass into the blood
21. creep in, appear inadvertently — Said of errors and misprints.
- gazetde halatla ketgendile — misprints have crept into the newspaper
- jazğanımda bir qawum jaŋılıç ketgendi — a few mistakes crept into what I wrote
- kitabda jaŋılıçla ketsele, tüzete barabız — when mistakes creep into the book, we correct them
22. die, pass away — Used figuratively of a person's death.
- duniyadan ketdi — he departed from this world
- duniyadan keter — he will depart from this world
- bıyıl men keterik bolurma — I shall probably pass away this year
23. come on, come off it, drop it — Said in the imperative to show disbelief or to brush aside what someone has just said.
- ket, alay bolmaz — come on, that cannot be
- ket ayüŋe, alay qalay aytasa — come off it, how can you say that
- ket, telilenme — come on, do not be foolish
- ket, başımı awrutma — drop it, do not make my head ache
- ket, awuzuŋu çayqa — come off it, wash your mouth out
24. melt away — Said of snow and ice.
- qar ketdi — the snow melted away
- jılı künle kelgenley, qar ketdi — as soon as the warm days came, the snow melted away
- suwnu üsündegi buz kete başladı — the ice on the water began to melt away
Expressions
- köçüb keterik eterge — make life unbearable
- ahı keterge — be terrified
- aqılı keterge — be captivated
- arı deri köb suw keter — long time yet
Conjugation
Common forms
- ketedihe is leaving
- ketdihe left
- ketgendihe has left
- keterhe will leave
- keterikdihe is going to leave
- kete edihe was leaving
- ketseif he leaves
- ket!leave!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menketemeI am leaving | senketeseyou are leaving | olketedihe is leaving | bizketebizwe are leaving | sizketesizyou all are leaving | alaketedilethey are leaving |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menketmeymeI am not leaving | senketmeyseyou are not leaving | olketmeydihe is not leaving | bizketmeybizwe are not leaving | sizketmeysizyou all are not leaving | alaketmeydilethey are not leaving |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menketememi? ketemime?am I leaving? | senketemise?are you leaving? | olketemidi?is he leaving? | bizketebizmi? ketemibiz?are we leaving? | sizketemisiz?are you all leaving? | alaketemidile?are they leaving? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menketmeymemi? ketmeymime?aren't I leaving? | senketmeymise?aren't you leaving? | olketmeymidi?isn't he leaving? | bizketmeybizmi? ketmeymibiz?aren't we leaving? | sizketmeymisiz?aren't you all leaving? | alaketmeymidile?aren't they leaving? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menketiwçenmeI usually leave | senketiwçenseyou usually leave | olketiwçendihe usually leaves | bizketiwçenbizwe usually leave | sizketiwçensizyou all usually leave | alaketiwçendilethey usually leave |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menketmewçenmeI usually don't leave | senketmewçenseyou usually don't leave | olketmewçendihe usually doesn't leave | bizketmewçenbizwe usually don't leave | sizketmewçensizyou all usually don't leave | alaketmewçendilethey usually don't leave |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menketiwçenmemi? ketiwçenmime?do I usually leave? | senketiwçenmise?do you usually leave? | olketiwçenmidi?does he usually leave? | bizketiwçenbizmi? ketiwçenmibiz?do we usually leave? | sizketiwçenmisiz?do you all usually leave? | alaketiwçenmidile?do they usually leave? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menketmewçenmemi? ketmewçenmime?do I usually not leave? | senketmewçenmise?do you usually not leave? | olketmewçenmidi?does he usually not leave? | bizketmewçenbizmi? ketmewçenmibiz?do we usually not leave? | sizketmewçenmisiz?do you all usually not leave? | alaketmewçenmidile?do they usually not leave? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olketibdihe has left and remains so | alaketibdilethey have left and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olketibmidi?has he left? | alaketibmidile?have they left? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menketib turamaI keep leaving | senketib turasayou keep leaving | olketib turadıhe keeps leaving | bizketib turabızwe keep leaving | sizketib turasızyou all keep leaving | alaketib turadılathey keep leaving |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menketib turmaymaI don't keep leaving | senketib turmaysayou don't keep leaving | olketib turmaydıhe doesn't keep leaving | bizketib turmaybızwe don't keep leaving | sizketib turmaysızyou all don't keep leaving | alaketib turmaydılathey don't keep leaving |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menketib turamamı? ketib turamıma?do I keep leaving? | senketib turamısa?do you keep leaving? | olketib turamıdı?does he keep leaving? | bizketib turabızmı? ketib turamıbız?do we keep leaving? | sizketib turamısız?do you all keep leaving? | alaketib turamıdıla?do they keep leaving? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menketib turmaymamı? ketib turmaymıma?don't I keep leaving? | senketib turmaymısa?don't you keep leaving? | olketib turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep leaving? | bizketib turmaybızmı? ketib turmaymıbız?don't we keep leaving? | sizketib turmaymısız?don't you all keep leaving? | alaketib turmaymıdıla?don't they keep leaving? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menkete turamaI am in the middle of leaving | senkete turasayou are in the middle of leaving | olkete turadıhe is in the middle of leaving | bizkete turabızwe are in the middle of leaving | sizkete turasızyou all are in the middle of leaving | alakete turadılathey are in the middle of leaving |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menkete turmaymaI am not in the middle of leaving | senkete turmaysayou are not in the middle of leaving | olkete turmaydıhe is not in the middle of leaving | bizkete turmaybızwe are not in the middle of leaving | sizkete turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of leaving | alakete turmaydılathey are not in the middle of leaving |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menkete turamamı? kete turamıma?am I in the middle of leaving? | senkete turamısa?are you in the middle of leaving? | olkete turamıdı?is he in the middle of leaving? | bizkete turabızmı? kete turamıbız?are we in the middle of leaving? | sizkete turamısız?are you all in the middle of leaving? | alakete turamıdıla?are they in the middle of leaving? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menkete turmaymamı? kete turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of leaving? | senkete turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of leaving? | olkete turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of leaving? | bizkete turmaybızmı? kete turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of leaving? | sizkete turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of leaving? | alakete turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of leaving? |
| Simple past (definite) | menketdimI left | senketdiŋyou left | olketdihe left | bizketdikwe left | sizketdigizyou all left | alaketdilethey left |
| Simple past (definite) | menketmedimI didn't leave | senketmediŋyou didn't leave | olketmedihe didn't leave | bizketmedikwe didn't leave | sizketmedigizyou all didn't leave | alaketmedilethey didn't leave |
| Simple past (definite) | menketdimmi?did I leave? | senketdiŋmi?did you leave? | olketdimi?did he leave? | bizketdikmi?did we leave? | sizketdigizmi?did you all leave? | alaketdilemi?did they leave? |
