basarğa
/basarʁa/
1. step on, tread on, set foot on; trample
- ayağın basarğa — to step on someone's foot
- ayağıŋ bla basarğa — to step with one's foot
- qaŋanı basarğa — to step onto the board
- ayaq basar jer joqdu — there is nowhere to set foot
- men bashan jer içine oyuladı — the place I step on caves in
- ayağıŋı tersine basarğa — to put one's foot down wrong
2. press, push down, squeeze — Also used of working bellows and of pressing the face into something, such as a pillow.
- knopkanı basarğa — to press the button
- jerge basarğa — to press something to the ground
- üsünden basarğa — to press down from above
- çuruq bla basarğa — to press down with a boot
- basıb ezerge — to crush something by pressing
- meni ayağımı basıb awruthandıla — they pressed on my foot and hurt it
- men aŋa basama — I press on it
3. weigh on, oppress, trouble; come over, overwhelm (of fear, grief or other feelings)
- anı buşuw basıb turadı — grief is weighing on him
- anı jüregin qorquw bashandı — fear has taken hold of his heart
- sağış basıb turadı — thoughts are weighing heavily
- üsün qıyınlıq bashandı — hardship has come down on him
4. cover, envelop, overrun, overgrow — Of clouds, fog, snow, floodwater, rust, weeds or forest; also of silence or night settling over a place.
- jolnu qar bashandı — snow has covered the road
- bulutla köknü basdıla — the clouds covered the sky
- sabannı hans bashandı — weeds have overrun the field
- sabanlanı suw bashandı — water has flooded the fields
- tuban basıb keledi — fog is rolling in
- kölnü jağaların qamiş bashandı — reeds have overgrown the lake's shores
- tögerekni quwşuwluq basıb turadı — silence has settled over the surroundings
5. calm, soothe, hold back, suppress
- kesiŋi basarğa — to calm oneself
- açıwuŋu basarğa — to hold back one's anger
- kesimi küçden basdım — I barely restrained myself
- kölün basarğa — to comfort someone, to set someone's mind at rest
- jılab köl basarğa — to ease one's heart by crying
6. felt, full — Of a felt cloak, felt boots or cloth.
- jamçı basarğa — to felt a cloak
- ol jamçı basadı — he is felting a cloak
- uyuq basıb boşarğa — to finish felting boots
- jamçı basıb boşarğa — to finish felting a cloak
7. knead — Of dough or clay.
- tılı basarğa — to knead dough
- topraq basarğa — to knead clay
- anam tılı basadı — my mother kneads dough
- tılını igi basdıla — they kneaded the dough well
- jeŋleriŋi örge çüyürüb tılı basarğa — to roll up one's sleeves and knead dough
8. thresh
- buday basarğa — to thresh wheat
- biz buday basabız — we thresh wheat
- ındır basarğa — to thresh grain on the threshing floor
9. run over, crush — Of a car, tank or other heavy machine.
- tawuqnu maşina basdı — a car ran over the chicken
- maşina itni bashandı — the car has run over the dog
- anı maşina basar — a car will run him over
10. collapse onto, bury, block — Of a rockfall, landslide or cliff. A proverb warns against climbing basar taw, a mountain that may come down. one source
- qaya jolnu basdı — a rock blocked the road
- jar adamlanı bashandı — the cliff has buried the people
- basar tawğa örleme — do not climb a mountain that may collapse
11. seize, capture, occupy — Of a town, fortress or other place.
- asker şaharnı basdı — the army seized the city
- elni basdıla — they occupied the village
- qalanı basdıla — they captured the fortress
12. continue, persist in — Of an action such as talking or keeping silent. one source
- ol haparnı basıb turadı — he keeps on with the story
- jaş haparnı basadı — the young man continues the story
- ol işni basadı — he keeps at the work
13. hit, strike
- anı jayağına basdı — he struck him on the cheek
- ol terezege basdı — he struck the window
- menŋe basdı — he struck at me
- terezege basdı ol — he struck the window
14. eat heartily
- ayranŋa gırjın çançıb basarğa — to wolf down bread crumbled into ayran
- etni basadı — he wolfs down the meat
- jaşla gırjınnı basdıla — the boys wolfed down the bread
- aşnı basıb boşadı — he polished off the food
15. steal
- açhanı bashandı — he has stolen the money
- arpanı basdıla — they stole the barley
- anı basarğa izleydi — he wants to steal it
16. go, come — Of setting foot in a place; mostly used in the negative. one source
- ol bılayğa basmaydı — he does not come here
- bılayğa kişi basmağandı — nobody has set foot here
- beri basmazla — they will not set foot here
Expressions
- kesin basarğa — calm oneself
- adam ayağı basmağan — uninhabited place
- at bashannı jer biledi — only the sufferer knows
- ayağı bashannı közü körmezge — hurry headlong; do unwillingly; beside oneself; overcome with shame
Conjugation
Common forms
- basadıhe is stepping on
- basdıhe stepped on
- bashandıhe has stepped on
- basarhe will step on
- basarıqdıhe is going to step on
- basa edihe was stepping on
- bassaif he steps on
- bas!step on!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbasamaI am stepping on | senbasasayou are stepping on | olbasadıhe is stepping on | bizbasabızwe are stepping on | sizbasasızyou all are stepping on | alabasadılathey are stepping on |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbasmaymaI am not stepping on | senbasmaysayou are not stepping on | olbasmaydıhe is not stepping on | bizbasmaybızwe are not stepping on | sizbasmaysızyou all are not stepping on | alabasmaydılathey are not stepping on |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbasamamı? basamıma?am I stepping on? | senbasamısa?are you stepping on? | olbasamıdı?is he stepping on? | bizbasabızmı? basamıbız?are we stepping on? | sizbasamısız?are you all stepping on? | alabasamıdıla?are they stepping on? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbasmaymamı? basmaymıma?aren't I stepping on? | senbasmaymısa?aren't you stepping on? | olbasmaymıdı?isn't he stepping on? | bizbasmaybızmı? basmaymıbız?aren't we stepping on? | sizbasmaymısız?aren't you all stepping on? | alabasmaymıdıla?aren't they stepping on? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbasıwçanmaI usually step on | senbasıwçansayou usually step on | olbasıwçandıhe usually steps on | bizbasıwçanbızwe usually step on | sizbasıwçansızyou all usually step on | alabasıwçandılathey usually step on |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbasmawçanmaI usually don't step on | senbasmawçansayou usually don't step on | olbasmawçandıhe usually doesn't step on | bizbasmawçanbızwe usually don't step on | sizbasmawçansızyou all usually don't step on | alabasmawçandılathey usually don't step on |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbasıwçanmamı? basıwçanmıma?do I usually step on? | senbasıwçanmısa?do you usually step on? | olbasıwçanmıdı?does he usually step on? | bizbasıwçanbızmı? basıwçanmıbız?do we usually step on? | sizbasıwçanmısız?do you all usually step on? | alabasıwçanmıdıla?do they usually step on? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbasmawçanmamı? basmawçanmıma?do I usually not step on? | senbasmawçanmısa?do you usually not step on? | olbasmawçanmıdı?does he usually not step on? | bizbasmawçanbızmı? basmawçanmıbız?do we usually not step on? | sizbasmawçanmısız?do you all usually not step on? | alabasmawçanmıdıla?do they usually not step on? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olbasıbdıhe has stepped on and remains so | alabasıbdılathey have stepped on and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olbasıbmıdı?has he stepped on? | alabasıbmıdıla?have they stepped on? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbasıb turamaI keep stepping on | senbasıb turasayou keep stepping on | olbasıb turadıhe keeps stepping on | bizbasıb turabızwe keep stepping on | sizbasıb turasızyou all keep stepping on | alabasıb turadılathey keep stepping on |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbasıb turmaymaI don't keep stepping on | senbasıb turmaysayou don't keep stepping on | olbasıb turmaydıhe doesn't keep stepping on | bizbasıb turmaybızwe don't keep stepping on | sizbasıb turmaysızyou all don't keep stepping on | alabasıb turmaydılathey don't keep stepping on |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbasıb turamamı? basıb turamıma?do I keep stepping on? | senbasıb turamısa?do you keep stepping on? | olbasıb turamıdı?does he keep stepping on? | bizbasıb turabızmı? basıb turamıbız?do we keep stepping on? | sizbasıb turamısız?do you all keep stepping on? | alabasıb turamıdıla?do they keep stepping on? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbasıb turmaymamı? basıb turmaymıma?don't I keep stepping on? | senbasıb turmaymısa?don't you keep stepping on? | olbasıb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep stepping on? | bizbasıb turmaybızmı? basıb turmaymıbız?don't we keep stepping on? | sizbasıb turmaymısız?don't you all keep stepping on? | alabasıb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep stepping on? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbasa turamaI am in the middle of stepping on | senbasa turasayou are in the middle of stepping on | olbasa turadıhe is in the middle of stepping on | bizbasa turabızwe are in the middle of stepping on | sizbasa turasızyou all are in the middle of stepping on | alabasa turadılathey are in the middle of stepping on |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbasa turmaymaI am not in the middle of stepping on | senbasa turmaysayou are not in the middle of stepping on | olbasa turmaydıhe is not in the middle of stepping on | bizbasa turmaybızwe are not in the middle of stepping on | sizbasa turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of stepping on | alabasa turmaydılathey are not in the middle of stepping on |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbasa turamamı? basa turamıma?am I in the middle of stepping on? | senbasa turamısa?are you in the middle of stepping on? | olbasa turamıdı?is he in the middle of stepping on? | bizbasa turabızmı? basa turamıbız?are we in the middle of stepping on? | sizbasa turamısız?are you all in the middle of stepping on? | alabasa turamıdıla?are they in the middle of stepping on? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbasa turmaymamı? basa turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of stepping on? | senbasa turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of stepping on? | olbasa turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of stepping on? | bizbasa turmaybızmı? basa turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of stepping on? | sizbasa turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of stepping on? | alabasa turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of stepping on? |
| Simple past (definite) | menbasdımI stepped on | senbasdıŋyou stepped on | olbasdıhe stepped on | bizbasdıqwe stepped on | sizbasdığızyou all stepped on | alabasdılathey stepped on |
| Simple past (definite) | menbasmadımI didn't step on | senbasmadıŋyou didn't step on | olbasmadıhe didn't step on | bizbasmadıqwe didn't step on | sizbasmadığızyou all didn't step on | alabasmadılathey didn't step on |
| Simple past (definite) | menbasdımmı?did I step on? | senbasdıŋmı?did you step on? | olbasdımı?did he step on? | bizbasdıqmı?did we step on? | sizbasdığızmı?did you all step on? | alabasdılamı?did they step on? |
| Simple past (definite) | menbasmadımmı?didn't I step on? | senbasmadıŋmı?didn't you step on? | olbasmadımı?didn't he step on? | bizbasmadıqmı?didn't we step on? | sizbasmadığızmı?didn't you all step on? | alabasmadılamı?didn't they step on? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbashanmaI have stepped on | senbashansayou have stepped on | olbashandıhe has stepped on | bizbashanbızwe have stepped on | sizbashansızyou all have stepped on | alabashandılathey have stepped on |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbasmağanmaI haven't stepped on | senbasmağansayou haven't stepped on | olbasmağandıhe hasn't stepped on | bizbasmağanbızwe haven't stepped on | sizbasmağansızyou all haven't stepped on | alabasmağandılathey haven't stepped on |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbashanmamı? bashanmıma?have I stepped on? | senbashanmısa?have you stepped on? | olbashanmıdı?has he stepped on? | bizbashanbızmı? bashanmıbız?have we stepped on? | sizbashanmısız?have you all stepped on? | alabashanmıdıla?have they stepped on? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbasmağanmamı? basmağanmıma?haven't I stepped on? | senbasmağanmısa?haven't you stepped on? | olbasmağanmıdı?hasn't he stepped on? | bizbasmağanbızmı? basmağanmıbız?haven't we stepped on? | sizbasmağanmısız?haven't you all stepped on? | alabasmağanmıdıla?haven't they stepped on? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menbasıb turdumI kept stepping on | senbasıb turduŋyou kept stepping on | olbasıb turduhe kept stepping on | bizbasıb turduqwe kept stepping on | sizbasıb turduğuzyou all kept stepping on | alabasıb turdulathey kept stepping on |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menbasıb turmadımI didn't keep stepping on | senbasıb turmadıŋyou didn't keep stepping on | olbasıb turmadıhe didn't keep stepping on | bizbasıb turmadıqwe didn't keep stepping on | sizbasıb turmadığızyou all didn't keep stepping on | alabasıb turmadılathey didn't keep stepping on |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbasarmaI will step on | senbasarsayou will step on | olbasarhe will step on | bizbasarbızwe will step on | sizbasarsızyou all will step on | alabasarlathey will step on |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbasmazmaI won't step on | senbasmazsayou won't step on | olbasmazhe won't step on | bizbasmazbızwe won't step on | sizbasmazsızyou all won't step on | alabasmazlathey won't step on |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbasarmamı? basarmıma?will I step on? | senbasarmısa?will you step on? | olbasarmı?will he step on? | bizbasarbızmı? basarmıbız?will we step on? | sizbasarmısız?will you all step on? | alabasarlamı? basarmıla?will they step on? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbasmazmamı? basmazmıma?won't I step on? | senbasmazmısa?won't you step on? | olbasmazmı?won't he step on? | bizbasmazbızmı? basmazmıbız?won't we step on? | sizbasmazmısız?won't you all step on? | alabasmazlamı? basmazmıla?won't they step on? |
| Definite future (future II) | menbasarıqmaI am going to step on | senbasarıqsayou are going to step on | olbasarıqdıhe is going to step on | bizbasarıqbızwe are going to step on | sizbasarıqsızyou all are going to step on | alabasarıqdılathey are going to step on |
| Definite future (future II) | menbasarıq tülmeI am not going to step on | senbasarıq tülseyou are not going to step on | olbasarıq tüldühe is not going to step on | bizbasarıq tülbüzwe are not going to step on | sizbasarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to step on | alabasarıq tüldülethey are not going to step on |
| Definite future (future II) | menbasarıqmamı? basarıqmıma?am I going to step on? | senbasarıqmısa?are you going to step on? | olbasarıqmıdı?is he going to step on? | bizbasarıqbızmı? basarıqmıbız?are we going to step on? | sizbasarıqmısız?are you all going to step on? | alabasarıqmıdıla?are they going to step on? |
| Definite future (future II) | menbasarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to step on? | senbasarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to step on? | olbasarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to step on? | bizbasarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to step on? | sizbasarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to step on? | alabasarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to step on? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menbashan edimbashanemI had stepped on | senbashan ediŋbashaneŋyou had stepped on | olbashan edibashanedhe had stepped on | bizbashan edikbashanekwe had stepped on | sizbashan edigizbashanegizyou all had stepped on | alabashan edilebashanellethey had stepped on |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menbasmağan edimbasmağanemI hadn't stepped on | senbasmağan ediŋbasmağaneŋyou hadn't stepped on | olbasmağan edibasmağanedhe hadn't stepped on | bizbasmağan edikbasmağanekwe hadn't stepped on | sizbasmağan edigizbasmağanegizyou all hadn't stepped on | alabasmağan edilebasmağanellethey hadn't stepped on |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menbasa edimbasaemI was stepping on | senbasa ediŋbasaeŋyou were stepping on | olbasa edibasaedhe was stepping on | bizbasa edikbasaekwe were stepping on | sizbasa edigizbasaegizyou all were stepping on | alabasa edilebasaellethey were stepping on |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menbasmay edimbasmayemI wasn't stepping on | senbasmay ediŋbasmayeŋyou weren't stepping on | olbasmay edibasmayedhe wasn't stepping on | bizbasmay edikbasmayekwe weren't stepping on | sizbasmay edigizbasmayegizyou all weren't stepping on | alabasmay edilebasmayellethey weren't stepping on |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menbasıwçan edimbasıwçanemI used to step on | senbasıwçan ediŋbasıwçaneŋyou used to step on | olbasıwçan edibasıwçanedhe used to step on | bizbasıwçan edikbasıwçanekwe used to step on | sizbasıwçan edigizbasıwçanegizyou all used to step on | alabasıwçan edilebasıwçanellethey used to step on |
