aytırğa
/ajtɯrʁa/
1. say, speak, tell
- menŋe ayt! — tell me!
- ol senŋe ne aytdı? — what did he say to you?
- men senŋe aytama — I am telling you
- bileme aytırıŋı — I know what you will say
- açıq aytsaq — if we speak frankly
- aytıb boşamağa qoyuğuz! — let me finish speaking!
- aytırıŋı aytırğa — to say your say, to speak your mind
- aytırğa unamazğa — to refuse to speak
2. report, let someone know, give warning
- eldegilege aytırğa — to let the villagers know
- ol haparnı kişige aytma — do not tell that news to anyone
- aŋa aytdıq — we let him know
- aman haparnı aytıwçu bolma — do not be one who carries bad news
- hapar aytırğa — to tell the news
3. tell a story, narrate
- tawruh aytırğa — to tell a tale
- ustaz sabiylege tawruh aytadı — the teacher tells the children a story
- qartla eski tawruhla aytıwçu edile — the old people used to tell old tales
- sen menŋe tawruhnu ahırın aytmadıŋ — you did not tell me the end of the tale
- batırlanı üslerinden jomaq ayta turğandı — she kept telling a tale about the heroes
4. sing a song — Used with jır 'song'. The same sources also use it for reciting a poem (nazmu aytırğa).
- jır aytırğa — to sing a song
- anam ariw jırla aytıwçu edi — my mother used to sing beautiful songs
- qarnaşım toyda eski jır aytdı — my brother sang an old song at the wedding
- siz bizge bir jır aytırıqmısız? — will you sing us a song?
- nazmu ayt — recite a poem
5. name or identify someone or something
- atıŋı aytırğa — to give your name
- bek alğa Üsüpnü atın aytdıla — first of all they named Yusup
- meni aytmay kimni aytırıqdıla? — who would they name if not me?
- alanı içinde seni aytırğa bolluqdu — you may be named among them
6. promise — Used with an infinitive: berirge aythandı 'he promised to give it'.
- berirge aythandı — he promised to give it
- tölerge aytadı — he promises to pay
- eterge aythansa — you promised to do it
- janına tiymezge aytdıla — they promised not to harm him
- atam menŋe kitab alırğa aythandı — my father promised to buy me a book
7. set out, state, expound
- qıshası bla aytırğa — to set it out briefly
- çığarmanı mağanasın aytırğa — to set out the sense of the work
- nazmuda aytırğa — to express it in verse
8. pronounce, utter
- bu söznü aytalmayma — I cannot pronounce this word
- sözleni halatsız ayt — pronounce the words without mistakes
- söznü tüz aytırğa — to pronounce the word correctly
- jaşçıq İŋiliz sözleni halatsız aytadı — the little boy pronounces English words without mistakes
- tawuşlanı ullu awaz bla ayt — pronounce the sounds in a loud voice
- atın aytalmadı — he could not get the name out
9. give someone away, inform on someone
- urlağannı aytırğa — to give the thief away
- urlağannı aytmadıq — we did not give the thief away
- kişini aytmazğa — not to inform on anyone
10. agree, arrange (to do something together) — Used with an infinitive: biz bılayda tübeşirge aythan edik 'we had agreed to meet here'. one source
- biz bılayda tübeşirge aythan edik — we had agreed to meet here
- birge barırğa aythan edik — we had agreed to go together
11. by the way, incidentally — Used as a parenthetical word, usually at the start of the sentence.
- aytırğa, men anı tünene körgenme — by the way, I saw him yesterday
- aytırğa, siz anda qaçan bolğansız? — by the way, when were you there?
- aytırğa, ol iş bıltır boşalğandı — by the way, that work was finished last year
12. for example — Used as a parenthetical word.
- aytırğa, alma bla kertme — for example, apples and pears
- ol, aytırğa, Türk tilni biledi — he knows, for example, Turkish
- aytırğa, bügün da kelmegendi — for example, today too he has not come
13. generally speaking — Used as a parenthetical word, usually at the start of the sentence. one source
- aytırğa, siz tüzsüz — generally speaking, you are right
- aytırğa, bıyıl qış jılı bolğandı — generally speaking, the winter was warm this year
- aytırğa, anı har kim etalmaydı — generally speaking, not everyone can do it
14. approximately, roughly — Used as a parenthetical word.
- aytırğa, tonna bolluqdu — roughly, it will be a ton
- aytırğa, eki kün barlıqdı — roughly, it will take two days
- aytırğa, üç sağat jol bardı — roughly, there are three hours of road
- mında, aytırğa, jüz adam jıyılğandı — roughly a hundred people have gathered here
Expressions
- anı aythanım — what I mean is
- aythanı aythan bolğan — true to one's word
- aythanı eki bolurğa — word disobeyed
- aythanın eki etmezge — keep one's word
Conjugation
Common forms
- aytadıhe is saying
- aytdıhe said
- aythandıhe has said
- aytırhe will say
- aytırıqdıhe is going to say
- ayta edihe was saying
- aytsaif he says
- ayt!say!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menaytamaI am saying | senaytasayou are saying | olaytadıhe is saying | bizaytabızwe are saying | sizaytasızyou all are saying | alaaytadılathey are saying |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menaytmaymaI am not saying | senaytmaysayou are not saying | olaytmaydıhe is not saying | bizaytmaybızwe are not saying | sizaytmaysızyou all are not saying | alaaytmaydılathey are not saying |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menaytamamı? aytamıma?am I saying? | senaytamısa?are you saying? | olaytamıdı?is he saying? | bizaytabızmı? aytamıbız?are we saying? | sizaytamısız?are you all saying? | alaaytamıdıla?are they saying? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menaytmaymamı? aytmaymıma?aren't I saying? | senaytmaymısa?aren't you saying? | olaytmaymıdı?isn't he saying? | bizaytmaybızmı? aytmaymıbız?aren't we saying? | sizaytmaymısız?aren't you all saying? | alaaytmaymıdıla?aren't they saying? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menaytıwçanmaI usually say | senaytıwçansayou usually say | olaytıwçandıhe usually says | bizaytıwçanbızwe usually say | sizaytıwçansızyou all usually say | alaaytıwçandılathey usually say |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menaytmawçanmaI usually don't say | senaytmawçansayou usually don't say | olaytmawçandıhe usually doesn't say | bizaytmawçanbızwe usually don't say | sizaytmawçansızyou all usually don't say | alaaytmawçandılathey usually don't say |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menaytıwçanmamı? aytıwçanmıma?do I usually say? | senaytıwçanmısa?do you usually say? | olaytıwçanmıdı?does he usually say? | bizaytıwçanbızmı? aytıwçanmıbız?do we usually say? | sizaytıwçanmısız?do you all usually say? | alaaytıwçanmıdıla?do they usually say? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menaytmawçanmamı? aytmawçanmıma?do I usually not say? | senaytmawçanmısa?do you usually not say? | olaytmawçanmıdı?does he usually not say? | bizaytmawçanbızmı? aytmawçanmıbız?do we usually not say? | sizaytmawçanmısız?do you all usually not say? | alaaytmawçanmıdıla?do they usually not say? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olaytıbdıhe has said and remains so | alaaytıbdılathey have said and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olaytıbmıdı?has he said? | alaaytıbmıdıla?have they said? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menaytıb turamaI keep saying | senaytıb turasayou keep saying | olaytıb turadıhe keeps saying | bizaytıb turabızwe keep saying | sizaytıb turasızyou all keep saying | alaaytıb turadılathey keep saying |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menaytıb turmaymaI don't keep saying | senaytıb turmaysayou don't keep saying | olaytıb turmaydıhe doesn't keep saying | bizaytıb turmaybızwe don't keep saying | sizaytıb turmaysızyou all don't keep saying | alaaytıb turmaydılathey don't keep saying |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menaytıb turamamı? aytıb turamıma?do I keep saying? | senaytıb turamısa?do you keep saying? | olaytıb turamıdı?does he keep saying? | bizaytıb turabızmı? aytıb turamıbız?do we keep saying? | sizaytıb turamısız?do you all keep saying? | alaaytıb turamıdıla?do they keep saying? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menaytıb turmaymamı? aytıb turmaymıma?don't I keep saying? | senaytıb turmaymısa?don't you keep saying? | olaytıb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep saying? | bizaytıb turmaybızmı? aytıb turmaymıbız?don't we keep saying? | sizaytıb turmaymısız?don't you all keep saying? | alaaytıb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep saying? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menayta turamaI am in the middle of saying | senayta turasayou are in the middle of saying | olayta turadıhe is in the middle of saying | bizayta turabızwe are in the middle of saying | sizayta turasızyou all are in the middle of saying | alaayta turadılathey are in the middle of saying |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menayta turmaymaI am not in the middle of saying | senayta turmaysayou are not in the middle of saying | olayta turmaydıhe is not in the middle of saying | bizayta turmaybızwe are not in the middle of saying | sizayta turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of saying | alaayta turmaydılathey are not in the middle of saying |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menayta turamamı? ayta turamıma?am I in the middle of saying? | senayta turamısa?are you in the middle of saying? | olayta turamıdı?is he in the middle of saying? | bizayta turabızmı? ayta turamıbız?are we in the middle of saying? | sizayta turamısız?are you all in the middle of saying? | alaayta turamıdıla?are they in the middle of saying? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menayta turmaymamı? ayta turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of saying? | senayta turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of saying? | olayta turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of saying? | bizayta turmaybızmı? ayta turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of saying? | sizayta turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of saying? | alaayta turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of saying? |
| Simple past (definite) | menaytdımI said | senaytdıŋyou said | olaytdıhe said | bizaytdıqwe said | sizaytdığızyou all said | alaaytdılathey said |
| Simple past (definite) | menaytmadımI didn't say | senaytmadıŋyou didn't say | olaytmadıhe didn't say | bizaytmadıqwe didn't say | sizaytmadığızyou all didn't say | alaaytmadılathey didn't say |
| Simple past (definite) | menaytdımmı?did I say? | senaytdıŋmı?did you say? | olaytdımı?did he say? | bizaytdıqmı?did we say? | sizaytdığızmı?did you all say? | alaaytdılamı?did they say? |
| Simple past (definite) | menaytmadımmı?didn't I say? | senaytmadıŋmı?didn't you say? | olaytmadımı?didn't he say? | bizaytmadıqmı?didn't we say? | sizaytmadığızmı?didn't you all say? | alaaytmadılamı?didn't they say? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menaythanmaI have said | senaythansayou have said | olaythandıhe has said | bizaythanbızwe have said | sizaythansızyou all have said | alaaythandılathey have said |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menaytmağanmaI haven't said | senaytmağansayou haven't said | olaytmağandıhe hasn't said | bizaytmağanbızwe haven't said | sizaytmağansızyou all haven't said | alaaytmağandılathey haven't said |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menaythanmamı? aythanmıma?have I said? | senaythanmısa?have you said? | olaythanmıdı?has he said? | bizaythanbızmı? aythanmıbız?have we said? | sizaythanmısız?have you all said? | alaaythanmıdıla?have they said? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menaytmağanmamı? aytmağanmıma?haven't I said? | senaytmağanmısa?haven't you said? | olaytmağanmıdı?hasn't he said? | bizaytmağanbızmı? aytmağanmıbız?haven't we said? | sizaytmağanmısız?haven't you all said? | alaaytmağanmıdıla?haven't they said? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menaytıb turdumI kept saying | senaytıb turduŋyou kept saying | olaytıb turduhe kept saying | bizaytıb turduqwe kept saying | sizaytıb turduğuzyou all kept saying | alaaytıb turdulathey kept saying |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menaytıb turmadımI didn't keep saying | senaytıb turmadıŋyou didn't keep saying | olaytıb turmadıhe didn't keep saying | bizaytıb turmadıqwe didn't keep saying | sizaytıb turmadığızyou all didn't keep saying | alaaytıb turmadılathey didn't keep saying |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menaytırmaI will say | senaytırsayou will say | olaytırhe will say | bizaytırbızwe will say | sizaytırsızyou all will say | alaaytırlathey will say |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menaytmazmaI won't say | senaytmazsayou won't say | olaytmazhe won't say | bizaytmazbızwe won't say | sizaytmazsızyou all won't say | alaaytmazlathey won't say |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menaytırmamı? aytırmıma?will I say? | senaytırmısa?will you say? | olaytırmı?will he say? | bizaytırbızmı? aytırmıbız?will we say? | sizaytırmısız?will you all say? | alaaytırlamı? aytırmıla?will they say? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menaytmazmamı? aytmazmıma?won't I say? | senaytmazmısa?won't you say? | olaytmazmı?won't he say? | bizaytmazbızmı? aytmazmıbız?won't we say? | sizaytmazmısız?won't you all say? | alaaytmazlamı? aytmazmıla?won't they say? |
| Definite future (future II) | menaytırıqmaI am going to say | senaytırıqsayou are going to say | olaytırıqdıhe is going to say | bizaytırıqbızwe are going to say | sizaytırıqsızyou all are going to say | alaaytırıqdılathey are going to say |
| Definite future (future II) | menaytırıq tülmeI am not going to say | senaytırıq tülseyou are not going to say | olaytırıq tüldühe is not going to say | bizaytırıq tülbüzwe are not going to say | sizaytırıq tülsüzyou all are not going to say | alaaytırıq tüldülethey are not going to say |
| Definite future (future II) | menaytırıqmamı? aytırıqmıma?am I going to say? | senaytırıqmısa?are you going to say? | olaytırıqmıdı?is he going to say? | bizaytırıqbızmı? aytırıqmıbız?are we going to say? | sizaytırıqmısız?are you all going to say? | alaaytırıqmıdıla?are they going to say? |
| Definite future (future II) | menaytırıq tülmüme?aren't I going to say? | senaytırıq tülmüse?aren't you going to say? | olaytırıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to say? | bizaytırıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to say? | sizaytırıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to say? | alaaytırıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to say? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menaythan edimaythanemI had said | senaythan ediŋaythaneŋyou had said | olaythan ediaythanedhe had said | bizaythan edikaythanekwe had said | sizaythan edigizaythanegizyou all had said | alaaythan edileaythanellethey had said |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menaytmağan edimaytmağanemI hadn't said | senaytmağan ediŋaytmağaneŋyou hadn't said | olaytmağan ediaytmağanedhe hadn't said | bizaytmağan edikaytmağanekwe hadn't said | sizaytmağan edigizaytmağanegizyou all hadn't said | alaaytmağan edileaytmağanellethey hadn't said |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menayta edimaytaemI was saying | senayta ediŋaytaeŋyou were saying | olayta ediaytaedhe was saying | bizayta edikaytaekwe were saying | sizayta edigizaytaegizyou all were saying | alaayta edileaytaellethey were saying |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menaytmay edimaytmayemI wasn't saying | senaytmay ediŋaytmayeŋyou weren't saying | olaytmay ediaytmayedhe wasn't saying | bizaytmay edikaytmayekwe weren't saying | sizaytmay edigizaytmayegizyou all weren't saying | alaaytmay edileaytmayellethey weren't saying |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menaytıwçan edimaytıwçanemI used to say | senaytıwçan ediŋaytıwçaneŋyou used to say | olaytıwçan ediaytıwçanedhe used to say | bizaytıwçan edikaytıwçanekwe used to say | sizaytıwçan edigizaytıwçanegizyou all used to say | alaaytıwçan edileaytıwçanellethey used to say |
