tutarğa
/tutarʁa/
1. hold
- sabiyni biraz tut — hold the child for a while
- men kitabnı qolumda tutama — I am holding the book in my hand
- ol atnı tutub turadı — he is holding the horse
- sen anı qatı tut — hold it tight
- bıçaqnı tut! — hold the knife!
- örge tut — hold it up high
- qoluŋu örge tutarğa — to raise your hand
2. take hold of, hold on to, grasp
- menden tut — hold on to me
- jıjımdan tutuğuz — hold on to the rope
- qoltuğumdan tut — take me by the arm
- sabiy anasını qolundan tutub baradı — the child walks holding on to his mother's hand
3. catch, seize — Used of fish, game, and of a person who is chased down.
- çabaq tutarğa — to catch fish
- ullu çabaq tutdu — he caught a large fish
- jaşla çabaq tutarğa baradıla — the boys are going to catch fish
- atnı tutarğa — to catch a horse
- guduçunu tutuğuz! — catch the thief!
- guduçunu jolda tutdula — they caught the thief on the road
4. arrest, detain
- amanlıqçını tutdula — they arrested the criminal
- guduçunu keçe üyünde tutdula — they arrested the thief at night in his house
- anı mından alğa tuthandıla — they arrested him earlier
5. keep, observe, maintain, uphold, adhere to — Used of customs, promises, fasts, rules and opinions rather than of physical objects.
- oraza tutarğa — to keep the fast
- bergen sözüŋü tutarğa — to keep the word you gave
- bergen sözün tutmadı — he did not keep the word he gave
- joruqnu tutarğa — to observe the rules
- başha aqılnı tutarğa — to adhere to a different opinion
- adetibizni tutayıq — let us uphold our custom
- nizamnı qatı tutabız — we observe discipline strictly
- buyruqnu tutdum — I kept the commandment
- buyruqnu tutarıqdı — he will observe the commandment
6. store, keep in a place — Covers keeping a thing somewhere and keeping a person somewhere.
- suwuqda tutarğa — to keep in the cold
- etni suwuqda tutarğa kerekdi — the meat must be kept in the cold
- ol qağıtlanı kübürde tutadı — he keeps the papers in a chest
- türmede tutarğa — to keep in prison
- anı köb zamannı türmede tutdula — they kept him in prison for a long time
- esde tutarğa — to keep in mind
- içiŋde tutarğa — to keep it to yourself
7. keep livestock, breed livestock — Includes poultry.
- qoy tutarğa — to keep sheep
- biz arbazda tawuq tutabız — we keep chickens in the yard
- alanı üyürü köb qoy tutadı — their family keeps many sheep
- atam da mal tutub jaşağandı — my father too lived by keeping livestock
8. support materially, provide for
- üydegi tutarğa — to support a family
- ol üydegisin kesi tutadı — he supports his family himself
- jaş ata-anasın kesi tutadı — the young man supports his parents himself
- üydegi tuthan tınç tül edi — providing for a family was not easy
- baş tutarğa — to support oneself
9. keep in good order, maintain in a certain condition — Said of keeping a house, a yard or one's belongings in a set state.
- kirsiz tutarğa — to keep clean
- arbaznı kirsiz tut — keep the yard clean
- ol üyün haman tizginli tutadı — she always keeps her house in order
- kiyimleriŋi haman taza tut — keep your clothes clean at all times
10. behave, conduct oneself — Used with kesin 'oneself'.
- ol kesin ariw tutadı — he behaves well
- qonaqda kesiŋi ariw tut — behave well when you are a guest
- kesin tuthanın jaratama — I like the way he conducts himself
- ol kesin tamataça tutadı — he conducts himself like an elder
11. hire
- adamla tutarğa — to hire people
- ol jalçı tutarğa izleydi — he wants to hire a farmhand
- biz işge eki adam tuthanbız — we have hired two men for the work
- ustanı üç ayğa tutdula — they hired the craftsman for three months
12. rent — Said of renting an apartment or other property.
- patar tutarğa — to rent an apartment
- men şaharda patar tutama — I rent an apartment in the city
- ala bu üynü tuthandıla — they rented this house
- jaŋı patar tutarğa izleybiz — we want to rent a new apartment
13. hold an office, hold a position, be in charge
- qulluq tutarğa — to hold an office
- ol ullu qulluq tutadı — he holds a high office
- atası köb jılnı qulluq tuthandı — his father held office for many years
- men ol qulluqnu tutarğa izlemeyme — I do not want to hold that office
14. possess, own
- ol elde tüken tutadı — he keeps a shop in the village
- ol elde tirmen tuthandı — he owned a mill in the village
- ala köb mülk tutadıla — they own a great deal of property
- teŋ tutarğa — to have friends
15. substitute for, be equivalent in value
- ornun tutarğa — to take someone's place
- jaş atasını ornun tuthandı — the young man has taken his father's place
- kişini ornun kişi tutmaydı — no one takes another's place
- qış künleni onusun tutar — it is worth ten winter days
16. undertake, begin
- tuthan işiŋi toltur — complete the work you undertook
- jaŋı işni bügün tuthanbız — we took up the new work today
- har kim ustalıq tutarğa kerekdi — everyone should take up a craft
17. shake hands — Used with qol 'hand' in greeting.
- qol tutarğa — to shake hands
- men anı qolun tutdum — I shook his hand
- ol meni qolumu tutdu — he shook my hand
- qonaqlanı qolların tutub salamlaşdı — he greeted the guests by shaking their hands
18. hold out, present — Said of holding something out for someone to take.
- ol kitabnı menŋe tutdu — he held the book out to me
- ol suratnı menŋe tutub körgüzdü — he held the picture out and showed it to me
- beri tut — hold it out here
19. aim, point — Said of aiming or pointing something at a target.
- ol barmağın menŋe tutdu — he pointed his finger at me
- ol jawğa qılıçın tutdu — he pointed his sword at the enemy
- çıraqnı eşikge tutub qaradı — he held the lamp toward the door and looked
- şkoknu tutarğa — to level a rifle
20. overtake, catch unprepared — Said of rain, snow or darkness overtaking someone on the way, and of catching someone in the act.
- jaŋur bizni jolda tutdu — rain caught us on the road
- qar bizni tawlada tutdu — the snow caught us in the mountains
- qaraŋı anı jolda tuthandı — darkness overtook him on the road
21. expose wrongdoing, detect a lie
- birewnü ötürügün tutarğa — to catch someone in a lie
- ahırında anı ötürügün tutdula — in the end they caught him in his lie
- men anı ötürügün terk tutdum — I quickly caught his lie
- tersligin tuthandan sora, ol tıŋıladı — after they exposed his wrongdoing, he fell silent
22. come on, strike suddenly — Said of an attack of illness, pain or paralysis.
- anı bezgegi tuthandı — he has had an attack of malaria
- anı baş awruwsu tuthandı — his headache has come on
- suwuq tiygenden sora awruw tutdu — the illness came on after he caught cold
- qoyan awruw tuthança — like an epileptic fit coming on
23. come over, seize — Said of a feeling such as fear or laughter taking hold of someone. one source
- anı qorquw tutdu — fear seized him
- meni külkü tutdu — laughter came over me
24. harbor (a feeling such as a grudge) — As in dert tutarğa 'bear a grudge'.
- dert tutarğa — to bear a grudge
- ol menŋe dert tutadı — he bears a grudge against me
- jawluq tutarğa — to harbor hostility
25. profess (a religion) one source
- İslam dinni tutarğa — to profess Islam
- ala İslam dinni tutadıla — they profess the Islamic faith
- ol ata-babalarını dinin tutadı — he professes the faith of his forefathers
- har halq kesini dinin tutadı — every people professes its own religion
26. fit closely — Said of clothing sitting on the body.
