jer / Jer
/dʒer/ · plural jerle
1. earth, ground, soil — Before another noun it means earthen, made of earth (jer üy dugout; cellar).
- qumlu jer — sandy ground
- taşlı jer — stony ground
- jer tübündegi suw — the water under the ground
- qumlu jerde ösedile — they grow in sandy ground
- jerge salırğa — to set something down on the ground
2. place, spot, locality
- bu jerlede — in these parts
- taw jer — mountainous country
- başha jerden kelgen — who has come from another place
- işlegen jeri — the place where he works
- olturğan jerinden turmadı — he did not get up from the place where he sat
- har jerge — to every place
3. land, plot of land — Before another noun it means land, agrarian (jer reforma land reform, jer bawur landholdings).
- bay jer — rich, fertile land
- sürülgen jer — plowed land
- qırdış jer — virgin land
- jer iesi — landowner
- jeri az — having little land
- jer sürebiz, mal kütebiz — we plow the land, we herd cattle
- jer sürmegen bayınmaz — he who does not till the land will not grow rich
4. territory — Before another noun it means territorial (jer daw territorial disputes).
- çek qatı jer — the border zone
- Rosseyni jerinde — on the territory of Russia
- jer daw — territorial disputes
- qralnı jeri teŋizge deri jetedi — the country's territory reaches as far as the sea
- çek qatı jerge juwuq barmağız — do not go near the border zone
- çekni qatı jer — territory beside the border
5. dry land, land as opposed to water
- kemeden qarab, jerni körebiz — looking from the ship, we see land
- jerde em da teŋizde — on land and at sea
- jerde da, suwda da jaşaydıla — they live both on land and in water
- köb künden sora jerni kördük — after many days we saw land
6. homeland, native land
- tuwğan jerim — my native land
- biz elibizni, jeribizni süebiz — we love our village, our land
- tuwğan jerime qaytırğa süeme — I want to return to my native land
- har adam tuwğan jerin süedi — every person loves his native land
7. country, land
- uzaq jerleden kelgendi — he has come from distant lands
- jat jerlede jaşaydı — he lives in foreign lands
8. place, rank, standing — Used of the place someone takes in a contest or in society.
- çabışıwda birinçi jerni alğandı — in the race he took first place
- erişiwde üçünçü jerni aldıq — we took third place in the competition
- ekinçi jerge çığıw — coming out in second place
- sport erişiwlede birinçi jer — first place in sports competitions
- tıyınşlı jer — a fitting place
- birinçi jerni köb kere alğandı — he has often taken first place
9. seat — Used of a seat allotted to someone in a hall, a theater or a bus.
- har kim jerine olturdu — everyone sat down in their seat
- avtobusçuqda boş jerle bar edile — there were vacant seats in the little bus
- menŋe da bir jer qoyuğuz — keep a seat for me too
- ol qartha kesini jerin berdi — he gave the old man his own seat
- boş jerle bar edile — there were vacant seats
10. spot, area, part — Used of one particular spot on the body or on a thing, such as a sore or a torn one.
- Mustafir könçegini jırtılğan jerin jabdı — Mustafir covered the torn part of his trousers
- awruğan jerin barmağı bla körgüztdü — he pointed out the sore spot with his finger
- kölegini küygen jeri ulludu — the burnt patch on his shirt is big
11. job, position, vacancy — Used of a post someone holds and of a free place on a staff or a course.
- busağatdağı jerin qoydu — he left his present position
- jer bolmağanı sebebli — because there was no vacancy
- universitetde jer joq edi — there was no vacancy at the university
- bizni şkolğa beş jer berdi — gave our school five places
12. floor
- jerni sibirirge — to sweep the floor
- jer juwulmağandı — the floor has not been washed
- jerge suw bürkerge — to sprinkle water on the floor
- senŋe jerde orun salayım — let me make you a bed on the floor
13. saddle — Same as ier. Listed as a separate homonym in the dictionaries.
- atha jer sal — put the saddle on the horse
- jaş atha jer saldı — the young man put the saddle on the horse
- jer bashannı at biledi — the horse knows the weight of the saddle
- jerni alırğa — to take the saddle off
14. aspect, circumstance — Used of one particular side or aspect of a matter.
- işde ullu mağanalı jer — an important aspect of the work
- bu zatnı qıyın jeri bardı — this matter has a difficult aspect
- anı sözünde tüz jerle bardıla — there are correct points in his words
15. point — Used for a point in geometry, such as where two lines meet.
- sızlanı tübegen jeri — the point where the lines meet
- eki sıznı tübegen jerin belgilegiz — mark the point where the two lines meet
- bu jerden tüz sız ötedi — a straight line passes through this point
16. the Earth — Before another noun it means of the earth, terrestrial, and is written lowercase (jer şar the globe), as is jer jüzü "the whole world".
