jumarğa
/dʒumarʁa/
1. close, shut, screw up (the eyes) — köz jumarğa can also mean to die.
- köz jumarğa — to close one's eyes
- ol közlerin jumdu — he closed his eyes
- köznü jumub açhınçı — in the blink of an eye
- jummay-jummay jılarğa — to cry bitterly without closing one's eyes
- soqur elge kirseŋ, közleriŋi jum — if you enter a village of the blind, close your eyes
2. clench, squeeze together
- qoluŋu jumarğa — to clench your hand into a fist
- barmaqların jumdu — he clenched his fingers
- qolun jumub turadı — he keeps his hand clenched
3. lay back, press flat (the ears, the wings)
- qulaq jumarğa — to lay back the ears
- ajir qulaqların jumdu — the stallion laid its ears back
- börü sekirdi qulaqların jumub — the wolf leapt with its ears laid back
Expressions
- köz jumarğa — close one's eyes; die
- köznü jumub açhınçı — in an instant
- oqdan köz jummağan — utterly fearless
- qulaqların jumarğa — turn vicious
Conjugation
Common forms
- jumadıhe is closing
- jumduhe closed
- jumğandıhe has closed
- jumarhe will close
- jumarıqdıhe is going to close
- juma edihe was closing
- jumsaif he closes
- jum!close!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjumamaI am closing | senjumasayou are closing | oljumadıhe is closing | bizjumabızwe are closing | sizjumasızyou all are closing | alajumadılathey are closing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjummaymaI am not closing | senjummaysayou are not closing | oljummaydıhe is not closing | bizjummaybızwe are not closing | sizjummaysızyou all are not closing | alajummaydılathey are not closing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjumamamı? jumamıma?am I closing? | senjumamısa?are you closing? | oljumamıdı?is he closing? | bizjumabızmı? jumamıbız?are we closing? | sizjumamısız?are you all closing? | alajumamıdıla?are they closing? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjummaymamı? jummaymıma?aren't I closing? | senjummaymısa?aren't you closing? | oljummaymıdı?isn't he closing? | bizjummaybızmı? jummaymıbız?aren't we closing? | sizjummaymısız?aren't you all closing? | alajummaymıdıla?aren't they closing? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjumuwçanmaI usually close | senjumuwçansayou usually close | oljumuwçandıhe usually closes | bizjumuwçanbızwe usually close | sizjumuwçansızyou all usually close | alajumuwçandılathey usually close |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjummawçanmaI usually don't close | senjummawçansayou usually don't close | oljummawçandıhe usually doesn't close | bizjummawçanbızwe usually don't close | sizjummawçansızyou all usually don't close | alajummawçandılathey usually don't close |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjumuwçanmamı? jumuwçanmıma?do I usually close? | senjumuwçanmısa?do you usually close? | oljumuwçanmıdı?does he usually close? | bizjumuwçanbızmı? jumuwçanmıbız?do we usually close? | sizjumuwçanmısız?do you all usually close? | alajumuwçanmıdıla?do they usually close? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjummawçanmamı? jummawçanmıma?do I usually not close? | senjummawçanmısa?do you usually not close? | oljummawçanmıdı?does he usually not close? | bizjummawçanbızmı? jummawçanmıbız?do we usually not close? | sizjummawçanmısız?do you all usually not close? | alajummawçanmıdıla?do they usually not close? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljumubduhe has closed and remains so | alajumubdulathey have closed and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljumubmudu?has he closed? | alajumubmudula?have they closed? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjumub turamaI keep closing | senjumub turasayou keep closing | oljumub turadıhe keeps closing | bizjumub turabızwe keep closing | sizjumub turasızyou all keep closing | alajumub turadılathey keep closing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjumub turmaymaI don't keep closing | senjumub turmaysayou don't keep closing | oljumub turmaydıhe doesn't keep closing | bizjumub turmaybızwe don't keep closing | sizjumub turmaysızyou all don't keep closing | alajumub turmaydılathey don't keep closing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjumub turamamı? jumub turamıma?do I keep closing? | senjumub turamısa?do you keep closing? | oljumub turamıdı?does he keep closing? | bizjumub turabızmı? jumub turamıbız?do we keep closing? | sizjumub turamısız?do you all keep closing? | alajumub turamıdıla?do they keep closing? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjumub turmaymamı? jumub turmaymıma?don't I keep closing? | senjumub turmaymısa?don't you keep closing? | oljumub turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep closing? | bizjumub turmaybızmı? jumub turmaymıbız?don't we keep closing? | sizjumub turmaymısız?don't you all keep closing? | alajumub turmaymıdıla?don't they keep closing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjuma turamaI am in the middle of closing | senjuma turasayou are in the middle of closing | oljuma turadıhe is in the middle of closing | bizjuma turabızwe are in the middle of closing | sizjuma turasızyou all are in the middle of closing | alajuma turadılathey are in the middle of closing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjuma turmaymaI am not in the middle of closing | senjuma turmaysayou are not in the middle of closing | oljuma turmaydıhe is not in the middle of closing | bizjuma turmaybızwe are not in the middle of closing | sizjuma turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of closing | alajuma turmaydılathey are not in the middle of closing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjuma turamamı? juma turamıma?am I in the middle of closing? | senjuma turamısa?are you in the middle of closing? | oljuma turamıdı?is he in the middle of closing? | bizjuma turabızmı? juma turamıbız?are we in the middle of closing? | sizjuma turamısız?are you all in the middle of closing? | alajuma turamıdıla?are they in the middle of closing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjuma turmaymamı? juma turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of closing? | senjuma turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of closing? | oljuma turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of closing? | bizjuma turmaybızmı? juma turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of closing? | sizjuma turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of closing? | alajuma turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of closing? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjumdumI closed | senjumduŋyou closed | oljumduhe closed | bizjumduqwe closed | sizjumduğuzyou all closed | alajumdulathey closed |
| Simple past (definite) | menjummadımI didn't close | senjummadıŋyou didn't close | oljummadıhe didn't close | bizjummadıqwe didn't close | sizjummadığızyou all didn't close | alajummadılathey didn't close |
