qabarğa
/qabarʁa/
1. bite, sting, peck, take the bait — Said of insects such as gadflies it means sting; of birds, peck; of fish, take the bait. Snakes and bees are said to ururğa instead.
- anı it qabhandı — a dog bit him
- meni soqur çibin qabdı — a horsefly stung me
- bu guguruk qabhan etedi — this rooster pecks
- bu at qabhan etedi — this horse bites
- qabıb üzerge — to bite off a piece
- ullu çabaq qabdı — a big fish took the bait
- çabaq ariw qabadı — the fish are biting well
- bügün çabaq qabmaydı — the fish are not biting today
2. win, beat, come out on top — Chiefly Karachay usage; Balkar uses qıtarğa or utarğa.
- birinçi oyunnu qabdıq — we won the first game
- şahmat oyunnu qabarğa — to win a game of chess
- aşıq oynab açha qabarğa — to win money playing knucklebones
- ızına qabarğa — to win it back
3. spend, squander
- açhanı qabarğa — to spend the money
- köb açha qabdıq — we spent a great deal of money
- bütew açhabıznı qabıb qoyğandı — he has spent all our money
4. lose, mislay
- kitabımı qabdım — I lost my book
- jülgüçümü qabdım — I lost my razor
- açhıçların qabhandı — he has lost his keys
5. eat, have a bite
- biraz qab — eat a little
- mından qab — have a taste of this
- qabıb kör — try the taste of it
- bir juq qabarğa — to have a bite of something
- jutlanıb qabarğa — to eat greedily
6. fit closely, cling, sit well (of clothing)
- kölegi ariw qabadı — his shirt fits him well
- kiyimleri sanların ariw qabadıla — his clothes sit well on him
- çepken qabarça tigilgendi — the coat is sewn to fit closely
7. be caustic, make barbed remarks
- qabıb aytadı — he says it caustically
- haman qabıb turadı — he is forever making barbed remarks
- qabıb söleşirge — to speak with a sting
- itden aman qabadı — he bites worse than a dog
8. hold or carry in the teeth or beak one source
- it süekni qabıb baradı — the dog is carrying a bone in its teeth
- it tayaqnı qabıb keldi — the dog brought the stick in its teeth
- qarğa etni qabıb uçdu — the crow flew off with the meat in its beak
9. kill, destroy one source
- uruş köb adamnı qabdı — the war destroyed many people
- awruw mallanı qabdı — the disease killed the livestock
- jaw jaşlarıbıznı qabdı — the enemy killed our young men
10. bite, sting (of wind or cold) one source
- suwuq betni qabadı — the cold stings the face
- qışhı jel betibizni qabadı — the winter wind bites our faces
11. lose someone through death, be bereaved of someone one source
- anasın qabhandı — he has lost his mother
- jaŋız balamı qabdım — I lost my only child
- qarnaşların qabdıla — they lost their brothers
Expressions
- menden alğa bir zat qabarıqsa — you took the words
- barmağın qabarğa — be at a loss
- etinden bir qabarğa oğay demezge — thirst for revenge
- jiŋirigin qabarğa — regret bitterly
Conjugation
Common forms
- qabadıhe is biting
- qabdıhe bit
- qabhandıhe has bitten
- qabarhe will bite
- qabarıqdıhe is going to bite
- qaba edihe was biting
- qabsaif he bites
- qab!bite!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqabamaI am biting | senqabasayou are biting | olqabadıhe is biting | bizqababızwe are biting | sizqabasızyou all are biting | alaqabadılathey are biting |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqabmaymaI am not biting | senqabmaysayou are not biting | olqabmaydıhe is not biting | bizqabmaybızwe are not biting | sizqabmaysızyou all are not biting | alaqabmaydılathey are not biting |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqabamamı? qabamıma?am I biting? | senqabamısa?are you biting? | olqabamıdı?is he biting? | bizqababızmı? qabamıbız?are we biting? | sizqabamısız?are you all biting? | alaqabamıdıla?are they biting? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqabmaymamı? qabmaymıma?aren't I biting? | senqabmaymısa?aren't you biting? | olqabmaymıdı?isn't he biting? | bizqabmaybızmı? qabmaymıbız?aren't we biting? | sizqabmaymısız?aren't you all biting? | alaqabmaymıdıla?aren't they biting? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqabıwçanmaI usually bite | senqabıwçansayou usually bite | olqabıwçandıhe usually bites | bizqabıwçanbızwe usually bite | sizqabıwçansızyou all usually bite | alaqabıwçandılathey usually bite |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqabmawçanmaI usually don't bite | senqabmawçansayou usually don't bite | olqabmawçandıhe usually doesn't bite | bizqabmawçanbızwe usually don't bite | sizqabmawçansızyou all usually don't bite | alaqabmawçandılathey usually don't bite |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqabıwçanmamı? qabıwçanmıma?do I usually bite? | senqabıwçanmısa?do you usually bite? | olqabıwçanmıdı?does he usually bite? | bizqabıwçanbızmı? qabıwçanmıbız?do we usually bite? | sizqabıwçanmısız?do you all usually bite? | alaqabıwçanmıdıla?do they usually bite? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqabmawçanmamı? qabmawçanmıma?do I usually not bite? | senqabmawçanmısa?do you usually not bite? | olqabmawçanmıdı?does he usually not bite? | bizqabmawçanbızmı? qabmawçanmıbız?do we usually not bite? | sizqabmawçanmısız?do you all usually not bite? | alaqabmawçanmıdıla?do they usually not bite? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olqabıbdıhe has bitten and remains so | alaqabıbdılathey have bitten and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olqabıbmıdı?has he bitten? | alaqabıbmıdıla?have they bitten? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqabıb turamaI keep biting | senqabıb turasayou keep biting | olqabıb turadıhe keeps biting | bizqabıb turabızwe keep biting | sizqabıb turasızyou all keep biting | alaqabıb turadılathey keep biting |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqabıb turmaymaI don't keep biting | senqabıb turmaysayou don't keep biting | olqabıb turmaydıhe doesn't keep biting | bizqabıb turmaybızwe don't keep biting | sizqabıb turmaysızyou all don't keep biting | alaqabıb turmaydılathey don't keep biting |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqabıb turamamı? qabıb turamıma?do I keep biting? | senqabıb turamısa?do you keep biting? | olqabıb turamıdı?does he keep biting? | bizqabıb turabızmı? qabıb turamıbız?do we keep biting? | sizqabıb turamısız?do you all keep biting? | alaqabıb turamıdıla?do they keep biting? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqabıb turmaymamı? qabıb turmaymıma?don't I keep biting? | senqabıb turmaymısa?don't you keep biting? | olqabıb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep biting? | bizqabıb turmaybızmı? qabıb turmaymıbız?don't we keep biting? | sizqabıb turmaymısız?don't you all keep biting? | alaqabıb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep biting? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqaba turamaI am in the middle of biting | senqaba turasayou are in the middle of biting | olqaba turadıhe is in the middle of biting | bizqaba turabızwe are in the middle of biting | sizqaba turasızyou all are in the middle of biting | alaqaba turadılathey are in the middle of biting |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqaba turmaymaI am not in the middle of biting | senqaba turmaysayou are not in the middle of biting | olqaba turmaydıhe is not in the middle of biting | bizqaba turmaybızwe are not in the middle of biting | sizqaba turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of biting | alaqaba turmaydılathey are not in the middle of biting |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqaba turamamı? qaba turamıma?am I in the middle of biting? | senqaba turamısa?are you in the middle of biting? | olqaba turamıdı?is he in the middle of biting? | bizqaba turabızmı? qaba turamıbız?are we in the middle of biting? | sizqaba turamısız?are you all in the middle of biting? | alaqaba turamıdıla?are they in the middle of biting? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqaba turmaymamı? qaba turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of biting? | senqaba turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of biting? | olqaba turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of biting? | bizqaba turmaybızmı? qaba turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of biting? | sizqaba turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of biting? | alaqaba turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of biting? |