| Habitual past (used to) | menaytmawçan edimaytmawçanemI didn't use to say | senaytmawçan ediŋaytmawçaneŋyou didn't use to say | olaytmawçan ediaytmawçanedhe didn't use to say | bizaytmawçan edikaytmawçanekwe didn't use to say | sizaytmawçan edigizaytmawçanegizyou all didn't use to say | alaaytmawçan edileaytmawçanellethey didn't use to say |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olaytıb edihe had said and remained so | alaaytıb edilethey had said and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olaytıb tül edihe hadn't said | alaaytıb tül edilethey hadn't said | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menaytıb tura edimaytıb turaemI had kept saying | senaytıb tura ediŋaytıb turaeŋyou had kept saying | olaytıb tura ediaytıb turaedhe had kept saying | bizaytıb tura edikaytıb turaekwe had kept saying | sizaytıb tura edigizaytıb turaegizyou all had kept saying | alaaytıb tura edileaytıb turaellethey had kept saying |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menaytıb turmay edimaytıb turmayemI hadn't kept saying | senaytıb turmay ediŋaytıb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept saying | olaytıb turmay ediaytıb turmayedhe hadn't kept saying | bizaytıb turmay edikaytıb turmayekwe hadn't kept saying | sizaytıb turmay edigizaytıb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept saying | alaaytıb turmay edileaytıb turmayellethey hadn't kept saying |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menayta tura edimayta turaemI was in the middle of saying | senayta tura ediŋayta turaeŋyou were in the middle of saying | olayta tura ediayta turaedhe was in the middle of saying | bizayta tura edikayta turaekwe were in the middle of saying | sizayta tura edigizayta turaegizyou all were in the middle of saying | alaayta tura edileayta turaellethey were in the middle of saying |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menayta turmay edimayta turmayemI wasn't in the middle of saying | senayta turmay ediŋayta turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of saying | olayta turmay ediayta turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of saying | bizayta turmay edikayta turmayekwe weren't in the middle of saying | sizayta turmay edigizayta turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of saying | alaayta turmay edileayta turmayellethey weren't in the middle of saying |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menaytır edimaytır emI would say | senaytır ediŋaytır eŋyou would say | olaytır ediaytır edhe would say | bizaytır edikaytır ekwe would say | sizaytır edigizaytır egizyou all would say | alaaytır edileaytır ellethey would say |
| Conditional result (would) | menaytmaz edimaytmaz emI wouldn't say | senaytmaz ediŋaytmaz eŋyou wouldn't say | olaytmaz ediaytmaz edhe wouldn't say | bizaytmaz edikaytmaz ekwe wouldn't say | sizaytmaz edigizaytmaz egizyou all wouldn't say | alaaytmaz edileaytmaz ellethey wouldn't say |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menaytırıq edimaytırıq emI would have said | senaytırıq ediŋaytırıq eŋyou would have said | olaytırıq ediaytırıq edhe would have said | bizaytırıq edikaytırıq ekwe would have said | sizaytırıq edigizaytırıq egizyou all would have said | alaaytırıq edileaytırıq ellethey would have said |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menaytırıq tül edimaytırıq tül emI wouldn't have said | senaytırıq tül ediŋaytırıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have said | olaytırıq tül ediaytırıq tül edhe wouldn't have said | bizaytırıq tül edikaytırıq tül ekwe wouldn't have said | sizaytırıq tül edigizaytırıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have said | alaaytırıq tül edileaytırıq tül ellethey wouldn't have said |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menaytsamif I say | senaytsaŋif you say | olaytsaif he says | bizaytsaqif we say | sizaytsağızif you all say | alaaytsalaif they say |
| Conditional | menaytmasamif I don't say | senaytmasaŋif you don't say | olaytmasaif he doesn't say | bizaytmasaqif we don't say | sizaytmasağızif you all don't say | alaaytmasalaif they don't say |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menayta esemif I am saying | senayta eseŋif you are saying | olayta eseif he is saying | bizayta esekif we are saying | sizayta esegizif you all are saying | alaayta eseleif they are saying |
| Conditional, present real | menaytmay esemif I am not saying | senaytmay eseŋif you are not saying | olaytmay eseif he is not saying | bizaytmay esekif we are not saying | sizaytmay esegizif you all are not saying | alaaytmay eseleif they are not saying |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menaytsam ediaytsam edif only I said | senaytsaŋ ediaytsaŋ edif only you said | olaytsa ediaytsaedif only he said | bizaytsaq ediaytsaq edif only we said | sizaytsağız ediaytsağız edif only you all said | alaaytsala ediaytsalaedif only they said |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menaytmasam ediaytmasam edif only I didn't say | senaytmasaŋ ediaytmasaŋ edif only you didn't say | olaytmasa ediaytmasaedif only he didn't say | bizaytmasaq ediaytmasaq edif only we didn't say | sizaytmasağız ediaytmasağız edif only you all didn't say | alaaytmasala ediaytmasalaedif only they didn't say |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menaytıb tursamif I carry on saying | senaytıb tursaŋif you carry on saying | olaytıb tursaif he carries on saying | bizaytıb tursaqif we carry on saying | sizaytıb tursağızif you all carry on saying | alaaytıb tursalaif they carry on saying |
| Durative conditional | menaytıb turmasamif I don't carry on saying | senaytıb turmasaŋif you don't carry on saying | olaytıb turmasaif he doesn't carry on saying | bizaytıb turmasaqif we don't carry on saying | sizaytıb turmasağızif you all don't carry on saying | alaaytıb turmasalaif they don't carry on saying |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menaytıb tura esemif I have kept saying | senaytıb tura eseŋif you have kept saying | olaytıb tura eseif he has kept saying | bizaytıb tura esekif we have kept saying | sizaytıb tura esegizif you all have kept saying | alaaytıb tura eseleif they have kept saying |
| Durative conditional, present real | menaytıb turmay esemif I haven't kept saying | senaytıb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept saying | olaytıb turmay eseif he hasn't kept saying | bizaytıb turmay esekif we haven't kept saying | sizaytıb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept saying | alaaytıb turmay eseleif they haven't kept saying |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menayta tursamif I keep saying | senayta tursaŋif you keep saying | olayta tursaif he keeps saying | bizayta tursaqif we keep saying | sizayta tursağızif you all keep saying | alaayta tursalaif they keep saying |
| Progressive conditional | menaytmay tursamif I keep on not saying | senaytmay tursaŋif you keep on not saying | olaytmay tursaif he keeps on not saying | bizaytmay tursaqif we keep on not saying | sizaytmay tursağızif you all keep on not saying | alaaytmay tursalaif they keep on not saying |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menayta tura esemif I am in the middle of saying | senayta tura eseŋif you are in the middle of saying | olayta tura eseif he is in the middle of saying | bizayta tura esekif we are in the middle of saying | sizayta tura esegizif you all are in the middle of saying | alaayta tura eseleif they are in the middle of saying |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menaytmay tura esemif I keep on not saying | senaytmay tura eseŋif you keep on not saying | olaytmay tura eseif he keeps on not saying | bizaytmay tura esekif we keep on not saying | sizaytmay tura esegizif you all keep on not saying | alaaytmay tura eseleif they keep on not saying |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menaytdım esemif I said | senaytdıŋ eseŋif you said | olaytdı eseif he said | bizaytdıq esekif we said | sizaytdığız esegizif you all said | alaaytdıla eseleif they said |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menaytmadım esemif I didn't say | senaytmadıŋ eseŋif you didn't say | olaytmadı eseif he didn't say | bizaytmadıq esekif we didn't say | sizaytmadığız esegizif you all didn't say | alaaytmadıla eseleif they didn't say |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menaythan esemif I did say (indeed) | senaythan eseŋif you did say (indeed) | olaythan eseif he did say (indeed) | bizaythan esekif we did say (indeed) | sizaythan esegizif you all did say (indeed) | alaaythan eseleif they did say (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menaytmağan esemif I didn't say (indeed) | senaytmağan eseŋif you didn't say (indeed) | olaytmağan eseif he didn't say (indeed) | bizaytmağan esekif we didn't say (indeed) | sizaytmağan esegizif you all didn't say (indeed) | alaaytmağan eseleif they didn't say (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menaythan bolsamif I had said | senaythan bolsaŋif you had said | olaythan bolsaif he had said | bizaythan bolsaqif we had said | sizaythan bolsağızif you all had said | alaaythan bolsalaif they had said |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menaytmağan bolsamif I hadn't said | senaytmağan bolsaŋif you hadn't said | olaytmağan bolsaif he hadn't said | bizaytmağan bolsaqif we hadn't said | sizaytmağan bolsağızif you all hadn't said | alaaytmağan bolsalaif they hadn't said |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menaythan bolsam ediaythan bolsam edif only I had said | senaythan bolsaŋ ediaythan bolsaŋ edif only you had said | olaythan bolsa ediaythan bolsaedif only he had said | bizaythan bolsaq ediaythan bolsaq edif only we had said | sizaythan bolsağız ediaythan bolsağız edif only you all had said | alaaythan bolsala ediaythan bolsalaedif only they had said |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menaytmağan bolsam ediaytmağan bolsam edif only I hadn't said | senaytmağan bolsaŋ ediaytmağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't said | olaytmağan bolsa ediaytmağan bolsaedif only he hadn't said | bizaytmağan bolsaq ediaytmağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't said | sizaytmağan bolsağız ediaytmağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't said | alaaytmağan bolsala ediaytmağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't said |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menaytır esemif I will say | senaytır eseŋif you will say | olaytır eseif he will say | bizaytır esekif we will say | sizaytır esegizif you all will say | alaaytır eseleif they will say |
| Conditional, aorist | menaytmaz esemif I won't say | senaytmaz eseŋif you won't say | olaytmaz eseif he won't say | bizaytmaz esekif we won't say | sizaytmaz esegizif you all won't say | alaaytmaz eseleif they won't say |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menaytırıq esemif I am going to say | senaytırıq eseŋif you are going to say | olaytırıq eseif he is going to say | bizaytırıq esekif we are going to say | sizaytırıq esegizif you all are going to say | alaaytırıq eseleif they are going to say |
| Conditional, future | menaytırıq tül esemif I am not going to say | senaytırıq tül eseŋif you are not going to say | olaytırıq tül eseif he is not going to say | bizaytırıq tül esekif we are not going to say | sizaytırıq tül esegizif you all are not going to say | alaaytırıq tül eseleif they are not going to say |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menaytırıq bolsamif I were going to say | senaytırıq bolsaŋif you were going to say | olaytırıq bolsaif he were going to say | bizaytırıq bolsaqif we were going to say | sizaytırıq bolsağızif you all were going to say | alaaytırıq bolsalaif they were going to say |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menaytmazlıq bolsamif I were not going to say | senaytmazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to say | olaytmazlıq bolsaif he were not going to say | bizaytmazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to say | sizaytmazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to say | alaaytmazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to say |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso aytdıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menayta bolurmaI must be saying | senayta bolursayou must be saying | olayta bolurhe must be saying | bizayta bolurbuzwe must be saying | sizayta bolursuzyou all must be saying | alaayta bolurlathey must be saying |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menaytmay bolurmaI must not be saying | senaytmay bolursayou must not be saying | olaytmay bolurhe must not be saying | bizaytmay bolurbuzwe must not be saying | sizaytmay bolursuzyou all must not be saying | alaaytmay bolurlathey must not be saying |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menayta tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of saying | senayta tura bolursayou must be in the middle of saying | olayta tura bolurhe must be in the middle of saying | bizayta tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of saying | sizayta tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of saying | alaayta tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of saying |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menaytmay tura bolurmaI must keep on not saying | senaytmay tura bolursayou must keep on not saying | olaytmay tura bolurhe must keep on not saying | bizaytmay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not saying | sizaytmay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not saying | alaaytmay tura bolurlathey must keep on not saying |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menaythan bolurmaI must have said | senaythan bolursayou must have said | olaythan bolurhe must have said | bizaythan bolurbuzwe must have said | sizaythan bolursuzyou all must have said | alaaythan bolurlathey must have said |
| Inference (must have) | menaytmağan bolurmaI must not have said | senaytmağan bolursayou must not have said | olaytmağan bolurhe must not have said | bizaytmağan bolurbuzwe must not have said | sizaytmağan bolursuzyou all must not have said | alaaytmağan bolurlathey must not have said |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menaytırıq bolurmaI must be going to say | senaytırıq bolursayou must be going to say | olaytırıq bolurhe must be going to say | bizaytırıq bolurbuzwe must be going to say | sizaytırıq bolursuzyou all must be going to say | alaaytırıq bolurlathey must be going to say |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menaytmazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to say | senaytmazlıq bolursayou must not be going to say | olaytmazlıq bolurhe must not be going to say | bizaytmazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to say | sizaytmazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to say | alaaytmazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to say |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menaytayımlet me say | senayt!say! | olaytsınlet him say | bizaytayıqlet's say | sizaytığız!say, you all! | alaaytsınlalet them say |
| Commands & suggestions | menaytmayımlet me not say | senaytma!don't say! | olaytmasınlet him not say | bizaytmayıqlet's not say | sizaytmağız!don't say, you all! | alaaytmasınlalet them not say |
| Commands & suggestions | menaytayımmı?shall I say? | olaytsınmı?should he say? | bizaytayıqmı?shall we say? | alaaytsınlamı?should they say? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menaytmayımmı?shall I not say? | olaytmasınmı?should he not say? | bizaytmayıqmı?shall we not say? | alaaytmasınlamı?should they not say? | ||
| Requests | senaytçı2aytçınplease say | olaytsınçıdo let him say | sizaytçığızplease say (plural/polite) | alaaytsınlaçıdo let them say | ||
