Sources
Sources cited by published words and expressions: their original titles, authors, English summaries, and links to the copies we used.
They are written in Russian, Turkish and Karachay, and many cover Karachay and Balkar together. We use them as evidence: each meaning is compared across them, and the definitions on this site are written in our own English rather than copied. The summaries below are ours too.
Dictionaries 27
- Карачаево-балкарско-русский словарь 1989Суюнчев Х. (ред.), Тенишев Э. (ред.) · Москва
The Karachay-Balkar to Russian direction of the 1989 academic Karachay-Balkar-Russian Dictionary edited by Kh. Suyunchev and E. Tenishev, digitized by the Elbrusoid online library as a large headword-definition database of nearly 30,000 entries covering everyday vocabulary, idioms, and specialized terminology.
- Толковый словарь карачаево-балкарского языка 1996Гузеев Ж. М. (ред.) · Нальчик, Эль-Фа
A three-volume explanatory dictionary of the Karachay-Balkar language, machine-readable text mirrored from an external digitized source.
- Karaçay-Malkar Türkçesinden Türkiye Türkçesine Açıklamalı Büyük Sözlük 1991Yılmaz Nevruz
A 1991 Karachay-Balkar-to-Turkish explanatory dictionary by Yılmaz Nevruz with 13,316 entries, rendering Karachay-Balkar in a Turkish-based Latin orthography, self-published online.
- Русско-карачаево-балкарский словарь 1965Суюнчев Х. (ред.), Урусбиев И. (ред.) · Москва
The Russian-to-Karachay-Balkar direction of a Russian–Karachay-Balkar dictionary hosted on the Elbrusoid online library, an archival copy of entries from the 1989 Suyunchev & Tenishev Karachay-Balkar–Russian dictionary, giving Karachay-Balkar equivalents, glosses and example phrases for Russian headwords.
- Малкъар-орус школ сёзлюк 2003Гузеев Жамал (сост.)
A 2003 Balkar–Russian school dictionary of about 6,000 words by Guzeev Zh. M., for Balkar pupils learning Russian and anyone learning Balkar. Entries carry part of speech, style labels and short translated phrases; dialect, slang, specialist and Karachay-only words are left out.
- Малкъар тилни школ ангылатма сёзлюгю 2000Zh. M. Guzeev · Nalchik, Elbrus
A 2000 explanatory school dictionary of about 5,000 Balkar words by Guzeev Zh. M., with definitions written in Balkar and drawn from the literature on the school curriculum. Homonyms are numbered separately, proverbs serve as illustrations, and Karachay-only words and Russian loans are left out.
- Словарь омонимов карачаево-балкарского языка 2013Гузеев Жамал · Москва, Эльбрусоид
A 2013 dictionary of Karachay-Balkar homonyms by Guzeev Zh. M., written entirely in Karachay-Balkar. Each homonym gets its own numbered definition with examples from literature, folklore and the press.
- Орус-къарачай-малкъар сёлешиу сёзлюк 1990A. A. Levlinskiy (ed.) · Cherkessk, Stavropol Book Publishing
A 1990 Russian–Karachay-Balkar phrasebook from the Karachay-Cherkess Pedagogical Institute, edited by Khabichev M. A., with more than a hundred themed sections of everyday phrases and word lists for residents and tourists. Appendices add a short grammar sketch, dialogues and translated proverbs.
- Словарь устаревших слов карачаево-балкарского языка 2010
A 2010 dictionary of 1,212 obsolete and rare Karachay-Balkar words by Botashev M. P., with Russian glosses. Words are often marked as Karachay or Balkar, and some carry brief notes on old customs, games and beliefs.
- Словарь арабско-персидских заимствований в карачаево-балкарском языке 2010A.-M. Kh. Batchaev · Cherkessk
A 2010 dictionary of about 1,300 Arabic and Persian loanwords in Karachay-Balkar, including personal names, by Batchaev A.-M. Kh. Each entry marks the source language and gives a Russian gloss, usually with an example from literature, folklore or the press.
- Орус-къарачай окъуу сёзлюк 1993Гочияева Софья, Суюнчев Ханафий, Эбзеева Алла · Черкесск
A 1993 Russian–Karachay learner's dictionary of about 5,000 common Russian words by Gochiyaeva S. A., Suyunchev Kh. I. and Ebzeeva A. I., for senior schoolchildren and college students. Entries give Karachay translations with examples in context and set phrases.
- Русско-балкарский толковый словарь отраслевой лексики 2000I. M. Otarov, A. B. Gabaeva · Nalchik, Elbrus
A 2000 Russian–Balkar dictionary of about 3,000 specialized terms, from farming and household life to politics, science, grammar and mathematics, by Otarov I. M. and Gabaeva A. B. Each entry gives the Balkar equivalent, a definition in Balkar and translated examples, mainly for teachers and pupils in Balkar schools.
- Сокращенный гаппаксальный словарь карачаево-балкарского языкаТолгурова (Малкондуева) А.З., Толгуров Т.З.
An undated, abridged glossary of forgotten and rare Karachay-Balkar words with Russian glosses, drawn from the notes of Tolgurova (Malkondueva) A. Z. and grouped by theme, from water and terrain to horses, weapons, medicine and household life. Some entries carry short etymological remarks, and the preface calls it a work in progress.
