jeterge
/dʒeterɡe/
1. reach, get to, arrive at, attain — The place or goal reached stands in the dative. It also covers reaching a number, a level or a state, as in amanŋa jeterge "come to a bad state".
- üyge küçden jetdim — I barely made it home
- çabıb jeterge — run up to, reach by running
- qoluŋ bla uzalıb jeterge — reach out with your hand
- uçub jeterge — fly to, reach by flying
- keçigib jeterge — arrive late
- temir jol şaharğa jetgendi — the railroad has reached the town
- taw başına jeterge sabır kerekdi — to reach the mountaintop one needs patience
- batır muratına jeterge küreşdi — the hero strove to attain his goal
- aqılğa jeterge köb oquw kerek — to attain wisdom one must study much
2. suffice, be enough — The one for whom something is enough stands in the dative.
- barına da jeterikdi — there will be enough for everyone
- bu aş barıbızğa da jeter — this food will be enough for all of us
- aqça jetmeydi — the money is not enough
- qarıwu jeterge küreşdi jaş — the youth strived so that his strength would suffice
3. catch up with, catch up to, keep up with; make up lost ground — The one who is overtaken stands in the accusative.
- aldağın jeterge — catch up with the one in front
- jetallıq tülse — you won't catch up
- quwub jeterge — chase and catch up with
- ızından jetib barırğa — keep up with someone
- jaş anı jetdi — the young man caught up with him
- biz anı jeterbiz — we will catch up with him
- uruçunu quwub jeterge — chase down and catch up with the thief
4. arrive in time, be in time — The appointed time stands in the dative.
- zamanına jeterge — arrive in time
- ol jıyılıwğa zamanında jetdi — he arrived at the meeting on time
- men dersge jetmey qaldım — I did not make it to the lesson in time
5. spread to, reach (of news, rumors or a movement) — What it spreads to stands in the dative.
- hapar bizge da jetdi — the news reached us too
- bu hapar elge jetgendi — this news has spread to the village
- alay etseŋ söz jeter — if you act so, there will be talk
6. equal, match, be a match for
- ol meni qızıma jetallıq tüldü — he is no match for my daughter
- aŋa kişi jetalmaydı — no one can match him
7. come upon, catch unawares (of rain or of people)
- jaŋur jetginçi — before the rain catches us
- jaŋur jetginçi üyge kireyik — let's go inside before the rain catches us
8. begin, set in, come round, draw near — Said of a season, a time or an event coming round.
- qış jetdi — winter has come
- qış jetib keledi — winter is drawing near
- bayram jetdi — the holiday has come
- qatınnı jatar zamanı jetgendi — the woman's time to give birth has come
9. come due, expire (of a term or deadline)
- boljalı jetdi — its term has expired
- borçnu boljalı jetgendi — the debt has come due
- ajalı jeterge — come to the end of one's life
10. come true, be fulfilled — Said of a blessing, a wish or a curse taking effect.
- alğışım jetgendi — my blessing has come true
- anamı alğışı menŋe jetgendi — my mother's blessing has come true for me
- igini alğışı jeter — a good man's blessing will come true
11. ripen, become mature — Said of fruit and crops reaching ripeness.
- almala endi jetgendile — the apples have ripened now
- buday jaynı ortasında jetedi — the wheat ripens in midsummer
- kögetle jeter zaman boladı — the time comes for fruit to ripen
12. be related to, be a relative of — The person one is related to stands in the dative.
- juwuq jeterge — be related
- ol menŋe juwuq jetedi — he is a relative of mine
- menŋe egeç jetedi — she is a sister to me
- bu jaş senŋe kim jetedi? — what relation is this young man to you?
13. concern, pertain to — The person or thing concerned stands in the dative.
- bu iş senŋe jetmeydi — this matter does not concern you
- kesiŋe jetmegenni sorma — do not ask about what does not concern you
- kim da başına jetginçi tözedi — everyone is patient until it touches them
14. be allotted, pass into someone's possession — The person who receives the share stands in the dative.
- ullu ülüş aŋa jetgendi — a large share fell to him
- atamdan menŋe kitabla jetdile — books passed to me from my father
- ayırılğanımda menŋe eki iynek jetdi — when I set up on my own, two cows were allotted to me
15. grow up, become an adult — Said of children reaching adulthood.
- sabiyleriŋ jetgendile — your children have grown up
- jaşçıq jetib qalğandı — the boy has grown up
- qızla bek terk jetedile — girls grow up very fast
16. bring up, touch upon — Said of raising a subject or a person in conversation; what is touched upon stands in the dative.
- sen ol haparğa jetme — don't bring up that story
- ölgenlege jetme! — don't bring up the dead!
- bu işge jeterge kerek tüldü — there is no need to bring up this matter
17. fall to someone's lot, befall — The person whose lot it is stands in the dative.
- aytırğa menŋe jetdi — it fell to me to speak
- bu jumuşnu eterge senŋe jetdi — it fell to you to do this task
- ullu qıyınlıq bizni üyürge jetdi — a great misfortune befell our family
- zorluq qıyınlıq jetgen adamla — people whom hardship and misfortune befell
- eskilikni kürerge jetsem, kürekme — if it falls to me to sweep out the old, I am a shovel
18. grow long, grow out — Said of hair, a beard or nails.
- saqalıŋ jetgendi — your beard has grown long
- anı çaçı jetib qalğandı — his hair has grown long
- seni tırnaqlarıŋ bek jetgendile — your nails have grown very long
19. turn a given age, reach an age — The person stands in the genitive and the number of years carries a possessive suffix.
- jaşçıqnı on jılı jetdi — the boy turned ten
- qızçıqnı beş jılı jetdi — the little girl turned five
- meni jıyırma jılım jetgendi — I have turned twenty
20. afflict, strike — Said of an illness, the cold or a blow reaching someone, who stands in the dative.
- sabiylege kesekle jetgendile — the flu has struck the children
- menŋe erlay suwuq jetib qaladı — I catch cold very quickly
- bılayıma balta jetgendi — an axe struck me here
21. live until, live to see — The time someone lives to stands in the dative.
- jayğa jeterge — live to see the summer
- qartlıqğa jeterge — live to old age
- appam ol jayğa jetalmadı — my grandfather did not live to see that summer
- qartlıqğa jetgen adam köb köredi — a person who lives to old age sees much
- kelir jılğa quwanç bla jeteyik! — may we live to see the coming year in joy!
