energe
/enerɡe/
1. go down, descend, come down
- tawdan energe — to come down from the mountain
- enişge energe — to go downhill
- özenŋe energe — to go down into the gorge
- elge energedi muratıbız — our aim is to go down to the village
- biz tawdan enebiz — we are coming down from the mountain
- ol özenŋe endi — he went down into the gorge
2. earmark, mark livestock by notching the ear
- qoynu energe — to mark the sheep with a notch in the ear
- mallanı enedile — they earmark the livestock
- biz qoylanı enebiz — we earmark the sheep
- qoylanı energe kerekdi — the sheep have to be earmarked
Conjugation
Common forms
- enedihe is going down
- endihe went down
- enŋendihe has gone down
- enerhe will go down
- enerikdihe is going to go down
- ene edihe was going down
- enseif he goes down
- en!go down!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menenemeI am going down | seneneseyou are going down | olenedihe is going down | bizenebizwe are going down | sizenesizyou all are going down | alaenedilethey are going down |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menenmeymeI am not going down | senenmeyseyou are not going down | olenmeydihe is not going down | bizenmeybizwe are not going down | sizenmeysizyou all are not going down | alaenmeydilethey are not going down |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menenememi? enemime?am I going down? | senenemise?are you going down? | olenemidi?is he going down? | bizenebizmi? enemibiz?are we going down? | sizenemisiz?are you all going down? | alaenemidile?are they going down? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menenmeymemi? enmeymime?aren't I going down? | senenmeymise?aren't you going down? | olenmeymidi?isn't he going down? | bizenmeybizmi? enmeymibiz?aren't we going down? | sizenmeymisiz?aren't you all going down? | alaenmeymidile?aren't they going down? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | meneniwçenmeI usually go down | seneniwçenseyou usually go down | oleniwçendihe usually goes down | bizeniwçenbizwe usually go down | sizeniwçensizyou all usually go down | alaeniwçendilethey usually go down |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menenmewçenmeI usually don't go down | senenmewçenseyou usually don't go down | olenmewçendihe usually doesn't go down | bizenmewçenbizwe usually don't go down | sizenmewçensizyou all usually don't go down | alaenmewçendilethey usually don't go down |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | meneniwçenmemi? eniwçenmime?do I usually go down? | seneniwçenmise?do you usually go down? | oleniwçenmidi?does he usually go down? | bizeniwçenbizmi? eniwçenmibiz?do we usually go down? | sizeniwçenmisiz?do you all usually go down? | alaeniwçenmidile?do they usually go down? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menenmewçenmemi? enmewçenmime?do I usually not go down? | senenmewçenmise?do you usually not go down? | olenmewçenmidi?does he usually not go down? | bizenmewçenbizmi? enmewçenmibiz?do we usually not go down? | sizenmewçenmisiz?do you all usually not go down? | alaenmewçenmidile?do they usually not go down? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olenibdihe has gone down and remains so | alaenibdilethey have gone down and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olenibmidi?has he gone down? | alaenibmidile?have they gone down? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menenib turamaI keep going down | senenib turasayou keep going down | olenib turadıhe keeps going down | bizenib turabızwe keep going down | sizenib turasızyou all keep going down | alaenib turadılathey keep going down |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menenib turmaymaI don't keep going down | senenib turmaysayou don't keep going down | olenib turmaydıhe doesn't keep going down | bizenib turmaybızwe don't keep going down | sizenib turmaysızyou all don't keep going down | alaenib turmaydılathey don't keep going down |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menenib turamamı? enib turamıma?do I keep going down? | senenib turamısa?do you keep going down? | olenib turamıdı?does he keep going down? | bizenib turabızmı? enib turamıbız?do we keep going down? | sizenib turamısız?do you all keep going down? | alaenib turamıdıla?do they keep going down? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menenib turmaymamı? enib turmaymıma?don't I keep going down? | senenib turmaymısa?don't you keep going down? | olenib turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep going down? | bizenib turmaybızmı? enib turmaymıbız?don't we keep going down? | sizenib turmaymısız?don't you all keep going down? | alaenib turmaymıdıla?don't they keep going down? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menene turamaI am in the middle of going down | senene turasayou are in the middle of going down | olene turadıhe is in the middle of going down | bizene turabızwe are in the middle of going down | sizene turasızyou all are in the middle of going down | alaene turadılathey are in the middle of going down |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menene turmaymaI am not in the middle of going down | senene turmaysayou are not in the middle of going down | olene turmaydıhe is not in the middle of going down | bizene turmaybızwe are not in the middle of going down | sizene turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of going down | alaene turmaydılathey are not in the middle of going down |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menene turamamı? ene turamıma?am I in the middle of going down? | senene turamısa?are you in the middle of going down? | olene turamıdı?is he in the middle of going down? | bizene turabızmı? ene turamıbız?are we in the middle of going down? | sizene turamısız?are you all in the middle of going down? | alaene turamıdıla?are they in the middle of going down? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menene turmaymamı? ene turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of going down? | senene turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of going down? | olene turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of going down? | bizene turmaybızmı? ene turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of going down? | sizene turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of going down? | alaene turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of going down? |
| Simple past (definite) | menendimI went down | senendiŋyou went down | olendihe went down | bizendikwe went down | sizendigizyou all went down | alaendilethey went down |
| Simple past (definite) | menenmedimI didn't go down | senenmediŋyou didn't go down | olenmedihe didn't go down | bizenmedikwe didn't go down | sizenmedigizyou all didn't go down | alaenmedilethey didn't go down |
| Simple past (definite) | menendimmi?did I go down? | senendiŋmi?did you go down? | olendimi?did he go down? | bizendikmi?did we go down? | sizendigizmi?did you all go down? | alaendilemi?did they go down? |
