duniya
/dunija/ · plural duniyala
1. world, earth, universe — Before another noun it means world, worldwide: birinçi duniya qazawat "the First World War".
- sawlay duniya — the whole world
- sawlay duniyada — in the whole world
- kün duniyanı jarıtadı — the sun lights up the world
- adamla duniyanı üsünde jaşaydıla — people live on the earth
- sawlay duniyada mamırlıq bolsun — let there be peace in the whole world
- bütew duniyanı istoriyası — the history of the whole world
- duniyanı başı — the whole world
- duniya quralğanlı köb zaman ozğandı — much time has passed since the world was made
2. life, this earthly life
- meni duniyam qaraŋı bolğandı — my life has become dark
- duniyamı aman bla aşırdım — I have lived my life badly
- appanı duniyası aman bla ketgendi — grandfather's life went badly
- bu duniyanı qayğılarından arığandı — has grown weary of the cares of this life
- duniyadan keterge — to depart this life
3. everyone, all the people
- duniyanı ozarğa — to outstrip everyone
- duniya anı biledi — everyone knows him
- duniyanı qıl elek bla süzerge — to gossip about everyone
4. crowd, throng, a great many people
- ol kün duniya alayda edi — a crowd was there that day
- ol toyğa duniya jıyılğan edi — a crowd had gathered for that wedding
- toyğa bügün duniya jıyılğandı — a great crowd has gathered for the wedding today
- elde duniya jıyılğan edi — a crowd had gathered in the village
- duniya jıyılsa da — even if a crowd gathers
5. social order, social system
- jaŋı duniya — a new world
- biyle duniyasında — in the society of lords
- kapitalist duniyada — in the capitalist world
- eski duniya ızına qaytmaz — the old order will not come back
- jaŋı duniya adamlağa erkinlik bergendi — the new order gave people freedom
6. realm, sphere, domain
- adamnı içgi duniyası mardasız keŋdi — a person's inner world is boundlessly wide
- janıwarlanı duniyasını üsünden — about the animal realm
- qanatlılanı duniyasın igi biledi — he knows the world of birds well
- sabiyni duniyası ulluladan başhadı — a child's world is different from that of grown-ups
- adamnı içgi duniyası — a person's inner world
7. state, condition, circumstances — Nearly always carries a possessive suffix, naming whose condition is meant.
- ne duniyağa jetdirgense sen munu?! — what condition have you brought her to?!
- seni duniyaŋ qalaydı bügün? — how are your circumstances today?
- jaşnı duniyası igi bolğandı — the young man's condition has improved
Expressions
- arğı duniya — the afterlife
- arğı duniyağa barıb qaytırğa — survive grave illness
- bara barğan duniyada — sooner or later
- başha duniya — the afterlife
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | duniyathe world | duniyammy world | duniyaŋyour world | duniyasıhis world | duniyabızour world | duniyağızyou all's world | duniyalarıtheir worlds |
| Genitive | duniyanıthe world's | duniyamımy world's | duniyaŋıyour world's | duniyasınıhis world's | duniyabıznıour world's | duniyağıznıyou all's world's | duniyalarınıtheir worlds' |
| Accusative | duniyanıthe world (as the object) | duniyamımy world (as the object) | duniyaŋıyour world (as the object) | duniyasınhis world (as the object) | duniyabıznıour world (as the object) | duniyağıznıyou all's world (as the object) | duniyalarıntheir worlds (as the object) |
| Dative | duniyağato the world | duniyamato my world | duniyaŋato your world | duniyasınato his world | duniyabızğato our world | duniyağızğato you all's world | duniyalarınato their worlds |
| Locative | duniyadain / at the world | duniyamdain / at my world | duniyaŋdain / at your world | duniyasındain / at his world | duniyabızdain / at our world | duniyağızdain / at you all's world | duniyalarındain / at their worlds |
| Ablative | duniyadanfrom the world | duniyamdanfrom my world | duniyaŋdanfrom your world | duniyasındanfrom his world | duniyabızdanfrom our world | duniyağızdanfrom you all's world | duniyalarındanfrom their worlds |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | duniyalathe worlds | duniyalarımmy worlds | duniyalarıŋyour worlds | duniyalarıhis worlds | duniyalarıbızour worlds | duniyalarığızyou all's worlds | duniyalarıtheir worlds |
| Genitive | duniyalanıthe worlds' | duniyalarımımy worlds' | duniyalarıŋıyour worlds' | duniyalarınıhis worlds' | duniyalarıbıznıour worlds' | duniyalarığıznıyou all's worlds' | duniyalarınıtheir worlds' |
| Accusative | duniyalanıthe worlds (as the object) | duniyalarımımy worlds (as the object) | duniyalarıŋıyour worlds (as the object) | duniyalarınhis worlds (as the object) | duniyalarıbıznıour worlds (as the object) | duniyalarığıznıyou all's worlds (as the object) | duniyalarıntheir worlds (as the object) |
| Dative | duniyalağato the worlds | duniyalarımato my worlds | duniyalarıŋato your worlds | duniyalarınato his worlds | duniyalarıbızğato our worlds | duniyalarığızğato you all's worlds | duniyalarınato their worlds |
| Locative | duniyaladain / at the worlds | duniyalarımdain / at my worlds | duniyalarıŋdain / at your worlds | duniyalarındain / at his worlds | duniyalarıbızdain / at our worlds | duniyalarığızdain / at you all's worlds | duniyalarındain / at their worlds |
| Ablative | duniyaladanfrom the worlds | duniyalarımdanfrom my worlds | duniyalarıŋdanfrom your worlds | duniyalarındanfrom his worlds | duniyalarıbızdanfrom our worlds | duniyalarığızdanfrom you all's worlds | duniyalarındanfrom their worlds |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: duniyaları can mean "his / her worlds", "their world", or "their worlds" — context decides.
Whose it is
| Case | one thing, one owner | several things, one owner | one thing, several owners | several things, several owners |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | duniyanıqıthe world's one | duniyanıqılathe world's ones | duniyalanıqıthe worlds' one | duniyalanıqılathe worlds' ones |
| Genitive | duniyanıqınıof the world's one | duniyanıqılanıof the world's ones | duniyalanıqınıof the worlds' one | duniyalanıqılanıof the worlds' ones |
| Accusative | duniyanıqınthe world's one (as the object) | duniyanıqılanıthe world's ones (as the object) | duniyalanıqınthe worlds' one (as the object) | duniyalanıqılanıthe worlds' ones (as the object) |
| Dative | duniyanıqınato the world's one | duniyanıqılağato the world's ones | duniyalanıqınato the worlds' one | duniyalanıqılağato the worlds' ones |
| Locative | duniyanıqındain / at the world's one | duniyanıqıladain / at the world's ones | duniyalanıqındain / at the worlds' one | duniyalanıqıladain / at the worlds' ones |
| Ablative | duniyanıqındanfrom the world's one | duniyanıqıladanfrom the world's ones | duniyalanıqındanfrom the worlds' one | duniyalanıqıladanfrom the worlds' ones |
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.