| Simple past (definite) | menqabdımI bit | senqabdıŋyou bit | olqabdıhe bit | bizqabdıqwe bit | sizqabdığızyou all bit | alaqabdılathey bit |
| Simple past (definite) | menqabmadımI didn't bite | senqabmadıŋyou didn't bite | olqabmadıhe didn't bite | bizqabmadıqwe didn't bite | sizqabmadığızyou all didn't bite | alaqabmadılathey didn't bite |
| Simple past (definite) | menqabdımmı?did I bite? | senqabdıŋmı?did you bite? | olqabdımı?did he bite? | bizqabdıqmı?did we bite? | sizqabdığızmı?did you all bite? | alaqabdılamı?did they bite? |
| Simple past (definite) | menqabmadımmı?didn't I bite? | senqabmadıŋmı?didn't you bite? | olqabmadımı?didn't he bite? | bizqabmadıqmı?didn't we bite? | sizqabmadığızmı?didn't you all bite? | alaqabmadılamı?didn't they bite? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqabhanmaI have bitten | senqabhansayou have bitten | olqabhandıhe has bitten | bizqabhanbızwe have bitten | sizqabhansızyou all have bitten | alaqabhandılathey have bitten |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqabmağanmaI haven't bitten | senqabmağansayou haven't bitten | olqabmağandıhe hasn't bitten | bizqabmağanbızwe haven't bitten | sizqabmağansızyou all haven't bitten | alaqabmağandılathey haven't bitten |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqabhanmamı? qabhanmıma?have I bitten? | senqabhanmısa?have you bitten? | olqabhanmıdı?has he bitten? | bizqabhanbızmı? qabhanmıbız?have we bitten? | sizqabhanmısız?have you all bitten? | alaqabhanmıdıla?have they bitten? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqabmağanmamı? qabmağanmıma?haven't I bitten? | senqabmağanmısa?haven't you bitten? | olqabmağanmıdı?hasn't he bitten? | bizqabmağanbızmı? qabmağanmıbız?haven't we bitten? | sizqabmağanmısız?haven't you all bitten? | alaqabmağanmıdıla?haven't they bitten? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menqabıb turdumI kept biting | senqabıb turduŋyou kept biting | olqabıb turduhe kept biting | bizqabıb turduqwe kept biting | sizqabıb turduğuzyou all kept biting | alaqabıb turdulathey kept biting |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menqabıb turmadımI didn't keep biting | senqabıb turmadıŋyou didn't keep biting | olqabıb turmadıhe didn't keep biting | bizqabıb turmadıqwe didn't keep biting | sizqabıb turmadığızyou all didn't keep biting | alaqabıb turmadılathey didn't keep biting |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqabarmaI will bite | senqabarsayou will bite | olqabarhe will bite | bizqabarbızwe will bite | sizqabarsızyou all will bite | alaqabarlathey will bite |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqabmazmaI won't bite | senqabmazsayou won't bite | olqabmazhe won't bite | bizqabmazbızwe won't bite | sizqabmazsızyou all won't bite | alaqabmazlathey won't bite |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqabarmamı? qabarmıma?will I bite? | senqabarmısa?will you bite? | olqabarmı?will he bite? | bizqabarbızmı? qabarmıbız?will we bite? | sizqabarmısız?will you all bite? | alaqabarlamı? qabarmıla?will they bite? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqabmazmamı? qabmazmıma?won't I bite? | senqabmazmısa?won't you bite? | olqabmazmı?won't he bite? | bizqabmazbızmı? qabmazmıbız?won't we bite? | sizqabmazmısız?won't you all bite? | alaqabmazlamı? qabmazmıla?won't they bite? |
| Definite future (future II) | menqabarıqmaI am going to bite | senqabarıqsayou are going to bite | olqabarıqdıhe is going to bite | bizqabarıqbızwe are going to bite | sizqabarıqsızyou all are going to bite | alaqabarıqdılathey are going to bite |
| Definite future (future II) | menqabarıq tülmeI am not going to bite | senqabarıq tülseyou are not going to bite | olqabarıq tüldühe is not going to bite | bizqabarıq tülbüzwe are not going to bite | sizqabarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to bite | alaqabarıq tüldülethey are not going to bite |
| Definite future (future II) | menqabarıqmamı? qabarıqmıma?am I going to bite? | senqabarıqmısa?are you going to bite? | olqabarıqmıdı?is he going to bite? | bizqabarıqbızmı? qabarıqmıbız?are we going to bite? | sizqabarıqmısız?are you all going to bite? | alaqabarıqmıdıla?are they going to bite? |
| Definite future (future II) | menqabarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to bite? | senqabarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to bite? | olqabarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to bite? | bizqabarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to bite? | sizqabarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to bite? | alaqabarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to bite? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menqabhan edimqabhanemI had bitten | senqabhan ediŋqabhaneŋyou had bitten | olqabhan ediqabhanedhe had bitten | bizqabhan edikqabhanekwe had bitten | sizqabhan edigizqabhanegizyou all had bitten | alaqabhan edileqabhanellethey had bitten |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menqabmağan edimqabmağanemI hadn't bitten | senqabmağan ediŋqabmağaneŋyou hadn't bitten | olqabmağan ediqabmağanedhe hadn't bitten | bizqabmağan edikqabmağanekwe hadn't bitten | sizqabmağan edigizqabmağanegizyou all hadn't bitten | alaqabmağan edileqabmağanellethey hadn't bitten |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menqaba edimqabaemI was biting | senqaba ediŋqabaeŋyou were biting | olqaba ediqabaedhe was biting | bizqaba edikqabaekwe were biting | sizqaba edigizqabaegizyou all were biting | alaqaba edileqabaellethey were biting |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menqabmay edimqabmayemI wasn't biting | senqabmay ediŋqabmayeŋyou weren't biting | olqabmay ediqabmayedhe wasn't biting | bizqabmay edikqabmayekwe weren't biting | sizqabmay edigizqabmayegizyou all weren't biting | alaqabmay edileqabmayellethey weren't biting |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menqabıwçan edimqabıwçanemI used to bite | senqabıwçan ediŋqabıwçaneŋyou used to bite | olqabıwçan ediqabıwçanedhe used to bite | bizqabıwçan edikqabıwçanekwe used to bite | sizqabıwçan edigizqabıwçanegizyou all used to bite | alaqabıwçan edileqabıwçanellethey used to bite |
| Habitual past (used to) | menqabmawçan edimqabmawçanemI didn't use to bite | senqabmawçan ediŋqabmawçaneŋyou didn't use to bite | olqabmawçan ediqabmawçanedhe didn't use to bite | bizqabmawçan edikqabmawçanekwe didn't use to bite | sizqabmawçan edigizqabmawçanegizyou all didn't use to bite | alaqabmawçan edileqabmawçanellethey didn't use to bite |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olqabıb edihe had bitten and remained so | alaqabıb edilethey had bitten and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olqabıb tül edihe hadn't bitten | alaqabıb tül edilethey hadn't bitten | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menqabıb tura edimqabıb turaemI had kept biting | senqabıb tura ediŋqabıb turaeŋyou had kept biting | olqabıb tura ediqabıb turaedhe had kept biting | bizqabıb tura edikqabıb turaekwe had kept biting | sizqabıb tura edigizqabıb turaegizyou all had kept biting | alaqabıb tura edileqabıb turaellethey had kept biting |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menqabıb turmay edimqabıb turmayemI hadn't kept biting | senqabıb turmay ediŋqabıb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept biting | olqabıb turmay ediqabıb turmayedhe hadn't kept biting | bizqabıb turmay edikqabıb turmayekwe hadn't kept biting | sizqabıb turmay edigizqabıb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept biting | alaqabıb turmay edileqabıb turmayellethey hadn't kept biting |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menqaba tura edimqaba turaemI was in the middle of biting | senqaba tura ediŋqaba turaeŋyou were in the middle of biting | olqaba tura ediqaba turaedhe was in the middle of biting | bizqaba tura edikqaba turaekwe were in the middle of biting | sizqaba tura edigizqaba turaegizyou all were in the middle of biting | alaqaba tura edileqaba turaellethey were in the middle of biting |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menqaba turmay edimqaba turmayemI wasn't in the middle of biting | senqaba turmay ediŋqaba turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of biting | olqaba turmay ediqaba turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of biting | bizqaba turmay edikqaba turmayekwe weren't in the middle of biting | sizqaba turmay edigizqaba turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of biting | alaqaba turmay edileqaba turmayellethey weren't in the middle of biting |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menqabar edimqabar emI would bite | senqabar ediŋqabar eŋyou would bite | olqabar ediqabar edhe would bite | bizqabar edikqabar ekwe would bite | sizqabar edigizqabar egizyou all would bite | alaqabar edileqabar ellethey would bite |
