Pronouns

The form you look up in a dictionary. It does the action of the sentence, and it is the form the to-be endings attach to.

• the doer of the sentence
  men barama — I am going
• with to-be endings
  sen qaydasa? — where are you?

ol and ala also mean "that" and "those" — the same words point at people and at things.

Two jobs, one form. It marks the owner (meni üyüm — my house) and it marks whoever the action lands on (ol meni köredi — he sees me). Many Turkic languages use two different endings for these; in Karachay-Balkar they look the same.

• the owner
  meni üyüm — my house
• the direct object
  ol meni köredi — he sees me
• object in the plural
  biz alanı horladıq — we defeated them

Nouns only take this ending when the object is a specific, known one; pronouns always take it.

Direction and recipients — where something goes, or who it is given to. The first and second singular datives are written menŋe and senŋe; their other recorded spellings show on those words' own pages.

• giving
  menŋe ber! — give it to me!
• going to someone
  biz sizge barabız — we are coming to your place

Going "to someone" usually means to their home — sizge barabız is how you announce a visit.

Where something is. With people it usually means "on me" or "at my place" — which is also how you say having something: mende bar, literally "it exists at me".

• having something
  mende bar — I have it (it is at me)
• asking who has it
  sende barmı? — do you have it?

anda on its own simply means "there".

Where something comes from — and it also does the work of "than" in comparisons.

• a starting point
  andan sora — after that
• comparing
  ol menden ulludu — he is bigger than me

andan also means "from there".

-ça on the owner form says "like" or "the way someone does": meniça — like me. The third person plural takes it on the plain form, alaça, not on alanı.

• comparing people
  meniça adamla köbdüle — there are many people like me
• in someone's place
  seniça bolsam, barır edim — if I were you, I would go

anıça and alaça also mean "like that" and "like those".

Before bla "with", men, sen, biz, siz, ol and bu take their owner form: meni bla "with me", anı bla "with him". ala and bıla stay plain: ala bla "with them". The forms in the table are built by this rule; üçün and kibik follow it too.

• together with someone
  Kolya meni bla bolur. — Kolya will be with me.
• they stay plain
  Qatın ala bla birge tebregen edi. — The woman had set off together with them.
• by means of this
  Men munu bla boşayma. — With this I finish.

With the plain form, bla is the other bla, "and": sen bla men "you and I". So men bla, sen bla do occur, but they mean "I and …", "you and …", not "with me".

üçün "for" takes the same forms as bla: meni üçün "for me", seni üçün "for you", but ala üçün "for them".

• for someone's sake
  Men seni üçün barmayma. — I'm not going for your sake.
• they stay plain
  Jaŋız ala üçün qayıtıb kelirme. — I will come back only for them.

anı üçün is also a word of its own, "that is why, therefore".

kibik "like" takes the same forms again: meni kibik "like me", anı kibik "like him, like that", but ala kibik "like them". It says the same as the -ça forms in the Like row above (meniça), as a separate word.

• comparing people
  Oy, meni kibik da kim bolur? — Oh, who could there be like me?
• they stay plain
  Men da keterme, ala kibik. — I too will leave, like them.

Add -ki to the owner form and the owner can stand alone: meniki — mine. The ending follows the vowel family, so it is -ki after the front forms but -qı after the back ones: meniki, but anıqı.

• claiming things
  bu üy menikidi — this house is mine
• the sweet nothing
  men seniki, sen meniki — I am yours, you are mine

The -di on menikidi is the same "is" ending the to-be forms use — mine-it-is.