| Requests | senaytmaçı2aytmaçınplease don't say | olaytmasınçıdo let him not say | sizaytmaçığızplease don't say (plural/polite) | alaaytmasınlaçıdo let them not say | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senaythınaythımay you say | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senaytmağınaytmağımay you not say | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menaythay edim aytha edimwould that I said | senaythay ediŋ aytha ediŋwould that you said | olaythay edi aytha ediwould that he said | bizaythay edik aytha edikwould that we said | sizaythay edigiz aytha edigizwould that you all said | alaaythay edile aytha edilewould that they said |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menaytmağay edim aytmağa edimwould that I did not say | senaytmağay ediŋ aytmağa ediŋwould that you did not say | olaytmağay edi aytmağa ediwould that he did not say | bizaytmağay edik aytmağa edikwould that we did not say | sizaytmağay edigiz aytmağa edigizwould that you all did not say | alaaytmağay edile aytmağa edilewould that they did not say |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menaytmağa qoyayımaytma qoyayımlet me allow someone to say | senaytmağa qoy!aytma qoy!let someone say! | olaytmağa qoysunaytma qoysunlet him allow someone to say | bizaytmağa qoyayıqaytma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to say | sizaytmağa qoyuğuz!aytma qoyuğuz!let someone say, you all! | alaaytmağa qoysunlaaytma qoysunlalet them allow someone to say |
| Let someone… (commands) | menaytmağa qoymayımaytma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to say | senaytmağa qoyma!aytma qoyma!don't let someone say! | olaytmağa qoymasınaytma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to say | bizaytmağa qoymayıqaytma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to say | sizaytmağa qoymağız!aytma qoymağız!don't let someone say, you all! | alaaytmağa qoymasınlaaytma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to say |
| Let someone… (commands) | menaytmağa qoyayımmı?aytma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to say? | olaytmağa qoysunmu?aytma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to say? | bizaytmağa qoyayıqmı?aytma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to say? | alaaytmağa qoysunlamı?aytma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to say? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menaytmağa qoymayımmı?aytma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to say? | olaytmağa qoymasınmı?aytma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to say? | bizaytmağa qoymayıqmı?aytma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to say? | alaaytmağa qoymasınlamı?aytma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to say? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menaytmağa qoyamaaytma qoyamaI allow someone to say | senaytmağa qoyasaaytma qoyasayou allow someone to say | olaytmağa qoyadıaytma qoyadıhe allows someone to say | bizaytmağa qoyabızaytma qoyabızwe allow someone to say | sizaytmağa qoyasızaytma qoyasızyou all allow someone to say | alaaytmağa qoyadılaaytma qoyadılathey allow someone to say |
| Let someone… (present) | menaytmağa qoymaymaaytma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to say | senaytmağa qoymaysaaytma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to say | olaytmağa qoymaydıaytma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to say | bizaytmağa qoymaybızaytma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to say | sizaytmağa qoymaysızaytma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to say | alaaytmağa qoymaydılaaytma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to say |
| Let someone… (present) | menaytmağa qoyamamı?aytma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to say? | senaytmağa qoyamısa?aytma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to say? | olaytmağa qoyamıdı?aytma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to say? | bizaytmağa qoyabızmı?aytma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to say? | sizaytmağa qoyamısız?aytma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to say? | alaaytmağa qoyamıdıla?aytma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to say? |
| Let someone… (present) | menaytmağa qoymaymamı?aytma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to say? | senaytmağa qoymaymısa?aytma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to say? | olaytmağa qoymaymıdı?aytma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to say? | bizaytmağa qoymaybızmı?aytma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to say? | sizaytmağa qoymaymısız?aytma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to say? | alaaytmağa qoymaymıdıla?aytma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to say? |
| Let someone… (past) | menaytmağa qoydumaytma qoydumI allowed someone to say | senaytmağa qoyduŋaytma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to say | olaytmağa qoyduaytma qoyduhe allowed someone to say | bizaytmağa qoyduqaytma qoyduqwe allowed someone to say | sizaytmağa qoyduğuzaytma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to say | alaaytmağa qoydulaaytma qoydulathey allowed someone to say |
| Let someone… (past) | menaytmağa qoymadımaytma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to say | senaytmağa qoymadıŋaytma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to say | olaytmağa qoymadıaytma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to say | bizaytmağa qoymadıqaytma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to say | sizaytmağa qoymadığızaytma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to say | alaaytmağa qoymadılaaytma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to say |
| Let someone… (past) | menaytmağa qoydummu?aytma qoydummu?did I allow someone to say? | senaytmağa qoyduŋmu?aytma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to say? | olaytmağa qoydumu?aytma qoydumu?did he allow someone to say? | bizaytmağa qoyduqmu?aytma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to say? | sizaytmağa qoyduğuzmu?aytma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to say? | alaaytmağa qoydulamı?aytma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to say? |
| Let someone… (past) | menaytmağa qoymadımmı?aytma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to say? | senaytmağa qoymadıŋmı?aytma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to say? | olaytmağa qoymadımı?aytma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to say? | bizaytmağa qoymadıqmı?aytma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to say? | sizaytmağa qoymadığızmı?aytma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to say? | alaaytmağa qoymadılamı?aytma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to say? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
aytalırğa be able to say · aytalmazğa be unable to say
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menaytalamaI can say | senaytalasayou can say | olaytaladıhe can say | bizaytalabızwe can say | sizaytalasızyou all can say | alaaytaladılathey can say |
| Ability — present | menaytalmaymaI can't say | senaytalmaysayou can't say | olaytalmaydıhe can't say | bizaytalmaybızwe can't say | sizaytalmaysızyou all can't say | alaaytalmaydılathey can't say |
| Ability — present | menaytalamamı? aytalamıma?can I say? | senaytalamısa?can you say? | olaytalamıdı?can he say? | bizaytalabızmı? aytalamıbız?can we say? | sizaytalamısız?can you all say? | alaaytalamıdıla?can they say? |
| Ability — present | menaytalmaymamı? aytalmaymıma?can't I say? | senaytalmaymısa?can't you say? | olaytalmaymıdı?can't he say? | bizaytalmaybızmı? aytalmaymıbız?can't we say? | sizaytalmaymısız?can't you all say? | alaaytalmaymıdıla?can't they say? |
| Ability — if I can… | menaytalsamif I can say | senaytalsaŋif you can say | olaytalsaif he can say | bizaytalsaqif we can say | sizaytalsağızif you all can say | alaaytalsalaif they can say |
| Ability — if I can… | menaytalmasamif I can't say | senaytalmasaŋif you can't say | olaytalmasaif he can't say | bizaytalmasaqif we can't say | sizaytalmasağızif you all can't say | alaaytalmasalaif they can't say |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menaytaldımI was able to say | senaytaldıŋyou were able to say | olaytaldıhe was able to say | bizaytaldıqwe were able to say | sizaytaldığızyou all were able to say | alaaytaldılathey were able to say |
| Ability — simple past | menaytalmadımI could not say | senaytalmadıŋyou could not say | olaytalmadıhe could not say | bizaytalmadıqwe could not say | sizaytalmadığızyou all could not say | alaaytalmadılathey could not say |