| Conditional result (would) | menqabmaz edimqabmaz emI wouldn't bite | senqabmaz ediŋqabmaz eŋyou wouldn't bite | olqabmaz ediqabmaz edhe wouldn't bite | bizqabmaz edikqabmaz ekwe wouldn't bite | sizqabmaz edigizqabmaz egizyou all wouldn't bite | alaqabmaz edileqabmaz ellethey wouldn't bite |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menqabarıq edimqabarıq emI would have bitten | senqabarıq ediŋqabarıq eŋyou would have bitten | olqabarıq ediqabarıq edhe would have bitten | bizqabarıq edikqabarıq ekwe would have bitten | sizqabarıq edigizqabarıq egizyou all would have bitten | alaqabarıq edileqabarıq ellethey would have bitten |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menqabarıq tül edimqabarıq tül emI wouldn't have bitten | senqabarıq tül ediŋqabarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have bitten | olqabarıq tül ediqabarıq tül edhe wouldn't have bitten | bizqabarıq tül edikqabarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have bitten | sizqabarıq tül edigizqabarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have bitten | alaqabarıq tül edileqabarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have bitten |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menqabsamif I bite | senqabsaŋif you bite | olqabsaif he bites | bizqabsaqif we bite | sizqabsağızif you all bite | alaqabsalaif they bite |
| Conditional | menqabmasamif I don't bite | senqabmasaŋif you don't bite | olqabmasaif he doesn't bite | bizqabmasaqif we don't bite | sizqabmasağızif you all don't bite | alaqabmasalaif they don't bite |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menqaba esemif I am biting | senqaba eseŋif you are biting | olqaba eseif he is biting | bizqaba esekif we are biting | sizqaba esegizif you all are biting | alaqaba eseleif they are biting |
| Conditional, present real | menqabmay esemif I am not biting | senqabmay eseŋif you are not biting | olqabmay eseif he is not biting | bizqabmay esekif we are not biting | sizqabmay esegizif you all are not biting | alaqabmay eseleif they are not biting |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menqabsam ediqabsam edif only I bit | senqabsaŋ ediqabsaŋ edif only you bit | olqabsa ediqabsaedif only he bit | bizqabsaq ediqabsaq edif only we bit | sizqabsağız ediqabsağız edif only you all bit | alaqabsala ediqabsalaedif only they bit |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menqabmasam ediqabmasam edif only I didn't bite | senqabmasaŋ ediqabmasaŋ edif only you didn't bite | olqabmasa ediqabmasaedif only he didn't bite | bizqabmasaq ediqabmasaq edif only we didn't bite | sizqabmasağız ediqabmasağız edif only you all didn't bite | alaqabmasala ediqabmasalaedif only they didn't bite |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menqabıb tursamif I carry on biting | senqabıb tursaŋif you carry on biting | olqabıb tursaif he carries on biting | bizqabıb tursaqif we carry on biting | sizqabıb tursağızif you all carry on biting | alaqabıb tursalaif they carry on biting |
| Durative conditional | menqabıb turmasamif I don't carry on biting | senqabıb turmasaŋif you don't carry on biting | olqabıb turmasaif he doesn't carry on biting | bizqabıb turmasaqif we don't carry on biting | sizqabıb turmasağızif you all don't carry on biting | alaqabıb turmasalaif they don't carry on biting |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menqabıb tura esemif I have kept biting | senqabıb tura eseŋif you have kept biting | olqabıb tura eseif he has kept biting | bizqabıb tura esekif we have kept biting | sizqabıb tura esegizif you all have kept biting | alaqabıb tura eseleif they have kept biting |
| Durative conditional, present real | menqabıb turmay esemif I haven't kept biting | senqabıb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept biting | olqabıb turmay eseif he hasn't kept biting | bizqabıb turmay esekif we haven't kept biting | sizqabıb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept biting | alaqabıb turmay eseleif they haven't kept biting |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menqaba tursamif I keep biting | senqaba tursaŋif you keep biting | olqaba tursaif he keeps biting | bizqaba tursaqif we keep biting | sizqaba tursağızif you all keep biting | alaqaba tursalaif they keep biting |
| Progressive conditional | menqabmay tursamif I keep on not biting | senqabmay tursaŋif you keep on not biting | olqabmay tursaif he keeps on not biting | bizqabmay tursaqif we keep on not biting | sizqabmay tursağızif you all keep on not biting | alaqabmay tursalaif they keep on not biting |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menqaba tura esemif I am in the middle of biting | senqaba tura eseŋif you are in the middle of biting | olqaba tura eseif he is in the middle of biting | bizqaba tura esekif we are in the middle of biting | sizqaba tura esegizif you all are in the middle of biting | alaqaba tura eseleif they are in the middle of biting |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menqabmay tura esemif I keep on not biting | senqabmay tura eseŋif you keep on not biting | olqabmay tura eseif he keeps on not biting | bizqabmay tura esekif we keep on not biting | sizqabmay tura esegizif you all keep on not biting | alaqabmay tura eseleif they keep on not biting |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menqabdım esemif I bit | senqabdıŋ eseŋif you bit | olqabdı eseif he bit | bizqabdıq esekif we bit | sizqabdığız esegizif you all bit | alaqabdıla eseleif they bit |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menqabmadım esemif I didn't bite | senqabmadıŋ eseŋif you didn't bite | olqabmadı eseif he didn't bite | bizqabmadıq esekif we didn't bite | sizqabmadığız esegizif you all didn't bite | alaqabmadıla eseleif they didn't bite |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menqabhan esemif I did bite (indeed) | senqabhan eseŋif you did bite (indeed) | olqabhan eseif he did bite (indeed) | bizqabhan esekif we did bite (indeed) | sizqabhan esegizif you all did bite (indeed) | alaqabhan eseleif they did bite (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menqabmağan esemif I didn't bite (indeed) | senqabmağan eseŋif you didn't bite (indeed) | olqabmağan eseif he didn't bite (indeed) | bizqabmağan esekif we didn't bite (indeed) | sizqabmağan esegizif you all didn't bite (indeed) | alaqabmağan eseleif they didn't bite (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menqabhan bolsamif I had bitten | senqabhan bolsaŋif you had bitten | olqabhan bolsaif he had bitten | bizqabhan bolsaqif we had bitten | sizqabhan bolsağızif you all had bitten | alaqabhan bolsalaif they had bitten |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menqabmağan bolsamif I hadn't bitten | senqabmağan bolsaŋif you hadn't bitten | olqabmağan bolsaif he hadn't bitten | bizqabmağan bolsaqif we hadn't bitten | sizqabmağan bolsağızif you all hadn't bitten | alaqabmağan bolsalaif they hadn't bitten |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menqabhan bolsam ediqabhan bolsam edif only I had bitten | senqabhan bolsaŋ ediqabhan bolsaŋ edif only you had bitten | olqabhan bolsa ediqabhan bolsaedif only he had bitten | bizqabhan bolsaq ediqabhan bolsaq edif only we had bitten | sizqabhan bolsağız ediqabhan bolsağız edif only you all had bitten | alaqabhan bolsala ediqabhan bolsalaedif only they had bitten |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menqabmağan bolsam ediqabmağan bolsam edif only I hadn't bitten | senqabmağan bolsaŋ ediqabmağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't bitten | olqabmağan bolsa ediqabmağan bolsaedif only he hadn't bitten | bizqabmağan bolsaq ediqabmağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't bitten | sizqabmağan bolsağız ediqabmağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't bitten | alaqabmağan bolsala ediqabmağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't bitten |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menqabar esemif I will bite | senqabar eseŋif you will bite | olqabar eseif he will bite | bizqabar esekif we will bite | sizqabar esegizif you all will bite | alaqabar eseleif they will bite |