| Simple past (definite) | menenmedimmi?didn't I go down? | senenmediŋmi?didn't you go down? | olenmedimi?didn't he go down? | bizenmedikmi?didn't we go down? | sizenmedigizmi?didn't you all go down? | alaenmedilemi?didn't they go down? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menenŋenmeI have gone down | senenŋenseyou have gone down | olenŋendihe has gone down | bizenŋenbizwe have gone down | sizenŋensizyou all have gone down | alaenŋendilethey have gone down |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menenmegenmeI haven't gone down | senenmegenseyou haven't gone down | olenmegendihe hasn't gone down | bizenmegenbizwe haven't gone down | sizenmegensizyou all haven't gone down | alaenmegendilethey haven't gone down |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menenŋenmemi? enŋenmime?have I gone down? | senenŋenmise?have you gone down? | olenŋenmidi?has he gone down? | bizenŋenbizmi? enŋenmibiz?have we gone down? | sizenŋenmisiz?have you all gone down? | alaenŋenmidile?have they gone down? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menenmegenmemi? enmegenmime?haven't I gone down? | senenmegenmise?haven't you gone down? | olenmegenmidi?hasn't he gone down? | bizenmegenbizmi? enmegenmibiz?haven't we gone down? | sizenmegenmisiz?haven't you all gone down? | alaenmegenmidile?haven't they gone down? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menenib turdumI kept going down | senenib turduŋyou kept going down | olenib turduhe kept going down | bizenib turduqwe kept going down | sizenib turduğuzyou all kept going down | alaenib turdulathey kept going down |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menenib turmadımI didn't keep going down | senenib turmadıŋyou didn't keep going down | olenib turmadıhe didn't keep going down | bizenib turmadıqwe didn't keep going down | sizenib turmadığızyou all didn't keep going down | alaenib turmadılathey didn't keep going down |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menenermeI will go down | senenerseyou will go down | olenerhe will go down | bizenerbizwe will go down | sizenersizyou all will go down | alaenerlethey will go down |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menenmezmeI won't go down | senenmezseyou won't go down | olenmezhe won't go down | bizenmezbizwe won't go down | sizenmezsizyou all won't go down | alaenmezlethey won't go down |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menenermemi? enermime?will I go down? | senenermise?will you go down? | olenermi?will he go down? | bizenerbizmi? enermibiz?will we go down? | sizenermisiz?will you all go down? | alaenerlemi? enermile?will they go down? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menenmezmemi? enmezmime?won't I go down? | senenmezmise?won't you go down? | olenmezmi?won't he go down? | bizenmezbizmi? enmezmibiz?won't we go down? | sizenmezmisiz?won't you all go down? | alaenmezlemi? enmezmile?won't they go down? |
| Definite future (future II) | menenerikmeI am going to go down | senenerikseyou are going to go down | olenerikdihe is going to go down | bizenerikbizwe are going to go down | sizeneriksizyou all are going to go down | alaenerikdilethey are going to go down |
| Definite future (future II) | menenerik tülmeI am not going to go down | senenerik tülseyou are not going to go down | olenerik tüldühe is not going to go down | bizenerik tülbüzwe are not going to go down | sizenerik tülsüzyou all are not going to go down | alaenerik tüldülethey are not going to go down |
| Definite future (future II) | menenerikmemi? enerikmime?am I going to go down? | senenerikmise?are you going to go down? | olenerikmidi?is he going to go down? | bizenerikbizmi? enerikmibiz?are we going to go down? | sizenerikmisiz?are you all going to go down? | alaenerikmidile?are they going to go down? |
| Definite future (future II) | menenerik tülmüme?aren't I going to go down? | senenerik tülmüse?aren't you going to go down? | olenerik tülmüdü?isn't he going to go down? | bizenerik tülmübüz?aren't we going to go down? | sizenerik tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to go down? | alaenerik tülmüdüle?aren't they going to go down? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menenŋen edimenŋenemI had gone down | senenŋen ediŋenŋeneŋyou had gone down | olenŋen edienŋenedhe had gone down | bizenŋen edikenŋenekwe had gone down | sizenŋen edigizenŋenegizyou all had gone down | alaenŋen edileenŋenellethey had gone down |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menenmegen edimenmegenemI hadn't gone down | senenmegen ediŋenmegeneŋyou hadn't gone down | olenmegen edienmegenedhe hadn't gone down | bizenmegen edikenmegenekwe hadn't gone down | sizenmegen edigizenmegenegizyou all hadn't gone down | alaenmegen edileenmegenellethey hadn't gone down |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menene edimenemI was going down | senene ediŋeneŋyou were going down | olene edienedhe was going down | bizene edikenekwe were going down | sizene edigizenegizyou all were going down | alaene edileenellethey were going down |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menenmey edimenmeyemI wasn't going down | senenmey ediŋenmeyeŋyou weren't going down | olenmey edienmeyedhe wasn't going down | bizenmey edikenmeyekwe weren't going down | sizenmey edigizenmeyegizyou all weren't going down | alaenmey edileenmeyellethey weren't going down |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | meneniwçen edimeniwçenemI used to go down | seneniwçen ediŋeniwçeneŋyou used to go down | oleniwçen edieniwçenedhe used to go down | bizeniwçen edikeniwçenekwe used to go down | sizeniwçen edigizeniwçenegizyou all used to go down | alaeniwçen edileeniwçenellethey used to go down |
| Habitual past (used to) | menenmewçen edimenmewçenemI didn't use to go down | senenmewçen ediŋenmewçeneŋyou didn't use to go down | olenmewçen edienmewçenedhe didn't use to go down | bizenmewçen edikenmewçenekwe didn't use to go down | sizenmewçen edigizenmewçenegizyou all didn't use to go down | alaenmewçen edileenmewçenellethey didn't use to go down |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olenib edihe had gone down and remained so | alaenib edilethey had gone down and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olenib tül edihe hadn't gone down | alaenib tül edilethey hadn't gone down | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menenib tura edimenib turaemI had kept going down | senenib tura ediŋenib turaeŋyou had kept going down | olenib tura edienib turaedhe had kept going down | bizenib tura edikenib turaekwe had kept going down | sizenib tura edigizenib turaegizyou all had kept going down | alaenib tura edileenib turaellethey had kept going down |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menenib turmay edimenib turmayemI hadn't kept going down | senenib turmay ediŋenib turmayeŋyou hadn't kept going down | olenib turmay edienib turmayedhe hadn't kept going down | bizenib turmay edikenib turmayekwe hadn't kept going down | sizenib turmay edigizenib turmayegizyou all hadn't kept going down | alaenib turmay edileenib turmayellethey hadn't kept going down |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menene tura edimene turaemI was in the middle of going down | senene tura ediŋene turaeŋyou were in the middle of going down | olene tura ediene turaedhe was in the middle of going down | bizene tura edikene turaekwe were in the middle of going down | sizene tura edigizene turaegizyou all were in the middle of going down | alaene tura edileene turaellethey were in the middle of going down |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menene turmay edimene turmayemI wasn't in the middle of going down | senene turmay ediŋene turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of going down | olene turmay ediene turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of going down | bizene turmay edikene turmayekwe weren't in the middle of going down | sizene turmay edigizene turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of going down | alaene turmay edileene turmayellethey weren't in the middle of going down |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menener edimener emI would go down | senener ediŋener eŋyou would go down | olener ediener edhe would go down | bizener edikener ekwe would go down | sizener edigizener egizyou all would go down | alaener edileener ellethey would go down |
