topuraq
/topuraq/ · plural topuraqla
1. earth, soil, ground
- qara topuraq — black earth
- bılayını topurağı igidi — the soil here is good
- tuzlu topuraq — salty soil
- qabır topuraq — grave earth
- barıbız da topuraq bolluqbuz — we shall all become dust
- seni topuraq aşasın — may the earth take you
2. clay — Before another noun it means made of clay or earth: topuraq üy an adobe house.
- aq topuraq — white clay
- saz topuraq — yellow clay
- topuraq üy — a house of beaten clay
- topuraqdan eterge — to mold out of clay
- topuraqdan köb oyunçaq eterge — to make many toys out of clay
- topuraq basarğa — to knead clay
- topuraq jumuşağandı — the clay has gotten softer
Expressions
- atasını topurağın saqlarğa — stay on ancestral land
- musliman topuraq — Muslim lands
- topurağın saqlarğa — keep the ancestral home
- topuraq ülüş — grave
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | topuraqthe earth | topurağımmy earth | topurağıŋyour earth | topurağıhis earth | topurağıbızour earth | topurağığızyou all's earth | topuraqlarıtheir earths |
| Genitive | topuraqnıthe earth's | topurağımımy earth's | topurağıŋıyour earth's | topurağınıhis earth's | topurağıbıznıour earth's | topurağığıznıyou all's earth's | topuraqlarınıtheir earths' |
| Accusative | topuraqnıthe earth (as the object) | topurağımımy earth (as the object) | topurağıŋıyour earth (as the object) | topurağınhis earth (as the object) | topurağıbıznıour earth (as the object) | topurağığıznıyou all's earth (as the object) | topuraqlarıntheir earths (as the object) |
| Dative | topuraqğato the earth | topurağımato my earth | topurağıŋato your earth | topurağınato his earth | topurağıbızğato our earth | topurağığızğato you all's earth | topuraqlarınato their earths |
| Locative | topuraqdain / at the earth | topurağımdain / at my earth | topurağıŋdain / at your earth | topurağındain / at his earth | topurağıbızdain / at our earth | topurağığızdain / at you all's earth | topuraqlarındain / at their earths |
| Ablative | topuraqdanfrom the earth | topurağımdanfrom my earth | topurağıŋdanfrom your earth | topurağındanfrom his earth | topurağıbızdanfrom our earth | topurağığızdanfrom you all's earth | topuraqlarındanfrom their earths |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | topuraqlathe earths | topuraqlarımmy earths | topuraqlarıŋyour earths | topuraqlarıhis earths | topuraqlarıbızour earths | topuraqlarığızyou all's earths | topuraqlarıtheir earths |
| Genitive | topuraqlanıthe earths' | topuraqlarımımy earths' | topuraqlarıŋıyour earths' | topuraqlarınıhis earths' | topuraqlarıbıznıour earths' | topuraqlarığıznıyou all's earths' | topuraqlarınıtheir earths' |
| Accusative | topuraqlanıthe earths (as the object) | topuraqlarımımy earths (as the object) | topuraqlarıŋıyour earths (as the object) | topuraqlarınhis earths (as the object) | topuraqlarıbıznıour earths (as the object) | topuraqlarığıznıyou all's earths (as the object) | topuraqlarıntheir earths (as the object) |
| Dative | topuraqlağato the earths | topuraqlarımato my earths | topuraqlarıŋato your earths | topuraqlarınato his earths | topuraqlarıbızğato our earths | topuraqlarığızğato you all's earths | topuraqlarınato their earths |
| Locative | topuraqladain / at the earths | topuraqlarımdain / at my earths | topuraqlarıŋdain / at your earths | topuraqlarındain / at his earths | topuraqlarıbızdain / at our earths | topuraqlarığızdain / at you all's earths | topuraqlarındain / at their earths |
| Ablative | topuraqladanfrom the earths | topuraqlarımdanfrom my earths | topuraqlarıŋdanfrom your earths | topuraqlarındanfrom his earths | topuraqlarıbızdanfrom our earths | topuraqlarığızdanfrom you all's earths | topuraqlarındanfrom their earths |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: topuraqları can mean "his / her earths", "their earth", or "their earths" — context decides.
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.