| Simple past (definite) | menketmedimmi?didn't I leave? | senketmediŋmi?didn't you leave? | olketmedimi?didn't he leave? | bizketmedikmi?didn't we leave? | sizketmedigizmi?didn't you all leave? | alaketmedilemi?didn't they leave? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menketgenmeI have left | senketgenseyou have left | olketgendihe has left | bizketgenbizwe have left | sizketgensizyou all have left | alaketgendilethey have left |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menketmegenmeI haven't left | senketmegenseyou haven't left | olketmegendihe hasn't left | bizketmegenbizwe haven't left | sizketmegensizyou all haven't left | alaketmegendilethey haven't left |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menketgenmemi? ketgenmime?have I left? | senketgenmise?have you left? | olketgenmidi?has he left? | bizketgenbizmi? ketgenmibiz?have we left? | sizketgenmisiz?have you all left? | alaketgenmidile?have they left? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menketmegenmemi? ketmegenmime?haven't I left? | senketmegenmise?haven't you left? | olketmegenmidi?hasn't he left? | bizketmegenbizmi? ketmegenmibiz?haven't we left? | sizketmegenmisiz?haven't you all left? | alaketmegenmidile?haven't they left? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menketib turdumI kept leaving | senketib turduŋyou kept leaving | olketib turduhe kept leaving | bizketib turduqwe kept leaving | sizketib turduğuzyou all kept leaving | alaketib turdulathey kept leaving |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menketib turmadımI didn't keep leaving | senketib turmadıŋyou didn't keep leaving | olketib turmadıhe didn't keep leaving | bizketib turmadıqwe didn't keep leaving | sizketib turmadığızyou all didn't keep leaving | alaketib turmadılathey didn't keep leaving |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menketermeI will leave | senketerseyou will leave | olketerhe will leave | bizketerbizwe will leave | sizketersizyou all will leave | alaketerlethey will leave |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menketmezmeI won't leave | senketmezseyou won't leave | olketmezhe won't leave | bizketmezbizwe won't leave | sizketmezsizyou all won't leave | alaketmezlethey won't leave |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menketermemi? ketermime?will I leave? | senketermise?will you leave? | olketermi?will he leave? | bizketerbizmi? ketermibiz?will we leave? | sizketermisiz?will you all leave? | alaketerlemi? ketermile?will they leave? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menketmezmemi? ketmezmime?won't I leave? | senketmezmise?won't you leave? | olketmezmi?won't he leave? | bizketmezbizmi? ketmezmibiz?won't we leave? | sizketmezmisiz?won't you all leave? | alaketmezlemi? ketmezmile?won't they leave? |
| Definite future (future II) | menketerikmeI am going to leave | senketerikseyou are going to leave | olketerikdihe is going to leave | bizketerikbizwe are going to leave | sizketeriksizyou all are going to leave | alaketerikdilethey are going to leave |
| Definite future (future II) | menketerik tülmeI am not going to leave | senketerik tülseyou are not going to leave | olketerik tüldühe is not going to leave | bizketerik tülbüzwe are not going to leave | sizketerik tülsüzyou all are not going to leave | alaketerik tüldülethey are not going to leave |
| Definite future (future II) | menketerikmemi? keterikmime?am I going to leave? | senketerikmise?are you going to leave? | olketerikmidi?is he going to leave? | bizketerikbizmi? keterikmibiz?are we going to leave? | sizketerikmisiz?are you all going to leave? | alaketerikmidile?are they going to leave? |
| Definite future (future II) | menketerik tülmüme?aren't I going to leave? | senketerik tülmüse?aren't you going to leave? | olketerik tülmüdü?isn't he going to leave? | bizketerik tülmübüz?aren't we going to leave? | sizketerik tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to leave? | alaketerik tülmüdüle?aren't they going to leave? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menketgen edimketgenemI had left | senketgen ediŋketgeneŋyou had left | olketgen ediketgenedhe had left | bizketgen edikketgenekwe had left | sizketgen edigizketgenegizyou all had left | alaketgen edileketgenellethey had left |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menketmegen edimketmegenemI hadn't left | senketmegen ediŋketmegeneŋyou hadn't left | olketmegen ediketmegenedhe hadn't left | bizketmegen edikketmegenekwe hadn't left | sizketmegen edigizketmegenegizyou all hadn't left | alaketmegen edileketmegenellethey hadn't left |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menkete edimketemI was leaving | senkete ediŋketeŋyou were leaving | olkete ediketedhe was leaving | bizkete edikketekwe were leaving | sizkete edigizketegizyou all were leaving | alakete edileketellethey were leaving |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menketmey edimketmeyemI wasn't leaving | senketmey ediŋketmeyeŋyou weren't leaving | olketmey ediketmeyedhe wasn't leaving | bizketmey edikketmeyekwe weren't leaving | sizketmey edigizketmeyegizyou all weren't leaving | alaketmey edileketmeyellethey weren't leaving |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menketiwçen edimketiwçenemI used to leave | senketiwçen ediŋketiwçeneŋyou used to leave | olketiwçen ediketiwçenedhe used to leave | bizketiwçen edikketiwçenekwe used to leave | sizketiwçen edigizketiwçenegizyou all used to leave | alaketiwçen edileketiwçenellethey used to leave |
| Habitual past (used to) | menketmewçen edimketmewçenemI didn't use to leave | senketmewçen ediŋketmewçeneŋyou didn't use to leave | olketmewçen ediketmewçenedhe didn't use to leave | bizketmewçen edikketmewçenekwe didn't use to leave | sizketmewçen edigizketmewçenegizyou all didn't use to leave | alaketmewçen edileketmewçenellethey didn't use to leave |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olketib edihe had left and remained so | alaketib edilethey had left and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olketib tül edihe hadn't left | alaketib tül edilethey hadn't left | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menketib tura edimketib turaemI had kept leaving | senketib tura ediŋketib turaeŋyou had kept leaving | olketib tura ediketib turaedhe had kept leaving | bizketib tura edikketib turaekwe had kept leaving | sizketib tura edigizketib turaegizyou all had kept leaving | alaketib tura edileketib turaellethey had kept leaving |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menketib turmay edimketib turmayemI hadn't kept leaving | senketib turmay ediŋketib turmayeŋyou hadn't kept leaving | olketib turmay ediketib turmayedhe hadn't kept leaving | bizketib turmay edikketib turmayekwe hadn't kept leaving | sizketib turmay edigizketib turmayegizyou all hadn't kept leaving | alaketib turmay edileketib turmayellethey hadn't kept leaving |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menkete tura edimkete turaemI was in the middle of leaving | senkete tura ediŋkete turaeŋyou were in the middle of leaving | olkete tura edikete turaedhe was in the middle of leaving | bizkete tura edikkete turaekwe were in the middle of leaving | sizkete tura edigizkete turaegizyou all were in the middle of leaving | alakete tura edilekete turaellethey were in the middle of leaving |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menkete turmay edimkete turmayemI wasn't in the middle of leaving | senkete turmay ediŋkete turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of leaving | olkete turmay edikete turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of leaving | bizkete turmay edikkete turmayekwe weren't in the middle of leaving | sizkete turmay edigizkete turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of leaving | alakete turmay edilekete turmayellethey weren't in the middle of leaving |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menketer edimketer emI would leave | senketer ediŋketer eŋyou would leave | olketer ediketer edhe would leave | bizketer edikketer ekwe would leave | sizketer edigizketer egizyou all would leave | alaketer edileketer ellethey would leave |