| Conditional result (would) | menenmez edimenmez emI wouldn't go down | senenmez ediŋenmez eŋyou wouldn't go down | olenmez edienmez edhe wouldn't go down | bizenmez edikenmez ekwe wouldn't go down | sizenmez edigizenmez egizyou all wouldn't go down | alaenmez edileenmez ellethey wouldn't go down |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menenerik edimenerik emI would have gone down | senenerik ediŋenerik eŋyou would have gone down | olenerik edienerik edhe would have gone down | bizenerik edikenerik ekwe would have gone down | sizenerik edigizenerik egizyou all would have gone down | alaenerik edileenerik ellethey would have gone down |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menenerik tül edimenerik tül emI wouldn't have gone down | senenerik tül ediŋenerik tül eŋyou wouldn't have gone down | olenerik tül edienerik tül edhe wouldn't have gone down | bizenerik tül edikenerik tül ekwe wouldn't have gone down | sizenerik tül edigizenerik tül egizyou all wouldn't have gone down | alaenerik tül edileenerik tül ellethey wouldn't have gone down |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menensemif I go down | senenseŋif you go down | olenseif he goes down | bizensekif we go down | sizensegizif you all go down | alaenseleif they go down |
| Conditional | menenmesemif I don't go down | senenmeseŋif you don't go down | olenmeseif he doesn't go down | bizenmesekif we don't go down | sizenmesegizif you all don't go down | alaenmeseleif they don't go down |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menene esemif I am going down | senene eseŋif you are going down | olene eseif he is going down | bizene esekif we are going down | sizene esegizif you all are going down | alaene eseleif they are going down |
| Conditional, present real | menenmey esemif I am not going down | senenmey eseŋif you are not going down | olenmey eseif he is not going down | bizenmey esekif we are not going down | sizenmey esegizif you all are not going down | alaenmey eseleif they are not going down |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menensem ediensem edif only I went down | senenseŋ edienseŋ edif only you went down | olense ediensedif only he went down | bizensek ediensek edif only we went down | sizensegiz ediensegiz edif only you all went down | alaensele edienseledif only they went down |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menenmesem edienmesem edif only I didn't go down | senenmeseŋ edienmeseŋ edif only you didn't go down | olenmese edienmesedif only he didn't go down | bizenmesek edienmesek edif only we didn't go down | sizenmesegiz edienmesegiz edif only you all didn't go down | alaenmesele edienmeseledif only they didn't go down |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menenib tursamif I carry on going down | senenib tursaŋif you carry on going down | olenib tursaif he carries on going down | bizenib tursaqif we carry on going down | sizenib tursağızif you all carry on going down | alaenib tursalaif they carry on going down |
| Durative conditional | menenib turmasamif I don't carry on going down | senenib turmasaŋif you don't carry on going down | olenib turmasaif he doesn't carry on going down | bizenib turmasaqif we don't carry on going down | sizenib turmasağızif you all don't carry on going down | alaenib turmasalaif they don't carry on going down |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menenib tura esemif I have kept going down | senenib tura eseŋif you have kept going down | olenib tura eseif he has kept going down | bizenib tura esekif we have kept going down | sizenib tura esegizif you all have kept going down | alaenib tura eseleif they have kept going down |
| Durative conditional, present real | menenib turmay esemif I haven't kept going down | senenib turmay eseŋif you haven't kept going down | olenib turmay eseif he hasn't kept going down | bizenib turmay esekif we haven't kept going down | sizenib turmay esegizif you all haven't kept going down | alaenib turmay eseleif they haven't kept going down |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menene tursamif I keep going down | senene tursaŋif you keep going down | olene tursaif he keeps going down | bizene tursaqif we keep going down | sizene tursağızif you all keep going down | alaene tursalaif they keep going down |
| Progressive conditional | menenmey tursamif I keep on not going down | senenmey tursaŋif you keep on not going down | olenmey tursaif he keeps on not going down | bizenmey tursaqif we keep on not going down | sizenmey tursağızif you all keep on not going down | alaenmey tursalaif they keep on not going down |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menene tura esemif I am in the middle of going down | senene tura eseŋif you are in the middle of going down | olene tura eseif he is in the middle of going down | bizene tura esekif we are in the middle of going down | sizene tura esegizif you all are in the middle of going down | alaene tura eseleif they are in the middle of going down |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menenmey tura esemif I keep on not going down | senenmey tura eseŋif you keep on not going down | olenmey tura eseif he keeps on not going down | bizenmey tura esekif we keep on not going down | sizenmey tura esegizif you all keep on not going down | alaenmey tura eseleif they keep on not going down |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menendim esemif I went down | senendiŋ eseŋif you went down | olendi eseif he went down | bizendik esekif we went down | sizendigiz esegizif you all went down | alaendile eseleif they went down |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menenmedim esemif I didn't go down | senenmediŋ eseŋif you didn't go down | olenmedi eseif he didn't go down | bizenmedik esekif we didn't go down | sizenmedigiz esegizif you all didn't go down | alaenmedile eseleif they didn't go down |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menenŋen esemif I did go down (indeed) | senenŋen eseŋif you did go down (indeed) | olenŋen eseif he did go down (indeed) | bizenŋen esekif we did go down (indeed) | sizenŋen esegizif you all did go down (indeed) | alaenŋen eseleif they did go down (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menenmegen esemif I didn't go down (indeed) | senenmegen eseŋif you didn't go down (indeed) | olenmegen eseif he didn't go down (indeed) | bizenmegen esekif we didn't go down (indeed) | sizenmegen esegizif you all didn't go down (indeed) | alaenmegen eseleif they didn't go down (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menenŋen bolsamif I had gone down | senenŋen bolsaŋif you had gone down | olenŋen bolsaif he had gone down | bizenŋen bolsaqif we had gone down | sizenŋen bolsağızif you all had gone down | alaenŋen bolsalaif they had gone down |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menenmegen bolsamif I hadn't gone down | senenmegen bolsaŋif you hadn't gone down | olenmegen bolsaif he hadn't gone down | bizenmegen bolsaqif we hadn't gone down | sizenmegen bolsağızif you all hadn't gone down | alaenmegen bolsalaif they hadn't gone down |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menenŋen bolsam edienŋen bolsam edif only I had gone down | senenŋen bolsaŋ edienŋen bolsaŋ edif only you had gone down | olenŋen bolsa edienŋen bolsaedif only he had gone down | bizenŋen bolsaq edienŋen bolsaq edif only we had gone down | sizenŋen bolsağız edienŋen bolsağız edif only you all had gone down | alaenŋen bolsala edienŋen bolsalaedif only they had gone down |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menenmegen bolsam edienmegen bolsam edif only I hadn't gone down | senenmegen bolsaŋ edienmegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't gone down | olenmegen bolsa edienmegen bolsaedif only he hadn't gone down | bizenmegen bolsaq edienmegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't gone down | sizenmegen bolsağız edienmegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't gone down | alaenmegen bolsala edienmegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't gone down |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menener esemif I will go down | senener eseŋif you will go down | olener eseif he will go down | bizener esekif we will go down | sizener esegizif you all will go down | alaener eseleif they will go down |
