Pronouns

The form you look up in a dictionary. It does the action of the sentence, and it is the form the to-be endings attach to.

• the doer of the sentence
  men barama — I am going
• with to-be endings
  sen kaydasa? — where are you?

ol and ala also mean "that" and "those" — the same words point at people and at things.

Two jobs, one form. It marks the owner (meni üyüm — my house) and it marks whoever the action lands on (ol meni köredi — he sees me). Many Turkic languages use two different endings for these; in Karachay-Balkar they look the same.

• the owner
  meni üyüm — my house
• the direct object
  ol meni köredi — he sees me
• object in the plural
  biz alanı horladık — we defeated them

Nouns only take this ending when the object is a specific, known one; pronouns always take it.

Add -ki to the owner form and the owner can stand alone: meniki — mine. The ending follows the vowel family, so it is -ki after the front forms but -qı after the back ones: meniki, but anıqı.

• claiming things
  bu üy menikidi — this house is mine
• the sweet nothing
  men seniki, sen meniki — I am yours, you are mine

The -di on menikidi is the same "is" ending the to-be forms use — mine-it-is.

Direction and recipients — where something goes, or who it is given to. The three singulars are irregular little words, not the regular -ge ending. Both spoken forms are given: meñe and señe are what you will usually hear; maña and saña are the older forms, still written and still understood.

• giving
  menge ber! — give it to me!
• going to someone
  biz sizge barabız — we are coming to your place

Going "to someone" usually means to their home — sizge barabız is how you announce a visit.

Where something is. With people it usually means "on me" or "at my place" — which is also how you say having something: mende bar, literally "it exists at me".

• having something
  mende bar — I have it (it is at me)
• asking who has it
  sende barmı? — do you have it?

anda on its own simply means "there".

Where something comes from — and it also does the work of "than" in comparisons.

• a starting point
  andan sora — after that
• comparing
  ol menden ulludu — he is bigger than me

andan also means "from there".