| Conditional result (would) | menketmez edimketmez emI wouldn't leave | senketmez ediŋketmez eŋyou wouldn't leave | olketmez ediketmez edhe wouldn't leave | bizketmez edikketmez ekwe wouldn't leave | sizketmez edigizketmez egizyou all wouldn't leave | alaketmez edileketmez ellethey wouldn't leave |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menketerik edimketerik emI would have left | senketerik ediŋketerik eŋyou would have left | olketerik ediketerik edhe would have left | bizketerik edikketerik ekwe would have left | sizketerik edigizketerik egizyou all would have left | alaketerik edileketerik ellethey would have left |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menketerik tül edimketerik tül emI wouldn't have left | senketerik tül ediŋketerik tül eŋyou wouldn't have left | olketerik tül ediketerik tül edhe wouldn't have left | bizketerik tül edikketerik tül ekwe wouldn't have left | sizketerik tül edigizketerik tül egizyou all wouldn't have left | alaketerik tül edileketerik tül ellethey wouldn't have left |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menketsemif I leave | senketseŋif you leave | olketseif he leaves | bizketsekif we leave | sizketsegizif you all leave | alaketseleif they leave |
| Conditional | menketmesemif I don't leave | senketmeseŋif you don't leave | olketmeseif he doesn't leave | bizketmesekif we don't leave | sizketmesegizif you all don't leave | alaketmeseleif they don't leave |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menkete esemif I am leaving | senkete eseŋif you are leaving | olkete eseif he is leaving | bizkete esekif we are leaving | sizkete esegizif you all are leaving | alakete eseleif they are leaving |
| Conditional, present real | menketmey esemif I am not leaving | senketmey eseŋif you are not leaving | olketmey eseif he is not leaving | bizketmey esekif we are not leaving | sizketmey esegizif you all are not leaving | alaketmey eseleif they are not leaving |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menketsem ediketsem edif only I left | senketseŋ ediketseŋ edif only you left | olketse ediketsedif only he left | bizketsek ediketsek edif only we left | sizketsegiz ediketsegiz edif only you all left | alaketsele ediketseledif only they left |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menketmesem ediketmesem edif only I didn't leave | senketmeseŋ ediketmeseŋ edif only you didn't leave | olketmese ediketmesedif only he didn't leave | bizketmesek ediketmesek edif only we didn't leave | sizketmesegiz ediketmesegiz edif only you all didn't leave | alaketmesele ediketmeseledif only they didn't leave |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menketib tursamif I carry on leaving | senketib tursaŋif you carry on leaving | olketib tursaif he carries on leaving | bizketib tursaqif we carry on leaving | sizketib tursağızif you all carry on leaving | alaketib tursalaif they carry on leaving |
| Durative conditional | menketib turmasamif I don't carry on leaving | senketib turmasaŋif you don't carry on leaving | olketib turmasaif he doesn't carry on leaving | bizketib turmasaqif we don't carry on leaving | sizketib turmasağızif you all don't carry on leaving | alaketib turmasalaif they don't carry on leaving |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menketib tura esemif I have kept leaving | senketib tura eseŋif you have kept leaving | olketib tura eseif he has kept leaving | bizketib tura esekif we have kept leaving | sizketib tura esegizif you all have kept leaving | alaketib tura eseleif they have kept leaving |
| Durative conditional, present real | menketib turmay esemif I haven't kept leaving | senketib turmay eseŋif you haven't kept leaving | olketib turmay eseif he hasn't kept leaving | bizketib turmay esekif we haven't kept leaving | sizketib turmay esegizif you all haven't kept leaving | alaketib turmay eseleif they haven't kept leaving |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menkete tursamif I keep leaving | senkete tursaŋif you keep leaving | olkete tursaif he keeps leaving | bizkete tursaqif we keep leaving | sizkete tursağızif you all keep leaving | alakete tursalaif they keep leaving |
| Progressive conditional | menketmey tursamif I keep on not leaving | senketmey tursaŋif you keep on not leaving | olketmey tursaif he keeps on not leaving | bizketmey tursaqif we keep on not leaving | sizketmey tursağızif you all keep on not leaving | alaketmey tursalaif they keep on not leaving |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menkete tura esemif I am in the middle of leaving | senkete tura eseŋif you are in the middle of leaving | olkete tura eseif he is in the middle of leaving | bizkete tura esekif we are in the middle of leaving | sizkete tura esegizif you all are in the middle of leaving | alakete tura eseleif they are in the middle of leaving |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menketmey tura esemif I keep on not leaving | senketmey tura eseŋif you keep on not leaving | olketmey tura eseif he keeps on not leaving | bizketmey tura esekif we keep on not leaving | sizketmey tura esegizif you all keep on not leaving | alaketmey tura eseleif they keep on not leaving |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menketdim esemif I left | senketdiŋ eseŋif you left | olketdi eseif he left | bizketdik esekif we left | sizketdigiz esegizif you all left | alaketdile eseleif they left |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menketmedim esemif I didn't leave | senketmediŋ eseŋif you didn't leave | olketmedi eseif he didn't leave | bizketmedik esekif we didn't leave | sizketmedigiz esegizif you all didn't leave | alaketmedile eseleif they didn't leave |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menketgen esemif I did leave (indeed) | senketgen eseŋif you did leave (indeed) | olketgen eseif he did leave (indeed) | bizketgen esekif we did leave (indeed) | sizketgen esegizif you all did leave (indeed) | alaketgen eseleif they did leave (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menketmegen esemif I didn't leave (indeed) | senketmegen eseŋif you didn't leave (indeed) | olketmegen eseif he didn't leave (indeed) | bizketmegen esekif we didn't leave (indeed) | sizketmegen esegizif you all didn't leave (indeed) | alaketmegen eseleif they didn't leave (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menketgen bolsamif I had left | senketgen bolsaŋif you had left | olketgen bolsaif he had left | bizketgen bolsaqif we had left | sizketgen bolsağızif you all had left | alaketgen bolsalaif they had left |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menketmegen bolsamif I hadn't left | senketmegen bolsaŋif you hadn't left | olketmegen bolsaif he hadn't left | bizketmegen bolsaqif we hadn't left | sizketmegen bolsağızif you all hadn't left | alaketmegen bolsalaif they hadn't left |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menketgen bolsam ediketgen bolsam edif only I had left | senketgen bolsaŋ ediketgen bolsaŋ edif only you had left | olketgen bolsa ediketgen bolsaedif only he had left | bizketgen bolsaq ediketgen bolsaq edif only we had left | sizketgen bolsağız ediketgen bolsağız edif only you all had left | alaketgen bolsala ediketgen bolsalaedif only they had left |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menketmegen bolsam ediketmegen bolsam edif only I hadn't left | senketmegen bolsaŋ ediketmegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't left | olketmegen bolsa ediketmegen bolsaedif only he hadn't left | bizketmegen bolsaq ediketmegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't left | sizketmegen bolsağız ediketmegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't left | alaketmegen bolsala ediketmegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't left |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menketer esemif I will leave | senketer eseŋif you will leave | olketer eseif he will leave | bizketer esekif we will leave | sizketer esegizif you all will leave | alaketer eseleif they will leave |