Expressions
- ahırına jeterge — be at wit's end
- amanŋa jeterge — be overcome; fall out; what nonsense
- ant jetsin — curse someone
- aqılı jetmezge — fail to grasp
Conjugation
Common forms
- jetedihe is reaching
- jetdihe reached
- jetgendihe has reached
- jeterhe will reach
- jeterikdihe is going to reach
- jete edihe was reaching
- jetseif he reaches
- jet!reach!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjetemeI am reaching | senjeteseyou are reaching | oljetedihe is reaching | bizjetebizwe are reaching | sizjetesizyou all are reaching | alajetedilethey are reaching |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjetmeymeI am not reaching | senjetmeyseyou are not reaching | oljetmeydihe is not reaching | bizjetmeybizwe are not reaching | sizjetmeysizyou all are not reaching | alajetmeydilethey are not reaching |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjetememi? jetemime?am I reaching? | senjetemise?are you reaching? | oljetemidi?is he reaching? | bizjetebizmi? jetemibiz?are we reaching? | sizjetemisiz?are you all reaching? | alajetemidile?are they reaching? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjetmeymemi? jetmeymime?aren't I reaching? | senjetmeymise?aren't you reaching? | oljetmeymidi?isn't he reaching? | bizjetmeybizmi? jetmeymibiz?aren't we reaching? | sizjetmeymisiz?aren't you all reaching? | alajetmeymidile?aren't they reaching? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjetiwçenmeI usually reach | senjetiwçenseyou usually reach | oljetiwçendihe usually reaches | bizjetiwçenbizwe usually reach | sizjetiwçensizyou all usually reach | alajetiwçendilethey usually reach |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjetmewçenmeI usually don't reach | senjetmewçenseyou usually don't reach | oljetmewçendihe usually doesn't reach | bizjetmewçenbizwe usually don't reach | sizjetmewçensizyou all usually don't reach | alajetmewçendilethey usually don't reach |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjetiwçenmemi? jetiwçenmime?do I usually reach? | senjetiwçenmise?do you usually reach? | oljetiwçenmidi?does he usually reach? | bizjetiwçenbizmi? jetiwçenmibiz?do we usually reach? | sizjetiwçenmisiz?do you all usually reach? | alajetiwçenmidile?do they usually reach? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjetmewçenmemi? jetmewçenmime?do I usually not reach? | senjetmewçenmise?do you usually not reach? | oljetmewçenmidi?does he usually not reach? | bizjetmewçenbizmi? jetmewçenmibiz?do we usually not reach? | sizjetmewçenmisiz?do you all usually not reach? | alajetmewçenmidile?do they usually not reach? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljetibdihe has reached and remains so | alajetibdilethey have reached and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljetibmidi?has he reached? | alajetibmidile?have they reached? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjetib turamaI keep reaching | senjetib turasayou keep reaching | oljetib turadıhe keeps reaching | bizjetib turabızwe keep reaching | sizjetib turasızyou all keep reaching | alajetib turadılathey keep reaching |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjetib turmaymaI don't keep reaching | senjetib turmaysayou don't keep reaching | oljetib turmaydıhe doesn't keep reaching | bizjetib turmaybızwe don't keep reaching | sizjetib turmaysızyou all don't keep reaching | alajetib turmaydılathey don't keep reaching |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjetib turamamı? jetib turamıma?do I keep reaching? | senjetib turamısa?do you keep reaching? | oljetib turamıdı?does he keep reaching? | bizjetib turabızmı? jetib turamıbız?do we keep reaching? | sizjetib turamısız?do you all keep reaching? | alajetib turamıdıla?do they keep reaching? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjetib turmaymamı? jetib turmaymıma?don't I keep reaching? | senjetib turmaymısa?don't you keep reaching? | oljetib turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep reaching? | bizjetib turmaybızmı? jetib turmaymıbız?don't we keep reaching? | sizjetib turmaymısız?don't you all keep reaching? | alajetib turmaymıdıla?don't they keep reaching? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjete turamaI am in the middle of reaching | senjete turasayou are in the middle of reaching | oljete turadıhe is in the middle of reaching | bizjete turabızwe are in the middle of reaching | sizjete turasızyou all are in the middle of reaching | alajete turadılathey are in the middle of reaching |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjete turmaymaI am not in the middle of reaching | senjete turmaysayou are not in the middle of reaching | oljete turmaydıhe is not in the middle of reaching | bizjete turmaybızwe are not in the middle of reaching | sizjete turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of reaching | alajete turmaydılathey are not in the middle of reaching |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjete turamamı? jete turamıma?am I in the middle of reaching? | senjete turamısa?are you in the middle of reaching? | oljete turamıdı?is he in the middle of reaching? | bizjete turabızmı? jete turamıbız?are we in the middle of reaching? | sizjete turamısız?are you all in the middle of reaching? | alajete turamıdıla?are they in the middle of reaching? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjete turmaymamı? jete turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of reaching? | senjete turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of reaching? | oljete turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of reaching? | bizjete turmaybızmı? jete turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of reaching? | sizjete turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of reaching? | alajete turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of reaching? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjetdimI reached | senjetdiŋyou reached | oljetdihe reached | bizjetdikwe reached | sizjetdigizyou all reached | alajetdilethey reached |
| Simple past (definite) | menjetmedimI didn't reach | senjetmediŋyou didn't reach | oljetmedihe didn't reach | bizjetmedikwe didn't reach | sizjetmedigizyou all didn't reach | alajetmedilethey didn't reach |
| Simple past (definite) | menjetdimmi?did I reach? | senjetdiŋmi?did you reach? | oljetdimi?did he reach? | bizjetdikmi?did we reach? | sizjetdigizmi?did you all reach? | alajetdilemi?did they reach? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjetmedimmi?didn't I reach? | senjetmediŋmi?didn't you reach? | oljetmedimi?didn't he reach? | bizjetmedikmi?didn't we reach? | sizjetmedigizmi?didn't you all reach? | alajetmedilemi?didn't they reach? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjetgenmeI have reached | senjetgenseyou have reached | oljetgendihe has reached | bizjetgenbizwe have reached | sizjetgensizyou all have reached | alajetgendilethey have reached |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjetmegenmeI haven't reached | senjetmegenseyou haven't reached | oljetmegendihe hasn't reached | bizjetmegenbizwe haven't reached | sizjetmegensizyou all haven't reached | alajetmegendilethey haven't reached |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjetgenmemi? jetgenmime?have I reached? | senjetgenmise?have you reached? | oljetgenmidi?has he reached? | bizjetgenbizmi? jetgenmibiz?have we reached? | sizjetgenmisiz?have you all reached? | alajetgenmidile?have they reached? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjetmegenmemi? jetmegenmime?haven't I reached? | senjetmegenmise?haven't you reached? | oljetmegenmidi?hasn't he reached? | bizjetmegenbizmi? jetmegenmibiz?haven't we reached? | sizjetmegenmisiz?haven't you all reached? | alajetmegenmidile?haven't they reached? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjetib turdumI kept reaching | senjetib turduŋyou kept reaching | oljetib turduhe kept reaching | bizjetib turduqwe kept reaching | sizjetib turduğuzyou all kept reaching | alajetib turdulathey kept reaching |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjetib turmadımI didn't keep reaching | senjetib turmadıŋyou didn't keep reaching | oljetib turmadıhe didn't keep reaching | bizjetib turmadıqwe didn't keep reaching | sizjetib turmadığızyou all didn't keep reaching | alajetib turmadılathey didn't keep reaching |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjetermeI will reach | senjeterseyou will reach | oljeterhe will reach | bizjeterbizwe will reach | sizjetersizyou all will reach | alajeterlethey will reach |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjetmezmeI won't reach | senjetmezseyou won't reach | oljetmezhe won't reach | bizjetmezbizwe won't reach | sizjetmezsizyou all won't reach | alajetmezlethey won't reach |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjetermemi? jetermime?will I reach? | senjetermise?will you reach? | oljetermi?will he reach? | bizjeterbizmi? jetermibiz?will we reach? | sizjetermisiz?will you all reach? | alajeterlemi? jetermile?will they reach? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjetmezmemi? jetmezmime?won't I reach? | senjetmezmise?won't you reach? | oljetmezmi?won't he reach? | bizjetmezbizmi? jetmezmibiz?won't we reach? | sizjetmezmisiz?won't you all reach? | alajetmezlemi? jetmezmile?won't they reach? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjeterikmeI am going to reach | senjeterikseyou are going to reach | oljeterikdihe is going to reach | bizjeterikbizwe are going to reach | sizjeteriksizyou all are going to reach | alajeterikdilethey are going to reach |