| Conditional, aorist | menenmez esemif I won't go down | senenmez eseŋif you won't go down | olenmez eseif he won't go down | bizenmez esekif we won't go down | sizenmez esegizif you all won't go down | alaenmez eseleif they won't go down |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menenerik esemif I am going to go down | senenerik eseŋif you are going to go down | olenerik eseif he is going to go down | bizenerik esekif we are going to go down | sizenerik esegizif you all are going to go down | alaenerik eseleif they are going to go down |
| Conditional, future | menenerik tül esemif I am not going to go down | senenerik tül eseŋif you are not going to go down | olenerik tül eseif he is not going to go down | bizenerik tül esekif we are not going to go down | sizenerik tül esegizif you all are not going to go down | alaenerik tül eseleif they are not going to go down |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menenerik bolsamif I were going to go down | senenerik bolsaŋif you were going to go down | olenerik bolsaif he were going to go down | bizenerik bolsaqif we were going to go down | sizenerik bolsağızif you all were going to go down | alaenerik bolsalaif they were going to go down |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menenmezlik bolsamif I were not going to go down | senenmezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to go down | olenmezlik bolsaif he were not going to go down | bizenmezlik bolsaqif we were not going to go down | sizenmezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to go down | alaenmezlik bolsalaif they were not going to go down |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso endiŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menene bolurmaI must be going down | senene bolursayou must be going down | olene bolurhe must be going down | bizene bolurbuzwe must be going down | sizene bolursuzyou all must be going down | alaene bolurlathey must be going down |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menenmey bolurmaI must not be going down | senenmey bolursayou must not be going down | olenmey bolurhe must not be going down | bizenmey bolurbuzwe must not be going down | sizenmey bolursuzyou all must not be going down | alaenmey bolurlathey must not be going down |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menene tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of going down | senene tura bolursayou must be in the middle of going down | olene tura bolurhe must be in the middle of going down | bizene tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of going down | sizene tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of going down | alaene tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of going down |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menenmey tura bolurmaI must keep on not going down | senenmey tura bolursayou must keep on not going down | olenmey tura bolurhe must keep on not going down | bizenmey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not going down | sizenmey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not going down | alaenmey tura bolurlathey must keep on not going down |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menenŋen bolurmaI must have gone down | senenŋen bolursayou must have gone down | olenŋen bolurhe must have gone down | bizenŋen bolurbuzwe must have gone down | sizenŋen bolursuzyou all must have gone down | alaenŋen bolurlathey must have gone down |
| Inference (must have) | menenmegen bolurmaI must not have gone down | senenmegen bolursayou must not have gone down | olenmegen bolurhe must not have gone down | bizenmegen bolurbuzwe must not have gone down | sizenmegen bolursuzyou all must not have gone down | alaenmegen bolurlathey must not have gone down |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menenerik bolurmaI must be going to go down | senenerik bolursayou must be going to go down | olenerik bolurhe must be going to go down | bizenerik bolurbuzwe must be going to go down | sizenerik bolursuzyou all must be going to go down | alaenerik bolurlathey must be going to go down |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menenmezlik bolurmaI must not be going to go down | senenmezlik bolursayou must not be going to go down | olenmezlik bolurhe must not be going to go down | bizenmezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to go down | sizenmezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to go down | alaenmezlik bolurlathey must not be going to go down |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | meneneyimlet me go down | senen!go down! | olensinlet him go down | bizeneyiklet's go down | sizenigiz!go down, you all! | alaensinlelet them go down |
| Commands & suggestions | menenmeyimlet me not go down | senenme!don't go down! | olenmesinlet him not go down | bizenmeyiklet's not go down | sizenmegiz!don't go down, you all! | alaenmesinlelet them not go down |
| Commands & suggestions | meneneyimmi?shall I go down? | olensinmi?should he go down? | bizeneyikmi?shall we go down? | alaensinlemi?should they go down? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menenmeyimmi?shall I not go down? | olenmesinmi?should he not go down? | bizenmeyikmi?shall we not go down? | alaenmesinlemi?should they not go down? | ||
| Requests | senençi2ençinplease go down | olensinçido let him go down | sizençigizplease go down (plural/polite) | alaensinleçido let them go down | ||
| Requests | senenmeçi2enmeçinplease don't go down | olenmesinçido let him not go down | sizenmeçigizplease don't go down (plural/polite) | alaenmesinleçido let them not go down | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senenŋinenŋimay you go down | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senenmeginenmegimay you not go down | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menenŋey edim enŋe edimwould that I went down | senenŋey ediŋ enŋe ediŋwould that you went down | olenŋey edi enŋe ediwould that he went down | bizenŋey edik enŋe edikwould that we went down | sizenŋey edigiz enŋe edigizwould that you all went down | alaenŋey edile enŋe edilewould that they went down |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menenmegey edim enmege edimwould that I did not go down | senenmegey ediŋ enmege ediŋwould that you did not go down | olenmegey edi enmege ediwould that he did not go down | bizenmegey edik enmege edikwould that we did not go down | sizenmegey edigiz enmege edigizwould that you all did not go down | alaenmegey edile enmege edilewould that they did not go down |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menenmege qoyayımenme qoyayımlet me allow someone to go down | senenmege qoy!enme qoy!let someone go down! | olenmege qoysunenme qoysunlet him allow someone to go down | bizenmege qoyayıqenme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to go down | sizenmege qoyuğuz!enme qoyuğuz!let someone go down, you all! | alaenmege qoysunlaenme qoysunlalet them allow someone to go down |
| Let someone… (commands) | menenmege qoymayımenme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to go down | senenmege qoyma!enme qoyma!don't let someone go down! | olenmege qoymasınenme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to go down | bizenmege qoymayıqenme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to go down | sizenmege qoymağız!enme qoymağız!don't let someone go down, you all! | alaenmege qoymasınlaenme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to go down |