| Ability — simple past | menaytaldımmı?was I able to say? | senaytaldıŋmı?were you able to say? | olaytaldımı?was he able to say? | bizaytaldıqmı?were we able to say? | sizaytaldığızmı?were you all able to say? | alaaytaldılamı?were they able to say? |
| Ability — simple past | menaytalmadımmı?couldn't I say? | senaytalmadıŋmı?couldn't you say? | olaytalmadımı?couldn't he say? | bizaytalmadıqmı?couldn't we say? | sizaytalmadığızmı?couldn't you all say? | alaaytalmadılamı?couldn't they say? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menaytalğanmaI have been able to say | senaytalğansayou have been able to say | olaytalğandıhe has been able to say | bizaytalğanbızwe have been able to say | sizaytalğansızyou all have been able to say | alaaytalğandılathey have been able to say |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menaytalmağanmaI haven't been able to say | senaytalmağansayou haven't been able to say | olaytalmağandıhe hasn't been able to say | bizaytalmağanbızwe haven't been able to say | sizaytalmağansızyou all haven't been able to say | alaaytalmağandılathey haven't been able to say |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menaytalğanmamı? aytalğanmıma?have I been able to say? | senaytalğanmısa?have you been able to say? | olaytalğanmıdı?has he been able to say? | bizaytalğanbızmı? aytalğanmıbız?have we been able to say? | sizaytalğanmısız?have you all been able to say? | alaaytalğanmıdıla?have they been able to say? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menaytalmağanmamı? aytalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to say? | senaytalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to say? | olaytalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to say? | bizaytalmağanbızmı? aytalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to say? | sizaytalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to say? | alaaytalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to say? |
| Ability — past perfect | menaytalğan edimaytalğanemI had been able to say | senaytalğan ediŋaytalğaneŋyou had been able to say | olaytalğan ediaytalğanedhe had been able to say | bizaytalğan edikaytalğanekwe had been able to say | sizaytalğan edigizaytalğanegizyou all had been able to say | alaaytalğan edileaytalğanellethey had been able to say |
| Ability — past perfect | menaytalmağan edimaytalmağanemI hadn't been able to say | senaytalmağan ediŋaytalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to say | olaytalmağan ediaytalmağanedhe hadn't been able to say | bizaytalmağan edikaytalmağanekwe hadn't been able to say | sizaytalmağan edigizaytalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to say | alaaytalmağan edileaytalmağanellethey hadn't been able to say |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menaytala edimaytalaemI could say | senaytala ediŋaytalaeŋyou could say | olaytala ediaytalaedhe could say | bizaytala edikaytalaekwe could say | sizaytala edigizaytalaegizyou all could say | alaaytala edileaytalaellethey could say |
| Ability — past background | menaytalmay edimaytalmayemI could not say | senaytalmay ediŋaytalmayeŋyou could not say | olaytalmay ediaytalmayedhe could not say | bizaytalmay edikaytalmayekwe could not say | sizaytalmay edigizaytalmayegizyou all could not say | alaaytalmay edileaytalmayellethey could not say |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menaytalırmaI will be able to say | senaytalırsayou will be able to say | olaytalırhe will be able to say | bizaytalırbızwe will be able to say | sizaytalırsızyou all will be able to say | alaaytalırlathey will be able to say |
| Ability — future I | menaytalmazmaI won't be able to say | senaytalmazsayou won't be able to say | olaytalmazhe won't be able to say | bizaytalmazbızwe won't be able to say | sizaytalmazsızyou all won't be able to say | alaaytalmazlathey won't be able to say |
| Ability — future I | menaytalırmamı? aytalırmıma?will I be able to say? | senaytalırmısa?will you be able to say? | olaytalırmı?will he be able to say? | bizaytalırbızmı? aytalırmıbız?will we be able to say? | sizaytalırmısız?will you all be able to say? | alaaytalırlamı? aytalırmıla?will they be able to say? |
| Ability — future I | menaytalmazmamı? aytalmazmıma?won't I be able to say? | senaytalmazmısa?won't you be able to say? | olaytalmazmı?won't he be able to say? | bizaytalmazbızmı? aytalmazmıbız?won't we be able to say? | sizaytalmazmısız?won't you all be able to say? | alaaytalmazlamı? aytalmazmıla?won't they be able to say? |
| Ability — future II | menaytallıqmaI am going to be able to say | senaytallıqsayou are going to be able to say | olaytallıqdıhe is going to be able to say | bizaytallıqbızwe are going to be able to say | sizaytallıqsızyou all are going to be able to say | alaaytallıqdılathey are going to be able to say |
| Ability — future II | menaytallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to say | senaytallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to say | olaytallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to say | bizaytallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to say | sizaytallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to say | alaaytallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to say |
| Ability — future II | menaytallıqmamı? aytallıqmıma?am I going to be able to say? | senaytallıqmısa?are you going to be able to say? | olaytallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to say? | bizaytallıqbızmı? aytallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to say? | sizaytallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to say? | alaaytallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to say? |
| Ability — future II | menaytallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to say? | senaytallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to say? | olaytallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to say? | bizaytallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to say? | sizaytallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to say? | alaaytallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to say? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menaytalır edimaytalır emI would be able to say | senaytalır ediŋaytalır eŋyou would be able to say | olaytalır ediaytalır edhe would be able to say | bizaytalır edikaytalır ekwe would be able to say | sizaytalır edigizaytalır egizyou all would be able to say | alaaytalır edileaytalır ellethey would be able to say |
| Ability — would be able to… | menaytalmaz edimaytalmaz emI wouldn't be able to say | senaytalmaz ediŋaytalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to say | olaytalmaz ediaytalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to say | bizaytalmaz edikaytalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to say | sizaytalmaz edigizaytalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to say | alaaytalmaz edileaytalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to say |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senaytalğınaytalğımay you be able to say | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senaytalmağınaytalmağımay you not be able to say | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menaytırğa izleymeI want to say | senaytırğa izleyseyou want to say | olaytırğa izleydihe wants to say | bizaytırğa izleybizwe want to say | sizaytırğa izleysizyou all want to say | alaaytırğa izleydilethey want to say |
| want to | menaytırğa izlemeymeI do not want to say | senaytırğa izlemeyseyou do not want to say | olaytırğa izlemeydihe does not want to say | bizaytırğa izlemeybizwe do not want to say | sizaytırğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to say | alaaytırğa izlemeydilethey do not want to say |
| would like to | menaytırğa süemeI would like to say | senaytırğa süeseyou would like to say | olaytırğa süedihe would like to say | bizaytırğa süebizwe would like to say | sizaytırğa süesizyou all would like to say | alaaytırğa süedilethey would like to say |