| Simple past (definite) | menjumdummu?did I close? | senjumduŋmu?did you close? | oljumdumu?did he close? | bizjumduqmu?did we close? | sizjumduğuzmu?did you all close? | alajumdulamı?did they close? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjummadımmı?didn't I close? | senjummadıŋmı?didn't you close? | oljummadımı?didn't he close? | bizjummadıqmı?didn't we close? | sizjummadığızmı?didn't you all close? | alajummadılamı?didn't they close? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjumğanmaI have closed | senjumğansayou have closed | oljumğandıhe has closed | bizjumğanbızwe have closed | sizjumğansızyou all have closed | alajumğandılathey have closed |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjummağanmaI haven't closed | senjummağansayou haven't closed | oljummağandıhe hasn't closed | bizjummağanbızwe haven't closed | sizjummağansızyou all haven't closed | alajummağandılathey haven't closed |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjumğanmamı? jumğanmıma?have I closed? | senjumğanmısa?have you closed? | oljumğanmıdı?has he closed? | bizjumğanbızmı? jumğanmıbız?have we closed? | sizjumğanmısız?have you all closed? | alajumğanmıdıla?have they closed? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjummağanmamı? jummağanmıma?haven't I closed? | senjummağanmısa?haven't you closed? | oljummağanmıdı?hasn't he closed? | bizjummağanbızmı? jummağanmıbız?haven't we closed? | sizjummağanmısız?haven't you all closed? | alajummağanmıdıla?haven't they closed? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjumub turdumI kept closing | senjumub turduŋyou kept closing | oljumub turduhe kept closing | bizjumub turduqwe kept closing | sizjumub turduğuzyou all kept closing | alajumub turdulathey kept closing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjumub turmadımI didn't keep closing | senjumub turmadıŋyou didn't keep closing | oljumub turmadıhe didn't keep closing | bizjumub turmadıqwe didn't keep closing | sizjumub turmadığızyou all didn't keep closing | alajumub turmadılathey didn't keep closing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjumarmaI will close | senjumarsayou will close | oljumarhe will close | bizjumarbızwe will close | sizjumarsızyou all will close | alajumarlathey will close |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjummazmaI won't close | senjummazsayou won't close | oljummazhe won't close | bizjummazbızwe won't close | sizjummazsızyou all won't close | alajummazlathey won't close |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjumarmamı? jumarmıma?will I close? | senjumarmısa?will you close? | oljumarmı?will he close? | bizjumarbızmı? jumarmıbız?will we close? | sizjumarmısız?will you all close? | alajumarlamı? jumarmıla?will they close? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjummazmamı? jummazmıma?won't I close? | senjummazmısa?won't you close? | oljummazmı?won't he close? | bizjummazbızmı? jummazmıbız?won't we close? | sizjummazmısız?won't you all close? | alajummazlamı? jummazmıla?won't they close? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjumarıqmaI am going to close | senjumarıqsayou are going to close | oljumarıqdıhe is going to close | bizjumarıqbızwe are going to close | sizjumarıqsızyou all are going to close | alajumarıqdılathey are going to close |
| Definite future (future II) | menjumarıq tülmeI am not going to close | senjumarıq tülseyou are not going to close | oljumarıq tüldühe is not going to close | bizjumarıq tülbüzwe are not going to close | sizjumarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to close | alajumarıq tüldülethey are not going to close |
| Definite future (future II) | menjumarıqmamı? jumarıqmıma?am I going to close? | senjumarıqmısa?are you going to close? | oljumarıqmıdı?is he going to close? | bizjumarıqbızmı? jumarıqmıbız?are we going to close? | sizjumarıqmısız?are you all going to close? | alajumarıqmıdıla?are they going to close? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjumarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to close? | senjumarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to close? | oljumarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to close? | bizjumarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to close? | sizjumarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to close? | alajumarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to close? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjumğan edimjumğanemI had closed | senjumğan ediŋjumğaneŋyou had closed | oljumğan edijumğanedhe had closed | bizjumğan edikjumğanekwe had closed | sizjumğan edigizjumğanegizyou all had closed | alajumğan edilejumğanellethey had closed |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjummağan edimjummağanemI hadn't closed | senjummağan ediŋjummağaneŋyou hadn't closed | oljummağan edijummağanedhe hadn't closed | bizjummağan edikjummağanekwe hadn't closed | sizjummağan edigizjummağanegizyou all hadn't closed | alajummağan edilejummağanellethey hadn't closed |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjuma edimjumaemI was closing | senjuma ediŋjumaeŋyou were closing | oljuma edijumaedhe was closing | bizjuma edikjumaekwe were closing | sizjuma edigizjumaegizyou all were closing | alajuma edilejumaellethey were closing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjummay edimjummayemI wasn't closing | senjummay ediŋjummayeŋyou weren't closing | oljummay edijummayedhe wasn't closing | bizjummay edikjummayekwe weren't closing | sizjummay edigizjummayegizyou all weren't closing | alajummay edilejummayellethey weren't closing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menjumuwçan edimjumuwçanemI used to close | senjumuwçan ediŋjumuwçaneŋyou used to close | oljumuwçan edijumuwçanedhe used to close | bizjumuwçan edikjumuwçanekwe used to close | sizjumuwçan edigizjumuwçanegizyou all used to close | alajumuwçan edilejumuwçanellethey used to close |
| Habitual past (used to) | menjummawçan edimjummawçanemI didn't use to close | senjummawçan ediŋjummawçaneŋyou didn't use to close | oljummawçan edijummawçanedhe didn't use to close | bizjummawçan edikjummawçanekwe didn't use to close | sizjummawçan edigizjummawçanegizyou all didn't use to close | alajummawçan edilejummawçanellethey didn't use to close |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljumub edihe had closed and remained so | alajumub edilethey had closed and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljumub tül edihe hadn't closed | alajumub tül edilethey hadn't closed | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjumub tura edimjumub turaemI had kept closing | senjumub tura ediŋjumub turaeŋyou had kept closing | oljumub tura edijumub turaedhe had kept closing | bizjumub tura edikjumub turaekwe had kept closing | sizjumub tura edigizjumub turaegizyou all had kept closing | alajumub tura edilejumub turaellethey had kept closing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjumub turmay edimjumub turmayemI hadn't kept closing | senjumub turmay ediŋjumub turmayeŋyou hadn't kept closing | oljumub turmay edijumub turmayedhe hadn't kept closing | bizjumub turmay edikjumub turmayekwe hadn't kept closing | sizjumub turmay edigizjumub turmayegizyou all hadn't kept closing | alajumub turmay edilejumub turmayellethey hadn't kept closing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjuma tura edimjuma turaemI was in the middle of closing | senjuma tura ediŋjuma turaeŋyou were in the middle of closing | oljuma tura edijuma turaedhe was in the middle of closing | bizjuma tura edikjuma turaekwe were in the middle of closing | sizjuma tura edigizjuma turaegizyou all were in the middle of closing | alajuma tura edilejuma turaellethey were in the middle of closing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjuma turmay edimjuma turmayemI wasn't in the middle of closing | senjuma turmay ediŋjuma turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of closing | oljuma turmay edijuma turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of closing | bizjuma turmay edikjuma turmayekwe weren't in the middle of closing | sizjuma turmay edigizjuma turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of closing | alajuma turmay edilejuma turmayellethey weren't in the middle of closing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menjumar edimjumar emI would close | senjumar ediŋjumar eŋyou would close | oljumar edijumar edhe would close | bizjumar edikjumar ekwe would close | sizjumar edigizjumar egizyou all would close | alajumar edilejumar ellethey would close |