| Definite future (future II) | menjeterik tülmeI am not going to reach | senjeterik tülseyou are not going to reach | oljeterik tüldühe is not going to reach | bizjeterik tülbüzwe are not going to reach | sizjeterik tülsüzyou all are not going to reach | alajeterik tüldülethey are not going to reach |
| Definite future (future II) | menjeterikmemi? jeterikmime?am I going to reach? | senjeterikmise?are you going to reach? | oljeterikmidi?is he going to reach? | bizjeterikbizmi? jeterikmibiz?are we going to reach? | sizjeterikmisiz?are you all going to reach? | alajeterikmidile?are they going to reach? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjeterik tülmüme?aren't I going to reach? | senjeterik tülmüse?aren't you going to reach? | oljeterik tülmüdü?isn't he going to reach? | bizjeterik tülmübüz?aren't we going to reach? | sizjeterik tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to reach? | alajeterik tülmüdüle?aren't they going to reach? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjetgen edimjetgenemI had reached | senjetgen ediŋjetgeneŋyou had reached | oljetgen edijetgenedhe had reached | bizjetgen edikjetgenekwe had reached | sizjetgen edigizjetgenegizyou all had reached | alajetgen edilejetgenellethey had reached |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjetmegen edimjetmegenemI hadn't reached | senjetmegen ediŋjetmegeneŋyou hadn't reached | oljetmegen edijetmegenedhe hadn't reached | bizjetmegen edikjetmegenekwe hadn't reached | sizjetmegen edigizjetmegenegizyou all hadn't reached | alajetmegen edilejetmegenellethey hadn't reached |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjete edimjetemI was reaching | senjete ediŋjeteŋyou were reaching | oljete edijetedhe was reaching | bizjete edikjetekwe were reaching | sizjete edigizjetegizyou all were reaching | alajete edilejetellethey were reaching |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjetmey edimjetmeyemI wasn't reaching | senjetmey ediŋjetmeyeŋyou weren't reaching | oljetmey edijetmeyedhe wasn't reaching | bizjetmey edikjetmeyekwe weren't reaching | sizjetmey edigizjetmeyegizyou all weren't reaching | alajetmey edilejetmeyellethey weren't reaching |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menjetiwçen edimjetiwçenemI used to reach | senjetiwçen ediŋjetiwçeneŋyou used to reach | oljetiwçen edijetiwçenedhe used to reach | bizjetiwçen edikjetiwçenekwe used to reach | sizjetiwçen edigizjetiwçenegizyou all used to reach | alajetiwçen edilejetiwçenellethey used to reach |
| Habitual past (used to) | menjetmewçen edimjetmewçenemI didn't use to reach | senjetmewçen ediŋjetmewçeneŋyou didn't use to reach | oljetmewçen edijetmewçenedhe didn't use to reach | bizjetmewçen edikjetmewçenekwe didn't use to reach | sizjetmewçen edigizjetmewçenegizyou all didn't use to reach | alajetmewçen edilejetmewçenellethey didn't use to reach |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljetib edihe had reached and remained so | alajetib edilethey had reached and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljetib tül edihe hadn't reached | alajetib tül edilethey hadn't reached | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjetib tura edimjetib turaemI had kept reaching | senjetib tura ediŋjetib turaeŋyou had kept reaching | oljetib tura edijetib turaedhe had kept reaching | bizjetib tura edikjetib turaekwe had kept reaching | sizjetib tura edigizjetib turaegizyou all had kept reaching | alajetib tura edilejetib turaellethey had kept reaching |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjetib turmay edimjetib turmayemI hadn't kept reaching | senjetib turmay ediŋjetib turmayeŋyou hadn't kept reaching | oljetib turmay edijetib turmayedhe hadn't kept reaching | bizjetib turmay edikjetib turmayekwe hadn't kept reaching | sizjetib turmay edigizjetib turmayegizyou all hadn't kept reaching | alajetib turmay edilejetib turmayellethey hadn't kept reaching |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjete tura edimjete turaemI was in the middle of reaching | senjete tura ediŋjete turaeŋyou were in the middle of reaching | oljete tura edijete turaedhe was in the middle of reaching | bizjete tura edikjete turaekwe were in the middle of reaching | sizjete tura edigizjete turaegizyou all were in the middle of reaching | alajete tura edilejete turaellethey were in the middle of reaching |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjete turmay edimjete turmayemI wasn't in the middle of reaching | senjete turmay ediŋjete turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of reaching | oljete turmay edijete turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of reaching | bizjete turmay edikjete turmayekwe weren't in the middle of reaching | sizjete turmay edigizjete turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of reaching | alajete turmay edilejete turmayellethey weren't in the middle of reaching |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menjeter edimjeter emI would reach | senjeter ediŋjeter eŋyou would reach | oljeter edijeter edhe would reach | bizjeter edikjeter ekwe would reach | sizjeter edigizjeter egizyou all would reach | alajeter edilejeter ellethey would reach |
| Conditional result (would) | menjetmez edimjetmez emI wouldn't reach | senjetmez ediŋjetmez eŋyou wouldn't reach | oljetmez edijetmez edhe wouldn't reach | bizjetmez edikjetmez ekwe wouldn't reach | sizjetmez edigizjetmez egizyou all wouldn't reach | alajetmez edilejetmez ellethey wouldn't reach |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjeterik edimjeterik emI would have reached | senjeterik ediŋjeterik eŋyou would have reached | oljeterik edijeterik edhe would have reached | bizjeterik edikjeterik ekwe would have reached | sizjeterik edigizjeterik egizyou all would have reached | alajeterik edilejeterik ellethey would have reached |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjeterik tül edimjeterik tül emI wouldn't have reached | senjeterik tül ediŋjeterik tül eŋyou wouldn't have reached | oljeterik tül edijeterik tül edhe wouldn't have reached | bizjeterik tül edikjeterik tül ekwe wouldn't have reached | sizjeterik tül edigizjeterik tül egizyou all wouldn't have reached | alajeterik tül edilejeterik tül ellethey wouldn't have reached |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menjetsemif I reach | senjetseŋif you reach | oljetseif he reaches | bizjetsekif we reach | sizjetsegizif you all reach | alajetseleif they reach |
| Conditional | menjetmesemif I don't reach | senjetmeseŋif you don't reach | oljetmeseif he doesn't reach | bizjetmesekif we don't reach | sizjetmesegizif you all don't reach | alajetmeseleif they don't reach |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menjete esemif I am reaching | senjete eseŋif you are reaching | oljete eseif he is reaching | bizjete esekif we are reaching | sizjete esegizif you all are reaching | alajete eseleif they are reaching |
| Conditional, present real | menjetmey esemif I am not reaching | senjetmey eseŋif you are not reaching | oljetmey eseif he is not reaching | bizjetmey esekif we are not reaching | sizjetmey esegizif you all are not reaching | alajetmey eseleif they are not reaching |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjetsem edijetsem edif only I reached | senjetseŋ edijetseŋ edif only you reached | oljetse edijetsedif only he reached | bizjetsek edijetsek edif only we reached | sizjetsegiz edijetsegiz edif only you all reached | alajetsele edijetseledif only they reached |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjetmesem edijetmesem edif only I didn't reach | senjetmeseŋ edijetmeseŋ edif only you didn't reach | oljetmese edijetmesedif only he didn't reach | bizjetmesek edijetmesek edif only we didn't reach | sizjetmesegiz edijetmesegiz edif only you all didn't reach | alajetmesele edijetmeseledif only they didn't reach |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menjetib tursamif I carry on reaching | senjetib tursaŋif you carry on reaching | oljetib tursaif he carries on reaching | bizjetib tursaqif we carry on reaching | sizjetib tursağızif you all carry on reaching | alajetib tursalaif they carry on reaching |