- palton sanıŋı igi tutadı — your coat fits your body well
- bu kölek meni igi tutadı — this shirt fits me well
- bu kiyimle anı igi tutmaydıla — these clothes do not fit her well
27. wear well, last — Said of cloth, clothing and footwear.
- bu qumaç köb tutadı — this fabric lasts a long time
- jaŋı kölek igi tutadı — the new shirt wears well
- bu çuruqla köb tuthandıla — these boots have lasted a long time
- tuthan qumaç — durable fabric
28. use, handle — Said of equipment, dishes and weapons. one source
- sawut tutarğa — to use dishes
- ol sawutnu igi tutadı — he handles a weapon well
- bu sabiy bıçaq tuta bilmeydi — this child does not know how to handle a knife
- çalqını tuta bilirge kerekdi — one must know how to handle a scythe
29. perceive, notice, catch sight of one source
- uzaqda barğan atlını közüm tutdu — my eye caught the rider going in the distance
- közüm ol julduznu tutmaydı — my eye cannot make out that star
- qaraŋıda köz kişini tutmaydı — in the dark the eye makes out no one
30. tune in (to a radio station) — Said of picking up a radio station or broadcast.
- ol radiodan Moskvanı tutdu — he picked up Moscow on the radio
- bu radio stantsiyalanı igi tutmaydı — this radio does not pick up the stations well
- keçede uzaq şaharlanı tutarğa tınçdı — at night it is easy to pick up distant cities
31. correspond, match, agree with
- sözü bla işi tutmaydıla — his words and his deeds do not match
- bir birin tutmaydıla — they do not match each other
- ekisini haparları bir birin tutmaydıla — the accounts of the two do not agree
- juwabıŋ soruwğa tutmaydı — your answer does not match the question
32. maintain contact, maintain a connection — As in juwuqluq tutarğa 'keep up kinship ties'.
- juwuqluq tutarğa — to keep up kinship ties
- biz ala bla baylamlıq tutabız — we keep in touch with them
- bizni bla baylamlıq tuthandı — he kept in touch with us
- juwuqlarıbız bla baylamlıq tutarğa kerekdi — we must keep in touch with our relatives
33. occupy, take up — Said of an area or a dwelling.
- tüken köb jer tutadı — the shop takes up a lot of space
- tepsi otownu jartısın tutadı — the table takes up half the room
- bitimle keŋ maydannı tutadıla — the crops occupy a wide area
34. play a significant role one source
- jırla ullu orun tutadıla — songs hold a large place
- bilim ullu mağana tutadı — knowledge plays a great role
- nizam ullu mağana tutadı — discipline plays a great role
35. subject to, engage — As in sözge tutarğa 'keep someone busy with talk'. one source
- sözge tutarğa — to keep someone busy with talk
- ol meni sözge tutdu — he kept me busy with talk
36. bite — Said of a dog. one source
- it tuthandı — the dog has bitten
- arbazda it meni tutdu — a dog bit me in the yard
- it sabiyni ayaqdan tuthandı — the dog has bitten the child on the leg
37. wrestle one source
- ol göjebni men ömürde tutmağanma — I have never wrestled that wrestler
- eki jaş tutub başladıla — the two young men began to wrestle
- ataŋı tutma, tutsaŋ bek jıq — do not wrestle your father; if you do, throw him hard
38. eclipse (a celestial body) — In folk belief a dragon is said to swallow the Moon. one source
- Aynı jelmawuz tutadı — a dragon eclipses the Moon
- busağatda Ay Künnü tutadı — right now the Moon is eclipsing the Sun
- Aynı jelmawuz tutadı deb iynanŋandıla — they believed that a dragon eclipses the Moon
39. raise, bring up (a child) one source
- ol sabiylerin ariw tutadı — he brings up his children well
- ataları sabiylerin qatı tuthandı — their father brought up his children strictly
- sabiyni tuta bilirge kerekdi — one must know how to bring up a child
40. curdle — Said of milk that sours and thickens. one source
- süt tutmağandı — the milk has not curdled
- isside süt terk tutadı — in the heat milk curdles quickly
- süt tutsa, ayran boladı — when the milk curdles, it becomes ayran
41. intensify, grow severe — Said of cold weather and of winter.
- qış tuthandı — winter has set in
- qatı suwuq tuthandı — severe cold has set in
- bıyıl qış ertde tuthandı — this year winter set in early
- keçe suwuq bek tutdu — at night the cold grew very severe
42. flare up, lose one's temper — Said of a sudden burst of anger. one source
- bügün da qılığı tutdu — today too his temper flared up
- ol açıwlansa, qılığı tutadı — when he grows angry, his temper flares up
- qılığım tutsa, kesimi tıyalmayma — when my temper flares up, I cannot restrain myself
43. be contrary, be obstinate one source
- sabiy çüyresinden tutub turadı — the child is being obstinate
- ol har zamanda çüyresinden tutadı — he is contrary every time
- çüyresinden tutma, aythanıbıznı et — do not be contrary, do as we say
44. persist in, insist on one source
- ol aythanında qatı tutadı — he insists firmly on what he said
- ol tuthanın bir zamanda qoymaydı — he never gives up what he insists on
- teli tuthanın bek tutar — a fool holds hard to what he insists on
45. aim big, undertake on a large scale — Describes the scale on which someone sets about a task. one source
- ol har işni ulludan tutadı — he sets about every task on a grand scale
- jazıwçu jaşawnu keŋden tutadı — the writer takes up life on a broad scale
- işni gitçeden tutub, ullu et — begin the work small and make it great
46. mark the suddenness of a following action, in a finite verb construction with da one source
- tutdu da ketdi — he up and left
47. rape
- tişirıwnu tutarğa — to rape a woman
Expressions
- aman jürek tutarğa — bear ill will
- awuz baramta tutarğa — give the silent treatment
- awuz qara tutarğa — sulk, give silent treatment
- awuzu bla quş tuthan — boastful braggart
Conjugation
Common forms
- tutadıhe is holding
- tutduhe held
- tuthandıhe has held
- tutarhe will hold
- tutarıqdıhe is going to hold
- tuta edihe was holding
- tutsaif he holds
- tut!hold!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentutamaI am holding | sentutasayou are holding | oltutadıhe is holding | biztutabızwe are holding | siztutasızyou all are holding | alatutadılathey are holding |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentutmaymaI am not holding | sentutmaysayou are not holding | oltutmaydıhe is not holding | biztutmaybızwe are not holding | siztutmaysızyou all are not holding | alatutmaydılathey are not holding |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentutamamı? tutamıma?am I holding? | sentutamısa?are you holding? | oltutamıdı?is he holding? | biztutabızmı? tutamıbız?are we holding? | siztutamısız?are you all holding? | alatutamıdıla?are they holding? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentutmaymamı? tutmaymıma?aren't I holding? | sentutmaymısa?aren't you holding? | oltutmaymıdı?isn't he holding? | biztutmaybızmı? tutmaymıbız?aren't we holding? | siztutmaymısız?aren't you all holding? | alatutmaymıdıla?aren't they holding? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentutuwçanmaI usually hold | sentutuwçansayou usually hold | oltutuwçandıhe usually holds | biztutuwçanbızwe usually hold | siztutuwçansızyou all usually hold | alatutuwçandılathey usually hold |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentutmawçanmaI usually don't hold | sentutmawçansayou usually don't hold | oltutmawçandıhe usually doesn't hold | biztutmawçanbızwe usually don't hold | siztutmawçansızyou all usually don't hold | alatutmawçandılathey usually don't hold |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentutuwçanmamı? tutuwçanmıma?do I usually hold? | sentutuwçanmısa?do you usually hold? | oltutuwçanmıdı?does he usually hold? | biztutuwçanbızmı? tutuwçanmıbız?do we usually hold? | siztutuwçanmısız?do you all usually hold? | alatutuwçanmıdıla?do they usually hold? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentutmawçanmamı? tutmawçanmıma?do I usually not hold? | sentutmawçanmısa?do you usually not hold? | oltutmawçanmıdı?does he usually not hold? | biztutmawçanbızmı? tutmawçanmıbız?do we usually not hold? | siztutmawçanmısız?do you all usually not hold? | alatutmawçanmıdıla?do they usually not hold? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oltutubduhe has held and remains so | alatutubdulathey have held and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oltutubmudu?has he held? | alatutubmudula?have they held? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentutub turamaI keep holding | sentutub turasayou keep holding | oltutub turadıhe keeps holding | biztutub turabızwe keep holding | siztutub turasızyou all keep holding | alatutub turadılathey keep holding |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentutub turmaymaI don't keep holding | sentutub turmaysayou don't keep holding | oltutub turmaydıhe doesn't keep holding | biztutub turmaybızwe don't keep holding | siztutub turmaysızyou all don't keep holding | alatutub turmaydılathey don't keep holding |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentutub turamamı? tutub turamıma?do I keep holding? | sentutub turamısa?do you keep holding? | oltutub turamıdı?does he keep holding? | biztutub turabızmı? tutub turamıbız?do we keep holding? | siztutub turamısız?do you all keep holding? | alatutub turamıdıla?do they keep holding? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentutub turmaymamı? tutub turmaymıma?don't I keep holding? | sentutub turmaymısa?don't you keep holding? | oltutub turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep holding? | biztutub turmaybızmı? tutub turmaymıbız?don't we keep holding? | siztutub turmaymısız?don't you all keep holding? | alatutub turmaymıdıla?don't they keep holding? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentuta turamaI am in the middle of holding | sentuta turasayou are in the middle of holding | oltuta turadıhe is in the middle of holding | biztuta turabızwe are in the middle of holding | siztuta turasızyou all are in the middle of holding | alatuta turadılathey are in the middle of holding |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentuta turmaymaI am not in the middle of holding | sentuta turmaysayou are not in the middle of holding | oltuta turmaydıhe is not in the middle of holding | biztuta turmaybızwe are not in the middle of holding | siztuta turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of holding | alatuta turmaydılathey are not in the middle of holding |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentuta turamamı? tuta turamıma?am I in the middle of holding? | sentuta turamısa?are you in the middle of holding? | oltuta turamıdı?is he in the middle of holding? | biztuta turabızmı? tuta turamıbız?are we in the middle of holding? | siztuta turamısız?are you all in the middle of holding? | alatuta turamıdıla?are they in the middle of holding? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentuta turmaymamı? tuta turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of holding? | sentuta turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of holding? | oltuta turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of holding? | biztuta turmaybızmı? tuta turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of holding? | siztuta turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of holding? | alatuta turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of holding? |
| Simple past (definite) | mentutdumI held | sentutduŋyou held | oltutduhe held | biztutduqwe held | siztutduğuzyou all held | alatutdulathey held |
| Simple past (definite) | mentutmadımI didn't hold | sentutmadıŋyou didn't hold | oltutmadıhe didn't hold | biztutmadıqwe didn't hold | siztutmadığızyou all didn't hold | alatutmadılathey didn't hold |
| Simple past (definite) | mentutdummu?did I hold? | sentutduŋmu?did you hold? | oltutdumu?did he hold? | biztutduqmu?did we hold? | siztutduğuzmu?did you all hold? | alatutdulamı?did they hold? |
| Simple past (definite) | mentutmadımmı?didn't I hold? | sentutmadıŋmı?didn't you hold? | oltutmadımı?didn't he hold? | biztutmadıqmı?didn't we hold? | siztutmadığızmı?didn't you all hold? | alatutmadılamı?didn't they hold? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentuthanmaI have held | sentuthansayou have held | oltuthandıhe has held | biztuthanbızwe have held | siztuthansızyou all have held | alatuthandılathey have held |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentutmağanmaI haven't held | sentutmağansayou haven't held | oltutmağandıhe hasn't held | biztutmağanbızwe haven't held | siztutmağansızyou all haven't held | alatutmağandılathey haven't held |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentuthanmamı? tuthanmıma?have I held? | sentuthanmısa?have you held? | oltuthanmıdı?has he held? | biztuthanbızmı? tuthanmıbız?have we held? | siztuthanmısız?have you all held? | alatuthanmıdıla?have they held? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentutmağanmamı? tutmağanmıma?haven't I held? | sentutmağanmısa?haven't you held? | oltutmağanmıdı?hasn't he held? | biztutmağanbızmı? tutmağanmıbız?haven't we held? | siztutmağanmısız?haven't you all held? | alatutmağanmıdıla?haven't they held? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mentutub turdumI kept holding | sentutub turduŋyou kept holding | oltutub turduhe kept holding | biztutub turduqwe kept holding | siztutub turduğuzyou all kept holding | alatutub turdulathey kept holding |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mentutub turmadımI didn't keep holding | sentutub turmadıŋyou didn't keep holding | oltutub turmadıhe didn't keep holding | biztutub turmadıqwe didn't keep holding | siztutub turmadığızyou all didn't keep holding | alatutub turmadılathey didn't keep holding |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentutarmaI will hold | sentutarsayou will hold | oltutarhe will hold | biztutarbızwe will hold | siztutarsızyou all will hold | alatutarlathey will hold |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentutmazmaI won't hold | sentutmazsayou won't hold | oltutmazhe won't hold | biztutmazbızwe won't hold | siztutmazsızyou all won't hold | alatutmazlathey won't hold |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentutarmamı? tutarmıma?will I hold? | sentutarmısa?will you hold? | oltutarmı?will he hold? | biztutarbızmı? tutarmıbız?will we hold? | siztutarmısız?will you all hold? | alatutarlamı? tutarmıla?will they hold? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentutmazmamı? tutmazmıma?won't I hold? | sentutmazmısa?won't you hold? | oltutmazmı?won't he hold? | biztutmazbızmı? tutmazmıbız?won't we hold? | siztutmazmısız?won't you all hold? | alatutmazlamı? tutmazmıla?won't they hold? |
| Definite future (future II) | mentutarıqmaI am going to hold | sentutarıqsayou are going to hold | oltutarıqdıhe is going to hold | biztutarıqbızwe are going to hold | siztutarıqsızyou all are going to hold | alatutarıqdılathey are going to hold |
| Definite future (future II) | mentutarıq tülmeI am not going to hold | sentutarıq tülseyou are not going to hold | oltutarıq tüldühe is not going to hold | biztutarıq tülbüzwe are not going to hold | siztutarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to hold | alatutarıq tüldülethey are not going to hold |
| Definite future (future II) | mentutarıqmamı? tutarıqmıma?am I going to hold? | sentutarıqmısa?are you going to hold? | oltutarıqmıdı?is he going to hold? | biztutarıqbızmı? tutarıqmıbız?are we going to hold? | siztutarıqmısız?are you all going to hold? | alatutarıqmıdıla?are they going to hold? |
| Definite future (future II) | mentutarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to hold? | sentutarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to hold? | oltutarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to hold? | biztutarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to hold? | siztutarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to hold? | alatutarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to hold? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mentuthan edimtuthanemI had held | sentuthan ediŋtuthaneŋyou had held | oltuthan edituthanedhe had held | biztuthan ediktuthanekwe had held | siztuthan edigiztuthanegizyou all had held | alatuthan ediletuthanellethey had held |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mentutmağan edimtutmağanemI hadn't held | sentutmağan ediŋtutmağaneŋyou hadn't held | oltutmağan editutmağanedhe hadn't held | biztutmağan ediktutmağanekwe hadn't held | siztutmağan edigiztutmağanegizyou all hadn't held | alatutmağan ediletutmağanellethey hadn't held |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mentuta edimtutaemI was holding | sentuta ediŋtutaeŋyou were holding | oltuta editutaedhe was holding | biztuta ediktutaekwe were holding | siztuta edigiztutaegizyou all were holding | alatuta ediletutaellethey were holding |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mentutmay edimtutmayemI wasn't holding | sentutmay ediŋtutmayeŋyou weren't holding | oltutmay editutmayedhe wasn't holding | biztutmay ediktutmayekwe weren't holding | siztutmay edigiztutmayegizyou all weren't holding | alatutmay ediletutmayellethey weren't holding |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | mentutuwçan edimtutuwçanemI used to hold | sentutuwçan ediŋtutuwçaneŋyou used to hold | oltutuwçan editutuwçanedhe used to hold | biztutuwçan ediktutuwçanekwe used to hold | siztutuwçan edigiztutuwçanegizyou all used to hold | alatutuwçan ediletutuwçanellethey used to hold |
| Habitual past (used to) | mentutmawçan edimtutmawçanemI didn't use to hold | sentutmawçan ediŋtutmawçaneŋyou didn't use to hold | oltutmawçan editutmawçanedhe didn't use to hold | biztutmawçan ediktutmawçanekwe didn't use to hold | siztutmawçan edigiztutmawçanegizyou all didn't use to hold | alatutmawçan ediletutmawçanellethey didn't use to hold |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oltutub edihe had held and remained so | alatutub edilethey had held and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oltutub tül edihe hadn't held | alatutub tül edilethey hadn't held | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mentutub tura edimtutub turaemI had kept holding | sentutub tura ediŋtutub turaeŋyou had kept holding | oltutub tura editutub turaedhe had kept holding | biztutub tura ediktutub turaekwe had kept holding | siztutub tura edigiztutub turaegizyou all had kept holding | alatutub tura ediletutub turaellethey had kept holding |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mentutub turmay edimtutub turmayemI hadn't kept holding | sentutub turmay ediŋtutub turmayeŋyou hadn't kept holding | oltutub turmay editutub turmayedhe hadn't kept holding | biztutub turmay ediktutub turmayekwe hadn't kept holding | siztutub turmay edigiztutub turmayegizyou all hadn't kept holding | alatutub turmay ediletutub turmayellethey hadn't kept holding |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mentuta tura edimtuta turaemI was in the middle of holding | sentuta tura ediŋtuta turaeŋyou were in the middle of holding | oltuta tura edituta turaedhe was in the middle of holding | biztuta tura ediktuta turaekwe were in the middle of holding | siztuta tura edigiztuta turaegizyou all were in the middle of holding | alatuta tura ediletuta turaellethey were in the middle of holding |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mentuta turmay edimtuta turmayemI wasn't in the middle of holding | sentuta turmay ediŋtuta turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of holding | oltuta turmay edituta turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of holding | biztuta turmay ediktuta turmayekwe weren't in the middle of holding | siztuta turmay edigiztuta turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of holding | alatuta turmay ediletuta turmayellethey weren't in the middle of holding |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | mentutar edimtutar emI would hold | sentutar ediŋtutar eŋyou would hold | oltutar editutar edhe would hold | biztutar ediktutar ekwe would hold | siztutar edigiztutar egizyou all would hold | alatutar ediletutar ellethey would hold |