| Let someone… (commands) | menenmege qoyayımmı?enme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to go down? | olenmege qoysunmu?enme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to go down? | bizenmege qoyayıqmı?enme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to go down? | alaenmege qoysunlamı?enme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to go down? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menenmege qoymayımmı?enme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to go down? | olenmege qoymasınmı?enme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to go down? | bizenmege qoymayıqmı?enme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to go down? | alaenmege qoymasınlamı?enme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to go down? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menenmege qoyamaenme qoyamaI allow someone to go down | senenmege qoyasaenme qoyasayou allow someone to go down | olenmege qoyadıenme qoyadıhe allows someone to go down | bizenmege qoyabızenme qoyabızwe allow someone to go down | sizenmege qoyasızenme qoyasızyou all allow someone to go down | alaenmege qoyadılaenme qoyadılathey allow someone to go down |
| Let someone… (present) | menenmege qoymaymaenme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to go down | senenmege qoymaysaenme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to go down | olenmege qoymaydıenme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to go down | bizenmege qoymaybızenme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to go down | sizenmege qoymaysızenme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to go down | alaenmege qoymaydılaenme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to go down |
| Let someone… (present) | menenmege qoyamamı?enme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to go down? | senenmege qoyamısa?enme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to go down? | olenmege qoyamıdı?enme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to go down? | bizenmege qoyabızmı?enme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to go down? | sizenmege qoyamısız?enme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to go down? | alaenmege qoyamıdıla?enme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to go down? |
| Let someone… (present) | menenmege qoymaymamı?enme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to go down? | senenmege qoymaymısa?enme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to go down? | olenmege qoymaymıdı?enme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to go down? | bizenmege qoymaybızmı?enme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to go down? | sizenmege qoymaymısız?enme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to go down? | alaenmege qoymaymıdıla?enme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to go down? |
| Let someone… (past) | menenmege qoydumenme qoydumI allowed someone to go down | senenmege qoyduŋenme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to go down | olenmege qoyduenme qoyduhe allowed someone to go down | bizenmege qoyduqenme qoyduqwe allowed someone to go down | sizenmege qoyduğuzenme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to go down | alaenmege qoydulaenme qoydulathey allowed someone to go down |
| Let someone… (past) | menenmege qoymadımenme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to go down | senenmege qoymadıŋenme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to go down | olenmege qoymadıenme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to go down | bizenmege qoymadıqenme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to go down | sizenmege qoymadığızenme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to go down | alaenmege qoymadılaenme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to go down |
| Let someone… (past) | menenmege qoydummu?enme qoydummu?did I allow someone to go down? | senenmege qoyduŋmu?enme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to go down? | olenmege qoydumu?enme qoydumu?did he allow someone to go down? | bizenmege qoyduqmu?enme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to go down? | sizenmege qoyduğuzmu?enme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to go down? | alaenmege qoydulamı?enme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to go down? |
| Let someone… (past) | menenmege qoymadımmı?enme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to go down? | senenmege qoymadıŋmı?enme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to go down? | olenmege qoymadımı?enme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to go down? | bizenmege qoymadıqmı?enme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to go down? | sizenmege qoymadığızmı?enme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to go down? | alaenmege qoymadılamı?enme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to go down? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menenalamaI can go down | senenalasayou can go down | olenaladıhe can go down | bizenalabızwe can go down | sizenalasızyou all can go down | alaenaladılathey can go down |
| Ability — present | menenalmaymaI can't go down | senenalmaysayou can't go down | olenalmaydıhe can't go down | bizenalmaybızwe can't go down | sizenalmaysızyou all can't go down | alaenalmaydılathey can't go down |
| Ability — present | menenalamamı? enalamıma?can I go down? | senenalamısa?can you go down? | olenalamıdı?can he go down? | bizenalabızmı? enalamıbız?can we go down? | sizenalamısız?can you all go down? | alaenalamıdıla?can they go down? |
| Ability — present | menenalmaymamı? enalmaymıma?can't I go down? | senenalmaymısa?can't you go down? | olenalmaymıdı?can't he go down? | bizenalmaybızmı? enalmaymıbız?can't we go down? | sizenalmaymısız?can't you all go down? | alaenalmaymıdıla?can't they go down? |
| Ability — if I can… | menenalsamif I can go down | senenalsaŋif you can go down | olenalsaif he can go down | bizenalsaqif we can go down | sizenalsağızif you all can go down | alaenalsalaif they can go down |
| Ability — if I can… | menenalmasamif I can't go down | senenalmasaŋif you can't go down | olenalmasaif he can't go down | bizenalmasaqif we can't go down | sizenalmasağızif you all can't go down | alaenalmasalaif they can't go down |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menenaldımI was able to go down | senenaldıŋyou were able to go down | olenaldıhe was able to go down | bizenaldıqwe were able to go down | sizenaldığızyou all were able to go down | alaenaldılathey were able to go down |
| Ability — simple past | menenalmadımI could not go down | senenalmadıŋyou could not go down | olenalmadıhe could not go down | bizenalmadıqwe could not go down | sizenalmadığızyou all could not go down | alaenalmadılathey could not go down |
| Ability — simple past | menenaldımmı?was I able to go down? | senenaldıŋmı?were you able to go down? | olenaldımı?was he able to go down? | bizenaldıqmı?were we able to go down? | sizenaldığızmı?were you all able to go down? | alaenaldılamı?were they able to go down? |
| Ability — simple past | menenalmadımmı?couldn't I go down? | senenalmadıŋmı?couldn't you go down? | olenalmadımı?couldn't he go down? | bizenalmadıqmı?couldn't we go down? | sizenalmadığızmı?couldn't you all go down? | alaenalmadılamı?couldn't they go down? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menenalğanmaI have been able to go down | senenalğansayou have been able to go down | olenalğandıhe has been able to go down | bizenalğanbızwe have been able to go down | sizenalğansızyou all have been able to go down | alaenalğandılathey have been able to go down |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menenalmağanmaI haven't been able to go down | senenalmağansayou haven't been able to go down | olenalmağandıhe hasn't been able to go down | bizenalmağanbızwe haven't been able to go down | sizenalmağansızyou all haven't been able to go down | alaenalmağandılathey haven't been able to go down |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menenalğanmamı? enalğanmıma?have I been able to go down? | senenalğanmısa?have you been able to go down? | olenalğanmıdı?has he been able to go down? | bizenalğanbızmı? enalğanmıbız?have we been able to go down? | sizenalğanmısız?have you all been able to go down? | alaenalğanmıdıla?have they been able to go down? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menenalmağanmamı? enalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to go down? | senenalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to go down? | olenalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to go down? | bizenalmağanbızmı? enalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to go down? | sizenalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to go down? | alaenalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to go down? |