| Conditional result (would) | menjummaz edimjummaz emI wouldn't close | senjummaz ediŋjummaz eŋyou wouldn't close | oljummaz edijummaz edhe wouldn't close | bizjummaz edikjummaz ekwe wouldn't close | sizjummaz edigizjummaz egizyou all wouldn't close | alajummaz edilejummaz ellethey wouldn't close |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjumarıq edimjumarıq emI would have closed | senjumarıq ediŋjumarıq eŋyou would have closed | oljumarıq edijumarıq edhe would have closed | bizjumarıq edikjumarıq ekwe would have closed | sizjumarıq edigizjumarıq egizyou all would have closed | alajumarıq edilejumarıq ellethey would have closed |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjumarıq tül edimjumarıq tül emI wouldn't have closed | senjumarıq tül ediŋjumarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have closed | oljumarıq tül edijumarıq tül edhe wouldn't have closed | bizjumarıq tül edikjumarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have closed | sizjumarıq tül edigizjumarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have closed | alajumarıq tül edilejumarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have closed |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menjumsamif I close | senjumsaŋif you close | oljumsaif he closes | bizjumsaqif we close | sizjumsağızif you all close | alajumsalaif they close |
| Conditional | menjummasamif I don't close | senjummasaŋif you don't close | oljummasaif he doesn't close | bizjummasaqif we don't close | sizjummasağızif you all don't close | alajummasalaif they don't close |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menjuma esemif I am closing | senjuma eseŋif you are closing | oljuma eseif he is closing | bizjuma esekif we are closing | sizjuma esegizif you all are closing | alajuma eseleif they are closing |
| Conditional, present real | menjummay esemif I am not closing | senjummay eseŋif you are not closing | oljummay eseif he is not closing | bizjummay esekif we are not closing | sizjummay esegizif you all are not closing | alajummay eseleif they are not closing |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjumsam edijumsam edif only I closed | senjumsaŋ edijumsaŋ edif only you closed | oljumsa edijumsaedif only he closed | bizjumsaq edijumsaq edif only we closed | sizjumsağız edijumsağız edif only you all closed | alajumsala edijumsalaedif only they closed |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjummasam edijummasam edif only I didn't close | senjummasaŋ edijummasaŋ edif only you didn't close | oljummasa edijummasaedif only he didn't close | bizjummasaq edijummasaq edif only we didn't close | sizjummasağız edijummasağız edif only you all didn't close | alajummasala edijummasalaedif only they didn't close |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menjumub tursamif I carry on closing | senjumub tursaŋif you carry on closing | oljumub tursaif he carries on closing | bizjumub tursaqif we carry on closing | sizjumub tursağızif you all carry on closing | alajumub tursalaif they carry on closing |
| Durative conditional | menjumub turmasamif I don't carry on closing | senjumub turmasaŋif you don't carry on closing | oljumub turmasaif he doesn't carry on closing | bizjumub turmasaqif we don't carry on closing | sizjumub turmasağızif you all don't carry on closing | alajumub turmasalaif they don't carry on closing |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menjumub tura esemif I have kept closing | senjumub tura eseŋif you have kept closing | oljumub tura eseif he has kept closing | bizjumub tura esekif we have kept closing | sizjumub tura esegizif you all have kept closing | alajumub tura eseleif they have kept closing |
| Durative conditional, present real | menjumub turmay esemif I haven't kept closing | senjumub turmay eseŋif you haven't kept closing | oljumub turmay eseif he hasn't kept closing | bizjumub turmay esekif we haven't kept closing | sizjumub turmay esegizif you all haven't kept closing | alajumub turmay eseleif they haven't kept closing |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menjuma tursamif I keep closing | senjuma tursaŋif you keep closing | oljuma tursaif he keeps closing | bizjuma tursaqif we keep closing | sizjuma tursağızif you all keep closing | alajuma tursalaif they keep closing |
| Progressive conditional | menjummay tursamif I keep on not closing | senjummay tursaŋif you keep on not closing | oljummay tursaif he keeps on not closing | bizjummay tursaqif we keep on not closing | sizjummay tursağızif you all keep on not closing | alajummay tursalaif they keep on not closing |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjuma tura esemif I am in the middle of closing | senjuma tura eseŋif you are in the middle of closing | oljuma tura eseif he is in the middle of closing | bizjuma tura esekif we are in the middle of closing | sizjuma tura esegizif you all are in the middle of closing | alajuma tura eseleif they are in the middle of closing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjummay tura esemif I keep on not closing | senjummay tura eseŋif you keep on not closing | oljummay tura eseif he keeps on not closing | bizjummay tura esekif we keep on not closing | sizjummay tura esegizif you all keep on not closing | alajummay tura eseleif they keep on not closing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menjumdum esemif I closed | senjumduŋ eseŋif you closed | oljumdu eseif he closed | bizjumduq esekif we closed | sizjumduğuz esegizif you all closed | alajumdula eseleif they closed |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menjummadım esemif I didn't close | senjummadıŋ eseŋif you didn't close | oljummadı eseif he didn't close | bizjummadıq esekif we didn't close | sizjummadığız esegizif you all didn't close | alajummadıla eseleif they didn't close |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menjumğan esemif I did close (indeed) | senjumğan eseŋif you did close (indeed) | oljumğan eseif he did close (indeed) | bizjumğan esekif we did close (indeed) | sizjumğan esegizif you all did close (indeed) | alajumğan eseleif they did close (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menjummağan esemif I didn't close (indeed) | senjummağan eseŋif you didn't close (indeed) | oljummağan eseif he didn't close (indeed) | bizjummağan esekif we didn't close (indeed) | sizjummağan esegizif you all didn't close (indeed) | alajummağan eseleif they didn't close (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjumğan bolsamif I had closed | senjumğan bolsaŋif you had closed | oljumğan bolsaif he had closed | bizjumğan bolsaqif we had closed | sizjumğan bolsağızif you all had closed | alajumğan bolsalaif they had closed |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjummağan bolsamif I hadn't closed | senjummağan bolsaŋif you hadn't closed | oljummağan bolsaif he hadn't closed | bizjummağan bolsaqif we hadn't closed | sizjummağan bolsağızif you all hadn't closed | alajummağan bolsalaif they hadn't closed |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjumğan bolsam edijumğan bolsam edif only I had closed | senjumğan bolsaŋ edijumğan bolsaŋ edif only you had closed | oljumğan bolsa edijumğan bolsaedif only he had closed | bizjumğan bolsaq edijumğan bolsaq edif only we had closed | sizjumğan bolsağız edijumğan bolsağız edif only you all had closed | alajumğan bolsala edijumğan bolsalaedif only they had closed |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjummağan bolsam edijummağan bolsam edif only I hadn't closed | senjummağan bolsaŋ edijummağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't closed | oljummağan bolsa edijummağan bolsaedif only he hadn't closed | bizjummağan bolsaq edijummağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't closed | sizjummağan bolsağız edijummağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't closed | alajummağan bolsala edijummağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't closed |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menjumar esemif I will close | senjumar eseŋif you will close | oljumar eseif he will close | bizjumar esekif we will close | sizjumar esegizif you all will close | alajumar eseleif they will close |
