salqın
/salqɯn/
1. coolness, cool air — Often of the cool air that comes off the mountains in the morning or evening, as in tawdan salqın uradı "a cool breeze is blowing from the mountain".
- tawdan salqın uradı — cool air blows from the mountain
- salqın ura başlaydı — cool air begins to blow
- iŋirlik salqında — in the evening coolness
- ertdenlik salqın — the morning coolness
- taw salqını jayda bek hıçıwundu — mountain coolness is very pleasant in summer
2. cool, refreshing — Of weather, air, wind or a place that is pleasantly cool, as in salqın kün "a cool day".
- salqın kün — a cool day
- salqın hawa — cool air
- salqın ayaz — a refreshing breeze
- tawda salqındı — it is cool in the mountains
- kün salqın boldu — the day turned cool
- salqın jel çegetden uradı — a cool wind blows from the forest
- salqın künlede işlemek tınç bolur — working on cool days will be easy
- salqın suw boyunda tohtadıq — we stopped by the cool river bank
3. shade — A place the sun does not reach, as in terek salqını "the shade of a tree". Before another noun it means shady.
- terek salqında — in the shade of a tree
- terek salqını — the shade of a tree
- salqında oltur — sit in the shade
- terek salqınında olturub tıŋıladıq — sitting in the shade of the tree, we listened
- tal terekleni salqınında — in the shade of the willow trees
- salqınŋa enib suw içdik — we went down into the shade and drank water
4. gloomy, sullen, downcast — Said of a person's mood, face or look.
- salqın adam — a gloomy person
- bügün ne ese da salqınsa — for some reason you are gloomy today
- atam salqın bolğandı — my father has become gloomy
- jaş bügün salqındı — the young man is gloomy today
5. coldly, sullenly, half-heartedly, without enthusiasm — Often of how someone greets people or treats their work, as in işge salqın qararğa "treat one's work half-heartedly".
- işge salqın qararğa — to treat work half-heartedly
- salqın salamlaşırğa — to greet coldly
- ustaz menŋe salqın qaradı — the teacher looked at me coldly
- qarnaşım işine salqın qaraydı — my brother treats his work half-heartedly
6. cold, indifferent, passive — Of a person's attitude, words or manner, as in salqın salamlaşıw "a cold greeting".
- salqın salamlaşıw — a cold greeting
- salqın juwab berdi — gave a cold answer
- menŋe salqın söz aytdı — said a cold word to me
- anı salqın sözlerin eşitdim — I heard his cold words
7. overcast, cloudy — Of the weather or the day. one source
As a noun
Cases and owners
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | salqınthe coolness | salqınımmy coolness | salqınıŋyour coolness | salqınıhis coolness | salqınıbızour coolness | salqınığızyou all's coolness | salqınlarıtheir coolness |
| Genitive | salqınnıthe coolness' | salqınımımy coolness' | salqınıŋıyour coolness' | salqınınıhis coolness' | salqınıbıznıour coolness' | salqınığıznıyou all's coolness' | salqınlarınıtheir coolness' |
| Accusative | salqınnıthe coolness (as the object) | salqınımımy coolness (as the object) | salqınıŋıyour coolness (as the object) | salqınınhis coolness (as the object) | salqınıbıznıour coolness (as the object) | salqınığıznıyou all's coolness (as the object) | salqınlarıntheir coolness (as the object) |
| Dative | salqınŋato the coolness | salqınımato my coolness | salqınıŋato your coolness | salqınınato his coolness | salqınıbızğato our coolness | salqınığızğato you all's coolness | salqınlarınato their coolness |
| Locative | salqındain / at the coolness | salqınımdain / at my coolness | salqınıŋdain / at your coolness | salqınındain / at his coolness | salqınıbızdain / at our coolness | salqınığızdain / at you all's coolness | salqınlarındain / at their coolness |
| Ablative | salqındanfrom the coolness | salqınımdanfrom my coolness | salqınıŋdanfrom your coolness | salqınındanfrom his coolness | salqınıbızdanfrom our coolness | salqınığızdanfrom you all's coolness | salqınlarındanfrom their coolness |
There is no plural of this word. The ending would attach like any other — it is the word, not the grammar, that refuses: this is not something Karachay counts.