| Conditional, aorist | menketmez esemif I won't leave | senketmez eseŋif you won't leave | olketmez eseif he won't leave | bizketmez esekif we won't leave | sizketmez esegizif you all won't leave | alaketmez eseleif they won't leave |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menketerik esemif I am going to leave | senketerik eseŋif you are going to leave | olketerik eseif he is going to leave | bizketerik esekif we are going to leave | sizketerik esegizif you all are going to leave | alaketerik eseleif they are going to leave |
| Conditional, future | menketerik tül esemif I am not going to leave | senketerik tül eseŋif you are not going to leave | olketerik tül eseif he is not going to leave | bizketerik tül esekif we are not going to leave | sizketerik tül esegizif you all are not going to leave | alaketerik tül eseleif they are not going to leave |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menketerik bolsamif I were going to leave | senketerik bolsaŋif you were going to leave | olketerik bolsaif he were going to leave | bizketerik bolsaqif we were going to leave | sizketerik bolsağızif you all were going to leave | alaketerik bolsalaif they were going to leave |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menketmezlik bolsamif I were not going to leave | senketmezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to leave | olketmezlik bolsaif he were not going to leave | bizketmezlik bolsaqif we were not going to leave | sizketmezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to leave | alaketmezlik bolsalaif they were not going to leave |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso ketdiŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menkete bolurmaI must be leaving | senkete bolursayou must be leaving | olkete bolurhe must be leaving | bizkete bolurbuzwe must be leaving | sizkete bolursuzyou all must be leaving | alakete bolurlathey must be leaving |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menketmey bolurmaI must not be leaving | senketmey bolursayou must not be leaving | olketmey bolurhe must not be leaving | bizketmey bolurbuzwe must not be leaving | sizketmey bolursuzyou all must not be leaving | alaketmey bolurlathey must not be leaving |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menkete tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of leaving | senkete tura bolursayou must be in the middle of leaving | olkete tura bolurhe must be in the middle of leaving | bizkete tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of leaving | sizkete tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of leaving | alakete tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of leaving |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menketmey tura bolurmaI must keep on not leaving | senketmey tura bolursayou must keep on not leaving | olketmey tura bolurhe must keep on not leaving | bizketmey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not leaving | sizketmey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not leaving | alaketmey tura bolurlathey must keep on not leaving |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menketgen bolurmaI must have left | senketgen bolursayou must have left | olketgen bolurhe must have left | bizketgen bolurbuzwe must have left | sizketgen bolursuzyou all must have left | alaketgen bolurlathey must have left |
| Inference (must have) | menketmegen bolurmaI must not have left | senketmegen bolursayou must not have left | olketmegen bolurhe must not have left | bizketmegen bolurbuzwe must not have left | sizketmegen bolursuzyou all must not have left | alaketmegen bolurlathey must not have left |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menketerik bolurmaI must be going to leave | senketerik bolursayou must be going to leave | olketerik bolurhe must be going to leave | bizketerik bolurbuzwe must be going to leave | sizketerik bolursuzyou all must be going to leave | alaketerik bolurlathey must be going to leave |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menketmezlik bolurmaI must not be going to leave | senketmezlik bolursayou must not be going to leave | olketmezlik bolurhe must not be going to leave | bizketmezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to leave | sizketmezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to leave | alaketmezlik bolurlathey must not be going to leave |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menketeyimlet me leave | senket!leave! | olketsinlet him leave | bizketeyiklet's leave | sizketigiz!leave, you all! | alaketsinlelet them leave |
| Commands & suggestions | menketmeyimlet me not leave | senketme!don't leave! | olketmesinlet him not leave | bizketmeyiklet's not leave | sizketmegiz!don't leave, you all! | alaketmesinlelet them not leave |
| Commands & suggestions | menketeyimmi?shall I leave? | olketsinmi?should he leave? | bizketeyikmi?shall we leave? | alaketsinlemi?should they leave? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menketmeyimmi?shall I not leave? | olketmesinmi?should he not leave? | bizketmeyikmi?shall we not leave? | alaketmesinlemi?should they not leave? | ||
| Requests | senketçi2ketçinplease leave | olketsinçido let him leave | sizketçigizplease leave (plural/polite) | alaketsinleçido let them leave | ||
| Requests | senketmeçi2ketmeçinplease don't leave | olketmesinçido let him not leave | sizketmeçigizplease don't leave (plural/polite) | alaketmesinleçido let them not leave | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senketginketgimay you leave | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senketmeginketmegimay you not leave | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menketgey edim ketge edimwould that I left | senketgey ediŋ ketge ediŋwould that you left | olketgey edi ketge ediwould that he left | bizketgey edik ketge edikwould that we left | sizketgey edigiz ketge edigizwould that you all left | alaketgey edile ketge edilewould that they left |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menketmegey edim ketmege edimwould that I did not leave | senketmegey ediŋ ketmege ediŋwould that you did not leave | olketmegey edi ketmege ediwould that he did not leave | bizketmegey edik ketmege edikwould that we did not leave | sizketmegey edigiz ketmege edigizwould that you all did not leave | alaketmegey edile ketmege edilewould that they did not leave |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menketmege qoyayımketme qoyayımlet me allow someone to leave | senketmege qoy!ketme qoy!let someone leave! | olketmege qoysunketme qoysunlet him allow someone to leave | bizketmege qoyayıqketme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to leave | sizketmege qoyuğuz!ketme qoyuğuz!let someone leave, you all! | alaketmege qoysunlaketme qoysunlalet them allow someone to leave |
| Let someone… (commands) | menketmege qoymayımketme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to leave | senketmege qoyma!ketme qoyma!don't let someone leave! | olketmege qoymasınketme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to leave | bizketmege qoymayıqketme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to leave | sizketmege qoymağız!ketme qoymağız!don't let someone leave, you all! | alaketmege qoymasınlaketme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to leave |