| Conditional result (would) | mentutmaz edimtutmaz emI wouldn't hold | sentutmaz ediŋtutmaz eŋyou wouldn't hold | oltutmaz editutmaz edhe wouldn't hold | biztutmaz ediktutmaz ekwe wouldn't hold | siztutmaz edigiztutmaz egizyou all wouldn't hold | alatutmaz ediletutmaz ellethey wouldn't hold |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | mentutarıq edimtutarıq emI would have held | sentutarıq ediŋtutarıq eŋyou would have held | oltutarıq editutarıq edhe would have held | biztutarıq ediktutarıq ekwe would have held | siztutarıq edigiztutarıq egizyou all would have held | alatutarıq ediletutarıq ellethey would have held |
| Past conditional result (would have) | mentutarıq tül edimtutarıq tül emI wouldn't have held | sentutarıq tül ediŋtutarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have held | oltutarıq tül editutarıq tül edhe wouldn't have held | biztutarıq tül ediktutarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have held | siztutarıq tül edigiztutarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have held | alatutarıq tül ediletutarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have held |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | mentutsamif I hold | sentutsaŋif you hold | oltutsaif he holds | biztutsaqif we hold | siztutsağızif you all hold | alatutsalaif they hold |
| Conditional | mentutmasamif I don't hold | sentutmasaŋif you don't hold | oltutmasaif he doesn't hold | biztutmasaqif we don't hold | siztutmasağızif you all don't hold | alatutmasalaif they don't hold |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | mentuta esemif I am holding | sentuta eseŋif you are holding | oltuta eseif he is holding | biztuta esekif we are holding | siztuta esegizif you all are holding | alatuta eseleif they are holding |
| Conditional, present real | mentutmay esemif I am not holding | sentutmay eseŋif you are not holding | oltutmay eseif he is not holding | biztutmay esekif we are not holding | siztutmay esegizif you all are not holding | alatutmay eseleif they are not holding |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mentutsam editutsam edif only I held | sentutsaŋ editutsaŋ edif only you held | oltutsa editutsaedif only he held | biztutsaq editutsaq edif only we held | siztutsağız editutsağız edif only you all held | alatutsala editutsalaedif only they held |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mentutmasam editutmasam edif only I didn't hold | sentutmasaŋ editutmasaŋ edif only you didn't hold | oltutmasa editutmasaedif only he didn't hold | biztutmasaq editutmasaq edif only we didn't hold | siztutmasağız editutmasağız edif only you all didn't hold | alatutmasala editutmasalaedif only they didn't hold |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | mentutub tursamif I carry on holding | sentutub tursaŋif you carry on holding | oltutub tursaif he carries on holding | biztutub tursaqif we carry on holding | siztutub tursağızif you all carry on holding | alatutub tursalaif they carry on holding |
| Durative conditional | mentutub turmasamif I don't carry on holding | sentutub turmasaŋif you don't carry on holding | oltutub turmasaif he doesn't carry on holding | biztutub turmasaqif we don't carry on holding | siztutub turmasağızif you all don't carry on holding | alatutub turmasalaif they don't carry on holding |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | mentutub tura esemif I have kept holding | sentutub tura eseŋif you have kept holding | oltutub tura eseif he has kept holding | biztutub tura esekif we have kept holding | siztutub tura esegizif you all have kept holding | alatutub tura eseleif they have kept holding |
| Durative conditional, present real | mentutub turmay esemif I haven't kept holding | sentutub turmay eseŋif you haven't kept holding | oltutub turmay eseif he hasn't kept holding | biztutub turmay esekif we haven't kept holding | siztutub turmay esegizif you all haven't kept holding | alatutub turmay eseleif they haven't kept holding |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | mentuta tursamif I keep holding | sentuta tursaŋif you keep holding | oltuta tursaif he keeps holding | biztuta tursaqif we keep holding | siztuta tursağızif you all keep holding | alatuta tursalaif they keep holding |
| Progressive conditional | mentutmay tursamif I keep on not holding | sentutmay tursaŋif you keep on not holding | oltutmay tursaif he keeps on not holding | biztutmay tursaqif we keep on not holding | siztutmay tursağızif you all keep on not holding | alatutmay tursalaif they keep on not holding |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | mentuta tura esemif I am in the middle of holding | sentuta tura eseŋif you are in the middle of holding | oltuta tura eseif he is in the middle of holding | biztuta tura esekif we are in the middle of holding | siztuta tura esegizif you all are in the middle of holding | alatuta tura eseleif they are in the middle of holding |
| Progressive conditional, present real | mentutmay tura esemif I keep on not holding | sentutmay tura eseŋif you keep on not holding | oltutmay tura eseif he keeps on not holding | biztutmay tura esekif we keep on not holding | siztutmay tura esegizif you all keep on not holding | alatutmay tura eseleif they keep on not holding |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | mentutdum esemif I held | sentutduŋ eseŋif you held | oltutdu eseif he held | biztutduq esekif we held | siztutduğuz esegizif you all held | alatutdula eseleif they held |
| Conditional, definite past1 | mentutmadım esemif I didn't hold | sentutmadıŋ eseŋif you didn't hold | oltutmadı eseif he didn't hold | biztutmadıq esekif we didn't hold | siztutmadığız esegizif you all didn't hold | alatutmadıla eseleif they didn't hold |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | mentuthan esemif I did hold (indeed) | sentuthan eseŋif you did hold (indeed) | oltuthan eseif he did hold (indeed) | biztuthan esekif we did hold (indeed) | siztuthan esegizif you all did hold (indeed) | alatuthan eseleif they did hold (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | mentutmağan esemif I didn't hold (indeed) | sentutmağan eseŋif you didn't hold (indeed) | oltutmağan eseif he didn't hold (indeed) | biztutmağan esekif we didn't hold (indeed) | siztutmağan esegizif you all didn't hold (indeed) | alatutmağan eseleif they didn't hold (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | mentuthan bolsamif I had held | sentuthan bolsaŋif you had held | oltuthan bolsaif he had held | biztuthan bolsaqif we had held | siztuthan bolsağızif you all had held | alatuthan bolsalaif they had held |
| Conditional, counterfactual | mentutmağan bolsamif I hadn't held | sentutmağan bolsaŋif you hadn't held | oltutmağan bolsaif he hadn't held | biztutmağan bolsaqif we hadn't held | siztutmağan bolsağızif you all hadn't held | alatutmağan bolsalaif they hadn't held |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mentuthan bolsam edituthan bolsam edif only I had held | sentuthan bolsaŋ edituthan bolsaŋ edif only you had held | oltuthan bolsa edituthan bolsaedif only he had held | biztuthan bolsaq edituthan bolsaq edif only we had held | siztuthan bolsağız edituthan bolsağız edif only you all had held | alatuthan bolsala edituthan bolsalaedif only they had held |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mentutmağan bolsam editutmağan bolsam edif only I hadn't held | sentutmağan bolsaŋ editutmağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't held | oltutmağan bolsa editutmağan bolsaedif only he hadn't held | biztutmağan bolsaq editutmağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't held | siztutmağan bolsağız editutmağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't held | alatutmağan bolsala editutmağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't held |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | mentutar esemif I will hold | sentutar eseŋif you will hold | oltutar eseif he will hold | biztutar esekif we will hold | siztutar esegizif you all will hold | alatutar eseleif they will hold |
| Conditional, aorist | mentutmaz esemif I won't hold | sentutmaz eseŋif you won't hold | oltutmaz eseif he won't hold | biztutmaz esekif we won't hold | siztutmaz esegizif you all won't hold | alatutmaz eseleif they won't hold |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | mentutarıq esemif I am going to hold | sentutarıq eseŋif you are going to hold | oltutarıq eseif he is going to hold | biztutarıq esekif we are going to hold | siztutarıq esegizif you all are going to hold | alatutarıq eseleif they are going to hold |