| Ability — past perfect | menenalğan edimenalğanemI had been able to go down | senenalğan ediŋenalğaneŋyou had been able to go down | olenalğan edienalğanedhe had been able to go down | bizenalğan edikenalğanekwe had been able to go down | sizenalğan edigizenalğanegizyou all had been able to go down | alaenalğan edileenalğanellethey had been able to go down |
| Ability — past perfect | menenalmağan edimenalmağanemI hadn't been able to go down | senenalmağan ediŋenalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to go down | olenalmağan edienalmağanedhe hadn't been able to go down | bizenalmağan edikenalmağanekwe hadn't been able to go down | sizenalmağan edigizenalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to go down | alaenalmağan edileenalmağanellethey hadn't been able to go down |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menenala edimenalaemI could go down | senenala ediŋenalaeŋyou could go down | olenala edienalaedhe could go down | bizenala edikenalaekwe could go down | sizenala edigizenalaegizyou all could go down | alaenala edileenalaellethey could go down |
| Ability — past background | menenalmay edimenalmayemI could not go down | senenalmay ediŋenalmayeŋyou could not go down | olenalmay edienalmayedhe could not go down | bizenalmay edikenalmayekwe could not go down | sizenalmay edigizenalmayegizyou all could not go down | alaenalmay edileenalmayellethey could not go down |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menenalırmaI will be able to go down | senenalırsayou will be able to go down | olenalırhe will be able to go down | bizenalırbızwe will be able to go down | sizenalırsızyou all will be able to go down | alaenalırlathey will be able to go down |
| Ability — future I | menenalmazmaI won't be able to go down | senenalmazsayou won't be able to go down | olenalmazhe won't be able to go down | bizenalmazbızwe won't be able to go down | sizenalmazsızyou all won't be able to go down | alaenalmazlathey won't be able to go down |
| Ability — future I | menenalırmamı? enalırmıma?will I be able to go down? | senenalırmısa?will you be able to go down? | olenalırmı?will he be able to go down? | bizenalırbızmı? enalırmıbız?will we be able to go down? | sizenalırmısız?will you all be able to go down? | alaenalırlamı? enalırmıla?will they be able to go down? |
| Ability — future I | menenalmazmamı? enalmazmıma?won't I be able to go down? | senenalmazmısa?won't you be able to go down? | olenalmazmı?won't he be able to go down? | bizenalmazbızmı? enalmazmıbız?won't we be able to go down? | sizenalmazmısız?won't you all be able to go down? | alaenalmazlamı? enalmazmıla?won't they be able to go down? |
| Ability — future II | menenallıqmaI am going to be able to go down | senenallıqsayou are going to be able to go down | olenallıqdıhe is going to be able to go down | bizenallıqbızwe are going to be able to go down | sizenallıqsızyou all are going to be able to go down | alaenallıqdılathey are going to be able to go down |
| Ability — future II | menenallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to go down | senenallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to go down | olenallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to go down | bizenallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to go down | sizenallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to go down | alaenallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to go down |
| Ability — future II | menenallıqmamı? enallıqmıma?am I going to be able to go down? | senenallıqmısa?are you going to be able to go down? | olenallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to go down? | bizenallıqbızmı? enallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to go down? | sizenallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to go down? | alaenallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to go down? |
| Ability — future II | menenallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to go down? | senenallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to go down? | olenallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to go down? | bizenallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to go down? | sizenallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to go down? | alaenallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to go down? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menenalır edimenalır emI would be able to go down | senenalır ediŋenalır eŋyou would be able to go down | olenalır edienalır edhe would be able to go down | bizenalır edikenalır ekwe would be able to go down | sizenalır edigizenalır egizyou all would be able to go down | alaenalır edileenalır ellethey would be able to go down |
| Ability — would be able to… | menenalmaz edimenalmaz emI wouldn't be able to go down | senenalmaz ediŋenalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to go down | olenalmaz edienalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to go down | bizenalmaz edikenalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to go down | sizenalmaz edigizenalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to go down | alaenalmaz edileenalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to go down |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senenalğınenalğımay you be able to go down | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senenalmağınenalmağımay you not be able to go down | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menenerge izleymeI want to go down | senenerge izleyseyou want to go down | olenerge izleydihe wants to go down | bizenerge izleybizwe want to go down | sizenerge izleysizyou all want to go down | alaenerge izleydilethey want to go down |
| want to | menenerge izlemeymeI do not want to go down | senenerge izlemeyseyou do not want to go down | olenerge izlemeydihe does not want to go down | bizenerge izlemeybizwe do not want to go down | sizenerge izlemeysizyou all do not want to go down | alaenerge izlemeydilethey do not want to go down |
| would like to | menenerge süemeI would like to go down | senenerge süeseyou would like to go down | olenerge süedihe would like to go down | bizenerge süebizwe would like to go down | sizenerge süesizyou all would like to go down | alaenerge süedilethey would like to go down |
| would like to | menenerge süymeymeI would not like to go down | senenerge süymeyseyou would not like to go down | olenerge süymeydihe would not like to go down | bizenerge süymeybizwe would not like to go down | sizenerge süymeysizyou all would not like to go down | alaenerge süymeydilethey would not like to go down |
| hope to | menenerge umutlanamaI hope to go down | senenerge umutlanasayou hope to go down | olenerge umutlanadıhe hopes to go down | bizenerge umutlanabızwe hope to go down | sizenerge umutlanasızyou all hope to go down | alaenerge umutlanadılathey hope to go down |