- Школьный русско-балкарский словарь 1992U. A. Zhulabov, A. A. Zhappuev, I. M. Otarov, M. Z. Ulakov · Nalchik, Elbrus
The 1997 second edition of a Russian–Balkar school dictionary of more than 5,000 common words by Zhulabov U. A., Zhappuev A. A., Otarov I. M. and Ulakov M. Z. Entries give grammatical forms, Balkar translations, examples and a few idioms, for pupils in Balkar schools and their Russian teachers.
- Орус-малкъар школ сёзлюк 2008
The 2008 third edition of the Russian–Balkar school dictionary of about 5,000 common words by Zhulabov U. A., Zhappuev A. A., Otarov I. M. and Ulakov M. Z. It keeps the earlier editions' layout of Russian headwords, Balkar translations, examples and a few idioms.
- Карачаево-балкарско-русский словарь объектов природы 1998Боташев М.О.
A 1998 Karachay-Balkar-Russian terminological dictionary of natural-world vocabulary by M. O. Botashev, listing plant and other natural-object names for teachers, students, translators, and journalists.
- Русско-карачаевский словарь общественно-политической терминологии 1980A. D. Bachiev (ed.) · Cherkessk
A 1980 Russian–Karachay dictionary of socio-political terms from the Karachay-Cherkess Research Institute, meant to standardize Karachay terms for politics, economics, law and the military, and reflecting Soviet usage. It was written for translators, journalists and readers of political literature.
- Русско-карачаевский толковый словарь начальных терминов математики 2006Kh. M. Sapparov, Zh. U. Bidzhiev · Moscow, INFO
A 2006 Russian–Karachay dictionary of basic mathematical terms by Salpagarov Kh. M. and Bidzhiev Dzh. U., written to support primary-school math teaching in Karachay. It gives Karachay equivalents and definitions, often with English, German and French terms, and coins Karachay terms where none existed.
- Этимологический словарь названий лекарственных растений 2015Хапаев Башир, Хапаева Алима
A 2015 etymological dictionary of about 3,200 Russian medicinal-plant names by Khapaev B. A. and Khapaeva A. B., with Latin names, equivalents in other languages including Karachay-Balkar, and notes on medical use. An appendix indexes about 800 Karachay-Balkar plant names.
- Къарачай тилни фразеология сёзлюгю 1992I. K. Tekeev (Tekelanı) · Cherkessk, Karachay-Cherkess Book Publishing
The 1992 second edition of Tekeev I. K.'s Karachay phraseological dictionary, explaining about 3,000 idioms, proverbs, greetings, blessings and curses with variants, synonyms and antonyms. Each is backed by quotations from fiction, folklore and the press, for pupils, teachers, writers and journalists.
- Этимологический словарь названий лекарственных растений (с карачаево-балкарскими фитонимами)Б.А. Хапаев А.Б. Хапаева
The 2022 second, expanded edition of Khapaev B. A. and Khapaeva A. B.'s etymological dictionary of medicinal-plant names, covering about 4,000 Russian names with Latin names, Karachay-Balkar and other equivalents, and notes on medical use. An appendix indexes about 1,500 Karachay-Balkar plant names.
- Балкарские названия животных и растенийБазиев Джабраил, Шаутаева Наталья
A 1999 Russian-language handbook by Baziev D. Kh. and Shautaeva N. N. giving the Balkar names of the region's plants and animals beside their Russian and Latin names, often with a short description. It is aimed mainly at biology teachers in Balkar village schools and ends with Russian and Balkar indexes.
- Къарачай-малкъар тилни фразеология ангылатма сёзлюгю 2017Жарашуева Зайнаф
A 2017 explanatory dictionary of more than 5,000 Karachay-Balkar set phrases by Zharashueva Z. K., explained in Karachay-Balkar with style labels and examples from fiction and everyday speech. It notes where some phrases came from and is written for linguists, writers and journalists.
- Медицинский словарь 2005Хапаев Башир, Айбазова Софья
A 2005 medical dictionary by Khapaev B. A. and Aybazova S. R. giving about 5,000 Russian medical terms with their Karachay-Balkar, English, German and Latin equivalents, plus an index of the Karachay-Balkar terms. The authors present it as the first Karachay-Balkar dictionary of a specialized field.
- Къарачай-малкъар тилни фразеологиясы 2007Kh. M. Akbaev · Karachaevsk, KChGU
A 2007 study of Karachay-Balkar phraseology by Akbaev Kh. M., written in Karachay-Balkar, on what counts as a set phrase and how set phrases carry meaning. It closes with a short dictionary of more than 2,000 set phrases with brief glosses.
- Къарачай-малкъар тилни орфография сёзлюгю 1982Zh. M. Guzeev, B. T. Sozaev · Nalchik, Elbrus
A 1982 spelling dictionary of about 63,000 Karachay-Balkar words by Guzeev Zh. M. and Sozaev B. T., the first full one for the language, following the 1969 spelling rules and labeling Karachay-only and dialect words. Published in Kabardino-Balkaria, it gives Karachay words with дж in the Balkar spelling with ж.
- Малкъар тилни школ фразеология сёзлюгю 1994S. K. Bashiev (Başilanı), Z. K. Zharashuev (Caraşıvlanı) · Nalchik, Elbrus
A 1994 school dictionary of Balkar phraseology by Bashieva S. K. and Zharashueva Z. K. for secondary-school pupils. Each entry gives the meaning, usage in a sentence, a register label, examples from literature and the press, and synonyms and antonyms, with phrases taken from Karachay marked.