| Conditional, aorist | menjummaz esemif I won't close | senjummaz eseŋif you won't close | oljummaz eseif he won't close | bizjummaz esekif we won't close | sizjummaz esegizif you all won't close | alajummaz eseleif they won't close |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menjumarıq esemif I am going to close | senjumarıq eseŋif you are going to close | oljumarıq eseif he is going to close | bizjumarıq esekif we are going to close | sizjumarıq esegizif you all are going to close | alajumarıq eseleif they are going to close |
| Conditional, future | menjumarıq tül esemif I am not going to close | senjumarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to close | oljumarıq tül eseif he is not going to close | bizjumarıq tül esekif we are not going to close | sizjumarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to close | alajumarıq tül eseleif they are not going to close |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjumarıq bolsamif I were going to close | senjumarıq bolsaŋif you were going to close | oljumarıq bolsaif he were going to close | bizjumarıq bolsaqif we were going to close | sizjumarıq bolsağızif you all were going to close | alajumarıq bolsalaif they were going to close |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjummazlıq bolsamif I were not going to close | senjummazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to close | oljummazlıq bolsaif he were not going to close | bizjummazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to close | sizjummazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to close | alajummazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to close |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso jumduŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjuma bolurmaI must be closing | senjuma bolursayou must be closing | oljuma bolurhe must be closing | bizjuma bolurbuzwe must be closing | sizjuma bolursuzyou all must be closing | alajuma bolurlathey must be closing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjummay bolurmaI must not be closing | senjummay bolursayou must not be closing | oljummay bolurhe must not be closing | bizjummay bolurbuzwe must not be closing | sizjummay bolursuzyou all must not be closing | alajummay bolurlathey must not be closing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjuma tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of closing | senjuma tura bolursayou must be in the middle of closing | oljuma tura bolurhe must be in the middle of closing | bizjuma tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of closing | sizjuma tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of closing | alajuma tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of closing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjummay tura bolurmaI must keep on not closing | senjummay tura bolursayou must keep on not closing | oljummay tura bolurhe must keep on not closing | bizjummay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not closing | sizjummay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not closing | alajummay tura bolurlathey must keep on not closing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menjumğan bolurmaI must have closed | senjumğan bolursayou must have closed | oljumğan bolurhe must have closed | bizjumğan bolurbuzwe must have closed | sizjumğan bolursuzyou all must have closed | alajumğan bolurlathey must have closed |
| Inference (must have) | menjummağan bolurmaI must not have closed | senjummağan bolursayou must not have closed | oljummağan bolurhe must not have closed | bizjummağan bolurbuzwe must not have closed | sizjummağan bolursuzyou all must not have closed | alajummağan bolurlathey must not have closed |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjumarıq bolurmaI must be going to close | senjumarıq bolursayou must be going to close | oljumarıq bolurhe must be going to close | bizjumarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to close | sizjumarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to close | alajumarıq bolurlathey must be going to close |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjummazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to close | senjummazlıq bolursayou must not be going to close | oljummazlıq bolurhe must not be going to close | bizjummazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to close | sizjummazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to close | alajummazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to close |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menjumayımlet me close | senjum!close! | oljumsunlet him close | bizjumayıqlet's close | sizjumuğuz!close, you all! | alajumsunlalet them close |
| Commands & suggestions | menjummayımlet me not close | senjumma!don't close! | oljummasınlet him not close | bizjummayıqlet's not close | sizjummağız!don't close, you all! | alajummasınlalet them not close |
| Commands & suggestions | menjumayımmı?shall I close? | oljumsunmu?should he close? | bizjumayıqmı?shall we close? | alajumsunlamı?should they close? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menjummayımmı?shall I not close? | oljummasınmı?should he not close? | bizjummayıqmı?shall we not close? | alajummasınlamı?should they not close? | ||
| Requests | senjumçu2jumçunplease close | oljumsunçudo let him close | sizjumçuğuzplease close (plural/polite) | alajumsunlaçıdo let them close | ||
| Requests | senjummaçı2jummaçınplease don't close | oljummasınçıdo let him not close | sizjummaçığızplease don't close (plural/polite) | alajummasınlaçıdo let them not close | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjumğunjumğumay you close | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjummağınjummağımay you not close | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjumğay edim jumğa edimwould that I closed | senjumğay ediŋ jumğa ediŋwould that you closed | oljumğay edi jumğa ediwould that he closed | bizjumğay edik jumğa edikwould that we closed | sizjumğay edigiz jumğa edigizwould that you all closed | alajumğay edile jumğa edilewould that they closed |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjummağay edim jummağa edimwould that I did not close | senjummağay ediŋ jummağa ediŋwould that you did not close | oljummağay edi jummağa ediwould that he did not close | bizjummağay edik jummağa edikwould that we did not close | sizjummağay edigiz jummağa edigizwould that you all did not close | alajummağay edile jummağa edilewould that they did not close |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjummağa qoyayımjumma qoyayımlet me allow someone to close | senjummağa qoy!jumma qoy!let someone close! | oljummağa qoysunjumma qoysunlet him allow someone to close | bizjummağa qoyayıqjumma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to close | sizjummağa qoyuğuz!jumma qoyuğuz!let someone close, you all! | alajummağa qoysunlajumma qoysunlalet them allow someone to close |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjummağa qoymayımjumma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to close | senjummağa qoyma!jumma qoyma!don't let someone close! | oljummağa qoymasınjumma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to close | bizjummağa qoymayıqjumma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to close | sizjummağa qoymağız!jumma qoymağız!don't let someone close, you all! | alajummağa qoymasınlajumma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to close |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjummağa qoyayımmı?jumma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to close? | oljummağa qoysunmu?jumma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to close? | bizjummağa qoyayıqmı?jumma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to close? | alajummağa qoysunlamı?jumma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to close? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjummağa qoymayımmı?jumma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to close? | oljummağa qoymasınmı?jumma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to close? | bizjummağa qoymayıqmı?jumma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to close? | alajummağa qoymasınlamı?jumma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to close? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menjummağa qoyamajumma qoyamaI allow someone to close | senjummağa qoyasajumma qoyasayou allow someone to close | oljummağa qoyadıjumma qoyadıhe allows someone to close | bizjummağa qoyabızjumma qoyabızwe allow someone to close | sizjummağa qoyasızjumma qoyasızyou all allow someone to close | alajummağa qoyadılajumma qoyadılathey allow someone to close |