| Conditional, aorist | menqabmaz esemif I won't bite | senqabmaz eseŋif you won't bite | olqabmaz eseif he won't bite | bizqabmaz esekif we won't bite | sizqabmaz esegizif you all won't bite | alaqabmaz eseleif they won't bite |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menqabarıq esemif I am going to bite | senqabarıq eseŋif you are going to bite | olqabarıq eseif he is going to bite | bizqabarıq esekif we are going to bite | sizqabarıq esegizif you all are going to bite | alaqabarıq eseleif they are going to bite |
| Conditional, future | menqabarıq tül esemif I am not going to bite | senqabarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to bite | olqabarıq tül eseif he is not going to bite | bizqabarıq tül esekif we are not going to bite | sizqabarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to bite | alaqabarıq tül eseleif they are not going to bite |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menqabarıq bolsamif I were going to bite | senqabarıq bolsaŋif you were going to bite | olqabarıq bolsaif he were going to bite | bizqabarıq bolsaqif we were going to bite | sizqabarıq bolsağızif you all were going to bite | alaqabarıq bolsalaif they were going to bite |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menqabmazlıq bolsamif I were not going to bite | senqabmazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to bite | olqabmazlıq bolsaif he were not going to bite | bizqabmazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to bite | sizqabmazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to bite | alaqabmazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to bite |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso qabdıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menqaba bolurmaI must be biting | senqaba bolursayou must be biting | olqaba bolurhe must be biting | bizqaba bolurbuzwe must be biting | sizqaba bolursuzyou all must be biting | alaqaba bolurlathey must be biting |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menqabmay bolurmaI must not be biting | senqabmay bolursayou must not be biting | olqabmay bolurhe must not be biting | bizqabmay bolurbuzwe must not be biting | sizqabmay bolursuzyou all must not be biting | alaqabmay bolurlathey must not be biting |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menqaba tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of biting | senqaba tura bolursayou must be in the middle of biting | olqaba tura bolurhe must be in the middle of biting | bizqaba tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of biting | sizqaba tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of biting | alaqaba tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of biting |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menqabmay tura bolurmaI must keep on not biting | senqabmay tura bolursayou must keep on not biting | olqabmay tura bolurhe must keep on not biting | bizqabmay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not biting | sizqabmay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not biting | alaqabmay tura bolurlathey must keep on not biting |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menqabhan bolurmaI must have bitten | senqabhan bolursayou must have bitten | olqabhan bolurhe must have bitten | bizqabhan bolurbuzwe must have bitten | sizqabhan bolursuzyou all must have bitten | alaqabhan bolurlathey must have bitten |
| Inference (must have) | menqabmağan bolurmaI must not have bitten | senqabmağan bolursayou must not have bitten | olqabmağan bolurhe must not have bitten | bizqabmağan bolurbuzwe must not have bitten | sizqabmağan bolursuzyou all must not have bitten | alaqabmağan bolurlathey must not have bitten |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menqabarıq bolurmaI must be going to bite | senqabarıq bolursayou must be going to bite | olqabarıq bolurhe must be going to bite | bizqabarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to bite | sizqabarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to bite | alaqabarıq bolurlathey must be going to bite |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menqabmazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to bite | senqabmazlıq bolursayou must not be going to bite | olqabmazlıq bolurhe must not be going to bite | bizqabmazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to bite | sizqabmazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to bite | alaqabmazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to bite |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menqabayımlet me bite | senqab!bite! | olqabsınlet him bite | bizqabayıqlet's bite | sizqabığız!bite, you all! | alaqabsınlalet them bite |
| Commands & suggestions | menqabmayımlet me not bite | senqabma!don't bite! | olqabmasınlet him not bite | bizqabmayıqlet's not bite | sizqabmağız!don't bite, you all! | alaqabmasınlalet them not bite |
| Commands & suggestions | menqabayımmı?shall I bite? | olqabsınmı?should he bite? | bizqabayıqmı?shall we bite? | alaqabsınlamı?should they bite? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menqabmayımmı?shall I not bite? | olqabmasınmı?should he not bite? | bizqabmayıqmı?shall we not bite? | alaqabmasınlamı?should they not bite? | ||
| Requests | senqabçı2qabçınplease bite | olqabsınçıdo let him bite | sizqabçığızplease bite (plural/polite) | alaqabsınlaçıdo let them bite | ||
| Requests | senqabmaçı2qabmaçınplease don't bite | olqabmasınçıdo let him not bite | sizqabmaçığızplease don't bite (plural/polite) | alaqabmasınlaçıdo let them not bite | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senqabhınqabhımay you bite | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senqabmağınqabmağımay you not bite | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menqabhay edim qabha edimwould that I bit | senqabhay ediŋ qabha ediŋwould that you bit | olqabhay edi qabha ediwould that he bit | bizqabhay edik qabha edikwould that we bit | sizqabhay edigiz qabha edigizwould that you all bit | alaqabhay edile qabha edilewould that they bit |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menqabmağay edim qabmağa edimwould that I did not bite | senqabmağay ediŋ qabmağa ediŋwould that you did not bite | olqabmağay edi qabmağa ediwould that he did not bite | bizqabmağay edik qabmağa edikwould that we did not bite | sizqabmağay edigiz qabmağa edigizwould that you all did not bite | alaqabmağay edile qabmağa edilewould that they did not bite |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menqabmağa qoyayımqabma qoyayımlet me allow someone to bite | senqabmağa qoy!qabma qoy!let someone bite! | olqabmağa qoysunqabma qoysunlet him allow someone to bite | bizqabmağa qoyayıqqabma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to bite | sizqabmağa qoyuğuz!qabma qoyuğuz!let someone bite, you all! | alaqabmağa qoysunlaqabma qoysunlalet them allow someone to bite |