| Durative conditional | menjetib turmasamif I don't carry on reaching | senjetib turmasaŋif you don't carry on reaching | oljetib turmasaif he doesn't carry on reaching | bizjetib turmasaqif we don't carry on reaching | sizjetib turmasağızif you all don't carry on reaching | alajetib turmasalaif they don't carry on reaching |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menjetib tura esemif I have kept reaching | senjetib tura eseŋif you have kept reaching | oljetib tura eseif he has kept reaching | bizjetib tura esekif we have kept reaching | sizjetib tura esegizif you all have kept reaching | alajetib tura eseleif they have kept reaching |
| Durative conditional, present real | menjetib turmay esemif I haven't kept reaching | senjetib turmay eseŋif you haven't kept reaching | oljetib turmay eseif he hasn't kept reaching | bizjetib turmay esekif we haven't kept reaching | sizjetib turmay esegizif you all haven't kept reaching | alajetib turmay eseleif they haven't kept reaching |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menjete tursamif I keep reaching | senjete tursaŋif you keep reaching | oljete tursaif he keeps reaching | bizjete tursaqif we keep reaching | sizjete tursağızif you all keep reaching | alajete tursalaif they keep reaching |
| Progressive conditional | menjetmey tursamif I keep on not reaching | senjetmey tursaŋif you keep on not reaching | oljetmey tursaif he keeps on not reaching | bizjetmey tursaqif we keep on not reaching | sizjetmey tursağızif you all keep on not reaching | alajetmey tursalaif they keep on not reaching |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjete tura esemif I am in the middle of reaching | senjete tura eseŋif you are in the middle of reaching | oljete tura eseif he is in the middle of reaching | bizjete tura esekif we are in the middle of reaching | sizjete tura esegizif you all are in the middle of reaching | alajete tura eseleif they are in the middle of reaching |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjetmey tura esemif I keep on not reaching | senjetmey tura eseŋif you keep on not reaching | oljetmey tura eseif he keeps on not reaching | bizjetmey tura esekif we keep on not reaching | sizjetmey tura esegizif you all keep on not reaching | alajetmey tura eseleif they keep on not reaching |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menjetdim esemif I reached | senjetdiŋ eseŋif you reached | oljetdi eseif he reached | bizjetdik esekif we reached | sizjetdigiz esegizif you all reached | alajetdile eseleif they reached |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menjetmedim esemif I didn't reach | senjetmediŋ eseŋif you didn't reach | oljetmedi eseif he didn't reach | bizjetmedik esekif we didn't reach | sizjetmedigiz esegizif you all didn't reach | alajetmedile eseleif they didn't reach |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menjetgen esemif I did reach (indeed) | senjetgen eseŋif you did reach (indeed) | oljetgen eseif he did reach (indeed) | bizjetgen esekif we did reach (indeed) | sizjetgen esegizif you all did reach (indeed) | alajetgen eseleif they did reach (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menjetmegen esemif I didn't reach (indeed) | senjetmegen eseŋif you didn't reach (indeed) | oljetmegen eseif he didn't reach (indeed) | bizjetmegen esekif we didn't reach (indeed) | sizjetmegen esegizif you all didn't reach (indeed) | alajetmegen eseleif they didn't reach (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjetgen bolsamif I had reached | senjetgen bolsaŋif you had reached | oljetgen bolsaif he had reached | bizjetgen bolsaqif we had reached | sizjetgen bolsağızif you all had reached | alajetgen bolsalaif they had reached |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjetmegen bolsamif I hadn't reached | senjetmegen bolsaŋif you hadn't reached | oljetmegen bolsaif he hadn't reached | bizjetmegen bolsaqif we hadn't reached | sizjetmegen bolsağızif you all hadn't reached | alajetmegen bolsalaif they hadn't reached |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjetgen bolsam edijetgen bolsam edif only I had reached | senjetgen bolsaŋ edijetgen bolsaŋ edif only you had reached | oljetgen bolsa edijetgen bolsaedif only he had reached | bizjetgen bolsaq edijetgen bolsaq edif only we had reached | sizjetgen bolsağız edijetgen bolsağız edif only you all had reached | alajetgen bolsala edijetgen bolsalaedif only they had reached |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjetmegen bolsam edijetmegen bolsam edif only I hadn't reached | senjetmegen bolsaŋ edijetmegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't reached | oljetmegen bolsa edijetmegen bolsaedif only he hadn't reached | bizjetmegen bolsaq edijetmegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't reached | sizjetmegen bolsağız edijetmegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't reached | alajetmegen bolsala edijetmegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't reached |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menjeter esemif I will reach | senjeter eseŋif you will reach | oljeter eseif he will reach | bizjeter esekif we will reach | sizjeter esegizif you all will reach | alajeter eseleif they will reach |
| Conditional, aorist | menjetmez esemif I won't reach | senjetmez eseŋif you won't reach | oljetmez eseif he won't reach | bizjetmez esekif we won't reach | sizjetmez esegizif you all won't reach | alajetmez eseleif they won't reach |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menjeterik esemif I am going to reach | senjeterik eseŋif you are going to reach | oljeterik eseif he is going to reach | bizjeterik esekif we are going to reach | sizjeterik esegizif you all are going to reach | alajeterik eseleif they are going to reach |
| Conditional, future | menjeterik tül esemif I am not going to reach | senjeterik tül eseŋif you are not going to reach | oljeterik tül eseif he is not going to reach | bizjeterik tül esekif we are not going to reach | sizjeterik tül esegizif you all are not going to reach | alajeterik tül eseleif they are not going to reach |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjeterik bolsamif I were going to reach | senjeterik bolsaŋif you were going to reach | oljeterik bolsaif he were going to reach | bizjeterik bolsaqif we were going to reach | sizjeterik bolsağızif you all were going to reach | alajeterik bolsalaif they were going to reach |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjetmezlik bolsamif I were not going to reach | senjetmezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to reach | oljetmezlik bolsaif he were not going to reach | bizjetmezlik bolsaqif we were not going to reach | sizjetmezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to reach | alajetmezlik bolsalaif they were not going to reach |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso jetdiŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjete bolurmaI must be reaching | senjete bolursayou must be reaching | oljete bolurhe must be reaching | bizjete bolurbuzwe must be reaching | sizjete bolursuzyou all must be reaching | alajete bolurlathey must be reaching |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjetmey bolurmaI must not be reaching | senjetmey bolursayou must not be reaching | oljetmey bolurhe must not be reaching | bizjetmey bolurbuzwe must not be reaching | sizjetmey bolursuzyou all must not be reaching | alajetmey bolurlathey must not be reaching |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjete tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of reaching | senjete tura bolursayou must be in the middle of reaching | oljete tura bolurhe must be in the middle of reaching | bizjete tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of reaching | sizjete tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of reaching | alajete tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of reaching |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjetmey tura bolurmaI must keep on not reaching | senjetmey tura bolursayou must keep on not reaching | oljetmey tura bolurhe must keep on not reaching | bizjetmey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not reaching | sizjetmey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not reaching | alajetmey tura bolurlathey must keep on not reaching |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menjetgen bolurmaI must have reached | senjetgen bolursayou must have reached | oljetgen bolurhe must have reached | bizjetgen bolurbuzwe must have reached | sizjetgen bolursuzyou all must have reached | alajetgen bolurlathey must have reached |