| Let someone… (present) | menjummağa qoymaymajumma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to close | senjummağa qoymaysajumma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to close | oljummağa qoymaydıjumma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to close | bizjummağa qoymaybızjumma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to close | sizjummağa qoymaysızjumma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to close | alajummağa qoymaydılajumma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to close |
| Let someone… (present) | menjummağa qoyamamı?jumma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to close? | senjummağa qoyamısa?jumma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to close? | oljummağa qoyamıdı?jumma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to close? | bizjummağa qoyabızmı?jumma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to close? | sizjummağa qoyamısız?jumma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to close? | alajummağa qoyamıdıla?jumma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to close? |
| Let someone… (present) | menjummağa qoymaymamı?jumma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to close? | senjummağa qoymaymısa?jumma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to close? | oljummağa qoymaymıdı?jumma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to close? | bizjummağa qoymaybızmı?jumma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to close? | sizjummağa qoymaymısız?jumma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to close? | alajummağa qoymaymıdıla?jumma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to close? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjummağa qoydumjumma qoydumI allowed someone to close | senjummağa qoyduŋjumma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to close | oljummağa qoydujumma qoyduhe allowed someone to close | bizjummağa qoyduqjumma qoyduqwe allowed someone to close | sizjummağa qoyduğuzjumma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to close | alajummağa qoydulajumma qoydulathey allowed someone to close |
| Let someone… (past) | menjummağa qoymadımjumma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to close | senjummağa qoymadıŋjumma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to close | oljummağa qoymadıjumma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to close | bizjummağa qoymadıqjumma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to close | sizjummağa qoymadığızjumma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to close | alajummağa qoymadılajumma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to close |
| Let someone… (past) | menjummağa qoydummu?jumma qoydummu?did I allow someone to close? | senjummağa qoyduŋmu?jumma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to close? | oljummağa qoydumu?jumma qoydumu?did he allow someone to close? | bizjummağa qoyduqmu?jumma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to close? | sizjummağa qoyduğuzmu?jumma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to close? | alajummağa qoydulamı?jumma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to close? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjummağa qoymadımmı?jumma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to close? | senjummağa qoymadıŋmı?jumma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to close? | oljummağa qoymadımı?jumma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to close? | bizjummağa qoymadıqmı?jumma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to close? | sizjummağa qoymadığızmı?jumma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to close? | alajummağa qoymadılamı?jumma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to close? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
jumalırğa be able to close · jumalmazğa be unable to close
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menjumalamaI can close | senjumalasayou can close | oljumaladıhe can close | bizjumalabızwe can close | sizjumalasızyou all can close | alajumaladılathey can close |
| Ability — present | menjumalmaymaI can't close | senjumalmaysayou can't close | oljumalmaydıhe can't close | bizjumalmaybızwe can't close | sizjumalmaysızyou all can't close | alajumalmaydılathey can't close |
| Ability — present | menjumalamamı? jumalamıma?can I close? | senjumalamısa?can you close? | oljumalamıdı?can he close? | bizjumalabızmı? jumalamıbız?can we close? | sizjumalamısız?can you all close? | alajumalamıdıla?can they close? |
| Ability — present | menjumalmaymamı? jumalmaymıma?can't I close? | senjumalmaymısa?can't you close? | oljumalmaymıdı?can't he close? | bizjumalmaybızmı? jumalmaymıbız?can't we close? | sizjumalmaymısız?can't you all close? | alajumalmaymıdıla?can't they close? |
| Ability — if I can… | menjumalsamif I can close | senjumalsaŋif you can close | oljumalsaif he can close | bizjumalsaqif we can close | sizjumalsağızif you all can close | alajumalsalaif they can close |
| Ability — if I can… | menjumalmasamif I can't close | senjumalmasaŋif you can't close | oljumalmasaif he can't close | bizjumalmasaqif we can't close | sizjumalmasağızif you all can't close | alajumalmasalaif they can't close |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menjumaldımI was able to close | senjumaldıŋyou were able to close | oljumaldıhe was able to close | bizjumaldıqwe were able to close | sizjumaldığızyou all were able to close | alajumaldılathey were able to close |
| Ability — simple past | menjumalmadımI could not close | senjumalmadıŋyou could not close | oljumalmadıhe could not close | bizjumalmadıqwe could not close | sizjumalmadığızyou all could not close | alajumalmadılathey could not close |
| Ability — simple past | menjumaldımmı?was I able to close? | senjumaldıŋmı?were you able to close? | oljumaldımı?was he able to close? | bizjumaldıqmı?were we able to close? | sizjumaldığızmı?were you all able to close? | alajumaldılamı?were they able to close? |
| Ability — simple past | menjumalmadımmı?couldn't I close? | senjumalmadıŋmı?couldn't you close? | oljumalmadımı?couldn't he close? | bizjumalmadıqmı?couldn't we close? | sizjumalmadığızmı?couldn't you all close? | alajumalmadılamı?couldn't they close? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjumalğanmaI have been able to close | senjumalğansayou have been able to close | oljumalğandıhe has been able to close | bizjumalğanbızwe have been able to close | sizjumalğansızyou all have been able to close | alajumalğandılathey have been able to close |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjumalmağanmaI haven't been able to close | senjumalmağansayou haven't been able to close | oljumalmağandıhe hasn't been able to close | bizjumalmağanbızwe haven't been able to close | sizjumalmağansızyou all haven't been able to close | alajumalmağandılathey haven't been able to close |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjumalğanmamı? jumalğanmıma?have I been able to close? | senjumalğanmısa?have you been able to close? | oljumalğanmıdı?has he been able to close? | bizjumalğanbızmı? jumalğanmıbız?have we been able to close? | sizjumalğanmısız?have you all been able to close? | alajumalğanmıdıla?have they been able to close? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjumalmağanmamı? jumalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to close? | senjumalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to close? | oljumalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to close? | bizjumalmağanbızmı? jumalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to close? | sizjumalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to close? | alajumalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to close? |