| Let someone… (commands) | menqabmağa qoymayımqabma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to bite | senqabmağa qoyma!qabma qoyma!don't let someone bite! | olqabmağa qoymasınqabma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to bite | bizqabmağa qoymayıqqabma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to bite | sizqabmağa qoymağız!qabma qoymağız!don't let someone bite, you all! | alaqabmağa qoymasınlaqabma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to bite |
| Let someone… (commands) | menqabmağa qoyayımmı?qabma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to bite? | olqabmağa qoysunmu?qabma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to bite? | bizqabmağa qoyayıqmı?qabma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to bite? | alaqabmağa qoysunlamı?qabma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to bite? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menqabmağa qoymayımmı?qabma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to bite? | olqabmağa qoymasınmı?qabma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to bite? | bizqabmağa qoymayıqmı?qabma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to bite? | alaqabmağa qoymasınlamı?qabma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to bite? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menqabmağa qoyamaqabma qoyamaI allow someone to bite | senqabmağa qoyasaqabma qoyasayou allow someone to bite | olqabmağa qoyadıqabma qoyadıhe allows someone to bite | bizqabmağa qoyabızqabma qoyabızwe allow someone to bite | sizqabmağa qoyasızqabma qoyasızyou all allow someone to bite | alaqabmağa qoyadılaqabma qoyadılathey allow someone to bite |
| Let someone… (present) | menqabmağa qoymaymaqabma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to bite | senqabmağa qoymaysaqabma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to bite | olqabmağa qoymaydıqabma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to bite | bizqabmağa qoymaybızqabma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to bite | sizqabmağa qoymaysızqabma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to bite | alaqabmağa qoymaydılaqabma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to bite |
| Let someone… (present) | menqabmağa qoyamamı?qabma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to bite? | senqabmağa qoyamısa?qabma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to bite? | olqabmağa qoyamıdı?qabma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to bite? | bizqabmağa qoyabızmı?qabma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to bite? | sizqabmağa qoyamısız?qabma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to bite? | alaqabmağa qoyamıdıla?qabma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to bite? |
| Let someone… (present) | menqabmağa qoymaymamı?qabma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to bite? | senqabmağa qoymaymısa?qabma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to bite? | olqabmağa qoymaymıdı?qabma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to bite? | bizqabmağa qoymaybızmı?qabma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to bite? | sizqabmağa qoymaymısız?qabma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to bite? | alaqabmağa qoymaymıdıla?qabma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to bite? |
| Let someone… (past) | menqabmağa qoydumqabma qoydumI allowed someone to bite | senqabmağa qoyduŋqabma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to bite | olqabmağa qoyduqabma qoyduhe allowed someone to bite | bizqabmağa qoyduqqabma qoyduqwe allowed someone to bite | sizqabmağa qoyduğuzqabma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to bite | alaqabmağa qoydulaqabma qoydulathey allowed someone to bite |
| Let someone… (past) | menqabmağa qoymadımqabma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to bite | senqabmağa qoymadıŋqabma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to bite | olqabmağa qoymadıqabma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to bite | bizqabmağa qoymadıqqabma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to bite | sizqabmağa qoymadığızqabma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to bite | alaqabmağa qoymadılaqabma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to bite |
| Let someone… (past) | menqabmağa qoydummu?qabma qoydummu?did I allow someone to bite? | senqabmağa qoyduŋmu?qabma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to bite? | olqabmağa qoydumu?qabma qoydumu?did he allow someone to bite? | bizqabmağa qoyduqmu?qabma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to bite? | sizqabmağa qoyduğuzmu?qabma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to bite? | alaqabmağa qoydulamı?qabma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to bite? |
| Let someone… (past) | menqabmağa qoymadımmı?qabma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to bite? | senqabmağa qoymadıŋmı?qabma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to bite? | olqabmağa qoymadımı?qabma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to bite? | bizqabmağa qoymadıqmı?qabma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to bite? | sizqabmağa qoymadığızmı?qabma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to bite? | alaqabmağa qoymadılamı?qabma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to bite? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
qabalırğa be able to bite · qabalmazğa be unable to bite
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menqabalamaI can bite | senqabalasayou can bite | olqabaladıhe can bite | bizqabalabızwe can bite | sizqabalasızyou all can bite | alaqabaladılathey can bite |
| Ability — present | menqabalmaymaI can't bite | senqabalmaysayou can't bite | olqabalmaydıhe can't bite | bizqabalmaybızwe can't bite | sizqabalmaysızyou all can't bite | alaqabalmaydılathey can't bite |
| Ability — present | menqabalamamı? qabalamıma?can I bite? | senqabalamısa?can you bite? | olqabalamıdı?can he bite? | bizqabalabızmı? qabalamıbız?can we bite? | sizqabalamısız?can you all bite? | alaqabalamıdıla?can they bite? |
| Ability — present | menqabalmaymamı? qabalmaymıma?can't I bite? | senqabalmaymısa?can't you bite? | olqabalmaymıdı?can't he bite? | bizqabalmaybızmı? qabalmaymıbız?can't we bite? | sizqabalmaymısız?can't you all bite? | alaqabalmaymıdıla?can't they bite? |
| Ability — if I can… | menqabalsamif I can bite | senqabalsaŋif you can bite | olqabalsaif he can bite | bizqabalsaqif we can bite | sizqabalsağızif you all can bite | alaqabalsalaif they can bite |
| Ability — if I can… | menqabalmasamif I can't bite | senqabalmasaŋif you can't bite | olqabalmasaif he can't bite | bizqabalmasaqif we can't bite | sizqabalmasağızif you all can't bite | alaqabalmasalaif they can't bite |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menqabaldımI was able to bite | senqabaldıŋyou were able to bite | olqabaldıhe was able to bite | bizqabaldıqwe were able to bite | sizqabaldığızyou all were able to bite | alaqabaldılathey were able to bite |
| Ability — simple past | menqabalmadımI could not bite | senqabalmadıŋyou could not bite | olqabalmadıhe could not bite | bizqabalmadıqwe could not bite | sizqabalmadığızyou all could not bite | alaqabalmadılathey could not bite |
| Ability — simple past | menqabaldımmı?was I able to bite? | senqabaldıŋmı?were you able to bite? | olqabaldımı?was he able to bite? | bizqabaldıqmı?were we able to bite? | sizqabaldığızmı?were you all able to bite? | alaqabaldılamı?were they able to bite? |