| Conditional, future | mentutarıq tül esemif I am not going to hold | sentutarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to hold | oltutarıq tül eseif he is not going to hold | biztutarıq tül esekif we are not going to hold | siztutarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to hold | alatutarıq tül eseleif they are not going to hold |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mentutarıq bolsamif I were going to hold | sentutarıq bolsaŋif you were going to hold | oltutarıq bolsaif he were going to hold | biztutarıq bolsaqif we were going to hold | siztutarıq bolsağızif you all were going to hold | alatutarıq bolsalaif they were going to hold |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mentutmazlıq bolsamif I were not going to hold | sentutmazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to hold | oltutmazlıq bolsaif he were not going to hold | biztutmazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to hold | siztutmazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to hold | alatutmazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to hold |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso tutduŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mentuta bolurmaI must be holding | sentuta bolursayou must be holding | oltuta bolurhe must be holding | biztuta bolurbuzwe must be holding | siztuta bolursuzyou all must be holding | alatuta bolurlathey must be holding |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mentutmay bolurmaI must not be holding | sentutmay bolursayou must not be holding | oltutmay bolurhe must not be holding | biztutmay bolurbuzwe must not be holding | siztutmay bolursuzyou all must not be holding | alatutmay bolurlathey must not be holding |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mentuta tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of holding | sentuta tura bolursayou must be in the middle of holding | oltuta tura bolurhe must be in the middle of holding | biztuta tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of holding | siztuta tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of holding | alatuta tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of holding |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mentutmay tura bolurmaI must keep on not holding | sentutmay tura bolursayou must keep on not holding | oltutmay tura bolurhe must keep on not holding | biztutmay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not holding | siztutmay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not holding | alatutmay tura bolurlathey must keep on not holding |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | mentuthan bolurmaI must have held | sentuthan bolursayou must have held | oltuthan bolurhe must have held | biztuthan bolurbuzwe must have held | siztuthan bolursuzyou all must have held | alatuthan bolurlathey must have held |
| Inference (must have) | mentutmağan bolurmaI must not have held | sentutmağan bolursayou must not have held | oltutmağan bolurhe must not have held | biztutmağan bolurbuzwe must not have held | siztutmağan bolursuzyou all must not have held | alatutmağan bolurlathey must not have held |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mentutarıq bolurmaI must be going to hold | sentutarıq bolursayou must be going to hold | oltutarıq bolurhe must be going to hold | biztutarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to hold | siztutarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to hold | alatutarıq bolurlathey must be going to hold |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mentutmazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to hold | sentutmazlıq bolursayou must not be going to hold | oltutmazlıq bolurhe must not be going to hold | biztutmazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to hold | siztutmazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to hold | alatutmazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to hold |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | mentutayımlet me hold | sentut!hold! | oltutsunlet him hold | biztutayıqlet's hold | siztutuğuz!hold, you all! | alatutsunlalet them hold |
| Commands & suggestions | mentutmayımlet me not hold | sentutma!don't hold! | oltutmasınlet him not hold | biztutmayıqlet's not hold | siztutmağız!don't hold, you all! | alatutmasınlalet them not hold |
| Commands & suggestions | mentutayımmı?shall I hold? | oltutsunmu?should he hold? | biztutayıqmı?shall we hold? | alatutsunlamı?should they hold? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | mentutmayımmı?shall I not hold? | oltutmasınmı?should he not hold? | biztutmayıqmı?shall we not hold? | alatutmasınlamı?should they not hold? | ||
| Requests | sentutçu2tutçunplease hold | oltutsunçudo let him hold | siztutçuğuzplease hold (plural/polite) | alatutsunlaçıdo let them hold | ||
| Requests | sentutmaçı2tutmaçınplease don't hold | oltutmasınçıdo let him not hold | siztutmaçığızplease don't hold (plural/polite) | alatutmasınlaçıdo let them not hold | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sentuthuntuthumay you hold | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sentutmağıntutmağımay you not hold | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mentuthay edim tutha edimwould that I held | sentuthay ediŋ tutha ediŋwould that you held | oltuthay edi tutha ediwould that he held | biztuthay edik tutha edikwould that we held | siztuthay edigiz tutha edigizwould that you all held | alatuthay edile tutha edilewould that they held |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mentutmağay edim tutmağa edimwould that I did not hold | sentutmağay ediŋ tutmağa ediŋwould that you did not hold | oltutmağay edi tutmağa ediwould that he did not hold | biztutmağay edik tutmağa edikwould that we did not hold | siztutmağay edigiz tutmağa edigizwould that you all did not hold | alatutmağay edile tutmağa edilewould that they did not hold |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | mentutmağa qoyayımtutma qoyayımlet me allow someone to hold | sentutmağa qoy!tutma qoy!let someone hold! | oltutmağa qoysuntutma qoysunlet him allow someone to hold | biztutmağa qoyayıqtutma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to hold | siztutmağa qoyuğuz!tutma qoyuğuz!let someone hold, you all! | alatutmağa qoysunlatutma qoysunlalet them allow someone to hold |
| Let someone… (commands) | mentutmağa qoymayımtutma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to hold | sentutmağa qoyma!tutma qoyma!don't let someone hold! | oltutmağa qoymasıntutma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to hold | biztutmağa qoymayıqtutma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to hold | siztutmağa qoymağız!tutma qoymağız!don't let someone hold, you all! | alatutmağa qoymasınlatutma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to hold |
| Let someone… (commands) | mentutmağa qoyayımmı?tutma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to hold? | oltutmağa qoysunmu?tutma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to hold? | biztutmağa qoyayıqmı?tutma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to hold? | alatutmağa qoysunlamı?tutma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to hold? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | mentutmağa qoymayımmı?tutma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to hold? | oltutmağa qoymasınmı?tutma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to hold? | biztutmağa qoymayıqmı?tutma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to hold? | alatutmağa qoymasınlamı?tutma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to hold? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | mentutmağa qoyamatutma qoyamaI allow someone to hold | sentutmağa qoyasatutma qoyasayou allow someone to hold | oltutmağa qoyadıtutma qoyadıhe allows someone to hold | biztutmağa qoyabıztutma qoyabızwe allow someone to hold | siztutmağa qoyasıztutma qoyasızyou all allow someone to hold | alatutmağa qoyadılatutma qoyadılathey allow someone to hold |
| Let someone… (present) | mentutmağa qoymaymatutma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to hold | sentutmağa qoymaysatutma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to hold | oltutmağa qoymaydıtutma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to hold | biztutmağa qoymaybıztutma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to hold | siztutmağa qoymaysıztutma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to hold | alatutmağa qoymaydılatutma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to hold |
| Let someone… (present) | mentutmağa qoyamamı?tutma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to hold? | sentutmağa qoyamısa?tutma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to hold? | oltutmağa qoyamıdı?tutma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to hold? | biztutmağa qoyabızmı?tutma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to hold? | siztutmağa qoyamısız?tutma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to hold? | alatutmağa qoyamıdıla?tutma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to hold? |
| Let someone… (present) | mentutmağa qoymaymamı?tutma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to hold? | sentutmağa qoymaymısa?tutma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to hold? | oltutmağa qoymaymıdı?tutma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to hold? | biztutmağa qoymaybızmı?tutma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to hold? | siztutmağa qoymaymısız?tutma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to hold? | alatutmağa qoymaymıdıla?tutma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to hold? |
| Let someone… (past) | mentutmağa qoydumtutma qoydumI allowed someone to hold | sentutmağa qoyduŋtutma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to hold | oltutmağa qoydututma qoyduhe allowed someone to hold | biztutmağa qoyduqtutma qoyduqwe allowed someone to hold | siztutmağa qoyduğuztutma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to hold | alatutmağa qoydulatutma qoydulathey allowed someone to hold |