| Ability — past perfect | menjumalğan edimjumalğanemI had been able to close | senjumalğan ediŋjumalğaneŋyou had been able to close | oljumalğan edijumalğanedhe had been able to close | bizjumalğan edikjumalğanekwe had been able to close | sizjumalğan edigizjumalğanegizyou all had been able to close | alajumalğan edilejumalğanellethey had been able to close |
| Ability — past perfect | menjumalmağan edimjumalmağanemI hadn't been able to close | senjumalmağan ediŋjumalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to close | oljumalmağan edijumalmağanedhe hadn't been able to close | bizjumalmağan edikjumalmağanekwe hadn't been able to close | sizjumalmağan edigizjumalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to close | alajumalmağan edilejumalmağanellethey hadn't been able to close |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menjumala edimjumalaemI could close | senjumala ediŋjumalaeŋyou could close | oljumala edijumalaedhe could close | bizjumala edikjumalaekwe could close | sizjumala edigizjumalaegizyou all could close | alajumala edilejumalaellethey could close |
| Ability — past background | menjumalmay edimjumalmayemI could not close | senjumalmay ediŋjumalmayeŋyou could not close | oljumalmay edijumalmayedhe could not close | bizjumalmay edikjumalmayekwe could not close | sizjumalmay edigizjumalmayegizyou all could not close | alajumalmay edilejumalmayellethey could not close |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menjumalırmaI will be able to close | senjumalırsayou will be able to close | oljumalırhe will be able to close | bizjumalırbızwe will be able to close | sizjumalırsızyou all will be able to close | alajumalırlathey will be able to close |
| Ability — future I | menjumalmazmaI won't be able to close | senjumalmazsayou won't be able to close | oljumalmazhe won't be able to close | bizjumalmazbızwe won't be able to close | sizjumalmazsızyou all won't be able to close | alajumalmazlathey won't be able to close |
| Ability — future I | menjumalırmamı? jumalırmıma?will I be able to close? | senjumalırmısa?will you be able to close? | oljumalırmı?will he be able to close? | bizjumalırbızmı? jumalırmıbız?will we be able to close? | sizjumalırmısız?will you all be able to close? | alajumalırlamı? jumalırmıla?will they be able to close? |
| Ability — future I | menjumalmazmamı? jumalmazmıma?won't I be able to close? | senjumalmazmısa?won't you be able to close? | oljumalmazmı?won't he be able to close? | bizjumalmazbızmı? jumalmazmıbız?won't we be able to close? | sizjumalmazmısız?won't you all be able to close? | alajumalmazlamı? jumalmazmıla?won't they be able to close? |
| Ability — future II | menjumallıqmaI am going to be able to close | senjumallıqsayou are going to be able to close | oljumallıqdıhe is going to be able to close | bizjumallıqbızwe are going to be able to close | sizjumallıqsızyou all are going to be able to close | alajumallıqdılathey are going to be able to close |
| Ability — future II | menjumallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to close | senjumallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to close | oljumallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to close | bizjumallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to close | sizjumallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to close | alajumallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to close |
| Ability — future II | menjumallıqmamı? jumallıqmıma?am I going to be able to close? | senjumallıqmısa?are you going to be able to close? | oljumallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to close? | bizjumallıqbızmı? jumallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to close? | sizjumallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to close? | alajumallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to close? |
| Ability — future II | menjumallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to close? | senjumallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to close? | oljumallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to close? | bizjumallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to close? | sizjumallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to close? | alajumallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to close? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjumalır edimjumalır emI would be able to close | senjumalır ediŋjumalır eŋyou would be able to close | oljumalır edijumalır edhe would be able to close | bizjumalır edikjumalır ekwe would be able to close | sizjumalır edigizjumalır egizyou all would be able to close | alajumalır edilejumalır ellethey would be able to close |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjumalmaz edimjumalmaz emI wouldn't be able to close | senjumalmaz ediŋjumalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to close | oljumalmaz edijumalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to close | bizjumalmaz edikjumalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to close | sizjumalmaz edigizjumalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to close | alajumalmaz edilejumalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to close |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjumalğınjumalğımay you be able to close | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjumalmağınjumalmağımay you not be able to close | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menjumarğa izleymeI want to close | senjumarğa izleyseyou want to close | oljumarğa izleydihe wants to close | bizjumarğa izleybizwe want to close | sizjumarğa izleysizyou all want to close | alajumarğa izleydilethey want to close |
| want to | menjumarğa izlemeymeI do not want to close | senjumarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to close | oljumarğa izlemeydihe does not want to close | bizjumarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to close | sizjumarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to close | alajumarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to close |
| would like to | menjumarğa süemeI would like to close | senjumarğa süeseyou would like to close | oljumarğa süedihe would like to close | bizjumarğa süebizwe would like to close | sizjumarğa süesizyou all would like to close | alajumarğa süedilethey would like to close |
| would like to | menjumarğa süymeymeI would not like to close | senjumarğa süymeyseyou would not like to close | oljumarğa süymeydihe would not like to close | bizjumarğa süymeybizwe would not like to close | sizjumarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to close | alajumarğa süymeydilethey would not like to close |
| hope to | menjumarğa umutlanamaI hope to close | senjumarğa umutlanasayou hope to close | oljumarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to close | bizjumarğa umutlanabızwe hope to close | sizjumarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to close | alajumarğa umutlanadılathey hope to close |
| hope to | menjumarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to close | senjumarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to close | oljumarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to close | bizjumarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to close | sizjumarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to close | alajumarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to close |
| be about to | menjumarğa deb turamaI am about to close | senjumarğa deb turasayou are about to close | oljumarğa deb turadıhe is about to close | bizjumarğa deb turabızwe are about to close | sizjumarğa deb turasızyou all are about to close | alajumarğa deb turadılathey are about to close |