| Let someone… (commands) | menketmege qoyayımmı?ketme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to leave? | olketmege qoysunmu?ketme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to leave? | bizketmege qoyayıqmı?ketme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to leave? | alaketmege qoysunlamı?ketme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to leave? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menketmege qoymayımmı?ketme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to leave? | olketmege qoymasınmı?ketme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to leave? | bizketmege qoymayıqmı?ketme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to leave? | alaketmege qoymasınlamı?ketme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to leave? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menketmege qoyamaketme qoyamaI allow someone to leave | senketmege qoyasaketme qoyasayou allow someone to leave | olketmege qoyadıketme qoyadıhe allows someone to leave | bizketmege qoyabızketme qoyabızwe allow someone to leave | sizketmege qoyasızketme qoyasızyou all allow someone to leave | alaketmege qoyadılaketme qoyadılathey allow someone to leave |
| Let someone… (present) | menketmege qoymaymaketme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to leave | senketmege qoymaysaketme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to leave | olketmege qoymaydıketme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to leave | bizketmege qoymaybızketme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to leave | sizketmege qoymaysızketme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to leave | alaketmege qoymaydılaketme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to leave |
| Let someone… (present) | menketmege qoyamamı?ketme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to leave? | senketmege qoyamısa?ketme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to leave? | olketmege qoyamıdı?ketme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to leave? | bizketmege qoyabızmı?ketme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to leave? | sizketmege qoyamısız?ketme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to leave? | alaketmege qoyamıdıla?ketme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to leave? |
| Let someone… (present) | menketmege qoymaymamı?ketme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to leave? | senketmege qoymaymısa?ketme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to leave? | olketmege qoymaymıdı?ketme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to leave? | bizketmege qoymaybızmı?ketme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to leave? | sizketmege qoymaymısız?ketme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to leave? | alaketmege qoymaymıdıla?ketme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to leave? |
| Let someone… (past) | menketmege qoydumketme qoydumI allowed someone to leave | senketmege qoyduŋketme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to leave | olketmege qoyduketme qoyduhe allowed someone to leave | bizketmege qoyduqketme qoyduqwe allowed someone to leave | sizketmege qoyduğuzketme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to leave | alaketmege qoydulaketme qoydulathey allowed someone to leave |
| Let someone… (past) | menketmege qoymadımketme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to leave | senketmege qoymadıŋketme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to leave | olketmege qoymadıketme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to leave | bizketmege qoymadıqketme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to leave | sizketmege qoymadığızketme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to leave | alaketmege qoymadılaketme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to leave |
| Let someone… (past) | menketmege qoydummu?ketme qoydummu?did I allow someone to leave? | senketmege qoyduŋmu?ketme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to leave? | olketmege qoydumu?ketme qoydumu?did he allow someone to leave? | bizketmege qoyduqmu?ketme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to leave? | sizketmege qoyduğuzmu?ketme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to leave? | alaketmege qoydulamı?ketme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to leave? |
| Let someone… (past) | menketmege qoymadımmı?ketme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to leave? | senketmege qoymadıŋmı?ketme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to leave? | olketmege qoymadımı?ketme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to leave? | bizketmege qoymadıqmı?ketme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to leave? | sizketmege qoymadığızmı?ketme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to leave? | alaketmege qoymadılamı?ketme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to leave? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menketalamaI can leave | senketalasayou can leave | olketaladıhe can leave | bizketalabızwe can leave | sizketalasızyou all can leave | alaketaladılathey can leave |
| Ability — present | menketalmaymaI can't leave | senketalmaysayou can't leave | olketalmaydıhe can't leave | bizketalmaybızwe can't leave | sizketalmaysızyou all can't leave | alaketalmaydılathey can't leave |
| Ability — present | menketalamamı? ketalamıma?can I leave? | senketalamısa?can you leave? | olketalamıdı?can he leave? | bizketalabızmı? ketalamıbız?can we leave? | sizketalamısız?can you all leave? | alaketalamıdıla?can they leave? |
| Ability — present | menketalmaymamı? ketalmaymıma?can't I leave? | senketalmaymısa?can't you leave? | olketalmaymıdı?can't he leave? | bizketalmaybızmı? ketalmaymıbız?can't we leave? | sizketalmaymısız?can't you all leave? | alaketalmaymıdıla?can't they leave? |
| Ability — if I can… | menketalsamif I can leave | senketalsaŋif you can leave | olketalsaif he can leave | bizketalsaqif we can leave | sizketalsağızif you all can leave | alaketalsalaif they can leave |
| Ability — if I can… | menketalmasamif I can't leave | senketalmasaŋif you can't leave | olketalmasaif he can't leave | bizketalmasaqif we can't leave | sizketalmasağızif you all can't leave | alaketalmasalaif they can't leave |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menketaldımI was able to leave | senketaldıŋyou were able to leave | olketaldıhe was able to leave | bizketaldıqwe were able to leave | sizketaldığızyou all were able to leave | alaketaldılathey were able to leave |
| Ability — simple past | menketalmadımI could not leave | senketalmadıŋyou could not leave | olketalmadıhe could not leave | bizketalmadıqwe could not leave | sizketalmadığızyou all could not leave | alaketalmadılathey could not leave |
| Ability — simple past | menketaldımmı?was I able to leave? | senketaldıŋmı?were you able to leave? | olketaldımı?was he able to leave? | bizketaldıqmı?were we able to leave? | sizketaldığızmı?were you all able to leave? | alaketaldılamı?were they able to leave? |