| Habitual past (used to) | menbasmawçan edimbasmawçanemI didn't use to step on | senbasmawçan ediŋbasmawçaneŋyou didn't use to step on | olbasmawçan edibasmawçanedhe didn't use to step on | bizbasmawçan edikbasmawçanekwe didn't use to step on | sizbasmawçan edigizbasmawçanegizyou all didn't use to step on | alabasmawçan edilebasmawçanellethey didn't use to step on |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olbasıb edihe had stepped on and remained so | alabasıb edilethey had stepped on and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olbasıb tül edihe hadn't stepped on | alabasıb tül edilethey hadn't stepped on | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menbasıb tura edimbasıb turaemI had kept stepping on | senbasıb tura ediŋbasıb turaeŋyou had kept stepping on | olbasıb tura edibasıb turaedhe had kept stepping on | bizbasıb tura edikbasıb turaekwe had kept stepping on | sizbasıb tura edigizbasıb turaegizyou all had kept stepping on | alabasıb tura edilebasıb turaellethey had kept stepping on |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menbasıb turmay edimbasıb turmayemI hadn't kept stepping on | senbasıb turmay ediŋbasıb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept stepping on | olbasıb turmay edibasıb turmayedhe hadn't kept stepping on | bizbasıb turmay edikbasıb turmayekwe hadn't kept stepping on | sizbasıb turmay edigizbasıb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept stepping on | alabasıb turmay edilebasıb turmayellethey hadn't kept stepping on |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menbasa tura edimbasa turaemI was in the middle of stepping on | senbasa tura ediŋbasa turaeŋyou were in the middle of stepping on | olbasa tura edibasa turaedhe was in the middle of stepping on | bizbasa tura edikbasa turaekwe were in the middle of stepping on | sizbasa tura edigizbasa turaegizyou all were in the middle of stepping on | alabasa tura edilebasa turaellethey were in the middle of stepping on |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menbasa turmay edimbasa turmayemI wasn't in the middle of stepping on | senbasa turmay ediŋbasa turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of stepping on | olbasa turmay edibasa turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of stepping on | bizbasa turmay edikbasa turmayekwe weren't in the middle of stepping on | sizbasa turmay edigizbasa turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of stepping on | alabasa turmay edilebasa turmayellethey weren't in the middle of stepping on |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menbasar edimbasar emI would step on | senbasar ediŋbasar eŋyou would step on | olbasar edibasar edhe would step on | bizbasar edikbasar ekwe would step on | sizbasar edigizbasar egizyou all would step on | alabasar edilebasar ellethey would step on |
| Conditional result (would) | menbasmaz edimbasmaz emI wouldn't step on | senbasmaz ediŋbasmaz eŋyou wouldn't step on | olbasmaz edibasmaz edhe wouldn't step on | bizbasmaz edikbasmaz ekwe wouldn't step on | sizbasmaz edigizbasmaz egizyou all wouldn't step on | alabasmaz edilebasmaz ellethey wouldn't step on |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menbasarıq edimbasarıq emI would have stepped on | senbasarıq ediŋbasarıq eŋyou would have stepped on | olbasarıq edibasarıq edhe would have stepped on | bizbasarıq edikbasarıq ekwe would have stepped on | sizbasarıq edigizbasarıq egizyou all would have stepped on | alabasarıq edilebasarıq ellethey would have stepped on |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menbasarıq tül edimbasarıq tül emI wouldn't have stepped on | senbasarıq tül ediŋbasarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have stepped on | olbasarıq tül edibasarıq tül edhe wouldn't have stepped on | bizbasarıq tül edikbasarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have stepped on | sizbasarıq tül edigizbasarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have stepped on | alabasarıq tül edilebasarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have stepped on |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menbassamif I step on | senbassaŋif you step on | olbassaif he steps on | bizbassaqif we step on | sizbassağızif you all step on | alabassalaif they step on |
| Conditional | menbasmasamif I don't step on | senbasmasaŋif you don't step on | olbasmasaif he doesn't step on | bizbasmasaqif we don't step on | sizbasmasağızif you all don't step on | alabasmasalaif they don't step on |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menbasa esemif I am stepping on | senbasa eseŋif you are stepping on | olbasa eseif he is stepping on | bizbasa esekif we are stepping on | sizbasa esegizif you all are stepping on | alabasa eseleif they are stepping on |
| Conditional, present real | menbasmay esemif I am not stepping on | senbasmay eseŋif you are not stepping on | olbasmay eseif he is not stepping on | bizbasmay esekif we are not stepping on | sizbasmay esegizif you all are not stepping on | alabasmay eseleif they are not stepping on |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menbassam edibassam edif only I stepped on | senbassaŋ edibassaŋ edif only you stepped on | olbassa edibassaedif only he stepped on | bizbassaq edibassaq edif only we stepped on | sizbassağız edibassağız edif only you all stepped on | alabassala edibassalaedif only they stepped on |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menbasmasam edibasmasam edif only I didn't step on | senbasmasaŋ edibasmasaŋ edif only you didn't step on | olbasmasa edibasmasaedif only he didn't step on | bizbasmasaq edibasmasaq edif only we didn't step on | sizbasmasağız edibasmasağız edif only you all didn't step on | alabasmasala edibasmasalaedif only they didn't step on |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menbasıb tursamif I carry on stepping on | senbasıb tursaŋif you carry on stepping on | olbasıb tursaif he carries on stepping on | bizbasıb tursaqif we carry on stepping on | sizbasıb tursağızif you all carry on stepping on | alabasıb tursalaif they carry on stepping on |
| Durative conditional | menbasıb turmasamif I don't carry on stepping on | senbasıb turmasaŋif you don't carry on stepping on | olbasıb turmasaif he doesn't carry on stepping on | bizbasıb turmasaqif we don't carry on stepping on | sizbasıb turmasağızif you all don't carry on stepping on | alabasıb turmasalaif they don't carry on stepping on |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menbasıb tura esemif I have kept stepping on | senbasıb tura eseŋif you have kept stepping on | olbasıb tura eseif he has kept stepping on | bizbasıb tura esekif we have kept stepping on | sizbasıb tura esegizif you all have kept stepping on | alabasıb tura eseleif they have kept stepping on |
| Durative conditional, present real | menbasıb turmay esemif I haven't kept stepping on | senbasıb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept stepping on | olbasıb turmay eseif he hasn't kept stepping on | bizbasıb turmay esekif we haven't kept stepping on | sizbasıb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept stepping on | alabasıb turmay eseleif they haven't kept stepping on |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menbasa tursamif I keep stepping on | senbasa tursaŋif you keep stepping on | olbasa tursaif he keeps stepping on | bizbasa tursaqif we keep stepping on | sizbasa tursağızif you all keep stepping on | alabasa tursalaif they keep stepping on |
| Progressive conditional | menbasmay tursamif I keep on not stepping on | senbasmay tursaŋif you keep on not stepping on | olbasmay tursaif he keeps on not stepping on | bizbasmay tursaqif we keep on not stepping on | sizbasmay tursağızif you all keep on not stepping on | alabasmay tursalaif they keep on not stepping on |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menbasa tura esemif I am in the middle of stepping on | senbasa tura eseŋif you are in the middle of stepping on | olbasa tura eseif he is in the middle of stepping on | bizbasa tura esekif we are in the middle of stepping on | sizbasa tura esegizif you all are in the middle of stepping on | alabasa tura eseleif they are in the middle of stepping on |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menbasmay tura esemif I keep on not stepping on | senbasmay tura eseŋif you keep on not stepping on | olbasmay tura eseif he keeps on not stepping on | bizbasmay tura esekif we keep on not stepping on | sizbasmay tura esegizif you all keep on not stepping on | alabasmay tura eseleif they keep on not stepping on |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menbasdım esemif I stepped on | senbasdıŋ eseŋif you stepped on | olbasdı eseif he stepped on | bizbasdıq esekif we stepped on | sizbasdığız esegizif you all stepped on | alabasdıla eseleif they stepped on |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menbasmadım esemif I didn't step on | senbasmadıŋ eseŋif you didn't step on | olbasmadı eseif he didn't step on | bizbasmadıq esekif we didn't step on | sizbasmadığız esegizif you all didn't step on | alabasmadıla eseleif they didn't step on |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menbashan