etilgen
/etilɡen/
past participle of etilirge →
1. made, done, performed, constructed, accomplished
- qol bla etilgen surat — a picture made by hand
- ağaçdan etilgen orun — a seat made of wood
- taza jürekden etilgen iş — work done from a pure heart
- etilgen alğışla — the blessings that were given
2. artificial, man-made
- etilgen köl — an artificial lake
- jerni etilgen sputnigi — the Earth's artificial satellite
- bu köl etilgendi — this lake is man-made
3. closed, shut — Used of doors and other things that are closed.
- eşik etilgendi — the door is closed
- etilgen tereze — a closed window
4. workmanship, execution, finish
- etilgeni ariwdu — its finish is beautiful
- sabiy kitablanı etilgenleri omaq boladı — the design of children's books is elegant
- işni etilgenine qaradı — he looked at the execution of the work
Expressions
- çaç-tük etilgen — smashed to pieces
As an adjective
Saying it about mine, yours, theirs
One thing
| Degree | menikimine | senikiyours | anıqıhis / hers | biznikiours | siznikiyours (pl.) | alanıqıtheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | meniki etilgendimine is artificial | seniki etilgendiyours is artificial | anıqı etilgendihis is artificial | bizniki etilgendiours is artificial | sizniki etilgendiyours (pl.) is artificial | alanıqı etilgenditheirs is artificial |
Several things
| Degree | menikilemine | senikileyours | anıqılahis / hers | biznikileours | siznikileyours (pl.) | alanıqılatheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | menikile etilgendilemine are artificial | senikile etilgendileyours are artificial | anıqıla etilgendilehis are artificial | biznikile etilgendileours are artificial | siznikile etilgendileyours (pl.) are artificial | alanıqıla etilgendiletheirs are artificial |
Any thing takes the third-person ending, not only these: bu etilgendi, bıla etilgendile. In texts biznikile is usually kesibiznikile, "our own people", and a surname with -nıqıla names a family: Dudalanıqıla, "the Dudas".
As a noun
Cases and owners
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | etilgenthe workmanship | etilgenimmy workmanship | etilgeniŋyour workmanship | etilgenihis workmanship | etilgenibizour workmanship | etilgenigizyou all's workmanship | etilgenleritheir workmanships |
| Genitive | etilgennithe workmanship's | etilgenimimy workmanship's | etilgeniŋiyour workmanship's | etilgeninihis workmanship's | etilgenibizniour workmanship's | etilgenigizniyou all's workmanship's | etilgenlerinitheir workmanships' |
| Accusative | etilgennithe workmanship (as the object) | etilgenimimy workmanship (as the object) | etilgeniŋiyour workmanship (as the object) | etilgeninhis workmanship (as the object) | etilgenibizniour workmanship (as the object) | etilgenigizniyou all's workmanship (as the object) | etilgenlerintheir workmanships (as the object) |
| Dative | etilgenŋeto the workmanship | etilgenimeto my workmanship | etilgeniŋeto your workmanship | etilgenineto his workmanship | etilgenibizgeto our workmanship | etilgenigizgeto you all's workmanship | etilgenlerineto their workmanships |
| Locative | etilgendein / at the workmanship | etilgenimdein / at my workmanship | etilgeniŋdein / at your workmanship | etilgenindein / at his workmanship | etilgenibizdein / at our workmanship | etilgenigizdein / at you all's workmanship | etilgenlerindein / at their workmanships |
| Ablative | etilgendenfrom the workmanship | etilgenimdenfrom my workmanship | etilgeniŋdenfrom your workmanship | etilgenindenfrom his workmanship | etilgenibizdenfrom our workmanship | etilgenigizdenfrom you all's workmanship | etilgenlerindenfrom their workmanships |
There is no plural of this word. The ending would attach like any other — it is the word, not the grammar, that refuses: this is not something Karachay counts.
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
Which reading? Look at what follows.
| etilgen + noun | the one who is done (the noun is the doer) |
|---|---|
| etilgeni, nothing after | someone's being done |
| etilgeni under bilirge, körürge | that someone is done |
Cases with an owner
The endings on etilgeni, the form with a third-person owner. Every other owner takes the same six.
| nominative | etilgenihis / her having been done |
|---|---|
| genitive | etilgeninihis / her having been done's |
| accusative | etilgeninhis / her having been done |
| dative | etilgenineto his / her having been done |
| locative | etilgenindewhen he / she was done |
| ablative | etilgenindenafter he / she was done |
Negative
| the negative | etilmegenthe one that was not done |
|---|---|
| his / her | etilmegenihis / her not having been done |