| Ability — simple past | menketalmadımmı?couldn't I leave? | senketalmadıŋmı?couldn't you leave? | olketalmadımı?couldn't he leave? | bizketalmadıqmı?couldn't we leave? | sizketalmadığızmı?couldn't you all leave? | alaketalmadılamı?couldn't they leave? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menketalğanmaI have been able to leave | senketalğansayou have been able to leave | olketalğandıhe has been able to leave | bizketalğanbızwe have been able to leave | sizketalğansızyou all have been able to leave | alaketalğandılathey have been able to leave |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menketalmağanmaI haven't been able to leave | senketalmağansayou haven't been able to leave | olketalmağandıhe hasn't been able to leave | bizketalmağanbızwe haven't been able to leave | sizketalmağansızyou all haven't been able to leave | alaketalmağandılathey haven't been able to leave |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menketalğanmamı? ketalğanmıma?have I been able to leave? | senketalğanmısa?have you been able to leave? | olketalğanmıdı?has he been able to leave? | bizketalğanbızmı? ketalğanmıbız?have we been able to leave? | sizketalğanmısız?have you all been able to leave? | alaketalğanmıdıla?have they been able to leave? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menketalmağanmamı? ketalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to leave? | senketalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to leave? | olketalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to leave? | bizketalmağanbızmı? ketalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to leave? | sizketalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to leave? | alaketalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to leave? |
| Ability — past perfect | menketalğan edimketalğanemI had been able to leave | senketalğan ediŋketalğaneŋyou had been able to leave | olketalğan ediketalğanedhe had been able to leave | bizketalğan edikketalğanekwe had been able to leave | sizketalğan edigizketalğanegizyou all had been able to leave | alaketalğan edileketalğanellethey had been able to leave |
| Ability — past perfect | menketalmağan edimketalmağanemI hadn't been able to leave | senketalmağan ediŋketalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to leave | olketalmağan ediketalmağanedhe hadn't been able to leave | bizketalmağan edikketalmağanekwe hadn't been able to leave | sizketalmağan edigizketalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to leave | alaketalmağan edileketalmağanellethey hadn't been able to leave |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menketala edimketalaemI could leave | senketala ediŋketalaeŋyou could leave | olketala ediketalaedhe could leave | bizketala edikketalaekwe could leave | sizketala edigizketalaegizyou all could leave | alaketala edileketalaellethey could leave |
| Ability — past background | menketalmay edimketalmayemI could not leave | senketalmay ediŋketalmayeŋyou could not leave | olketalmay ediketalmayedhe could not leave | bizketalmay edikketalmayekwe could not leave | sizketalmay edigizketalmayegizyou all could not leave | alaketalmay edileketalmayellethey could not leave |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menketalırmaI will be able to leave | senketalırsayou will be able to leave | olketalırhe will be able to leave | bizketalırbızwe will be able to leave | sizketalırsızyou all will be able to leave | alaketalırlathey will be able to leave |
| Ability — future I | menketalmazmaI won't be able to leave | senketalmazsayou won't be able to leave | olketalmazhe won't be able to leave | bizketalmazbızwe won't be able to leave | sizketalmazsızyou all won't be able to leave | alaketalmazlathey won't be able to leave |
| Ability — future I | menketalırmamı? ketalırmıma?will I be able to leave? | senketalırmısa?will you be able to leave? | olketalırmı?will he be able to leave? | bizketalırbızmı? ketalırmıbız?will we be able to leave? | sizketalırmısız?will you all be able to leave? | alaketalırlamı? ketalırmıla?will they be able to leave? |
| Ability — future I | menketalmazmamı? ketalmazmıma?won't I be able to leave? | senketalmazmısa?won't you be able to leave? | olketalmazmı?won't he be able to leave? | bizketalmazbızmı? ketalmazmıbız?won't we be able to leave? | sizketalmazmısız?won't you all be able to leave? | alaketalmazlamı? ketalmazmıla?won't they be able to leave? |
| Ability — future II | menketallıqmaI am going to be able to leave | senketallıqsayou are going to be able to leave | olketallıqdıhe is going to be able to leave | bizketallıqbızwe are going to be able to leave | sizketallıqsızyou all are going to be able to leave | alaketallıqdılathey are going to be able to leave |
| Ability — future II | menketallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to leave | senketallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to leave | olketallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to leave | bizketallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to leave | sizketallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to leave | alaketallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to leave |
| Ability — future II | menketallıqmamı? ketallıqmıma?am I going to be able to leave? | senketallıqmısa?are you going to be able to leave? | olketallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to leave? | bizketallıqbızmı? ketallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to leave? | sizketallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to leave? | alaketallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to leave? |
| Ability — future II | menketallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to leave? | senketallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to leave? | olketallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to leave? | bizketallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to leave? | sizketallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to leave? | alaketallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to leave? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menketalır edimketalır emI would be able to leave | senketalır ediŋketalır eŋyou would be able to leave | olketalır ediketalır edhe would be able to leave | bizketalır edikketalır ekwe would be able to leave | sizketalır edigizketalır egizyou all would be able to leave | alaketalır edileketalır ellethey would be able to leave |
| Ability — would be able to… | menketalmaz edimketalmaz emI wouldn't be able to leave | senketalmaz ediŋketalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to leave | olketalmaz ediketalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to leave | bizketalmaz edikketalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to leave | sizketalmaz edigizketalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to leave | alaketalmaz edileketalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to leave |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senketalğınketalğımay you be able to leave | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senketalmağınketalmağımay you not be able to leave | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menketerge izleymeI want to leave | senketerge izleyseyou want to leave | olketerge izleydihe wants to leave | bizketerge izleybizwe want to leave | sizketerge izleysizyou all want to leave | alaketerge izleydilethey want to leave |
| want to | menketerge izlemeymeI do not want to leave | senketerge izlemeyseyou do not want to leave | olketerge izlemeydihe does not want to leave | bizketerge izlemeybizwe do not want to leave | sizketerge izlemeysizyou all do not want to leave | alaketerge izlemeydilethey do not want to leave |
| would like to | menketerge süemeI would like to leave | senketerge süeseyou would like to leave | olketerge süedihe would like to leave | bizketerge süebizwe would like to leave | sizketerge süesizyou all would like to leave | alaketerge süedilethey would like to leave |
| would like to | menketerge süymeymeI would not like to leave | senketerge süymeyseyou would not like to leave | olketerge süymeydihe would not like to leave | bizketerge süymeybizwe would not like to leave | sizketerge süymeysizyou all would not like to leave | alaketerge süymeydilethey would not like to leave |
| hope to | menketerge umutlanamaI hope to leave | senketerge umutlanasayou hope to leave | olketerge umutlanadıhe hopes to leave | bizketerge umutlanabızwe hope to leave | sizketerge umutlanasızyou all hope to leave | alaketerge umutlanadılathey hope to leave |