| be about to | menjumarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to close | senjumarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to close | oljumarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to close | bizjumarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to close | sizjumarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to close | alajumarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to close |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menjumarğa kerekmeI need to close | senjumarğa kerekseyou need to close | oljumarğa kerekdihe needs to close | bizjumarğa kerekbizwe need to close | sizjumarğa kereksizyou all need to close | alajumarğa kerekdilethey need to close |
| need to | menjumarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to close | senjumarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to close | oljumarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to close | bizjumarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to close | sizjumarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to close | alajumarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to close |
| have to | menmenŋe jumarğa tüşediI have to close | sensenŋe jumarğa tüşediyou have to close | olaŋa jumarğa tüşedihe has to close | bizbizge jumarğa tüşediwe have to close | sizsizge jumarğa tüşediyou all have to close | alaalağa jumarğa tüşedithey have to close |
| have to | menmenŋe jumarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to close | sensenŋe jumarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to close | olaŋa jumarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to close | bizbizge jumarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to close | sizsizge jumarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to close | alaalağa jumarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to close |
| be obliged to | menjumarğa borçlumaI am obliged to close | senjumarğa borçlusayou are obliged to close | oljumarğa borçluduhe is obliged to close | bizjumarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to close | sizjumarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to close | alajumarğa borçludulathey are obliged to close |
| be obliged to | menjumarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to close | senjumarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to close | oljumarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to close | bizjumarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to close | sizjumarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to close | alajumarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to close |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menjumarğa madarım bardıI have a way to close | senjumarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to close | oljumarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to close | bizjumarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to close | sizjumarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to close | alajumarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to close |
| have a way to | menjumarğa madarım joqduI have no way to close | senjumarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to close | oljumarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to close | bizjumarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to close | sizjumarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to close | alajumarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to close |
| be free to | menjumarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to close | senjumarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to close | oljumarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to close | bizjumarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to close | sizjumarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to close | alajumarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to close |
| be free to | menjumarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to close | senjumarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to close | oljumarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to close | bizjumarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to close | sizjumarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to close | alajumarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to close |
| be possible to | menmenŋe jumarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to close | sensenŋe jumarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to close | olaŋa jumarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to close | bizbizge jumarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to close | sizsizge jumarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to close | alaalağa jumarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to close |
| be possible to | menmenŋe jumarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to close | sensenŋe jumarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to close | olaŋa jumarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to close | bizbizge jumarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to close | sizsizge jumarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to close | alaalağa jumarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to close |
| be ready to | menjumarğa hazırmaI am ready to close | senjumarğa hazırsayou are ready to close | oljumarğa hazırdıhe is ready to close | bizjumarğa hazırbızwe are ready to close | sizjumarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to close | alajumarğa hazırdılathey are ready to close |
| be ready to | menjumarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to close | senjumarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to close | oljumarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to close | bizjumarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to close | sizjumarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to close | alajumarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to close |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menjumarğa küreşemeI am trying to close | senjumarğa küreşeseyou are trying to close | oljumarğa küreşedihe is trying to close | bizjumarğa küreşebizwe are trying to close | sizjumarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to close | alajumarğa küreşedilethey are trying to close |
| try to | menjumarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to close | senjumarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to close | oljumarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to close | bizjumarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to close | sizjumarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to close | alajumarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to close |
| agree to | menjumarğa unaymaI agree to close | senjumarğa unaysayou agree to close | oljumarğa unaydıhe agrees to close | bizjumarğa unaybızwe agree to close | sizjumarğa unaysızyou all agree to close | alajumarğa unaydılathey agree to close |
| agree to | menjumarğa unamaymaI refuse to close | senjumarğa unamaysayou refuse to close | oljumarğa unamaydıhe refuses to close | bizjumarğa unamaybızwe refuse to close | sizjumarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to close | alajumarğa unamaydılathey refuse to close |
| hurry to | menjumarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to close | senjumarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to close | oljumarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to close | bizjumarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to close | sizjumarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to close | alajumarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to close |