| would like to | menaytırğa süymeymeI would not like to say | senaytırğa süymeyseyou would not like to say | olaytırğa süymeydihe would not like to say | bizaytırğa süymeybizwe would not like to say | sizaytırğa süymeysizyou all would not like to say | alaaytırğa süymeydilethey would not like to say |
| hope to | menaytırğa umutlanamaI hope to say | senaytırğa umutlanasayou hope to say | olaytırğa umutlanadıhe hopes to say | bizaytırğa umutlanabızwe hope to say | sizaytırğa umutlanasızyou all hope to say | alaaytırğa umutlanadılathey hope to say |
| hope to | menaytırğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to say | senaytırğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to say | olaytırğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to say | bizaytırğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to say | sizaytırğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to say | alaaytırğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to say |
| be about to | menaytırğa deb turamaI am about to say | senaytırğa deb turasayou are about to say | olaytırğa deb turadıhe is about to say | bizaytırğa deb turabızwe are about to say | sizaytırğa deb turasızyou all are about to say | alaaytırğa deb turadılathey are about to say |
| be about to | menaytırğa deb turmaymaI am not about to say | senaytırğa deb turmaysayou are not about to say | olaytırğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to say | bizaytırğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to say | sizaytırğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to say | alaaytırğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to say |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menaytırğa kerekmeI need to say | senaytırğa kerekseyou need to say | olaytırğa kerekdihe needs to say | bizaytırğa kerekbizwe need to say | sizaytırğa kereksizyou all need to say | alaaytırğa kerekdilethey need to say |
| need to | menaytırğa kerek tülmeI do not need to say | senaytırğa kerek tülseyou do not need to say | olaytırğa kerek tüldühe does not need to say | bizaytırğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to say | sizaytırğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to say | alaaytırğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to say |
| have to | menmenŋe aytırğa tüşediI have to say | sensenŋe aytırğa tüşediyou have to say | olaŋa aytırğa tüşedihe has to say | bizbizge aytırğa tüşediwe have to say | sizsizge aytırğa tüşediyou all have to say | alaalağa aytırğa tüşedithey have to say |
| have to | menmenŋe aytırğa tüşmeydiI do not have to say | sensenŋe aytırğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to say | olaŋa aytırğa tüşmeydihe does not have to say | bizbizge aytırğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to say | sizsizge aytırğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to say | alaalağa aytırğa tüşmeydithey do not have to say |
| be obliged to | menaytırğa borçlumaI am obliged to say | senaytırğa borçlusayou are obliged to say | olaytırğa borçluduhe is obliged to say | bizaytırğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to say | sizaytırğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to say | alaaytırğa borçludulathey are obliged to say |
| be obliged to | menaytırğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to say | senaytırğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to say | olaytırğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to say | bizaytırğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to say | sizaytırğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to say | alaaytırğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to say |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menaytırğa madarım bardıI have a way to say | senaytırğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to say | olaytırğa madarı bardıhe has a way to say | bizaytırğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to say | sizaytırğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to say | alaaytırğa madarları bardıthey have a way to say |
| have a way to | menaytırğa madarım joqduI have no way to say | senaytırğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to say | olaytırğa madarı joqduhe has no way to say | bizaytırğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to say | sizaytırğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to say | alaaytırğa madarları joqduthey have no way to say |
| be free to | menaytırğa erkinligim bardıI am free to say | senaytırğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to say | olaytırğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to say | bizaytırğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to say | sizaytırğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to say | alaaytırğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to say |
| be free to | menaytırğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to say | senaytırğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to say | olaytırğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to say | bizaytırğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to say | sizaytırğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to say | alaaytırğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to say |
| be possible to | menmenŋe aytırğa bolluqduit is possible for me to say | sensenŋe aytırğa bolluqduit is possible for you to say | olaŋa aytırğa bolluqduit is possible for him to say | bizbizge aytırğa bolluqduit is possible for us to say | sizsizge aytırğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to say | alaalağa aytırğa bolluqduit is possible for them to say |
| be possible to | menmenŋe aytırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to say | sensenŋe aytırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to say | olaŋa aytırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to say | bizbizge aytırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to say | sizsizge aytırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to say | alaalağa aytırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to say |
| be ready to | menaytırğa hazırmaI am ready to say | senaytırğa hazırsayou are ready to say | olaytırğa hazırdıhe is ready to say | bizaytırğa hazırbızwe are ready to say | sizaytırğa hazırsızyou all are ready to say | alaaytırğa hazırdılathey are ready to say |
| be ready to | menaytırğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to say | senaytırğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to say | olaytırğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to say | bizaytırğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to say | sizaytırğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to say | alaaytırğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to say |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menaytırğa küreşemeI am trying to say | senaytırğa küreşeseyou are trying to say | olaytırğa küreşedihe is trying to say | bizaytırğa küreşebizwe are trying to say | sizaytırğa küreşesizyou all are trying to say | alaaytırğa küreşedilethey are trying to say |
| try to | menaytırğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to say | senaytırğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to say | olaytırğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to say | bizaytırğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to say | sizaytırğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to say | alaaytırğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to say |
| agree to | menaytırğa unaymaI agree to say | senaytırğa unaysayou agree to say | olaytırğa unaydıhe agrees to say | bizaytırğa unaybızwe agree to say | sizaytırğa unaysızyou all agree to say | alaaytırğa unaydılathey agree to say |
| agree to | menaytırğa unamaymaI refuse to say | senaytırğa unamaysayou refuse to say | olaytırğa unamaydıhe refuses to say | bizaytırğa unamaybızwe refuse to say | sizaytırğa unamaysızyou all refuse to say | alaaytırğa unamaydılathey refuse to say |