| Ability — simple past | menqabalmadımmı?couldn't I bite? | senqabalmadıŋmı?couldn't you bite? | olqabalmadımı?couldn't he bite? | bizqabalmadıqmı?couldn't we bite? | sizqabalmadığızmı?couldn't you all bite? | alaqabalmadılamı?couldn't they bite? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqabalğanmaI have been able to bite | senqabalğansayou have been able to bite | olqabalğandıhe has been able to bite | bizqabalğanbızwe have been able to bite | sizqabalğansızyou all have been able to bite | alaqabalğandılathey have been able to bite |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqabalmağanmaI haven't been able to bite | senqabalmağansayou haven't been able to bite | olqabalmağandıhe hasn't been able to bite | bizqabalmağanbızwe haven't been able to bite | sizqabalmağansızyou all haven't been able to bite | alaqabalmağandılathey haven't been able to bite |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqabalğanmamı? qabalğanmıma?have I been able to bite? | senqabalğanmısa?have you been able to bite? | olqabalğanmıdı?has he been able to bite? | bizqabalğanbızmı? qabalğanmıbız?have we been able to bite? | sizqabalğanmısız?have you all been able to bite? | alaqabalğanmıdıla?have they been able to bite? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqabalmağanmamı? qabalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to bite? | senqabalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to bite? | olqabalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to bite? | bizqabalmağanbızmı? qabalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to bite? | sizqabalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to bite? | alaqabalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to bite? |
| Ability — past perfect | menqabalğan edimqabalğanemI had been able to bite | senqabalğan ediŋqabalğaneŋyou had been able to bite | olqabalğan ediqabalğanedhe had been able to bite | bizqabalğan edikqabalğanekwe had been able to bite | sizqabalğan edigizqabalğanegizyou all had been able to bite | alaqabalğan edileqabalğanellethey had been able to bite |
| Ability — past perfect | menqabalmağan edimqabalmağanemI hadn't been able to bite | senqabalmağan ediŋqabalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to bite | olqabalmağan ediqabalmağanedhe hadn't been able to bite | bizqabalmağan edikqabalmağanekwe hadn't been able to bite | sizqabalmağan edigizqabalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to bite | alaqabalmağan edileqabalmağanellethey hadn't been able to bite |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menqabala edimqabalaemI could bite | senqabala ediŋqabalaeŋyou could bite | olqabala ediqabalaedhe could bite | bizqabala edikqabalaekwe could bite | sizqabala edigizqabalaegizyou all could bite | alaqabala edileqabalaellethey could bite |
| Ability — past background | menqabalmay edimqabalmayemI could not bite | senqabalmay ediŋqabalmayeŋyou could not bite | olqabalmay ediqabalmayedhe could not bite | bizqabalmay edikqabalmayekwe could not bite | sizqabalmay edigizqabalmayegizyou all could not bite | alaqabalmay edileqabalmayellethey could not bite |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menqabalırmaI will be able to bite | senqabalırsayou will be able to bite | olqabalırhe will be able to bite | bizqabalırbızwe will be able to bite | sizqabalırsızyou all will be able to bite | alaqabalırlathey will be able to bite |
| Ability — future I | menqabalmazmaI won't be able to bite | senqabalmazsayou won't be able to bite | olqabalmazhe won't be able to bite | bizqabalmazbızwe won't be able to bite | sizqabalmazsızyou all won't be able to bite | alaqabalmazlathey won't be able to bite |
| Ability — future I | menqabalırmamı? qabalırmıma?will I be able to bite? | senqabalırmısa?will you be able to bite? | olqabalırmı?will he be able to bite? | bizqabalırbızmı? qabalırmıbız?will we be able to bite? | sizqabalırmısız?will you all be able to bite? | alaqabalırlamı? qabalırmıla?will they be able to bite? |
| Ability — future I | menqabalmazmamı? qabalmazmıma?won't I be able to bite? | senqabalmazmısa?won't you be able to bite? | olqabalmazmı?won't he be able to bite? | bizqabalmazbızmı? qabalmazmıbız?won't we be able to bite? | sizqabalmazmısız?won't you all be able to bite? | alaqabalmazlamı? qabalmazmıla?won't they be able to bite? |
| Ability — future II | menqaballıqmaI am going to be able to bite | senqaballıqsayou are going to be able to bite | olqaballıqdıhe is going to be able to bite | bizqaballıqbızwe are going to be able to bite | sizqaballıqsızyou all are going to be able to bite | alaqaballıqdılathey are going to be able to bite |
| Ability — future II | menqaballıq tülmeI am not going to be able to bite | senqaballıq tülseyou are not going to be able to bite | olqaballıq tüldühe is not going to be able to bite | bizqaballıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to bite | sizqaballıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to bite | alaqaballıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to bite |
| Ability — future II | menqaballıqmamı? qaballıqmıma?am I going to be able to bite? | senqaballıqmısa?are you going to be able to bite? | olqaballıqmıdı?is he going to be able to bite? | bizqaballıqbızmı? qaballıqmıbız?are we going to be able to bite? | sizqaballıqmısız?are you all going to be able to bite? | alaqaballıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to bite? |
| Ability — future II | menqaballıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to bite? | senqaballıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to bite? | olqaballıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to bite? | bizqaballıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to bite? | sizqaballıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to bite? | alaqaballıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to bite? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menqabalır edimqabalır emI would be able to bite | senqabalır ediŋqabalır eŋyou would be able to bite | olqabalır ediqabalır edhe would be able to bite | bizqabalır edikqabalır ekwe would be able to bite | sizqabalır edigizqabalır egizyou all would be able to bite | alaqabalır edileqabalır ellethey would be able to bite |
| Ability — would be able to… | menqabalmaz edimqabalmaz emI wouldn't be able to bite | senqabalmaz ediŋqabalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to bite | olqabalmaz ediqabalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to bite | bizqabalmaz edikqabalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to bite | sizqabalmaz edigizqabalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to bite | alaqabalmaz edileqabalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to bite |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senqabalğınqabalğımay you be able to bite | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senqabalmağınqabalmağımay you not be able to bite | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menqabarğa izleymeI want to bite | senqabarğa izleyseyou want to bite | olqabarğa izleydihe wants to bite | bizqabarğa izleybizwe want to bite | sizqabarğa izleysizyou all want to bite | alaqabarğa izleydilethey want to bite |
| want to | menqabarğa izlemeymeI do not want to bite | senqabarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to bite | olqabarğa izlemeydihe does not want to bite | bizqabarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to bite | sizqabarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to bite | alaqabarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to bite |
| would like to | menqabarğa süemeI would like to bite | senqabarğa süeseyou would like to bite | olqabarğa süedihe would like to bite | bizqabarğa süebizwe would like to bite | sizqabarğa süesizyou all would like to bite | alaqabarğa süedilethey would like to bite |
| would like to | menqabarğa süymeymeI would not like to bite | senqabarğa süymeyseyou would not like to bite | olqabarğa süymeydihe would not like to bite | bizqabarğa süymeybizwe would not like to bite | sizqabarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to bite | alaqabarğa süymeydilethey would not like to bite |
| hope to | menqabarğa umutlanamaI hope to bite | senqabarğa umutlanasayou hope to bite | olqabarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to bite | bizqabarğa umutlanabızwe hope to bite | sizqabarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to bite | alaqabarğa umutlanadılathey hope to bite |