| Inference (must have) | menjetmegen bolurmaI must not have reached | senjetmegen bolursayou must not have reached | oljetmegen bolurhe must not have reached | bizjetmegen bolurbuzwe must not have reached | sizjetmegen bolursuzyou all must not have reached | alajetmegen bolurlathey must not have reached |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjeterik bolurmaI must be going to reach | senjeterik bolursayou must be going to reach | oljeterik bolurhe must be going to reach | bizjeterik bolurbuzwe must be going to reach | sizjeterik bolursuzyou all must be going to reach | alajeterik bolurlathey must be going to reach |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjetmezlik bolurmaI must not be going to reach | senjetmezlik bolursayou must not be going to reach | oljetmezlik bolurhe must not be going to reach | bizjetmezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to reach | sizjetmezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to reach | alajetmezlik bolurlathey must not be going to reach |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menjeteyimlet me reach | senjet!reach! | oljetsinlet him reach | bizjeteyiklet's reach | sizjetigiz!reach, you all! | alajetsinlelet them reach |
| Commands & suggestions | menjetmeyimlet me not reach | senjetme!don't reach! | oljetmesinlet him not reach | bizjetmeyiklet's not reach | sizjetmegiz!don't reach, you all! | alajetmesinlelet them not reach |
| Commands & suggestions | menjeteyimmi?shall I reach? | oljetsinmi?should he reach? | bizjeteyikmi?shall we reach? | alajetsinlemi?should they reach? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menjetmeyimmi?shall I not reach? | oljetmesinmi?should he not reach? | bizjetmeyikmi?shall we not reach? | alajetmesinlemi?should they not reach? | ||
| Requests | senjetçi2jetçinplease reach | oljetsinçido let him reach | sizjetçigizplease reach (plural/polite) | alajetsinleçido let them reach | ||
| Requests | senjetmeçi2jetmeçinplease don't reach | oljetmesinçido let him not reach | sizjetmeçigizplease don't reach (plural/polite) | alajetmesinleçido let them not reach | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjetginjetgimay you reach | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjetmeginjetmegimay you not reach | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjetgey edim jetge edimwould that I reached | senjetgey ediŋ jetge ediŋwould that you reached | oljetgey edi jetge ediwould that he reached | bizjetgey edik jetge edikwould that we reached | sizjetgey edigiz jetge edigizwould that you all reached | alajetgey edile jetge edilewould that they reached |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjetmegey edim jetmege edimwould that I did not reach | senjetmegey ediŋ jetmege ediŋwould that you did not reach | oljetmegey edi jetmege ediwould that he did not reach | bizjetmegey edik jetmege edikwould that we did not reach | sizjetmegey edigiz jetmege edigizwould that you all did not reach | alajetmegey edile jetmege edilewould that they did not reach |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjetmege qoyayımjetme qoyayımlet me allow someone to reach | senjetmege qoy!jetme qoy!let someone reach! | oljetmege qoysunjetme qoysunlet him allow someone to reach | bizjetmege qoyayıqjetme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to reach | sizjetmege qoyuğuz!jetme qoyuğuz!let someone reach, you all! | alajetmege qoysunlajetme qoysunlalet them allow someone to reach |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjetmege qoymayımjetme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to reach | senjetmege qoyma!jetme qoyma!don't let someone reach! | oljetmege qoymasınjetme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to reach | bizjetmege qoymayıqjetme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to reach | sizjetmege qoymağız!jetme qoymağız!don't let someone reach, you all! | alajetmege qoymasınlajetme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to reach |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjetmege qoyayımmı?jetme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to reach? | oljetmege qoysunmu?jetme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to reach? | bizjetmege qoyayıqmı?jetme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to reach? | alajetmege qoysunlamı?jetme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to reach? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjetmege qoymayımmı?jetme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to reach? | oljetmege qoymasınmı?jetme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to reach? | bizjetmege qoymayıqmı?jetme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to reach? | alajetmege qoymasınlamı?jetme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to reach? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menjetmege qoyamajetme qoyamaI allow someone to reach | senjetmege qoyasajetme qoyasayou allow someone to reach | oljetmege qoyadıjetme qoyadıhe allows someone to reach | bizjetmege qoyabızjetme qoyabızwe allow someone to reach | sizjetmege qoyasızjetme qoyasızyou all allow someone to reach | alajetmege qoyadılajetme qoyadılathey allow someone to reach |
| Let someone… (present) | menjetmege qoymaymajetme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to reach | senjetmege qoymaysajetme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to reach | oljetmege qoymaydıjetme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to reach | bizjetmege qoymaybızjetme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to reach | sizjetmege qoymaysızjetme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to reach | alajetmege qoymaydılajetme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to reach |
| Let someone… (present) | menjetmege qoyamamı?jetme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to reach? | senjetmege qoyamısa?jetme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to reach? | oljetmege qoyamıdı?jetme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to reach? | bizjetmege qoyabızmı?jetme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to reach? | sizjetmege qoyamısız?jetme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to reach? | alajetmege qoyamıdıla?jetme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to reach? |
| Let someone… (present) | menjetmege qoymaymamı?jetme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to reach? | senjetmege qoymaymısa?jetme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to reach? | oljetmege qoymaymıdı?jetme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to reach? | bizjetmege qoymaybızmı?jetme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to reach? | sizjetmege qoymaymısız?jetme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to reach? | alajetmege qoymaymıdıla?jetme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to reach? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjetmege qoydumjetme qoydumI allowed someone to reach | senjetmege qoyduŋjetme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to reach | oljetmege qoydujetme qoyduhe allowed someone to reach | bizjetmege qoyduqjetme qoyduqwe allowed someone to reach | sizjetmege qoyduğuzjetme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to reach | alajetmege qoydulajetme qoydulathey allowed someone to reach |
| Let someone… (past) | menjetmege qoymadımjetme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to reach | senjetmege qoymadıŋjetme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to reach | oljetmege qoymadıjetme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to reach | bizjetmege qoymadıqjetme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to reach | sizjetmege qoymadığızjetme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to reach | alajetmege qoymadılajetme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to reach |
| Let someone… (past) | menjetmege qoydummu?jetme qoydummu?did I allow someone to reach? | senjetmege qoyduŋmu?jetme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to reach? | oljetmege qoydumu?jetme qoydumu?did he allow someone to reach? | bizjetmege qoyduqmu?jetme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to reach? | sizjetmege qoyduğuzmu?jetme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to reach? | alajetmege qoydulamı?jetme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to reach? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjetmege qoymadımmı?jetme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to reach? | senjetmege qoymadıŋmı?jetme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to reach? | oljetmege qoymadımı?jetme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to reach? | bizjetmege qoymadıqmı?jetme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to reach? | sizjetmege qoymadığızmı?jetme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to reach? | alajetmege qoymadılamı?jetme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to reach? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menjetalamaI can reach | senjetalasayou can reach | oljetaladıhe can reach | bizjetalabızwe can reach | sizjetalasızyou all can reach | alajetaladılathey can reach |