esemif I did step on (indeed) | senbashan eseŋif you did step on (indeed) | olbashan eseif he did step on (indeed) | bizbashan esekif we did step on (indeed) | sizbashan esegizif you all did step on (indeed) | alabashan eseleif they did step on (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menbasmağan esemif I didn't step on (indeed) | senbasmağan eseŋif you didn't step on (indeed) | olbasmağan eseif he didn't step on (indeed) | bizbasmağan esekif we didn't step on (indeed) | sizbasmağan esegizif you all didn't step on (indeed) | alabasmağan eseleif they didn't step on (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menbashan bolsamif I had stepped on | senbashan bolsaŋif you had stepped on | olbashan bolsaif he had stepped on | bizbashan bolsaqif we had stepped on | sizbashan bolsağızif you all had stepped on | alabashan bolsalaif they had stepped on |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menbasmağan bolsamif I hadn't stepped on | senbasmağan bolsaŋif you hadn't stepped on | olbasmağan bolsaif he hadn't stepped on | bizbasmağan bolsaqif we hadn't stepped on | sizbasmağan bolsağızif you all hadn't stepped on | alabasmağan bolsalaif they hadn't stepped on |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menbashan bolsam edibashan bolsam edif only I had stepped on | senbashan bolsaŋ edibashan bolsaŋ edif only you had stepped on | olbashan bolsa edibashan bolsaedif only he had stepped on | bizbashan bolsaq edibashan bolsaq edif only we had stepped on | sizbashan bolsağız edibashan bolsağız edif only you all had stepped on | alabashan bolsala edibashan bolsalaedif only they had stepped on |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menbasmağan bolsam edibasmağan bolsam edif only I hadn't stepped on | senbasmağan bolsaŋ edibasmağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't stepped on | olbasmağan bolsa edibasmağan bolsaedif only he hadn't stepped on | bizbasmağan bolsaq edibasmağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't stepped on | sizbasmağan bolsağız edibasmağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't stepped on | alabasmağan bolsala edibasmağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't stepped on |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menbasar esemif I will step on | senbasar eseŋif you will step on | olbasar eseif he will step on | bizbasar esekif we will step on | sizbasar esegizif you all will step on | alabasar eseleif they will step on |
| Conditional, aorist | menbasmaz esemif I won't step on | senbasmaz eseŋif you won't step on | olbasmaz eseif he won't step on | bizbasmaz esekif we won't step on | sizbasmaz esegizif you all won't step on | alabasmaz eseleif they won't step on |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menbasarıq esemif I am going to step on | senbasarıq eseŋif you are going to step on | olbasarıq eseif he is going to step on | bizbasarıq esekif we are going to step on | sizbasarıq esegizif you all are going to step on | alabasarıq eseleif they are going to step on |
| Conditional, future | menbasarıq tül esemif I am not going to step on | senbasarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to step on | olbasarıq tül eseif he is not going to step on | bizbasarıq tül esekif we are not going to step on | sizbasarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to step on | alabasarıq tül eseleif they are not going to step on |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menbasarıq bolsamif I were going to step on | senbasarıq bolsaŋif you were going to step on | olbasarıq bolsaif he were going to step on | bizbasarıq bolsaqif we were going to step on | sizbasarıq bolsağızif you all were going to step on | alabasarıq bolsalaif they were going to step on |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menbasmazlıq bolsamif I were not going to step on | senbasmazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to step on | olbasmazlıq bolsaif he were not going to step on | bizbasmazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to step on | sizbasmazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to step on | alabasmazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to step on |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso basdıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menbasa bolurmaI must be stepping on | senbasa bolursayou must be stepping on | olbasa bolurhe must be stepping on | bizbasa bolurbuzwe must be stepping on | sizbasa bolursuzyou all must be stepping on | alabasa bolurlathey must be stepping on |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menbasmay bolurmaI must not be stepping on | senbasmay bolursayou must not be stepping on | olbasmay bolurhe must not be stepping on | bizbasmay bolurbuzwe must not be stepping on | sizbasmay bolursuzyou all must not be stepping on | alabasmay bolurlathey must not be stepping on |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menbasa tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of stepping on | senbasa tura bolursayou must be in the middle of stepping on | olbasa tura bolurhe must be in the middle of stepping on | bizbasa tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of stepping on | sizbasa tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of stepping on | alabasa tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of stepping on |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menbasmay tura bolurmaI must keep on not stepping on | senbasmay tura bolursayou must keep on not stepping on | olbasmay tura bolurhe must keep on not stepping on | bizbasmay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not stepping on | sizbasmay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not stepping on | alabasmay tura bolurlathey must keep on not stepping on |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menbashan bolurmaI must have stepped on | senbashan bolursayou must have stepped on | olbashan bolurhe must have stepped on | bizbashan bolurbuzwe must have stepped on | sizbashan bolursuzyou all must have stepped on | alabashan bolurlathey must have stepped on |
| Inference (must have) | menbasmağan bolurmaI must not have stepped on | senbasmağan bolursayou must not have stepped on | olbasmağan bolurhe must not have stepped on | bizbasmağan bolurbuzwe must not have stepped on | sizbasmağan bolursuzyou all must not have stepped on | alabasmağan bolurlathey must not have stepped on |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menbasarıq bolurmaI must be going to step on | senbasarıq bolursayou must be going to step on | olbasarıq bolurhe must be going to step on | bizbasarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to step on | sizbasarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to step on | alabasarıq bolurlathey must be going to step on |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menbasmazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to step on | senbasmazlıq bolursayou must not be going to step on | olbasmazlıq bolurhe must not be going to step on | bizbasmazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to step on | sizbasmazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to step on | alabasmazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to step on |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menbasayımlet me step on | senbas!step on! | olbassınlet him step on | bizbasayıqlet's step on | sizbasığız!step on, you all! | alabassınlalet them step on |
| Commands & suggestions | menbasmayımlet me not step on | senbasma!don't step on! | olbasmasınlet him not step on | bizbasmayıqlet's not step on | sizbasmağız!don't step on, you all! | alabasmasınlalet them not step on |
| Commands & suggestions | menbasayımmı?shall I step on? | olbassınmı?should he step on? | bizbasayıqmı?shall we step on? | alabassınlamı?should they step on? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menbasmayımmı?shall I not step on? | olbasmasınmı?should he not step on? | bizbasmayıqmı?shall we not step on? | alabasmasınlamı?should they not step on? | ||
| Requests | senbasçı2basçınplease step on | olbassınçıdo let him step on | sizbasçığızplease step on (plural/polite) | alabassınlaçıdo let them step on | ||