| hope to | menenerge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to go down | senenerge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to go down | olenerge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to go down | bizenerge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to go down | sizenerge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to go down | alaenerge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to go down |
| be about to | menenerge deb turamaI am about to go down | senenerge deb turasayou are about to go down | olenerge deb turadıhe is about to go down | bizenerge deb turabızwe are about to go down | sizenerge deb turasızyou all are about to go down | alaenerge deb turadılathey are about to go down |
| be about to | menenerge deb turmaymaI am not about to go down | senenerge deb turmaysayou are not about to go down | olenerge deb turmaydıhe is not about to go down | bizenerge deb turmaybızwe are not about to go down | sizenerge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to go down | alaenerge deb turmaydılathey are not about to go down |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menenerge kerekmeI need to go down | senenerge kerekseyou need to go down | olenerge kerekdihe needs to go down | bizenerge kerekbizwe need to go down | sizenerge kereksizyou all need to go down | alaenerge kerekdilethey need to go down |
| need to | menenerge kerek tülmeI do not need to go down | senenerge kerek tülseyou do not need to go down | olenerge kerek tüldühe does not need to go down | bizenerge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to go down | sizenerge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to go down | alaenerge kerek tüldülethey do not need to go down |
| have to | menmenŋe energe tüşediI have to go down | sensenŋe energe tüşediyou have to go down | olaŋa energe tüşedihe has to go down | bizbizge energe tüşediwe have to go down | sizsizge energe tüşediyou all have to go down | alaalağa energe tüşedithey have to go down |
| have to | menmenŋe energe tüşmeydiI do not have to go down | sensenŋe energe tüşmeydiyou do not have to go down | olaŋa energe tüşmeydihe does not have to go down | bizbizge energe tüşmeydiwe do not have to go down | sizsizge energe tüşmeydiyou all do not have to go down | alaalağa energe tüşmeydithey do not have to go down |
| be obliged to | menenerge borçlumaI am obliged to go down | senenerge borçlusayou are obliged to go down | olenerge borçluduhe is obliged to go down | bizenerge borçlubuzwe are obliged to go down | sizenerge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to go down | alaenerge borçludulathey are obliged to go down |
| be obliged to | menenerge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to go down | senenerge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to go down | olenerge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to go down | bizenerge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to go down | sizenerge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to go down | alaenerge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to go down |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menenerge madarım bardıI have a way to go down | senenerge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to go down | olenerge madarı bardıhe has a way to go down | bizenerge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to go down | sizenerge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to go down | alaenerge madarları bardıthey have a way to go down |
| have a way to | menenerge madarım joqduI have no way to go down | senenerge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to go down | olenerge madarı joqduhe has no way to go down | bizenerge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to go down | sizenerge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to go down | alaenerge madarları joqduthey have no way to go down |
| be free to | menenerge erkinligim bardıI am free to go down | senenerge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to go down | olenerge erkinligi bardıhe is free to go down | bizenerge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to go down | sizenerge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to go down | alaenerge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to go down |
| be free to | menenerge erkinligim joqduI am not free to go down | senenerge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to go down | olenerge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to go down | bizenerge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to go down | sizenerge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to go down | alaenerge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to go down |
| be possible to | menmenŋe energe bolluqduit is possible for me to go down | sensenŋe energe bolluqduit is possible for you to go down | olaŋa energe bolluqduit is possible for him to go down | bizbizge energe bolluqduit is possible for us to go down | sizsizge energe bolluqduit is possible for you all to go down | alaalağa energe bolluqduit is possible for them to go down |
| be possible to | menmenŋe energe bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to go down | sensenŋe energe bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to go down | olaŋa energe bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to go down | bizbizge energe bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to go down | sizsizge energe bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to go down | alaalağa energe bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to go down |
| be ready to | menenerge hazırmaI am ready to go down | senenerge hazırsayou are ready to go down | olenerge hazırdıhe is ready to go down | bizenerge hazırbızwe are ready to go down | sizenerge hazırsızyou all are ready to go down | alaenerge hazırdılathey are ready to go down |
| be ready to | menenerge hazır tülmeI am not ready to go down | senenerge hazır tülseyou are not ready to go down | olenerge hazır tüldühe is not ready to go down | bizenerge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to go down | sizenerge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to go down | alaenerge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to go down |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menenerge küreşemeI am trying to go down | senenerge küreşeseyou are trying to go down | olenerge küreşedihe is trying to go down | bizenerge küreşebizwe are trying to go down | sizenerge küreşesizyou all are trying to go down | alaenerge küreşedilethey are trying to go down |
| try to | menenerge küreşmeymeI am not trying to go down | senenerge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to go down | olenerge küreşmeydihe is not trying to go down | bizenerge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to go down | sizenerge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to go down | alaenerge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to go down |
| agree to | menenerge unaymaI agree to go down | senenerge unaysayou agree to go down | olenerge unaydıhe agrees to go down | bizenerge unaybızwe agree to go down | sizenerge unaysızyou all agree to go down | alaenerge unaydılathey agree to go down |
| agree to | menenerge unamaymaI refuse to go down | senenerge unamaysayou refuse to go down | olenerge unamaydıhe refuses to go down | bizenerge unamaybızwe refuse to go down | sizenerge unamaysızyou all refuse to go down | alaenerge unamaydılathey refuse to go down |
| hurry to | menenerge aşığamaI am in a hurry to go down | senenerge aşığasayou are in a hurry to go down | olenerge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to go down | bizenerge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to go down | sizenerge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to go down | alaenerge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to go down |