| hope to | menketerge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to leave | senketerge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to leave | olketerge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to leave | bizketerge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to leave | sizketerge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to leave | alaketerge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to leave |
| be about to | menketerge deb turamaI am about to leave | senketerge deb turasayou are about to leave | olketerge deb turadıhe is about to leave | bizketerge deb turabızwe are about to leave | sizketerge deb turasızyou all are about to leave | alaketerge deb turadılathey are about to leave |
| be about to | menketerge deb turmaymaI am not about to leave | senketerge deb turmaysayou are not about to leave | olketerge deb turmaydıhe is not about to leave | bizketerge deb turmaybızwe are not about to leave | sizketerge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to leave | alaketerge deb turmaydılathey are not about to leave |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menketerge kerekmeI need to leave | senketerge kerekseyou need to leave | olketerge kerekdihe needs to leave | bizketerge kerekbizwe need to leave | sizketerge kereksizyou all need to leave | alaketerge kerekdilethey need to leave |
| need to | menketerge kerek tülmeI do not need to leave | senketerge kerek tülseyou do not need to leave | olketerge kerek tüldühe does not need to leave | bizketerge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to leave | sizketerge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to leave | alaketerge kerek tüldülethey do not need to leave |
| have to | menmenŋe keterge tüşediI have to leave | sensenŋe keterge tüşediyou have to leave | olaŋa keterge tüşedihe has to leave | bizbizge keterge tüşediwe have to leave | sizsizge keterge tüşediyou all have to leave | alaalağa keterge tüşedithey have to leave |
| have to | menmenŋe keterge tüşmeydiI do not have to leave | sensenŋe keterge tüşmeydiyou do not have to leave | olaŋa keterge tüşmeydihe does not have to leave | bizbizge keterge tüşmeydiwe do not have to leave | sizsizge keterge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to leave | alaalağa keterge tüşmeydithey do not have to leave |
| be obliged to | menketerge borçlumaI am obliged to leave | senketerge borçlusayou are obliged to leave | olketerge borçluduhe is obliged to leave | bizketerge borçlubuzwe are obliged to leave | sizketerge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to leave | alaketerge borçludulathey are obliged to leave |
| be obliged to | menketerge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to leave | senketerge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to leave | olketerge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to leave | bizketerge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to leave | sizketerge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to leave | alaketerge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to leave |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menketerge madarım bardıI have a way to leave | senketerge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to leave | olketerge madarı bardıhe has a way to leave | bizketerge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to leave | sizketerge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to leave | alaketerge madarları bardıthey have a way to leave |
| have a way to | menketerge madarım joqduI have no way to leave | senketerge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to leave | olketerge madarı joqduhe has no way to leave | bizketerge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to leave | sizketerge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to leave | alaketerge madarları joqduthey have no way to leave |
| be free to | menketerge erkinligim bardıI am free to leave | senketerge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to leave | olketerge erkinligi bardıhe is free to leave | bizketerge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to leave | sizketerge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to leave | alaketerge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to leave |
| be free to | menketerge erkinligim joqduI am not free to leave | senketerge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to leave | olketerge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to leave | bizketerge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to leave | sizketerge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to leave | alaketerge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to leave |
| be possible to | menmenŋe keterge bolluqduit is possible for me to leave | sensenŋe keterge bolluqduit is possible for you to leave | olaŋa keterge bolluqduit is possible for him to leave | bizbizge keterge bolluqduit is possible for us to leave | sizsizge keterge bolluqduit is possible for you all to leave | alaalağa keterge bolluqduit is possible for them to leave |
| be possible to | menmenŋe keterge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to leave | sensenŋe keterge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to leave | olaŋa keterge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to leave | bizbizge keterge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to leave | sizsizge keterge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to leave | alaalağa keterge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to leave |
| be ready to | menketerge hazırmaI am ready to leave | senketerge hazırsayou are ready to leave | olketerge hazırdıhe is ready to leave | bizketerge hazırbızwe are ready to leave | sizketerge hazırsızyou all are ready to leave | alaketerge hazırdılathey are ready to leave |
| be ready to | menketerge hazır tülmeI am not ready to leave | senketerge hazır tülseyou are not ready to leave | olketerge hazır tüldühe is not ready to leave | bizketerge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to leave | sizketerge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to leave | alaketerge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to leave |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menketerge küreşemeI am trying to leave | senketerge küreşeseyou are trying to leave | olketerge küreşedihe is trying to leave | bizketerge küreşebizwe are trying to leave | sizketerge küreşesizyou all are trying to leave | alaketerge küreşedilethey are trying to leave |
| try to | menketerge küreşmeymeI am not trying to leave | senketerge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to leave | olketerge küreşmeydihe is not trying to leave | bizketerge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to leave | sizketerge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to leave | alaketerge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to leave |
| agree to | menketerge unaymaI agree to leave | senketerge unaysayou agree to leave | olketerge unaydıhe agrees to leave | bizketerge unaybızwe agree to leave | sizketerge unaysızyou all agree to leave | alaketerge unaydılathey agree to leave |
| agree to | menketerge unamaymaI refuse to leave | senketerge unamaysayou refuse to leave | olketerge unamaydıhe refuses to leave | bizketerge unamaybızwe refuse to leave | sizketerge unamaysızyou all refuse to leave | alaketerge unamaydılathey refuse to leave |
| hurry to | menketerge aşığamaI am in a hurry to leave | senketerge aşığasayou are in a hurry to leave | olketerge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to leave | bizketerge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to leave | sizketerge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to leave | alaketerge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to leave |