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
As an adjective
Degrees and persons
| Degree | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | salqınmaI am cool | salqınsayou are cool | salqındıhe is cool | salqınbızwe are cool | salqınsızyou all are cool | salqındılathey are cool |
| comparative — more | salqınıraqmaI am cooler | salqınıraqsayou are cooler | salqınıraqdıhe is cooler | salqınıraqbızwe are cooler | salqınıraqsızyou all are cooler | salqınıraqdılathey are cooler |
| intensifier — very | bek salqınmaI am very cool | bek salqınsayou are very cool | bek salqındıhe is very cool | bek salqınbızwe are very cool | bek salqınsızyou all are very cool | bek salqındılathey are very cool |
| superlative — most | em salqınmaI am the coolest | em salqınsayou are the coolest | em salqındıhe is the coolest | em salqınbızwe are the coolest | em salqınsızyou all are the coolest | em salqındılathey are the coolest |
To compare two things, put the loser in the from-form: ol menden salqındı — "compared to me, he is cool."
Saying it about mine, yours, theirs
One thing
| Degree | menikimine | senikiyours | anıqıhis / hers | biznikiours | siznikiyours (pl.) | alanıqıtheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | meniki salqındımine is cool | seniki salqındıyours is cool | anıqı salqındıhis is cool | bizniki salqındıours is cool | sizniki salqındıyours (pl.) is cool | alanıqı salqındıtheirs is cool |
| comparative — more | meniki salqınıraqdımine is cooler | seniki salqınıraqdıyours is cooler | anıqı salqınıraqdıhis is cooler | bizniki salqınıraqdıours is cooler | sizniki salqınıraqdıyours (pl.) is cooler | alanıqı salqınıraqdıtheirs is cooler |
| intensifier — very | meniki bek salqındımine is very cool | seniki bek salqındıyours is very cool | anıqı bek salqındıhis is very cool | bizniki bek salqındıours is very cool | sizniki bek salqındıyours (pl.) is very cool | alanıqı bek salqındıtheirs is very cool |
| superlative — most | meniki em salqındımine is the coolest | seniki em salqındıyours is the coolest | anıqı em salqındıhis is the coolest | bizniki em salqındıours is the coolest | sizniki em salqındıyours (pl.) is the coolest | alanıqı em salqındıtheirs is the coolest |
Several things
| Degree | menikilemine | senikileyours | anıqılahis / hers | biznikileours | siznikileyours (pl.) | alanıqılatheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | menikile salqındılamine are cool | senikile salqındılayours are cool | anıqıla salqındılahis are cool | biznikile salqındılaours are cool | siznikile salqındılayours (pl.) are cool | alanıqıla salqındılatheirs are cool |
| comparative — more | menikile salqınıraqdılamine are cooler | senikile salqınıraqdılayours are cooler | anıqıla salqınıraqdılahis are cooler | biznikile salqınıraqdılaours are cooler | siznikile salqınıraqdılayours (pl.) are cooler | alanıqıla salqınıraqdılatheirs are cooler |
| intensifier — very | menikile bek salqındılamine are very cool | senikile bek salqındılayours are very cool | anıqıla bek salqındılahis are very cool | biznikile bek salqındılaours are very cool | siznikile bek salqındılayours (pl.) are very cool | alanıqıla bek salqındılatheirs are very cool |
| superlative — most | menikile em salqındılamine are the coolest | senikile em salqındılayours are the coolest | anıqıla em salqındılahis are the coolest | biznikile em salqındılaours are the coolest | siznikile em salqındılayours (pl.) are the coolest | alanıqıla em salqındılatheirs are the coolest |
Any thing takes the third-person ending, not only these: bu salqındı, bıla salqındıla. In texts biznikile is usually kesibiznikile, "our own people", and a surname with -nıqıla names a family: Dudalanıqıla, "the Dudas".