- Jer künnü tögeregine aylanadı — the Earth revolves around the Sun
- Jerni sputnigi — the satellite of the Earth
Expressions
- bolğanım ne jerimdi — what good is it
- burunu bla jer sızıb — with great toil
- el basar jer — not the least bit
- jathan jeri keŋ bolsun — rest in peace
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | jerthe earth | jerimmy earth | jeriŋyour earth | jerihis earth | jeribizour earth | jerigizyou all's earth | jerleritheir earths |
| Genitive | jernithe earth's | jerimimy earth's | jeriŋiyour earth's | jerinihis earth's | jeribizniour earth's | jerigizniyou all's earth's | jerlerinitheir earths' |
| Accusative | jernithe earth (as the object) | jerimimy earth (as the object) | jeriŋiyour earth (as the object) | jerinhis earth (as the object) | jeribizniour earth (as the object) | jerigizniyou all's earth (as the object) | jerlerintheir earths (as the object) |
| Dative | jergeto the earth | jerimeto my earth | jeriŋeto your earth | jerineto his earth | jeribizgeto our earth | jerigizgeto you all's earth | jerlerineto their earths |
| Locative | jerdein / at the earth | jerimdein / at my earth | jeriŋdein / at your earth | jerindein / at his earth | jeribizdein / at our earth | jerigizdein / at you all's earth | jerlerindein / at their earths |
| Ablative | jerdenfrom the earth | jerimdenfrom my earth | jeriŋdenfrom your earth | jerindenfrom his earth | jeribizdenfrom our earth | jerigizdenfrom you all's earth | jerlerindenfrom their earths |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | jerlethe earths | jerlerimmy earths | jerleriŋyour earths | jerlerihis earths | jerleribizour earths | jerlerigizyou all's earths | jerleritheir earths |
| Genitive | jerlenithe earths' | jerlerimimy earths' | jerleriŋiyour earths' | jerlerinihis earths' | jerleribizniour earths' | jerlerigizniyou all's earths' | jerlerinitheir earths' |
| Accusative | jerlenithe earths (as the object) | jerlerimimy earths (as the object) | jerleriŋiyour earths (as the object) | jerlerinhis earths (as the object) | jerleribizniour earths (as the object) | jerlerigizniyou all's earths (as the object) | jerlerintheir earths (as the object) |
| Dative | jerlegeto the earths | jerlerimeto my earths | jerleriŋeto your earths | jerlerineto his earths | jerleribizgeto our earths | jerlerigizgeto you all's earths | jerlerineto their earths |
| Locative | jerledein / at the earths | jerlerimdein / at my earths | jerleriŋdein / at your earths | jerlerindein / at his earths | jerleribizdein / at our earths | jerlerigizdein / at you all's earths | jerlerindein / at their earths |
| Ablative | jerledenfrom the earths | jerlerimdenfrom my earths | jerleriŋdenfrom your earths | jerlerindenfrom his earths | jerleribizdenfrom our earths | jerlerigizdenfrom you all's earths | jerlerindenfrom their earths |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: jerleri can mean "his / her earths", "their earth", or "their earths" — context decides.
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | Jerthe Earth | Jerimmy Earth | Jeriŋyour Earth | Jerihis Earth | Jeribizour Earth | Jerigizyou all's Earth | Jerleritheir Earths |
| Genitive | Jernithe Earth's | Jerimimy Earth's | Jeriŋiyour Earth's | Jerinihis Earth's | Jeribizniour Earth's | Jerigizniyou all's Earth's | Jerlerinitheir Earths' |
| Accusative | Jernithe Earth (as the object) | Jerimimy Earth (as the object) | Jeriŋiyour Earth (as the object) | Jerinhis Earth (as the object) | Jeribizniour Earth (as the object) | Jerigizniyou all's Earth (as the object) | Jerlerintheir Earths (as the object) |
| Dative | Jergeto the Earth | Jerimeto my Earth | Jeriŋeto your Earth | Jerineto his Earth | Jeribizgeto our Earth | Jerigizgeto you all's Earth | Jerlerineto their Earths |
| Locative | Jerdein / at the Earth | Jerimdein / at my Earth | Jeriŋdein / at your Earth | Jerindein / at his Earth | Jeribizdein / at our Earth | Jerigizdein / at you all's Earth | Jerlerindein / at their Earths |
| Ablative | Jerdenfrom the Earth | Jerimdenfrom my Earth | Jeriŋdenfrom your Earth | Jerindenfrom his Earth | Jeribizdenfrom our Earth | Jerigizdenfrom you all's Earth | Jerlerindenfrom their Earths |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | Jerlethe Earths | Jerlerimmy Earths | Jerleriŋyour Earths | Jerlerihis Earths | Jerleribizour Earths | Jerlerigizyou all's Earths | Jerleritheir Earths |
| Genitive | Jerlenithe Earths' | Jerlerimimy Earths' | Jerleriŋiyour Earths' | Jerlerinihis Earths' | Jerleribizniour Earths' | Jerlerigizniyou all's Earths' | Jerlerinitheir Earths' |
| Accusative | Jerlenithe Earths (as the object) | Jerlerimimy Earths (as the object) | Jerleriŋiyour Earths (as the object) | Jerlerinhis Earths (as the object) | Jerleribizniour Earths (as the object) | Jerlerigizniyou all's Earths (as the object) | Jerlerintheir Earths (as the object) |
| Dative | Jerlegeto the Earths | Jerlerimeto my Earths | Jerleriŋeto your Earths | Jerlerineto his Earths | Jerleribizgeto our Earths | Jerlerigizgeto you all's Earths | Jerlerineto their Earths |
| Locative | Jerledein / at the Earths | Jerlerimdein / at my Earths | Jerleriŋdein / at your Earths | Jerlerindein / at his Earths | Jerleribizdein / at our Earths | Jerlerigizdein / at you all's Earths | Jerlerindein / at their Earths |
| Ablative | Jerledenfrom the Earths | Jerlerimdenfrom my Earths | Jerleriŋdenfrom your Earths | Jerlerindenfrom his Earths | Jerleribizdenfrom our Earths | Jerlerigizdenfrom you all's Earths | Jerlerindenfrom their Earths |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: Jerleri can mean "his / her Earths", "their Earth", or "their Earths" — context decides.
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.