| hope to | menqabarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to bite | senqabarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to bite | olqabarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to bite | bizqabarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to bite | sizqabarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to bite | alaqabarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to bite |
| be about to | menqabarğa deb turamaI am about to bite | senqabarğa deb turasayou are about to bite | olqabarğa deb turadıhe is about to bite | bizqabarğa deb turabızwe are about to bite | sizqabarğa deb turasızyou all are about to bite | alaqabarğa deb turadılathey are about to bite |
| be about to | menqabarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to bite | senqabarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to bite | olqabarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to bite | bizqabarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to bite | sizqabarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to bite | alaqabarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to bite |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menqabarğa kerekmeI need to bite | senqabarğa kerekseyou need to bite | olqabarğa kerekdihe needs to bite | bizqabarğa kerekbizwe need to bite | sizqabarğa kereksizyou all need to bite | alaqabarğa kerekdilethey need to bite |
| need to | menqabarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to bite | senqabarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to bite | olqabarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to bite | bizqabarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to bite | sizqabarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to bite | alaqabarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to bite |
| have to | menmenŋe qabarğa tüşediI have to bite | sensenŋe qabarğa tüşediyou have to bite | olaŋa qabarğa tüşedihe has to bite | bizbizge qabarğa tüşediwe have to bite | sizsizge qabarğa tüşediyou all have to bite | alaalağa qabarğa tüşedithey have to bite |
| have to | menmenŋe qabarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to bite | sensenŋe qabarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to bite | olaŋa qabarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to bite | bizbizge qabarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to bite | sizsizge qabarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to bite | alaalağa qabarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to bite |
| be obliged to | menqabarğa borçlumaI am obliged to bite | senqabarğa borçlusayou are obliged to bite | olqabarğa borçluduhe is obliged to bite | bizqabarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to bite | sizqabarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to bite | alaqabarğa borçludulathey are obliged to bite |
| be obliged to | menqabarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to bite | senqabarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to bite | olqabarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to bite | bizqabarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to bite | sizqabarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to bite | alaqabarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to bite |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menqabarğa madarım bardıI have a way to bite | senqabarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to bite | olqabarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to bite | bizqabarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to bite | sizqabarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to bite | alaqabarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to bite |
| have a way to | menqabarğa madarım joqduI have no way to bite | senqabarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to bite | olqabarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to bite | bizqabarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to bite | sizqabarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to bite | alaqabarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to bite |
| be free to | menqabarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to bite | senqabarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to bite | olqabarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to bite | bizqabarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to bite | sizqabarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to bite | alaqabarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to bite |
| be free to | menqabarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to bite | senqabarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to bite | olqabarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to bite | bizqabarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to bite | sizqabarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to bite | alaqabarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to bite |
| be possible to | menmenŋe qabarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to bite | sensenŋe qabarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to bite | olaŋa qabarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to bite | bizbizge qabarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to bite | sizsizge qabarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to bite | alaalağa qabarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to bite |
| be possible to | menmenŋe qabarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to bite | sensenŋe qabarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to bite | olaŋa qabarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to bite | bizbizge qabarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to bite | sizsizge qabarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to bite | alaalağa qabarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to bite |
| be ready to | menqabarğa hazırmaI am ready to bite | senqabarğa hazırsayou are ready to bite | olqabarğa hazırdıhe is ready to bite | bizqabarğa hazırbızwe are ready to bite | sizqabarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to bite | alaqabarğa hazırdılathey are ready to bite |
| be ready to | menqabarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to bite | senqabarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to bite | olqabarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to bite | bizqabarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to bite | sizqabarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to bite | alaqabarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to bite |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menqabarğa küreşemeI am trying to bite | senqabarğa küreşeseyou are trying to bite | olqabarğa küreşedihe is trying to bite | bizqabarğa küreşebizwe are trying to bite | sizqabarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to bite | alaqabarğa küreşedilethey are trying to bite |
| try to | menqabarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to bite | senqabarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to bite | olqabarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to bite | bizqabarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to bite | sizqabarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to bite | alaqabarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to bite |
| agree to | menqabarğa unaymaI agree to bite | senqabarğa unaysayou agree to bite | olqabarğa unaydıhe agrees to bite | bizqabarğa unaybızwe agree to bite | sizqabarğa unaysızyou all agree to bite | alaqabarğa unaydılathey agree to bite |
| agree to | menqabarğa unamaymaI refuse to bite | senqabarğa unamaysayou refuse to bite | olqabarğa unamaydıhe refuses to bite | bizqabarğa unamaybızwe refuse to bite | sizqabarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to bite | alaqabarğa unamaydılathey refuse to bite |
| hurry to | menqabarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to bite | senqabarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to bite | olqabarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to bite | bizqabarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to bite | sizqabarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to bite | alaqabarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to bite |