| hurry to | menaytırğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to say | senaytırğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to say | olaytırğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to say | bizaytırğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to say | sizaytırğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to say | alaaytırğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to say |
| hurry to | menaytırğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to say | senaytırğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to say | olaytırğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to say | bizaytırğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to say | sizaytırğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to say | alaaytırğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to say |
| be afraid to | menaytırğa qorqamaI am afraid to say | senaytırğa qorqasayou are afraid to say | olaytırğa qorqadıhe is afraid to say | bizaytırğa qorqabızwe are afraid to say | sizaytırğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to say | alaaytırğa qorqadılathey are afraid to say |
| be afraid to | menaytırğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to say | senaytırğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to say | olaytırğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to say | bizaytırğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to say | sizaytırğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to say | alaaytırğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to say |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menayta bolmazmaI can't be saying | senayta bolmazsayou can't be saying | olayta bolmazhe can't be saying | bizayta bolmazbızwe can't be saying | sizayta bolmazsızyou all can't be saying | alaayta bolmazlathey can't be saying |
| Inference, present — double negation | menaytmay bolmazmaI must be saying (emphatic) | senaytmay bolmazsayou must be saying (emphatic) | olaytmay bolmazhe must be saying (emphatic) | bizaytmay bolmazbızwe must be saying (emphatic) | sizaytmay bolmazsızyou all must be saying (emphatic) | alaaytmay bolmazlathey must be saying (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menayta turmasamif I don't keep saying | senayta turmasaŋif you don't keep saying | olayta turmasaif he doesn't keep saying | bizayta turmasaqif we don't keep saying | sizayta turmasağızif you all don't keep saying | alaayta turmasalaif they don't keep saying |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menayta tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of saying | senayta tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of saying | olayta tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of saying | bizayta tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of saying | sizayta tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of saying | alaayta tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of saying |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menaytmay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not saying (emphatic) | senaytmay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not saying (emphatic) | olaytmay tura bolmazhe must keep on not saying (emphatic) | bizaytmay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not saying (emphatic) | sizaytmay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not saying (emphatic) | alaaytmay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not saying (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menaytmay turamaI keep on not saying | senaytmay turasayou keep on not saying | olaytmay turadıhe keeps on not saying | bizaytmay turabızwe keep on not saying | sizaytmay turasızyou all keep on not saying | alaaytmay turadılathey keep on not saying |
| Progressive — double negation | menaytmay turmaymaI am not keeping on not saying | senaytmay turmaysayou are not keeping on not saying | olaytmay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not saying | bizaytmay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not saying | sizaytmay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not saying | alaaytmay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not saying |
| Progressive — double negation | menaytmay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not saying? | senaytmay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not saying? | olaytmay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not saying? | bizaytmay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not saying? | sizaytmay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not saying? | alaaytmay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not saying? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menaythan bolmazmaI can't have said | senaythan bolmazsayou can't have said | olaythan bolmazhe can't have said | bizaythan bolmazbızwe can't have said | sizaythan bolmazsızyou all can't have said | alaaythan bolmazlathey can't have said |
| Inference — double negation | menaytmağan bolmazmaI must have said (emphatic) | senaytmağan bolmazsayou must have said (emphatic) | olaytmağan bolmazhe must have said (emphatic) | bizaytmağan bolmazbızwe must have said (emphatic) | sizaytmağan bolmazsızyou all must have said (emphatic) | alaaytmağan bolmazlathey must have said (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menaythan bolmasamif it weren't that I had said | senaythan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had said | olaythan bolmasaif it weren't that he had said | bizaythan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had said | sizaythan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had said | alaaythan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had said |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menaytmağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't said | senaytmağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't said | olaytmağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't said | bizaytmağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't said | sizaytmağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't said | alaaytmağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't said |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menaytırıq bolmazmaI can't be going to say | senaytırıq bolmazsayou can't be going to say | olaytırıq bolmazhe can't be going to say | bizaytırıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to say | sizaytırıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to say | alaaytırıq bolmazlathey can't be going to say |
| Inference, future — double negation | menaytmazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to say (emphatic) | senaytmazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to say (emphatic) | olaytmazlıq bolmazhe must be going to say (emphatic) | bizaytmazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to say (emphatic) | sizaytmazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to say (emphatic) | alaaytmazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to say (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menaytırıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to say | senaytırıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to say | olaytırıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to say | bizaytırıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to say | sizaytırıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to say | alaaytırıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to say |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menaytmazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to say | senaytmazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to say | olaytmazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to say | bizaytmazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to say | sizaytmazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to say | alaaytmazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to say |