| Let someone… (past) | mentutmağa qoymadımtutma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to hold | sentutmağa qoymadıŋtutma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to hold | oltutmağa qoymadıtutma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to hold | biztutmağa qoymadıqtutma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to hold | siztutmağa qoymadığıztutma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to hold | alatutmağa qoymadılatutma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to hold |
| Let someone… (past) | mentutmağa qoydummu?tutma qoydummu?did I allow someone to hold? | sentutmağa qoyduŋmu?tutma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to hold? | oltutmağa qoydumu?tutma qoydumu?did he allow someone to hold? | biztutmağa qoyduqmu?tutma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to hold? | siztutmağa qoyduğuzmu?tutma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to hold? | alatutmağa qoydulamı?tutma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to hold? |
| Let someone… (past) | mentutmağa qoymadımmı?tutma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to hold? | sentutmağa qoymadıŋmı?tutma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to hold? | oltutmağa qoymadımı?tutma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to hold? | biztutmağa qoymadıqmı?tutma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to hold? | siztutmağa qoymadığızmı?tutma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to hold? | alatutmağa qoymadılamı?tutma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to hold? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
tutalırğa be able to hold · tutalmazğa be unable to hold
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | mentutalamaI can hold | sentutalasayou can hold | oltutaladıhe can hold | biztutalabızwe can hold | siztutalasızyou all can hold | alatutaladılathey can hold |
| Ability — present | mentutalmaymaI can't hold | sentutalmaysayou can't hold | oltutalmaydıhe can't hold | biztutalmaybızwe can't hold | siztutalmaysızyou all can't hold | alatutalmaydılathey can't hold |
| Ability — present | mentutalamamı? tutalamıma?can I hold? | sentutalamısa?can you hold? | oltutalamıdı?can he hold? | biztutalabızmı? tutalamıbız?can we hold? | siztutalamısız?can you all hold? | alatutalamıdıla?can they hold? |
| Ability — present | mentutalmaymamı? tutalmaymıma?can't I hold? | sentutalmaymısa?can't you hold? | oltutalmaymıdı?can't he hold? | biztutalmaybızmı? tutalmaymıbız?can't we hold? | siztutalmaymısız?can't you all hold? | alatutalmaymıdıla?can't they hold? |
| Ability — if I can… | mentutalsamif I can hold | sentutalsaŋif you can hold | oltutalsaif he can hold | biztutalsaqif we can hold | siztutalsağızif you all can hold | alatutalsalaif they can hold |
| Ability — if I can… | mentutalmasamif I can't hold | sentutalmasaŋif you can't hold | oltutalmasaif he can't hold | biztutalmasaqif we can't hold | siztutalmasağızif you all can't hold | alatutalmasalaif they can't hold |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | mentutaldımI was able to hold | sentutaldıŋyou were able to hold | oltutaldıhe was able to hold | biztutaldıqwe were able to hold | siztutaldığızyou all were able to hold | alatutaldılathey were able to hold |
| Ability — simple past | mentutalmadımI could not hold | sentutalmadıŋyou could not hold | oltutalmadıhe could not hold | biztutalmadıqwe could not hold | siztutalmadığızyou all could not hold | alatutalmadılathey could not hold |
| Ability — simple past | mentutaldımmı?was I able to hold? | sentutaldıŋmı?were you able to hold? | oltutaldımı?was he able to hold? | biztutaldıqmı?were we able to hold? | siztutaldığızmı?were you all able to hold? | alatutaldılamı?were they able to hold? |
| Ability — simple past | mentutalmadımmı?couldn't I hold? | sentutalmadıŋmı?couldn't you hold? | oltutalmadımı?couldn't he hold? | biztutalmadıqmı?couldn't we hold? | siztutalmadığızmı?couldn't you all hold? | alatutalmadılamı?couldn't they hold? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentutalğanmaI have been able to hold | sentutalğansayou have been able to hold | oltutalğandıhe has been able to hold | biztutalğanbızwe have been able to hold | siztutalğansızyou all have been able to hold | alatutalğandılathey have been able to hold |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentutalmağanmaI haven't been able to hold | sentutalmağansayou haven't been able to hold | oltutalmağandıhe hasn't been able to hold | biztutalmağanbızwe haven't been able to hold | siztutalmağansızyou all haven't been able to hold | alatutalmağandılathey haven't been able to hold |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentutalğanmamı? tutalğanmıma?have I been able to hold? | sentutalğanmısa?have you been able to hold? | oltutalğanmıdı?has he been able to hold? | biztutalğanbızmı? tutalğanmıbız?have we been able to hold? | siztutalğanmısız?have you all been able to hold? | alatutalğanmıdıla?have they been able to hold? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentutalmağanmamı? tutalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to hold? | sentutalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to hold? | oltutalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to hold? | biztutalmağanbızmı? tutalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to hold? | siztutalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to hold? | alatutalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to hold? |
| Ability — past perfect | mentutalğan edimtutalğanemI had been able to hold | sentutalğan ediŋtutalğaneŋyou had been able to hold | oltutalğan editutalğanedhe had been able to hold | biztutalğan ediktutalğanekwe had been able to hold | siztutalğan edigiztutalğanegizyou all had been able to hold | alatutalğan ediletutalğanellethey had been able to hold |
| Ability — past perfect | mentutalmağan edimtutalmağanemI hadn't been able to hold | sentutalmağan ediŋtutalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to hold | oltutalmağan editutalmağanedhe hadn't been able to hold | biztutalmağan ediktutalmağanekwe hadn't been able to hold | siztutalmağan edigiztutalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to hold | alatutalmağan ediletutalmağanellethey hadn't been able to hold |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | mentutala edimtutalaemI could hold | sentutala ediŋtutalaeŋyou could hold | oltutala editutalaedhe could hold | biztutala ediktutalaekwe could hold | siztutala edigiztutalaegizyou all could hold | alatutala ediletutalaellethey could hold |
| Ability — past background | mentutalmay edimtutalmayemI could not hold | sentutalmay ediŋtutalmayeŋyou could not hold | oltutalmay editutalmayedhe could not hold | biztutalmay ediktutalmayekwe could not hold | siztutalmay edigiztutalmayegizyou all could not hold | alatutalmay ediletutalmayellethey could not hold |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | mentutalırmaI will be able to hold | sentutalırsayou will be able to hold | oltutalırhe will be able to hold | biztutalırbızwe will be able to hold | siztutalırsızyou all will be able to hold | alatutalırlathey will be able to hold |
| Ability — future I | mentutalmazmaI won't be able to hold | sentutalmazsayou won't be able to hold | oltutalmazhe won't be able to hold | biztutalmazbızwe won't be able to hold | siztutalmazsızyou all won't be able to hold | alatutalmazlathey won't be able to hold |
| Ability — future I | mentutalırmamı? tutalırmıma?will I be able to hold? | sentutalırmısa?will you be able to hold? | oltutalırmı?will he be able to hold? | biztutalırbızmı? tutalırmıbız?will we be able to hold? | siztutalırmısız?will you all be able to hold? | alatutalırlamı? tutalırmıla?will they be able to hold? |
| Ability — future I | mentutalmazmamı? tutalmazmıma?won't I be able to hold? | sentutalmazmısa?won't you be able to hold? | oltutalmazmı?won't he be able to hold? | biztutalmazbızmı? tutalmazmıbız?won't we be able to hold? | siztutalmazmısız?won't you all be able to hold? | alatutalmazlamı? tutalmazmıla?won't they be able to hold? |
| Ability — future II | mentutallıqmaI am going to be able to hold | sentutallıqsayou are going to be able to hold | oltutallıqdıhe is going to be able to hold | biztutallıqbızwe are going to be able to hold | siztutallıqsızyou all are going to be able to hold | alatutallıqdılathey are going to be able to hold |
| Ability — future II | mentutallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to hold | sentutallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to hold | oltutallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to hold | biztutallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to hold | siztutallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to hold | alatutallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to hold |
| Ability — future II | mentutallıqmamı? tutallıqmıma?am I going to be able to hold? | sentutallıqmısa?are you going to be able to hold? | oltutallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to hold? | biztutallıqbızmı? tutallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to hold? | siztutallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to hold? | alatutallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to hold? |