| Requests | senbasmaçı2basmaçınplease don't step on | olbasmasınçıdo let him not step on | sizbasmaçığızplease don't step on (plural/polite) | alabasmasınlaçıdo let them not step on | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senbashınbashımay you step on | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senbasmağınbasmağımay you not step on | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menbashay edim basha edimwould that I stepped on | senbashay ediŋ basha ediŋwould that you stepped on | olbashay edi basha ediwould that he stepped on | bizbashay edik basha edikwould that we stepped on | sizbashay edigiz basha edigizwould that you all stepped on | alabashay edile basha edilewould that they stepped on |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menbasmağay edim basmağa edimwould that I did not step on | senbasmağay ediŋ basmağa ediŋwould that you did not step on | olbasmağay edi basmağa ediwould that he did not step on | bizbasmağay edik basmağa edikwould that we did not step on | sizbasmağay edigiz basmağa edigizwould that you all did not step on | alabasmağay edile basmağa edilewould that they did not step on |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menbasmağa qoyayımbasma qoyayımlet me allow someone to step on | senbasmağa qoy!basma qoy!let someone step on! | olbasmağa qoysunbasma qoysunlet him allow someone to step on | bizbasmağa qoyayıqbasma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to step on | sizbasmağa qoyuğuz!basma qoyuğuz!let someone step on, you all! | alabasmağa qoysunlabasma qoysunlalet them allow someone to step on |
| Let someone… (commands) | menbasmağa qoymayımbasma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to step on | senbasmağa qoyma!basma qoyma!don't let someone step on! | olbasmağa qoymasınbasma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to step on | bizbasmağa qoymayıqbasma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to step on | sizbasmağa qoymağız!basma qoymağız!don't let someone step on, you all! | alabasmağa qoymasınlabasma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to step on |
| Let someone… (commands) | menbasmağa qoyayımmı?basma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to step on? | olbasmağa qoysunmu?basma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to step on? | bizbasmağa qoyayıqmı?basma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to step on? | alabasmağa qoysunlamı?basma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to step on? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menbasmağa qoymayımmı?basma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to step on? | olbasmağa qoymasınmı?basma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to step on? | bizbasmağa qoymayıqmı?basma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to step on? | alabasmağa qoymasınlamı?basma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to step on? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menbasmağa qoyamabasma qoyamaI allow someone to step on | senbasmağa qoyasabasma qoyasayou allow someone to step on | olbasmağa qoyadıbasma qoyadıhe allows someone to step on | bizbasmağa qoyabızbasma qoyabızwe allow someone to step on | sizbasmağa qoyasızbasma qoyasızyou all allow someone to step on | alabasmağa qoyadılabasma qoyadılathey allow someone to step on |
| Let someone… (present) | menbasmağa qoymaymabasma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to step on | senbasmağa qoymaysabasma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to step on | olbasmağa qoymaydıbasma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to step on | bizbasmağa qoymaybızbasma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to step on | sizbasmağa qoymaysızbasma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to step on | alabasmağa qoymaydılabasma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to step on |
| Let someone… (present) | menbasmağa qoyamamı?basma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to step on? | senbasmağa qoyamısa?basma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to step on? | olbasmağa qoyamıdı?basma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to step on? | bizbasmağa qoyabızmı?basma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to step on? | sizbasmağa qoyamısız?basma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to step on? | alabasmağa qoyamıdıla?basma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to step on? |
| Let someone… (present) | menbasmağa qoymaymamı?basma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to step on? | senbasmağa qoymaymısa?basma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to step on? | olbasmağa qoymaymıdı?basma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to step on? | bizbasmağa qoymaybızmı?basma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to step on? | sizbasmağa qoymaymısız?basma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to step on? | alabasmağa qoymaymıdıla?basma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to step on? |
| Let someone… (past) | menbasmağa qoydumbasma qoydumI allowed someone to step on | senbasmağa qoyduŋbasma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to step on | olbasmağa qoydubasma qoyduhe allowed someone to step on | bizbasmağa qoyduqbasma qoyduqwe allowed someone to step on | sizbasmağa qoyduğuzbasma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to step on | alabasmağa qoydulabasma qoydulathey allowed someone to step on |
| Let someone… (past) | menbasmağa qoymadımbasma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to step on | senbasmağa qoymadıŋbasma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to step on | olbasmağa qoymadıbasma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to step on | bizbasmağa qoymadıqbasma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to step on | sizbasmağa qoymadığızbasma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to step on | alabasmağa qoymadılabasma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to step on |
| Let someone… (past) | menbasmağa qoydummu?basma qoydummu?did I allow someone to step on? | senbasmağa qoyduŋmu?basma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to step on? | olbasmağa qoydumu?basma qoydumu?did he allow someone to step on? | bizbasmağa qoyduqmu?basma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to step on? | sizbasmağa qoyduğuzmu?basma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to step on? | alabasmağa qoydulamı?basma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to step on? |
| Let someone… (past) | menbasmağa qoymadımmı?basma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to step on? | senbasmağa qoymadıŋmı?basma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to step on? | olbasmağa qoymadımı?basma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to step on? | bizbasmağa qoymadıqmı?basma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to step on? | sizbasmağa qoymadığızmı?basma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to step on? | alabasmağa qoymadılamı?basma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to step on? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
basalırğa be able to step on · basalmazğa be unable to step on
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menbasalamaI can step on | senbasalasayou can step on | olbasaladıhe can step on | bizbasalabızwe can step on | sizbasalasızyou all can step on | alabasaladılathey can step on |
| Ability — present | menbasalmaymaI can't step on | senbasalmaysayou can't step on | olbasalmaydıhe can't step on | bizbasalmaybızwe can't step on | sizbasalmaysızyou all can't step on | alabasalmaydılathey can't step on |
| Ability — present | menbasalamamı? basalamıma?can I step on? | senbasalamısa?can you step on? | olbasalamıdı?can he step on? | bizbasalabızmı? basalamıbız?can we step on? | sizbasalamısız?can you all step on? | alabasalamıdıla?can they step on? |
| Ability — present | menbasalmaymamı? basalmaymıma?can't I step on? | senbasalmaymısa?can't you step on? | olbasalmaymıdı?can't he step on? | bizbasalmaybızmı? basalmaymıbız?can't we step on? | sizbasalmaymısız?can't you all step on? | alabasalmaymıdıla?can't they step on? |
| Ability — if I can… | menbasalsamif I can step on | senbasalsaŋif you can step on | olbasalsaif he can step on | bizbasalsaqif we can step on | sizbasalsağızif you all can step on | alabasalsalaif they can step on |
| Ability — if I can… | menbasalmasamif I can't step on | senbasalmasaŋif you can't step on | olbasalmasaif he can't step on | bizbasalmasaqif we can't step on | sizbasalmasağızif you all can't step on | alabasalmasalaif they can't step on |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menbasaldımI was able to step on | senbasaldıŋyou were able to step on | olbasaldıhe was able to step on | bizbasaldıqwe were able to step on | sizbasaldığızyou all were able to step on | alabasaldılathey were able to step on |
| Ability — simple past | menbasalmadımI could not step on | senbasalmadıŋyou could not step on | olbasalmadıhe could not step on | bizbasalmadıqwe could not step on | sizbasalmadığızyou all could not step on | alabasalmadılathey could not step on |