| Ability — present | menjetalmaymaI can't reach | senjetalmaysayou can't reach | oljetalmaydıhe can't reach | bizjetalmaybızwe can't reach | sizjetalmaysızyou all can't reach | alajetalmaydılathey can't reach |
| Ability — present | menjetalamamı? jetalamıma?can I reach? | senjetalamısa?can you reach? | oljetalamıdı?can he reach? | bizjetalabızmı? jetalamıbız?can we reach? | sizjetalamısız?can you all reach? | alajetalamıdıla?can they reach? |
| Ability — present | menjetalmaymamı? jetalmaymıma?can't I reach? | senjetalmaymısa?can't you reach? | oljetalmaymıdı?can't he reach? | bizjetalmaybızmı? jetalmaymıbız?can't we reach? | sizjetalmaymısız?can't you all reach? | alajetalmaymıdıla?can't they reach? |
| Ability — if I can… | menjetalsamif I can reach | senjetalsaŋif you can reach | oljetalsaif he can reach | bizjetalsaqif we can reach | sizjetalsağızif you all can reach | alajetalsalaif they can reach |
| Ability — if I can… | menjetalmasamif I can't reach | senjetalmasaŋif you can't reach | oljetalmasaif he can't reach | bizjetalmasaqif we can't reach | sizjetalmasağızif you all can't reach | alajetalmasalaif they can't reach |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menjetaldımI was able to reach | senjetaldıŋyou were able to reach | oljetaldıhe was able to reach | bizjetaldıqwe were able to reach | sizjetaldığızyou all were able to reach | alajetaldılathey were able to reach |
| Ability — simple past | menjetalmadımI could not reach | senjetalmadıŋyou could not reach | oljetalmadıhe could not reach | bizjetalmadıqwe could not reach | sizjetalmadığızyou all could not reach | alajetalmadılathey could not reach |
| Ability — simple past | menjetaldımmı?was I able to reach? | senjetaldıŋmı?were you able to reach? | oljetaldımı?was he able to reach? | bizjetaldıqmı?were we able to reach? | sizjetaldığızmı?were you all able to reach? | alajetaldılamı?were they able to reach? |
| Ability — simple past | menjetalmadımmı?couldn't I reach? | senjetalmadıŋmı?couldn't you reach? | oljetalmadımı?couldn't he reach? | bizjetalmadıqmı?couldn't we reach? | sizjetalmadığızmı?couldn't you all reach? | alajetalmadılamı?couldn't they reach? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjetalğanmaI have been able to reach | senjetalğansayou have been able to reach | oljetalğandıhe has been able to reach | bizjetalğanbızwe have been able to reach | sizjetalğansızyou all have been able to reach | alajetalğandılathey have been able to reach |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjetalmağanmaI haven't been able to reach | senjetalmağansayou haven't been able to reach | oljetalmağandıhe hasn't been able to reach | bizjetalmağanbızwe haven't been able to reach | sizjetalmağansızyou all haven't been able to reach | alajetalmağandılathey haven't been able to reach |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjetalğanmamı? jetalğanmıma?have I been able to reach? | senjetalğanmısa?have you been able to reach? | oljetalğanmıdı?has he been able to reach? | bizjetalğanbızmı? jetalğanmıbız?have we been able to reach? | sizjetalğanmısız?have you all been able to reach? | alajetalğanmıdıla?have they been able to reach? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjetalmağanmamı? jetalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to reach? | senjetalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to reach? | oljetalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to reach? | bizjetalmağanbızmı? jetalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to reach? | sizjetalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to reach? | alajetalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to reach? |
| Ability — past perfect | menjetalğan edimjetalğanemI had been able to reach | senjetalğan ediŋjetalğaneŋyou had been able to reach | oljetalğan edijetalğanedhe had been able to reach | bizjetalğan edikjetalğanekwe had been able to reach | sizjetalğan edigizjetalğanegizyou all had been able to reach | alajetalğan edilejetalğanellethey had been able to reach |
| Ability — past perfect | menjetalmağan edimjetalmağanemI hadn't been able to reach | senjetalmağan ediŋjetalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to reach | oljetalmağan edijetalmağanedhe hadn't been able to reach | bizjetalmağan edikjetalmağanekwe hadn't been able to reach | sizjetalmağan edigizjetalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to reach | alajetalmağan edilejetalmağanellethey hadn't been able to reach |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menjetala edimjetalaemI could reach | senjetala ediŋjetalaeŋyou could reach | oljetala edijetalaedhe could reach | bizjetala edikjetalaekwe could reach | sizjetala edigizjetalaegizyou all could reach | alajetala edilejetalaellethey could reach |
| Ability — past background | menjetalmay edimjetalmayemI could not reach | senjetalmay ediŋjetalmayeŋyou could not reach | oljetalmay edijetalmayedhe could not reach | bizjetalmay edikjetalmayekwe could not reach | sizjetalmay edigizjetalmayegizyou all could not reach | alajetalmay edilejetalmayellethey could not reach |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menjetalırmaI will be able to reach | senjetalırsayou will be able to reach | oljetalırhe will be able to reach | bizjetalırbızwe will be able to reach | sizjetalırsızyou all will be able to reach | alajetalırlathey will be able to reach |
| Ability — future I | menjetalmazmaI won't be able to reach | senjetalmazsayou won't be able to reach | oljetalmazhe won't be able to reach | bizjetalmazbızwe won't be able to reach | sizjetalmazsızyou all won't be able to reach | alajetalmazlathey won't be able to reach |
| Ability — future I | menjetalırmamı? jetalırmıma?will I be able to reach? | senjetalırmısa?will you be able to reach? | oljetalırmı?will he be able to reach? | bizjetalırbızmı? jetalırmıbız?will we be able to reach? | sizjetalırmısız?will you all be able to reach? | alajetalırlamı? jetalırmıla?will they be able to reach? |
| Ability — future I | menjetalmazmamı? jetalmazmıma?won't I be able to reach? | senjetalmazmısa?won't you be able to reach? | oljetalmazmı?won't he be able to reach? | bizjetalmazbızmı? jetalmazmıbız?won't we be able to reach? | sizjetalmazmısız?won't you all be able to reach? | alajetalmazlamı? jetalmazmıla?won't they be able to reach? |
| Ability — future II | menjetallıqmaI am going to be able to reach | senjetallıqsayou are going to be able to reach | oljetallıqdıhe is going to be able to reach | bizjetallıqbızwe are going to be able to reach | sizjetallıqsızyou all are going to be able to reach | alajetallıqdılathey are going to be able to reach |
| Ability — future II | menjetallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to reach | senjetallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to reach | oljetallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to reach | bizjetallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to reach | sizjetallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to reach | alajetallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to reach |
| Ability — future II | menjetallıqmamı? jetallıqmıma?am I going to be able to reach? | senjetallıqmısa?are you going to be able to reach? | oljetallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to reach? | bizjetallıqbızmı? jetallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to reach? | sizjetallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to reach? | alajetallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to reach? |
| Ability — future II | menjetallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to reach? | senjetallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to reach? | oljetallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to reach? | bizjetallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to reach? | sizjetallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to reach? | alajetallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to reach? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjetalır edimjetalır emI would be able to reach | senjetalır ediŋjetalır eŋyou would be able to reach | oljetalır edijetalır edhe would be able to reach | bizjetalır edikjetalır ekwe would be able to reach | sizjetalır edigizjetalır egizyou all would be able to reach | alajetalır edilejetalır ellethey would be able to reach |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjetalmaz edimjetalmaz emI wouldn't be able to reach | senjetalmaz ediŋjetalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to reach | oljetalmaz edijetalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to reach | bizjetalmaz edikjetalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to reach | sizjetalmaz edigizjetalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to reach | alajetalmaz edilejetalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to reach |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjetalğınjetalğımay you be able to reach | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjetalmağınjetalmağımay you not be able to reach | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menjeterge izleymeI want to reach | senjeterge izleyseyou want to reach | oljeterge izleydihe wants to reach | bizjeterge izleybizwe want to reach | sizjeterge izleysizyou all want to reach | alajeterge izleydilethey want to reach |