| hurry to | menenerge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to go down | senenerge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to go down | olenerge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to go down | bizenerge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to go down | sizenerge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to go down | alaenerge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to go down |
| be afraid to | menenerge qorqamaI am afraid to go down | senenerge qorqasayou are afraid to go down | olenerge qorqadıhe is afraid to go down | bizenerge qorqabızwe are afraid to go down | sizenerge qorqasızyou all are afraid to go down | alaenerge qorqadılathey are afraid to go down |
| be afraid to | menenerge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to go down | senenerge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to go down | olenerge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to go down | bizenerge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to go down | sizenerge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to go down | alaenerge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to go down |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menene bolmazmaI can't be going down | senene bolmazsayou can't be going down | olene bolmazhe can't be going down | bizene bolmazbızwe can't be going down | sizene bolmazsızyou all can't be going down | alaene bolmazlathey can't be going down |
| Inference, present — double negation | menenmey bolmazmaI must be going down (emphatic) | senenmey bolmazsayou must be going down (emphatic) | olenmey bolmazhe must be going down (emphatic) | bizenmey bolmazbızwe must be going down (emphatic) | sizenmey bolmazsızyou all must be going down (emphatic) | alaenmey bolmazlathey must be going down (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menene turmasamif I don't keep going down | senene turmasaŋif you don't keep going down | olene turmasaif he doesn't keep going down | bizene turmasaqif we don't keep going down | sizene turmasağızif you all don't keep going down | alaene turmasalaif they don't keep going down |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menene tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of going down | senene tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of going down | olene tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of going down | bizene tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of going down | sizene tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of going down | alaene tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of going down |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menenmey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not going down (emphatic) | senenmey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not going down (emphatic) | olenmey tura bolmazhe must keep on not going down (emphatic) | bizenmey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not going down (emphatic) | sizenmey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not going down (emphatic) | alaenmey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not going down (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menenmey turamaI keep on not going down | senenmey turasayou keep on not going down | olenmey turadıhe keeps on not going down | bizenmey turabızwe keep on not going down | sizenmey turasızyou all keep on not going down | alaenmey turadılathey keep on not going down |
| Progressive — double negation | menenmey turmaymaI am not keeping on not going down | senenmey turmaysayou are not keeping on not going down | olenmey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not going down | bizenmey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not going down | sizenmey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not going down | alaenmey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not going down |
| Progressive — double negation | menenmey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not going down? | senenmey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not going down? | olenmey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not going down? | bizenmey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not going down? | sizenmey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not going down? | alaenmey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not going down? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menenŋen bolmazmaI can't have gone down | senenŋen bolmazsayou can't have gone down | olenŋen bolmazhe can't have gone down | bizenŋen bolmazbızwe can't have gone down | sizenŋen bolmazsızyou all can't have gone down | alaenŋen bolmazlathey can't have gone down |
| Inference — double negation | menenmegen bolmazmaI must have gone down (emphatic) | senenmegen bolmazsayou must have gone down (emphatic) | olenmegen bolmazhe must have gone down (emphatic) | bizenmegen bolmazbızwe must have gone down (emphatic) | sizenmegen bolmazsızyou all must have gone down (emphatic) | alaenmegen bolmazlathey must have gone down (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menenŋen bolmasamif it weren't that I had gone down | senenŋen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had gone down | olenŋen bolmasaif it weren't that he had gone down | bizenŋen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had gone down | sizenŋen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had gone down | alaenŋen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had gone down |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menenmegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't gone down | senenmegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't gone down | olenmegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't gone down | bizenmegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't gone down | sizenmegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't gone down | alaenmegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't gone down |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menenerik bolmazmaI can't be going to go down | senenerik bolmazsayou can't be going to go down | olenerik bolmazhe can't be going to go down | bizenerik bolmazbızwe can't be going to go down | sizenerik bolmazsızyou all can't be going to go down | alaenerik bolmazlathey can't be going to go down |
| Inference, future — double negation | menenmezlik bolmazmaI must be going to go down (emphatic) | senenmezlik bolmazsayou must be going to go down (emphatic) | olenmezlik bolmazhe must be going to go down (emphatic) | bizenmezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to go down (emphatic) | sizenmezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to go down (emphatic) | alaenmezlik bolmazlathey must be going to go down (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menenerik bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to go down | senenerik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to go down | olenerik bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to go down | bizenerik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to go down | sizenerik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to go down | alaenerik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to go down |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menenmezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to go down | senenmezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to go down | olenmezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to go down | bizenmezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to go down | sizenmezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to go down | alaenmezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to go down |