| Ability — simple past | menbasaldımmı?was I able to step on? | senbasaldıŋmı?were you able to step on? | olbasaldımı?was he able to step on? | bizbasaldıqmı?were we able to step on? | sizbasaldığızmı?were you all able to step on? | alabasaldılamı?were they able to step on? |
| Ability — simple past | menbasalmadımmı?couldn't I step on? | senbasalmadıŋmı?couldn't you step on? | olbasalmadımı?couldn't he step on? | bizbasalmadıqmı?couldn't we step on? | sizbasalmadığızmı?couldn't you all step on? | alabasalmadılamı?couldn't they step on? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbasalğanmaI have been able to step on | senbasalğansayou have been able to step on | olbasalğandıhe has been able to step on | bizbasalğanbızwe have been able to step on | sizbasalğansızyou all have been able to step on | alabasalğandılathey have been able to step on |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbasalmağanmaI haven't been able to step on | senbasalmağansayou haven't been able to step on | olbasalmağandıhe hasn't been able to step on | bizbasalmağanbızwe haven't been able to step on | sizbasalmağansızyou all haven't been able to step on | alabasalmağandılathey haven't been able to step on |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbasalğanmamı? basalğanmıma?have I been able to step on? | senbasalğanmısa?have you been able to step on? | olbasalğanmıdı?has he been able to step on? | bizbasalğanbızmı? basalğanmıbız?have we been able to step on? | sizbasalğanmısız?have you all been able to step on? | alabasalğanmıdıla?have they been able to step on? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbasalmağanmamı? basalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to step on? | senbasalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to step on? | olbasalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to step on? | bizbasalmağanbızmı? basalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to step on? | sizbasalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to step on? | alabasalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to step on? |
| Ability — past perfect | menbasalğan edimbasalğanemI had been able to step on | senbasalğan ediŋbasalğaneŋyou had been able to step on | olbasalğan edibasalğanedhe had been able to step on | bizbasalğan edikbasalğanekwe had been able to step on | sizbasalğan edigizbasalğanegizyou all had been able to step on | alabasalğan edilebasalğanellethey had been able to step on |
| Ability — past perfect | menbasalmağan edimbasalmağanemI hadn't been able to step on | senbasalmağan ediŋbasalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to step on | olbasalmağan edibasalmağanedhe hadn't been able to step on | bizbasalmağan edikbasalmağanekwe hadn't been able to step on | sizbasalmağan edigizbasalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to step on | alabasalmağan edilebasalmağanellethey hadn't been able to step on |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menbasala edimbasalaemI could step on | senbasala ediŋbasalaeŋyou could step on | olbasala edibasalaedhe could step on | bizbasala edikbasalaekwe could step on | sizbasala edigizbasalaegizyou all could step on | alabasala edilebasalaellethey could step on |
| Ability — past background | menbasalmay edimbasalmayemI could not step on | senbasalmay ediŋbasalmayeŋyou could not step on | olbasalmay edibasalmayedhe could not step on | bizbasalmay edikbasalmayekwe could not step on | sizbasalmay edigizbasalmayegizyou all could not step on | alabasalmay edilebasalmayellethey could not step on |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menbasalırmaI will be able to step on | senbasalırsayou will be able to step on | olbasalırhe will be able to step on | bizbasalırbızwe will be able to step on | sizbasalırsızyou all will be able to step on | alabasalırlathey will be able to step on |
| Ability — future I | menbasalmazmaI won't be able to step on | senbasalmazsayou won't be able to step on | olbasalmazhe won't be able to step on | bizbasalmazbızwe won't be able to step on | sizbasalmazsızyou all won't be able to step on | alabasalmazlathey won't be able to step on |
| Ability — future I | menbasalırmamı? basalırmıma?will I be able to step on? | senbasalırmısa?will you be able to step on? | olbasalırmı?will he be able to step on? | bizbasalırbızmı? basalırmıbız?will we be able to step on? | sizbasalırmısız?will you all be able to step on? | alabasalırlamı? basalırmıla?will they be able to step on? |
| Ability — future I | menbasalmazmamı? basalmazmıma?won't I be able to step on? | senbasalmazmısa?won't you be able to step on? | olbasalmazmı?won't he be able to step on? | bizbasalmazbızmı? basalmazmıbız?won't we be able to step on? | sizbasalmazmısız?won't you all be able to step on? | alabasalmazlamı? basalmazmıla?won't they be able to step on? |
| Ability — future II | menbasallıqmaI am going to be able to step on | senbasallıqsayou are going to be able to step on | olbasallıqdıhe is going to be able to step on | bizbasallıqbızwe are going to be able to step on | sizbasallıqsızyou all are going to be able to step on | alabasallıqdılathey are going to be able to step on |
| Ability — future II | menbasallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to step on | senbasallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to step on | olbasallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to step on | bizbasallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to step on | sizbasallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to step on | alabasallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to step on |
| Ability — future II | menbasallıqmamı? basallıqmıma?am I going to be able to step on? | senbasallıqmısa?are you going to be able to step on? | olbasallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to step on? | bizbasallıqbızmı? basallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to step on? | sizbasallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to step on? | alabasallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to step on? |
| Ability — future II | menbasallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to step on? | senbasallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to step on? | olbasallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to step on? | bizbasallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to step on? | sizbasallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to step on? | alabasallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to step on? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menbasalır edimbasalır emI would be able to step on | senbasalır ediŋbasalır eŋyou would be able to step on | olbasalır edibasalır edhe would be able to step on | bizbasalır edikbasalır ekwe would be able to step on | sizbasalır edigizbasalır egizyou all would be able to step on | alabasalır edilebasalır ellethey would be able to step on |
| Ability — would be able to… | menbasalmaz edimbasalmaz emI wouldn't be able to step on | senbasalmaz ediŋbasalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to step on | olbasalmaz edibasalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to step on | bizbasalmaz edikbasalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to step on | sizbasalmaz edigizbasalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to step on | alabasalmaz edilebasalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to step on |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senbasalğınbasalğımay you be able to step on | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senbasalmağınbasalmağımay you not be able to step on | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menbasarğa izleymeI want to step on | senbasarğa izleyseyou want to step on | olbasarğa izleydihe wants to step on | bizbasarğa izleybizwe want to step on | sizbasarğa izleysizyou all want to step on | alabasarğa izleydilethey want to step on |
| want to | menbasarğa izlemeymeI do not want to step on | senbasarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to step on | olbasarğa izlemeydihe does not want to step on | bizbasarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to step on | sizbasarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to step on | alabasarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to step on |
| would like to | menbasarğa süemeI would like to step on | senbasarğa süeseyou would like to step on | olbasarğa süedihe would like to step on | bizbasarğa süebizwe would like to step on | sizbasarğa süesizyou all would like to step on | alabasarğa süedilethey would like to step on |
| would like to | menbasarğa süymeymeI would not like to step on | senbasarğa süymeyseyou would not like to step on | olbasarğa süymeydihe would not like to step on | bizbasarğa süymeybizwe would not like to step on | sizbasarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to step on | alabasarğa süymeydilethey would not like to step on |