| want to | menjeterge izlemeymeI do not want to reach | senjeterge izlemeyseyou do not want to reach | oljeterge izlemeydihe does not want to reach | bizjeterge izlemeybizwe do not want to reach | sizjeterge izlemeysizyou all do not want to reach | alajeterge izlemeydilethey do not want to reach |
| would like to | menjeterge süemeI would like to reach | senjeterge süeseyou would like to reach | oljeterge süedihe would like to reach | bizjeterge süebizwe would like to reach | sizjeterge süesizyou all would like to reach | alajeterge süedilethey would like to reach |
| would like to | menjeterge süymeymeI would not like to reach | senjeterge süymeyseyou would not like to reach | oljeterge süymeydihe would not like to reach | bizjeterge süymeybizwe would not like to reach | sizjeterge süymeysizyou all would not like to reach | alajeterge süymeydilethey would not like to reach |
| hope to | menjeterge umutlanamaI hope to reach | senjeterge umutlanasayou hope to reach | oljeterge umutlanadıhe hopes to reach | bizjeterge umutlanabızwe hope to reach | sizjeterge umutlanasızyou all hope to reach | alajeterge umutlanadılathey hope to reach |
| hope to | menjeterge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to reach | senjeterge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to reach | oljeterge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to reach | bizjeterge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to reach | sizjeterge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to reach | alajeterge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to reach |
| be about to | menjeterge deb turamaI am about to reach | senjeterge deb turasayou are about to reach | oljeterge deb turadıhe is about to reach | bizjeterge deb turabızwe are about to reach | sizjeterge deb turasızyou all are about to reach | alajeterge deb turadılathey are about to reach |
| be about to | menjeterge deb turmaymaI am not about to reach | senjeterge deb turmaysayou are not about to reach | oljeterge deb turmaydıhe is not about to reach | bizjeterge deb turmaybızwe are not about to reach | sizjeterge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to reach | alajeterge deb turmaydılathey are not about to reach |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menjeterge kerekmeI need to reach | senjeterge kerekseyou need to reach | oljeterge kerekdihe needs to reach | bizjeterge kerekbizwe need to reach | sizjeterge kereksizyou all need to reach | alajeterge kerekdilethey need to reach |
| need to | menjeterge kerek tülmeI do not need to reach | senjeterge kerek tülseyou do not need to reach | oljeterge kerek tüldühe does not need to reach | bizjeterge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to reach | sizjeterge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to reach | alajeterge kerek tüldülethey do not need to reach |
| have to | menmenŋe jeterge tüşediI have to reach | sensenŋe jeterge tüşediyou have to reach | olaŋa jeterge tüşedihe has to reach | bizbizge jeterge tüşediwe have to reach | sizsizge jeterge tüşediyou all have to reach | alaalağa jeterge tüşedithey have to reach |
| have to | menmenŋe jeterge tüşmeydiI do not have to reach | sensenŋe jeterge tüşmeydiyou do not have to reach | olaŋa jeterge tüşmeydihe does not have to reach | bizbizge jeterge tüşmeydiwe do not have to reach | sizsizge jeterge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to reach | alaalağa jeterge tüşmeydithey do not have to reach |
| be obliged to | menjeterge borçlumaI am obliged to reach | senjeterge borçlusayou are obliged to reach | oljeterge borçluduhe is obliged to reach | bizjeterge borçlubuzwe are obliged to reach | sizjeterge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to reach | alajeterge borçludulathey are obliged to reach |
| be obliged to | menjeterge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to reach | senjeterge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to reach | oljeterge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to reach | bizjeterge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to reach | sizjeterge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to reach | alajeterge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to reach |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menjeterge madarım bardıI have a way to reach | senjeterge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to reach | oljeterge madarı bardıhe has a way to reach | bizjeterge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to reach | sizjeterge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to reach | alajeterge madarları bardıthey have a way to reach |
| have a way to | menjeterge madarım joqduI have no way to reach | senjeterge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to reach | oljeterge madarı joqduhe has no way to reach | bizjeterge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to reach | sizjeterge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to reach | alajeterge madarları joqduthey have no way to reach |
| be free to | menjeterge erkinligim bardıI am free to reach | senjeterge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to reach | oljeterge erkinligi bardıhe is free to reach | bizjeterge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to reach | sizjeterge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to reach | alajeterge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to reach |
| be free to | menjeterge erkinligim joqduI am not free to reach | senjeterge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to reach | oljeterge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to reach | bizjeterge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to reach | sizjeterge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to reach | alajeterge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to reach |
| be possible to | menmenŋe jeterge bolluqduit is possible for me to reach | sensenŋe jeterge bolluqduit is possible for you to reach | olaŋa jeterge bolluqduit is possible for him to reach | bizbizge jeterge bolluqduit is possible for us to reach | sizsizge jeterge bolluqduit is possible for you all to reach | alaalağa jeterge bolluqduit is possible for them to reach |
| be possible to | menmenŋe jeterge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to reach | sensenŋe jeterge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to reach | olaŋa jeterge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to reach | bizbizge jeterge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to reach | sizsizge jeterge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to reach | alaalağa jeterge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to reach |
| be ready to | menjeterge hazırmaI am ready to reach | senjeterge hazırsayou are ready to reach | oljeterge hazırdıhe is ready to reach | bizjeterge hazırbızwe are ready to reach | sizjeterge hazırsızyou all are ready to reach | alajeterge hazırdılathey are ready to reach |
| be ready to | menjeterge hazır tülmeI am not ready to reach | senjeterge hazır tülseyou are not ready to reach | oljeterge hazır tüldühe is not ready to reach | bizjeterge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to reach | sizjeterge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to reach | alajeterge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to reach |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menjeterge küreşemeI am trying to reach | senjeterge küreşeseyou are trying to reach | oljeterge küreşedihe is trying to reach | bizjeterge küreşebizwe are trying to reach | sizjeterge küreşesizyou all are trying to reach | alajeterge küreşedilethey are trying to reach |
| try to | menjeterge küreşmeymeI am not trying to reach | senjeterge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to reach | oljeterge küreşmeydihe is not trying to reach | bizjeterge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to reach | sizjeterge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to reach | alajeterge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to reach |