| Ability — future II | mentutallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to hold? | sentutallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to hold? | oltutallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to hold? | biztutallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to hold? | siztutallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to hold? | alatutallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to hold? |
| Ability — would be able to… | mentutalır edimtutalır emI would be able to hold | sentutalır ediŋtutalır eŋyou would be able to hold | oltutalır editutalır edhe would be able to hold | biztutalır ediktutalır ekwe would be able to hold | siztutalır edigiztutalır egizyou all would be able to hold | alatutalır ediletutalır ellethey would be able to hold |
| Ability — would be able to… | mentutalmaz edimtutalmaz emI wouldn't be able to hold | sentutalmaz ediŋtutalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to hold | oltutalmaz editutalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to hold | biztutalmaz ediktutalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to hold | siztutalmaz edigiztutalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to hold | alatutalmaz ediletutalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to hold |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sentutalğıntutalğımay you be able to hold | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sentutalmağıntutalmağımay you not be able to hold | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | mentutarğa izleymeI want to hold | sentutarğa izleyseyou want to hold | oltutarğa izleydihe wants to hold | biztutarğa izleybizwe want to hold | siztutarğa izleysizyou all want to hold | alatutarğa izleydilethey want to hold |
| want to | mentutarğa izlemeymeI do not want to hold | sentutarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to hold | oltutarğa izlemeydihe does not want to hold | biztutarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to hold | siztutarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to hold | alatutarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to hold |
| would like to | mentutarğa süemeI would like to hold | sentutarğa süeseyou would like to hold | oltutarğa süedihe would like to hold | biztutarğa süebizwe would like to hold | siztutarğa süesizyou all would like to hold | alatutarğa süedilethey would like to hold |
| would like to | mentutarğa süymeymeI would not like to hold | sentutarğa süymeyseyou would not like to hold | oltutarğa süymeydihe would not like to hold | biztutarğa süymeybizwe would not like to hold | siztutarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to hold | alatutarğa süymeydilethey would not like to hold |
| hope to | mentutarğa umutlanamaI hope to hold | sentutarğa umutlanasayou hope to hold | oltutarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to hold | biztutarğa umutlanabızwe hope to hold | siztutarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to hold | alatutarğa umutlanadılathey hope to hold |
| hope to | mentutarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to hold | sentutarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to hold | oltutarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to hold | biztutarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to hold | siztutarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to hold | alatutarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to hold |
| be about to | mentutarğa deb turamaI am about to hold | sentutarğa deb turasayou are about to hold | oltutarğa deb turadıhe is about to hold | biztutarğa deb turabızwe are about to hold | siztutarğa deb turasızyou all are about to hold | alatutarğa deb turadılathey are about to hold |
| be about to | mentutarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to hold | sentutarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to hold | oltutarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to hold | biztutarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to hold | siztutarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to hold | alatutarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to hold |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | mentutarğa kerekmeI need to hold | sentutarğa kerekseyou need to hold | oltutarğa kerekdihe needs to hold | biztutarğa kerekbizwe need to hold | siztutarğa kereksizyou all need to hold | alatutarğa kerekdilethey need to hold |
| need to | mentutarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to hold | sentutarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to hold | oltutarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to hold | biztutarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to hold | siztutarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to hold | alatutarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to hold |
| have to | menmenŋe tutarğa tüşediI have to hold | sensenŋe tutarğa tüşediyou have to hold | olaŋa tutarğa tüşedihe has to hold | bizbizge tutarğa tüşediwe have to hold | sizsizge tutarğa tüşediyou all have to hold | alaalağa tutarğa tüşedithey have to hold |
| have to | menmenŋe tutarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to hold | sensenŋe tutarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to hold | olaŋa tutarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to hold | bizbizge tutarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to hold | sizsizge tutarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to hold | alaalağa tutarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to hold |
| be obliged to | mentutarğa borçlumaI am obliged to hold | sentutarğa borçlusayou are obliged to hold | oltutarğa borçluduhe is obliged to hold | biztutarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to hold | siztutarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to hold | alatutarğa borçludulathey are obliged to hold |
| be obliged to | mentutarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to hold | sentutarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to hold | oltutarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to hold | biztutarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to hold | siztutarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to hold | alatutarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to hold |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | mentutarğa madarım bardıI have a way to hold | sentutarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to hold | oltutarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to hold | biztutarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to hold | siztutarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to hold | alatutarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to hold |
| have a way to | mentutarğa madarım joqduI have no way to hold | sentutarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to hold | oltutarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to hold | biztutarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to hold | siztutarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to hold | alatutarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to hold |
| be free to | mentutarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to hold | sentutarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to hold | oltutarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to hold | biztutarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to hold | siztutarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to hold | alatutarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to hold |
| be free to | mentutarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to hold | sentutarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to hold | oltutarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to hold | biztutarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to hold | siztutarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to hold | alatutarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to hold |
| be possible to | menmenŋe tutarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to hold | sensenŋe tutarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to hold | olaŋa tutarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to hold | bizbizge tutarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to hold | sizsizge tutarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to hold | alaalağa tutarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to hold |
| be possible to | menmenŋe tutarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to hold | sensenŋe tutarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to hold | olaŋa tutarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to hold | bizbizge tutarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to hold | sizsizge tutarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to hold | alaalağa tutarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to hold |
| be ready to | mentutarğa hazırmaI am ready to hold | sentutarğa hazırsayou are ready to hold | oltutarğa hazırdıhe is ready to hold | biztutarğa hazırbızwe are ready to hold | siztutarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to hold | alatutarğa hazırdılathey are ready to hold |
| be ready to | mentutarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to hold | sentutarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to hold | oltutarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to hold | biztutarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to hold | siztutarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to hold | alatutarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to hold |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | mentutarğa küreşemeI am trying to hold | sentutarğa küreşeseyou are trying to hold | oltutarğa küreşedihe is trying to hold | biztutarğa küreşebizwe are trying to hold | siztutarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to hold | alatutarğa küreşedilethey are trying to hold |