| hope to | menbasarğa umutlanamaI hope to step on | senbasarğa umutlanasayou hope to step on | olbasarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to step on | bizbasarğa umutlanabızwe hope to step on | sizbasarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to step on | alabasarğa umutlanadılathey hope to step on |
| hope to | menbasarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to step on | senbasarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to step on | olbasarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to step on | bizbasarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to step on | sizbasarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to step on | alabasarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to step on |
| be about to | menbasarğa deb turamaI am about to step on | senbasarğa deb turasayou are about to step on | olbasarğa deb turadıhe is about to step on | bizbasarğa deb turabızwe are about to step on | sizbasarğa deb turasızyou all are about to step on | alabasarğa deb turadılathey are about to step on |
| be about to | menbasarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to step on | senbasarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to step on | olbasarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to step on | bizbasarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to step on | sizbasarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to step on | alabasarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to step on |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menbasarğa kerekmeI need to step on | senbasarğa kerekseyou need to step on | olbasarğa kerekdihe needs to step on | bizbasarğa kerekbizwe need to step on | sizbasarğa kereksizyou all need to step on | alabasarğa kerekdilethey need to step on |
| need to | menbasarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to step on | senbasarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to step on | olbasarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to step on | bizbasarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to step on | sizbasarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to step on | alabasarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to step on |
| have to | menmenŋe basarğa tüşediI have to step on | sensenŋe basarğa tüşediyou have to step on | olaŋa basarğa tüşedihe has to step on | bizbizge basarğa tüşediwe have to step on | sizsizge basarğa tüşediyou all have to step on | alaalağa basarğa tüşedithey have to step on |
| have to | menmenŋe basarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to step on | sensenŋe basarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to step on | olaŋa basarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to step on | bizbizge basarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to step on | sizsizge basarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to step on | alaalağa basarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to step on |
| be obliged to | menbasarğa borçlumaI am obliged to step on | senbasarğa borçlusayou are obliged to step on | olbasarğa borçluduhe is obliged to step on | bizbasarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to step on | sizbasarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to step on | alabasarğa borçludulathey are obliged to step on |
| be obliged to | menbasarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to step on | senbasarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to step on | olbasarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to step on | bizbasarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to step on | sizbasarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to step on | alabasarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to step on |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menbasarğa madarım bardıI have a way to step on | senbasarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to step on | olbasarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to step on | bizbasarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to step on | sizbasarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to step on | alabasarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to step on |
| have a way to | menbasarğa madarım joqduI have no way to step on | senbasarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to step on | olbasarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to step on | bizbasarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to step on | sizbasarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to step on | alabasarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to step on |
| be free to | menbasarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to step on | senbasarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to step on | olbasarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to step on | bizbasarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to step on | sizbasarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to step on | alabasarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to step on |
| be free to | menbasarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to step on | senbasarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to step on | olbasarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to step on | bizbasarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to step on | sizbasarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to step on | alabasarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to step on |
| be possible to | menmenŋe basarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to step on | sensenŋe basarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to step on | olaŋa basarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to step on | bizbizge basarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to step on | sizsizge basarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to step on | alaalağa basarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to step on |
| be possible to | menmenŋe basarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to step on | sensenŋe basarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to step on | olaŋa basarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to step on | bizbizge basarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to step on | sizsizge basarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to step on | alaalağa basarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to step on |
| be ready to | menbasarğa hazırmaI am ready to step on | senbasarğa hazırsayou are ready to step on | olbasarğa hazırdıhe is ready to step on | bizbasarğa hazırbızwe are ready to step on | sizbasarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to step on | alabasarğa hazırdılathey are ready to step on |
| be ready to | menbasarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to step on | senbasarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to step on | olbasarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to step on | bizbasarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to step on | sizbasarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to step on | alabasarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to step on |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menbasarğa küreşemeI am trying to step on | senbasarğa küreşeseyou are trying to step on | olbasarğa küreşedihe is trying to step on | bizbasarğa küreşebizwe are trying to step on | sizbasarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to step on | alabasarğa küreşedilethey are trying to step on |
| try to | menbasarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to step on | senbasarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to step on | olbasarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to step on | bizbasarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to step on | sizbasarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to step on | alabasarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to step on |
| agree to | menbasarğa unaymaI agree to step on | senbasarğa unaysayou agree to step on | olbasarğa unaydıhe agrees to step on | bizbasarğa unaybızwe agree to step on | sizbasarğa unaysızyou all agree to step on | alabasarğa unaydılathey agree to step on |
| agree to | menbasarğa unamaymaI refuse to step on | senbasarğa unamaysayou refuse to step on | olbasarğa unamaydıhe refuses to step on | bizbasarğa unamaybızwe refuse to step on | sizbasarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to step on | alabasarğa unamaydılathey refuse to step on |