| agree to | menjeterge unaymaI agree to reach | senjeterge unaysayou agree to reach | oljeterge unaydıhe agrees to reach | bizjeterge unaybızwe agree to reach | sizjeterge unaysızyou all agree to reach | alajeterge unaydılathey agree to reach |
| agree to | menjeterge unamaymaI refuse to reach | senjeterge unamaysayou refuse to reach | oljeterge unamaydıhe refuses to reach | bizjeterge unamaybızwe refuse to reach | sizjeterge unamaysızyou all refuse to reach | alajeterge unamaydılathey refuse to reach |
| hurry to | menjeterge aşığamaI am in a hurry to reach | senjeterge aşığasayou are in a hurry to reach | oljeterge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to reach | bizjeterge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to reach | sizjeterge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to reach | alajeterge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to reach |
| hurry to | menjeterge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to reach | senjeterge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to reach | oljeterge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to reach | bizjeterge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to reach | sizjeterge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to reach | alajeterge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to reach |
| be afraid to | menjeterge qorqamaI am afraid to reach | senjeterge qorqasayou are afraid to reach | oljeterge qorqadıhe is afraid to reach | bizjeterge qorqabızwe are afraid to reach | sizjeterge qorqasızyou all are afraid to reach | alajeterge qorqadılathey are afraid to reach |
| be afraid to | menjeterge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to reach | senjeterge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to reach | oljeterge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to reach | bizjeterge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to reach | sizjeterge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to reach | alajeterge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to reach |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menjete bolmazmaI can't be reaching | senjete bolmazsayou can't be reaching | oljete bolmazhe can't be reaching | bizjete bolmazbızwe can't be reaching | sizjete bolmazsızyou all can't be reaching | alajete bolmazlathey can't be reaching |
| Inference, present — double negation | menjetmey bolmazmaI must be reaching (emphatic) | senjetmey bolmazsayou must be reaching (emphatic) | oljetmey bolmazhe must be reaching (emphatic) | bizjetmey bolmazbızwe must be reaching (emphatic) | sizjetmey bolmazsızyou all must be reaching (emphatic) | alajetmey bolmazlathey must be reaching (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menjete turmasamif I don't keep reaching | senjete turmasaŋif you don't keep reaching | oljete turmasaif he doesn't keep reaching | bizjete turmasaqif we don't keep reaching | sizjete turmasağızif you all don't keep reaching | alajete turmasalaif they don't keep reaching |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menjete tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of reaching | senjete tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of reaching | oljete tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of reaching | bizjete tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of reaching | sizjete tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of reaching | alajete tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of reaching |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menjetmey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not reaching (emphatic) | senjetmey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not reaching (emphatic) | oljetmey tura bolmazhe must keep on not reaching (emphatic) | bizjetmey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not reaching (emphatic) | sizjetmey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not reaching (emphatic) | alajetmey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not reaching (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menjetmey turamaI keep on not reaching | senjetmey turasayou keep on not reaching | oljetmey turadıhe keeps on not reaching | bizjetmey turabızwe keep on not reaching | sizjetmey turasızyou all keep on not reaching | alajetmey turadılathey keep on not reaching |
| Progressive — double negation | menjetmey turmaymaI am not keeping on not reaching | senjetmey turmaysayou are not keeping on not reaching | oljetmey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not reaching | bizjetmey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not reaching | sizjetmey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not reaching | alajetmey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not reaching |
| Progressive — double negation | menjetmey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not reaching? | senjetmey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not reaching? | oljetmey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not reaching? | bizjetmey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not reaching? | sizjetmey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not reaching? | alajetmey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not reaching? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menjetgen bolmazmaI can't have reached | senjetgen bolmazsayou can't have reached | oljetgen bolmazhe can't have reached | bizjetgen bolmazbızwe can't have reached | sizjetgen bolmazsızyou all can't have reached | alajetgen bolmazlathey can't have reached |
| Inference — double negation | menjetmegen bolmazmaI must have reached (emphatic) | senjetmegen bolmazsayou must have reached (emphatic) | oljetmegen bolmazhe must have reached (emphatic) | bizjetmegen bolmazbızwe must have reached (emphatic) | sizjetmegen bolmazsızyou all must have reached (emphatic) | alajetmegen bolmazlathey must have reached (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menjetgen bolmasamif it weren't that I had reached | senjetgen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had reached | oljetgen bolmasaif it weren't that he had reached | bizjetgen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had reached | sizjetgen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had reached | alajetgen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had reached |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menjetmegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't reached | senjetmegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't reached | oljetmegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't reached | bizjetmegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't reached | sizjetmegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't reached | alajetmegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't reached |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menjeterik bolmazmaI can't be going to reach | senjeterik bolmazsayou can't be going to reach | oljeterik bolmazhe can't be going to reach | bizjeterik bolmazbızwe can't be going to reach | sizjeterik bolmazsızyou all can't be going to reach | alajeterik bolmazlathey can't be going to reach |
| Inference, future — double negation | menjetmezlik bolmazmaI must be going to reach (emphatic) | senjetmezlik bolmazsayou must be going to reach (emphatic) | oljetmezlik bolmazhe must be going to reach (emphatic) | bizjetmezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to reach (emphatic) | sizjetmezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to reach (emphatic) | alajetmezlik bolmazlathey must be going to reach (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menjeterik bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to reach | senjeterik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to reach | oljeterik bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to reach | bizjeterik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to reach | sizjeterik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to reach | alajeterik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to reach |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menjetmezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to reach | senjetmezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to reach | oljetmezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to reach | bizjetmezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to reach | sizjetmezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to reach | alajetmezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to reach |