| hurry to | menketerge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to leave | senketerge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to leave | olketerge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to leave | bizketerge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to leave | sizketerge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to leave | alaketerge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to leave |
| be afraid to | menketerge qorqamaI am afraid to leave | senketerge qorqasayou are afraid to leave | olketerge qorqadıhe is afraid to leave | bizketerge qorqabızwe are afraid to leave | sizketerge qorqasızyou all are afraid to leave | alaketerge qorqadılathey are afraid to leave |
| be afraid to | menketerge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to leave | senketerge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to leave | olketerge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to leave | bizketerge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to leave | sizketerge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to leave | alaketerge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to leave |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menkete bolmazmaI can't be leaving | senkete bolmazsayou can't be leaving | olkete bolmazhe can't be leaving | bizkete bolmazbızwe can't be leaving | sizkete bolmazsızyou all can't be leaving | alakete bolmazlathey can't be leaving |
| Inference, present — double negation | menketmey bolmazmaI must be leaving (emphatic) | senketmey bolmazsayou must be leaving (emphatic) | olketmey bolmazhe must be leaving (emphatic) | bizketmey bolmazbızwe must be leaving (emphatic) | sizketmey bolmazsızyou all must be leaving (emphatic) | alaketmey bolmazlathey must be leaving (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menkete turmasamif I don't keep leaving | senkete turmasaŋif you don't keep leaving | olkete turmasaif he doesn't keep leaving | bizkete turmasaqif we don't keep leaving | sizkete turmasağızif you all don't keep leaving | alakete turmasalaif they don't keep leaving |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menkete tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of leaving | senkete tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of leaving | olkete tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of leaving | bizkete tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of leaving | sizkete tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of leaving | alakete tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of leaving |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menketmey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not leaving (emphatic) | senketmey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not leaving (emphatic) | olketmey tura bolmazhe must keep on not leaving (emphatic) | bizketmey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not leaving (emphatic) | sizketmey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not leaving (emphatic) | alaketmey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not leaving (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menketmey turamaI keep on not leaving | senketmey turasayou keep on not leaving | olketmey turadıhe keeps on not leaving | bizketmey turabızwe keep on not leaving | sizketmey turasızyou all keep on not leaving | alaketmey turadılathey keep on not leaving |
| Progressive — double negation | menketmey turmaymaI am not keeping on not leaving | senketmey turmaysayou are not keeping on not leaving | olketmey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not leaving | bizketmey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not leaving | sizketmey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not leaving | alaketmey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not leaving |
| Progressive — double negation | menketmey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not leaving? | senketmey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not leaving? | olketmey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not leaving? | bizketmey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not leaving? | sizketmey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not leaving? | alaketmey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not leaving? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menketgen bolmazmaI can't have left | senketgen bolmazsayou can't have left | olketgen bolmazhe can't have left | bizketgen bolmazbızwe can't have left | sizketgen bolmazsızyou all can't have left | alaketgen bolmazlathey can't have left |
| Inference — double negation | menketmegen bolmazmaI must have left (emphatic) | senketmegen bolmazsayou must have left (emphatic) | olketmegen bolmazhe must have left (emphatic) | bizketmegen bolmazbızwe must have left (emphatic) | sizketmegen bolmazsızyou all must have left (emphatic) | alaketmegen bolmazlathey must have left (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menketgen bolmasamif it weren't that I had left | senketgen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had left | olketgen bolmasaif it weren't that he had left | bizketgen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had left | sizketgen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had left | alaketgen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had left |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menketmegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't left | senketmegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't left | olketmegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't left | bizketmegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't left | sizketmegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't left | alaketmegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't left |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menketerik bolmazmaI can't be going to leave | senketerik bolmazsayou can't be going to leave | olketerik bolmazhe can't be going to leave | bizketerik bolmazbızwe can't be going to leave | sizketerik bolmazsızyou all can't be going to leave | alaketerik bolmazlathey can't be going to leave |
| Inference, future — double negation | menketmezlik bolmazmaI must be going to leave (emphatic) | senketmezlik bolmazsayou must be going to leave (emphatic) | olketmezlik bolmazhe must be going to leave (emphatic) | bizketmezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to leave (emphatic) | sizketmezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to leave (emphatic) | alaketmezlik bolmazlathey must be going to leave (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menketerik bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to leave | senketerik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to leave | olketerik bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to leave | bizketerik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to leave | sizketerik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to leave | alaketerik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to leave |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menketmezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to leave | senketmezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to leave | olketmezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to leave | bizketmezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to leave | sizketmezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to leave | alaketmezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to leave |