| hurry to | menbasarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to step on | senbasarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to step on | olbasarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to step on | bizbasarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to step on | sizbasarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to step on | alabasarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to step on |
| hurry to | menbasarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to step on | senbasarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to step on | olbasarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to step on | bizbasarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to step on | sizbasarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to step on | alabasarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to step on |
| be afraid to | menbasarğa qorqamaI am afraid to step on | senbasarğa qorqasayou are afraid to step on | olbasarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to step on | bizbasarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to step on | sizbasarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to step on | alabasarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to step on |
| be afraid to | menbasarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to step on | senbasarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to step on | olbasarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to step on | bizbasarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to step on | sizbasarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to step on | alabasarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to step on |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menbasa bolmazmaI can't be stepping on | senbasa bolmazsayou can't be stepping on | olbasa bolmazhe can't be stepping on | bizbasa bolmazbızwe can't be stepping on | sizbasa bolmazsızyou all can't be stepping on | alabasa bolmazlathey can't be stepping on |
| Inference, present — double negation | menbasmay bolmazmaI must be stepping on (emphatic) | senbasmay bolmazsayou must be stepping on (emphatic) | olbasmay bolmazhe must be stepping on (emphatic) | bizbasmay bolmazbızwe must be stepping on (emphatic) | sizbasmay bolmazsızyou all must be stepping on (emphatic) | alabasmay bolmazlathey must be stepping on (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menbasa turmasamif I don't keep stepping on | senbasa turmasaŋif you don't keep stepping on | olbasa turmasaif he doesn't keep stepping on | bizbasa turmasaqif we don't keep stepping on | sizbasa turmasağızif you all don't keep stepping on | alabasa turmasalaif they don't keep stepping on |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menbasa tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of stepping on | senbasa tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of stepping on | olbasa tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of stepping on | bizbasa tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of stepping on | sizbasa tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of stepping on | alabasa tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of stepping on |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menbasmay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not stepping on (emphatic) | senbasmay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not stepping on (emphatic) | olbasmay tura bolmazhe must keep on not stepping on (emphatic) | bizbasmay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not stepping on (emphatic) | sizbasmay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not stepping on (emphatic) | alabasmay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not stepping on (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menbasmay turamaI keep on not stepping on | senbasmay turasayou keep on not stepping on | olbasmay turadıhe keeps on not stepping on | bizbasmay turabızwe keep on not stepping on | sizbasmay turasızyou all keep on not stepping on | alabasmay turadılathey keep on not stepping on |
| Progressive — double negation | menbasmay turmaymaI am not keeping on not stepping on | senbasmay turmaysayou are not keeping on not stepping on | olbasmay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not stepping on | bizbasmay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not stepping on | sizbasmay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not stepping on | alabasmay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not stepping on |
| Progressive — double negation | menbasmay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not stepping on? | senbasmay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not stepping on? | olbasmay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not stepping on? | bizbasmay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not stepping on? | sizbasmay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not stepping on? | alabasmay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not stepping on? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menbashan bolmazmaI can't have stepped on | senbashan bolmazsayou can't have stepped on | olbashan bolmazhe can't have stepped on | bizbashan bolmazbızwe can't have stepped on | sizbashan bolmazsızyou all can't have stepped on | alabashan bolmazlathey can't have stepped on |
| Inference — double negation | menbasmağan bolmazmaI must have stepped on (emphatic) | senbasmağan bolmazsayou must have stepped on (emphatic) | olbasmağan bolmazhe must have stepped on (emphatic) | bizbasmağan bolmazbızwe must have stepped on (emphatic) | sizbasmağan bolmazsızyou all must have stepped on (emphatic) | alabasmağan bolmazlathey must have stepped on (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menbashan bolmasamif it weren't that I had stepped on | senbashan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had stepped on | olbashan bolmasaif it weren't that he had stepped on | bizbashan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had stepped on | sizbashan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had stepped on | alabashan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had stepped on |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menbasmağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't stepped on | senbasmağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't stepped on | olbasmağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't stepped on | bizbasmağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't stepped on | sizbasmağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't stepped on | alabasmağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't stepped on |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menbasarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to step on | senbasarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to step on | olbasarıq bolmazhe can't be going to step on | bizbasarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to step on | sizbasarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to step on | alabasarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to step on |
| Inference, future — double negation | menbasmazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to step on (emphatic) | senbasmazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to step on (emphatic) | olbasmazlıq bolmazhe must be going to step on (emphatic) | bizbasmazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to step on (emphatic) | sizbasmazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to step on (emphatic) | alabasmazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to step on (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menbasarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to step on | senbasarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to step on | olbasarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to step on | bizbasarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to step on | sizbasarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to step on | alabasarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to step on |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menbasmazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to step on | senbasmazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to step on | olbasmazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to step on | bizbasmazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to step on | sizbasmazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to step on | alabasmazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to step on |