| hurry to | menqabarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to bite | senqabarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to bite | olqabarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to bite | bizqabarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to bite | sizqabarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to bite | alaqabarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to bite |
| be afraid to | menqabarğa qorqamaI am afraid to bite | senqabarğa qorqasayou are afraid to bite | olqabarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to bite | bizqabarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to bite | sizqabarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to bite | alaqabarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to bite |
| be afraid to | menqabarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to bite | senqabarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to bite | olqabarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to bite | bizqabarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to bite | sizqabarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to bite | alaqabarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to bite |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menqaba bolmazmaI can't be biting | senqaba bolmazsayou can't be biting | olqaba bolmazhe can't be biting | bizqaba bolmazbızwe can't be biting | sizqaba bolmazsızyou all can't be biting | alaqaba bolmazlathey can't be biting |
| Inference, present — double negation | menqabmay bolmazmaI must be biting (emphatic) | senqabmay bolmazsayou must be biting (emphatic) | olqabmay bolmazhe must be biting (emphatic) | bizqabmay bolmazbızwe must be biting (emphatic) | sizqabmay bolmazsızyou all must be biting (emphatic) | alaqabmay bolmazlathey must be biting (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menqaba turmasamif I don't keep biting | senqaba turmasaŋif you don't keep biting | olqaba turmasaif he doesn't keep biting | bizqaba turmasaqif we don't keep biting | sizqaba turmasağızif you all don't keep biting | alaqaba turmasalaif they don't keep biting |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menqaba tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of biting | senqaba tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of biting | olqaba tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of biting | bizqaba tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of biting | sizqaba tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of biting | alaqaba tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of biting |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menqabmay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not biting (emphatic) | senqabmay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not biting (emphatic) | olqabmay tura bolmazhe must keep on not biting (emphatic) | bizqabmay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not biting (emphatic) | sizqabmay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not biting (emphatic) | alaqabmay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not biting (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menqabmay turamaI keep on not biting | senqabmay turasayou keep on not biting | olqabmay turadıhe keeps on not biting | bizqabmay turabızwe keep on not biting | sizqabmay turasızyou all keep on not biting | alaqabmay turadılathey keep on not biting |
| Progressive — double negation | menqabmay turmaymaI am not keeping on not biting | senqabmay turmaysayou are not keeping on not biting | olqabmay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not biting | bizqabmay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not biting | sizqabmay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not biting | alaqabmay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not biting |
| Progressive — double negation | menqabmay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not biting? | senqabmay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not biting? | olqabmay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not biting? | bizqabmay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not biting? | sizqabmay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not biting? | alaqabmay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not biting? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menqabhan bolmazmaI can't have bitten | senqabhan bolmazsayou can't have bitten | olqabhan bolmazhe can't have bitten | bizqabhan bolmazbızwe can't have bitten | sizqabhan bolmazsızyou all can't have bitten | alaqabhan bolmazlathey can't have bitten |
| Inference — double negation | menqabmağan bolmazmaI must have bitten (emphatic) | senqabmağan bolmazsayou must have bitten (emphatic) | olqabmağan bolmazhe must have bitten (emphatic) | bizqabmağan bolmazbızwe must have bitten (emphatic) | sizqabmağan bolmazsızyou all must have bitten (emphatic) | alaqabmağan bolmazlathey must have bitten (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menqabhan bolmasamif it weren't that I had bitten | senqabhan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had bitten | olqabhan bolmasaif it weren't that he had bitten | bizqabhan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had bitten | sizqabhan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had bitten | alaqabhan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had bitten |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menqabmağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't bitten | senqabmağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't bitten | olqabmağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't bitten | bizqabmağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't bitten | sizqabmağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't bitten | alaqabmağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't bitten |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menqabarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to bite | senqabarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to bite | olqabarıq bolmazhe can't be going to bite | bizqabarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to bite | sizqabarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to bite | alaqabarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to bite |
| Inference, future — double negation | menqabmazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to bite (emphatic) | senqabmazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to bite (emphatic) | olqabmazlıq bolmazhe must be going to bite (emphatic) | bizqabmazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to bite (emphatic) | sizqabmazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to bite (emphatic) | alaqabmazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to bite (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menqabarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to bite | senqabarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to bite | olqabarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to bite | bizqabarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to bite | sizqabarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to bite | alaqabarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to bite |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menqabmazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to bite | senqabmazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to bite | olqabmazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to bite | bizqabmazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to bite | sizqabmazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to bite | alaqabmazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to bite |