| hurry to | menjumarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to close | senjumarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to close | oljumarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to close | bizjumarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to close | sizjumarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to close | alajumarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to close |
| be afraid to | menjumarğa qorqamaI am afraid to close | senjumarğa qorqasayou are afraid to close | oljumarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to close | bizjumarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to close | sizjumarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to close | alajumarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to close |
| be afraid to | menjumarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to close | senjumarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to close | oljumarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to close | bizjumarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to close | sizjumarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to close | alajumarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to close |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menjuma bolmazmaI can't be closing | senjuma bolmazsayou can't be closing | oljuma bolmazhe can't be closing | bizjuma bolmazbızwe can't be closing | sizjuma bolmazsızyou all can't be closing | alajuma bolmazlathey can't be closing |
| Inference, present — double negation | menjummay bolmazmaI must be closing (emphatic) | senjummay bolmazsayou must be closing (emphatic) | oljummay bolmazhe must be closing (emphatic) | bizjummay bolmazbızwe must be closing (emphatic) | sizjummay bolmazsızyou all must be closing (emphatic) | alajummay bolmazlathey must be closing (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menjuma turmasamif I don't keep closing | senjuma turmasaŋif you don't keep closing | oljuma turmasaif he doesn't keep closing | bizjuma turmasaqif we don't keep closing | sizjuma turmasağızif you all don't keep closing | alajuma turmasalaif they don't keep closing |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menjuma tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of closing | senjuma tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of closing | oljuma tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of closing | bizjuma tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of closing | sizjuma tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of closing | alajuma tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of closing |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menjummay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not closing (emphatic) | senjummay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not closing (emphatic) | oljummay tura bolmazhe must keep on not closing (emphatic) | bizjummay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not closing (emphatic) | sizjummay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not closing (emphatic) | alajummay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not closing (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menjummay turamaI keep on not closing | senjummay turasayou keep on not closing | oljummay turadıhe keeps on not closing | bizjummay turabızwe keep on not closing | sizjummay turasızyou all keep on not closing | alajummay turadılathey keep on not closing |
| Progressive — double negation | menjummay turmaymaI am not keeping on not closing | senjummay turmaysayou are not keeping on not closing | oljummay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not closing | bizjummay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not closing | sizjummay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not closing | alajummay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not closing |
| Progressive — double negation | menjummay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not closing? | senjummay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not closing? | oljummay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not closing? | bizjummay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not closing? | sizjummay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not closing? | alajummay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not closing? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menjumğan bolmazmaI can't have closed | senjumğan bolmazsayou can't have closed | oljumğan bolmazhe can't have closed | bizjumğan bolmazbızwe can't have closed | sizjumğan bolmazsızyou all can't have closed | alajumğan bolmazlathey can't have closed |
| Inference — double negation | menjummağan bolmazmaI must have closed (emphatic) | senjummağan bolmazsayou must have closed (emphatic) | oljummağan bolmazhe must have closed (emphatic) | bizjummağan bolmazbızwe must have closed (emphatic) | sizjummağan bolmazsızyou all must have closed (emphatic) | alajummağan bolmazlathey must have closed (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menjumğan bolmasamif it weren't that I had closed | senjumğan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had closed | oljumğan bolmasaif it weren't that he had closed | bizjumğan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had closed | sizjumğan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had closed | alajumğan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had closed |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menjummağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't closed | senjummağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't closed | oljummağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't closed | bizjummağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't closed | sizjummağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't closed | alajummağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't closed |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menjumarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to close | senjumarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to close | oljumarıq bolmazhe can't be going to close | bizjumarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to close | sizjumarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to close | alajumarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to close |
| Inference, future — double negation | menjummazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to close (emphatic) | senjummazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to close (emphatic) | oljummazlıq bolmazhe must be going to close (emphatic) | bizjummazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to close (emphatic) | sizjummazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to close (emphatic) | alajummazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to close (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menjumarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to close | senjumarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to close | oljumarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to close | bizjumarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to close | sizjumarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to close | alajumarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to close |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menjummazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to close | senjummazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to close | oljummazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to close | bizjummazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to close | sizjummazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to close | alajummazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to close |