| try to | mentutarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to hold | sentutarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to hold | oltutarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to hold | biztutarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to hold | siztutarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to hold | alatutarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to hold |
| agree to | mentutarğa unaymaI agree to hold | sentutarğa unaysayou agree to hold | oltutarğa unaydıhe agrees to hold | biztutarğa unaybızwe agree to hold | siztutarğa unaysızyou all agree to hold | alatutarğa unaydılathey agree to hold |
| agree to | mentutarğa unamaymaI refuse to hold | sentutarğa unamaysayou refuse to hold | oltutarğa unamaydıhe refuses to hold | biztutarğa unamaybızwe refuse to hold | siztutarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to hold | alatutarğa unamaydılathey refuse to hold |
| hurry to | mentutarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to hold | sentutarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to hold | oltutarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to hold | biztutarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to hold | siztutarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to hold | alatutarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to hold |
| hurry to | mentutarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to hold | sentutarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to hold | oltutarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to hold | biztutarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to hold | siztutarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to hold | alatutarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to hold |
| be afraid to | mentutarğa qorqamaI am afraid to hold | sentutarğa qorqasayou are afraid to hold | oltutarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to hold | biztutarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to hold | siztutarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to hold | alatutarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to hold |
| be afraid to | mentutarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to hold | sentutarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to hold | oltutarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to hold | biztutarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to hold | siztutarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to hold | alatutarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to hold |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | mentuta bolmazmaI can't be holding | sentuta bolmazsayou can't be holding | oltuta bolmazhe can't be holding | biztuta bolmazbızwe can't be holding | siztuta bolmazsızyou all can't be holding | alatuta bolmazlathey can't be holding |
| Inference, present — double negation | mentutmay bolmazmaI must be holding (emphatic) | sentutmay bolmazsayou must be holding (emphatic) | oltutmay bolmazhe must be holding (emphatic) | biztutmay bolmazbızwe must be holding (emphatic) | siztutmay bolmazsızyou all must be holding (emphatic) | alatutmay bolmazlathey must be holding (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | mentuta turmasamif I don't keep holding | sentuta turmasaŋif you don't keep holding | oltuta turmasaif he doesn't keep holding | biztuta turmasaqif we don't keep holding | siztuta turmasağızif you all don't keep holding | alatuta turmasalaif they don't keep holding |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | mentuta tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of holding | sentuta tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of holding | oltuta tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of holding | biztuta tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of holding | siztuta tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of holding | alatuta tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of holding |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | mentutmay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not holding (emphatic) | sentutmay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not holding (emphatic) | oltutmay tura bolmazhe must keep on not holding (emphatic) | biztutmay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not holding (emphatic) | siztutmay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not holding (emphatic) | alatutmay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not holding (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | mentutmay turamaI keep on not holding | sentutmay turasayou keep on not holding | oltutmay turadıhe keeps on not holding | biztutmay turabızwe keep on not holding | siztutmay turasızyou all keep on not holding | alatutmay turadılathey keep on not holding |
| Progressive — double negation | mentutmay turmaymaI am not keeping on not holding | sentutmay turmaysayou are not keeping on not holding | oltutmay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not holding | biztutmay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not holding | siztutmay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not holding | alatutmay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not holding |
| Progressive — double negation | mentutmay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not holding? | sentutmay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not holding? | oltutmay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not holding? | biztutmay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not holding? | siztutmay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not holding? | alatutmay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not holding? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | mentuthan bolmazmaI can't have held | sentuthan bolmazsayou can't have held | oltuthan bolmazhe can't have held | biztuthan bolmazbızwe can't have held | siztuthan bolmazsızyou all can't have held | alatuthan bolmazlathey can't have held |
| Inference — double negation | mentutmağan bolmazmaI must have held (emphatic) | sentutmağan bolmazsayou must have held (emphatic) | oltutmağan bolmazhe must have held (emphatic) | biztutmağan bolmazbızwe must have held (emphatic) | siztutmağan bolmazsızyou all must have held (emphatic) | alatutmağan bolmazlathey must have held (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | mentuthan bolmasamif it weren't that I had held | sentuthan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had held | oltuthan bolmasaif it weren't that he had held | biztuthan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had held | siztuthan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had held | alatuthan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had held |
| Counterfactual — double negation | mentutmağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't held | sentutmağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't held | oltutmağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't held | biztutmağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't held | siztutmağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't held | alatutmağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't held |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | mentutarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to hold | sentutarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to hold | oltutarıq bolmazhe can't be going to hold | biztutarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to hold | siztutarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to hold | alatutarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to hold |
| Inference, future — double negation | mentutmazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to hold (emphatic) | sentutmazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to hold (emphatic) | oltutmazlıq bolmazhe must be going to hold (emphatic) | biztutmazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to hold (emphatic) | siztutmazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to hold (emphatic) | alatutmazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to hold (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | mentutarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to hold | sentutarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to hold | oltutarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to hold | biztutarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to hold | siztutarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to hold | alatutarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to hold |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | mentutmazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to hold | sentutmazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to hold | oltutmazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to hold | biztutmazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to hold | siztutmazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to hold | alatutmazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to hold |