söleşirge
/søleʃirɡe/
1. speak, talk — The blunt negative imperative söleşme means "be quiet!".
- söleşme! — don't talk!
- biz söleşebiz — we are talking
- köb söleşirge — to talk a great deal
- açıq söleşirge — to speak openly
- artdan söleşirge — to talk behind someone's back
- telefon bla söleşirge — to talk on the phone
- kesi allıŋa söleşirge — to talk to yourself
2. speak to someone, have a talk with someone, talk something over — The person spoken to is in the dative; the topic is followed by üsünden.
- aŋa söleşdim — I spoke to him
- atama söleşdim — I spoke to my father
- professorğa söleşirge — to have a word with the professor
- işni üsünden söleşirge — to talk the work over
- meni bla söleş — have a talk with me
3. speak a language
- ol Orusça igi söleşedi — she speaks Russian well
- biz ana tilibizde söleşebiz — we speak in our mother tongue
- sabiy söleşe başlağandı — the child has begun to speak
- söleşe bilirge — to be able to speak
- Orusça söleşirge — to speak Russian
4. speak in public, give a speech, address a meeting
- jıyılıwda söleşirge — to speak at a meeting
- halqnı allında söleşirge — to speak in front of the people
- studentleni allarında söleşirge — to address the students
- radio bla söleşirge — to speak on the radio
- jaqlab söleşirge — to speak in someone's defense
Expressions
- bir söleşse, ekinçige — every other word
- qağıb söleşirge — hint at a grievance
- ullu söleşme da, ullu qap — don't talk big
- açı söleşirge — speak harshly
Conjugation
Common forms
- söleşedihe is speaking
- söleşdihe spoke
- söleşgendihe has spoken
- söleşirhe will speak
- söleşirikdihe is going to speak
- söleşe edihe was speaking
- söleşseif he speaks
- söleş!speak!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | mensöleşemeI am speaking | sensöleşeseyou are speaking | olsöleşedihe is speaking | bizsöleşebizwe are speaking | sizsöleşesizyou all are speaking | alasöleşedilethey are speaking |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mensöleşmeymeI am not speaking | sensöleşmeyseyou are not speaking | olsöleşmeydihe is not speaking | bizsöleşmeybizwe are not speaking | sizsöleşmeysizyou all are not speaking | alasöleşmeydilethey are not speaking |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mensöleşememi? söleşemime?am I speaking? | sensöleşemise?are you speaking? | olsöleşemidi?is he speaking? | bizsöleşebizmi? söleşemibiz?are we speaking? | sizsöleşemisiz?are you all speaking? | alasöleşemidile?are they speaking? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mensöleşmeymemi? söleşmeymime?aren't I speaking? | sensöleşmeymise?aren't you speaking? | olsöleşmeymidi?isn't he speaking? | bizsöleşmeybizmi? söleşmeymibiz?aren't we speaking? | sizsöleşmeymisiz?aren't you all speaking? | alasöleşmeymidile?aren't they speaking? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mensöleşiwçenmeI usually speak | sensöleşiwçenseyou usually speak | olsöleşiwçendihe usually speaks | bizsöleşiwçenbizwe usually speak | sizsöleşiwçensizyou all usually speak | alasöleşiwçendilethey usually speak |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mensöleşmewçenmeI usually don't speak | sensöleşmewçenseyou usually don't speak | olsöleşmewçendihe usually doesn't speak | bizsöleşmewçenbizwe usually don't speak | sizsöleşmewçensizyou all usually don't speak | alasöleşmewçendilethey usually don't speak |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mensöleşiwçenmemi? söleşiwçenmime?do I usually speak? | sensöleşiwçenmise?do you usually speak? | olsöleşiwçenmidi?does he usually speak? | bizsöleşiwçenbizmi? söleşiwçenmibiz?do we usually speak? | sizsöleşiwçenmisiz?do you all usually speak? | alasöleşiwçenmidile?do they usually speak? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mensöleşmewçenmemi? söleşmewçenmime?do I usually not speak? | sensöleşmewçenmise?do you usually not speak? | olsöleşmewçenmidi?does he usually not speak? | bizsöleşmewçenbizmi? söleşmewçenmibiz?do we usually not speak? | sizsöleşmewçenmisiz?do you all usually not speak? | alasöleşmewçenmidile?do they usually not speak? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olsöleşibdihe has spoken and remains so | alasöleşibdilethey have spoken and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olsöleşibmidi?has he spoken? | alasöleşibmidile?have they spoken? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | mensöleşib turamaI keep speaking | sensöleşib turasayou keep speaking | olsöleşib turadıhe keeps speaking | bizsöleşib turabızwe keep speaking | sizsöleşib turasızyou all keep speaking | alasöleşib turadılathey keep speaking |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mensöleşib turmaymaI don't keep speaking | sensöleşib turmaysayou don't keep speaking | olsöleşib turmaydıhe doesn't keep speaking | bizsöleşib turmaybızwe don't keep speaking | sizsöleşib turmaysızyou all don't keep speaking | alasöleşib turmaydılathey don't keep speaking |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mensöleşib turamamı? söleşib turamıma?do I keep speaking? | sensöleşib turamısa?do you keep speaking? | olsöleşib turamıdı?does he keep speaking? | bizsöleşib turabızmı? söleşib turamıbız?do we keep speaking? | sizsöleşib turamısız?do you all keep speaking? | alasöleşib turamıdıla?do they keep speaking? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mensöleşib turmaymamı? söleşib turmaymıma?don't I keep speaking? | sensöleşib turmaymısa?don't you keep speaking? | olsöleşib turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep speaking? | bizsöleşib turmaybızmı? söleşib turmaymıbız?don't we keep speaking? | sizsöleşib turmaymısız?don't you all keep speaking? | alasöleşib turmaymıdıla?don't they keep speaking? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mensöleşe turamaI am in the middle of speaking | sensöleşe turasayou are in the middle of speaking | olsöleşe turadıhe is in the middle of speaking | bizsöleşe turabızwe are in the middle of speaking | sizsöleşe turasızyou all are in the middle of speaking | alasöleşe turadılathey are in the middle of speaking |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mensöleşe turmaymaI am not in the middle of speaking | sensöleşe turmaysayou are not in the middle of speaking | olsöleşe turmaydıhe is not in the middle of speaking | bizsöleşe turmaybızwe are not in the middle of speaking | sizsöleşe turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of speaking | alasöleşe turmaydılathey are not in the middle of speaking |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mensöleşe turamamı? söleşe turamıma?am I in the middle of speaking? | sensöleşe turamısa?are you in the middle of speaking? | olsöleşe turamıdı?is he in the middle of speaking? | bizsöleşe turabızmı? söleşe turamıbız?are we in the middle of speaking? | sizsöleşe turamısız?are you all in the middle of speaking? | alasöleşe turamıdıla?are they in the middle of speaking? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mensöleşe turmaymamı? söleşe turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of speaking? | sensöleşe turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of speaking? | olsöleşe turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of speaking? | bizsöleşe turmaybızmı? söleşe turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of speaking? | sizsöleşe turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of speaking? | alasöleşe turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of speaking? |
| Simple past (definite) | mensöleşdimI spoke | sensöleşdiŋyou spoke | olsöleşdihe spoke | bizsöleşdikwe spoke | sizsöleşdigizyou all spoke | alasöleşdilethey spoke |
| Simple past (definite) | mensöleşmedimI didn't speak | sensöleşmediŋyou didn't speak | olsöleşmedihe didn't speak | bizsöleşmedikwe didn't speak | sizsöleşmedigizyou all didn't speak | alasöleşmedilethey didn't speak |
| Simple past (definite) | mensöleşdimmi?did I speak? | sensöleşdiŋmi?did you speak? | olsöleşdimi?did he speak? | bizsöleşdikmi?did we speak? | sizsöleşdigizmi?did you all speak? | alasöleşdilemi?did they speak? |
| Simple past (definite) | mensöleşmedimmi?didn't I speak? | sensöleşmediŋmi?didn't you speak? | olsöleşmedimi?didn't he speak? | bizsöleşmedikmi?didn't we speak? | sizsöleşmedigizmi?didn't you all speak? | alasöleşmedilemi?didn't they speak? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mensöleşgenmeI have spoken | sensöleşgenseyou have spoken | olsöleşgendihe has spoken | bizsöleşgenbizwe have spoken | sizsöleşgensizyou all have spoken | alasöleşgendilethey have spoken |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mensöleşmegenmeI haven't spoken | sensöleşmegenseyou haven't spoken | olsöleşmegendihe hasn't spoken | bizsöleşmegenbizwe haven't spoken | sizsöleşmegensizyou all haven't spoken | alasöleşmegendilethey haven't spoken |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mensöleşgenmemi? söleşgenmime?have I spoken? | sensöleşgenmise?have you spoken? | olsöleşgenmidi?has he spoken? | bizsöleşgenbizmi? söleşgenmibiz?have we spoken? | sizsöleşgenmisiz?have you all spoken? | alasöleşgenmidile?have they spoken? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mensöleşmegenmemi? söleşmegenmime?haven't I spoken? | sensöleşmegenmise?haven't you spoken? | olsöleşmegenmidi?hasn't he spoken? | bizsöleşmegenbizmi? söleşmegenmibiz?haven't we spoken? | sizsöleşmegenmisiz?haven't you all spoken? | alasöleşmegenmidile?haven't they spoken? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mensöleşib turdumI kept speaking | sensöleşib turduŋyou kept speaking | olsöleşib turduhe kept speaking | bizsöleşib turduqwe kept speaking | sizsöleşib turduğuzyou all kept speaking | alasöleşib turdulathey kept speaking |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mensöleşib turmadımI didn't keep speaking | sensöleşib turmadıŋyou didn't keep speaking | olsöleşib turmadıhe didn't keep speaking | bizsöleşib turmadıqwe didn't keep speaking | sizsöleşib turmadığızyou all didn't keep speaking | alasöleşib turmadılathey didn't keep speaking |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | mensöleşirmeI will speak | sensöleşirseyou will speak | olsöleşirhe will speak | bizsöleşirbizwe will speak | sizsöleşirsizyou all will speak | alasöleşirlethey will speak |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mensöleşmezmeI won't speak | sensöleşmezseyou won't speak | olsöleşmezhe won't speak | bizsöleşmezbizwe won't speak | sizsöleşmezsizyou all won't speak | alasöleşmezlethey won't speak |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mensöleşirmemi? söleşirmime?will I speak? | sensöleşirmise?will you speak? | olsöleşirmi?will he speak? | bizsöleşirbizmi? söleşirmibiz?will we speak? | sizsöleşirmisiz?will you all speak? | alasöleşirlemi? söleşirmile?will they speak? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mensöleşmezmemi? söleşmezmime?won't I speak? | sensöleşmezmise?won't you speak? | olsöleşmezmi?won't he speak? | bizsöleşmezbizmi? söleşmezmibiz?won't we speak? | sizsöleşmezmisiz?won't you all speak? | alasöleşmezlemi? söleşmezmile?won't they speak? |
| Definite future (future II) | mensöleşirikmeI am going to speak | sensöleşirikseyou are going to speak | olsöleşirikdihe is going to speak | bizsöleşirikbizwe are going to speak | sizsöleşiriksizyou all are going to speak | alasöleşirikdilethey are going to speak |
| Definite future (future II) | mensöleşirik tülmeI am not going to speak | sensöleşirik tülseyou are not going to speak | olsöleşirik tüldühe is not going to speak | bizsöleşirik tülbüzwe are not going to speak | sizsöleşirik tülsüzyou all are not going to speak | alasöleşirik tüldülethey are not going to speak |
| Definite future (future II) | mensöleşirikmemi? söleşirikmime?am I going to speak? | sensöleşirikmise?are you going to speak? | olsöleşirikmidi?is he going to speak? | bizsöleşirikbizmi? söleşirikmibiz?are we going to speak? | sizsöleşirikmisiz?are you all going to speak? | alasöleşirikmidile?are they going to speak? |
| Definite future (future II) | mensöleşirik tülmüme?aren't I going to speak? | sensöleşirik tülmüse?aren't you going to speak? | olsöleşirik tülmüdü?isn't he going to speak? | bizsöleşirik tülmübüz?aren't we going to speak? | sizsöleşirik tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to speak? | alasöleşirik tülmüdüle?aren't they going to speak? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mensöleşgen edimsöleşgenemI had spoken | sensöleşgen ediŋsöleşgeneŋyou had spoken | olsöleşgen edisöleşgenedhe had spoken | bizsöleşgen ediksöleşgenekwe had spoken | sizsöleşgen edigizsöleşgenegizyou all had spoken | alasöleşgen edilesöleşgenellethey had spoken |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mensöleşmegen edimsöleşmegenemI hadn't spoken | sensöleşmegen ediŋsöleşmegeneŋyou hadn't spoken | olsöleşmegen edisöleşmegenedhe hadn't spoken | bizsöleşmegen ediksöleşmegenekwe hadn't spoken | sizsöleşmegen edigizsöleşmegenegizyou all hadn't spoken | alasöleşmegen edilesöleşmegenellethey hadn't spoken |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mensöleşe edimsöleşemI was speaking | sensöleşe ediŋsöleşeŋyou were speaking | olsöleşe edisöleşedhe was speaking | bizsöleşe ediksöleşekwe were speaking | sizsöleşe edigizsöleşegizyou all were speaking | alasöleşe edilesöleşellethey were speaking |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mensöleşmey edimsöleşmeyemI wasn't speaking | sensöleşmey ediŋsöleşmeyeŋyou weren't speaking | olsöleşmey edisöleşmeyedhe wasn't speaking | bizsöleşmey ediksöleşmeyekwe weren't speaking | sizsöleşmey edigizsöleşmeyegizyou all weren't speaking | alasöleşmey edilesöleşmeyellethey weren't speaking |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | mensöleşiwçen edimsöleşiwçenemI used to speak | sensöleşiwçen ediŋsöleşiwçeneŋyou used to speak | olsöleşiwçen edisöleşiwçenedhe used to speak | bizsöleşiwçen ediksöleşiwçenekwe used to speak | sizsöleşiwçen edigizsöleşiwçenegizyou all used to speak | alasöleşiwçen edilesöleşiwçenellethey used to speak |
| Habitual past (used to) | mensöleşmewçen edimsöleşmewçenemI didn't use to speak | sensöleşmewçen ediŋsöleşmewçeneŋyou didn't use to speak | olsöleşmewçen edisöleşmewçenedhe didn't use to speak | bizsöleşmewçen ediksöleşmewçenekwe didn't use to speak | sizsöleşmewçen edigizsöleşmewçenegizyou all didn't use to speak | alasöleşmewçen edilesöleşmewçenellethey didn't use to speak |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olsöleşib edihe had spoken and remained so | alasöleşib edilethey had spoken and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olsöleşib tül edihe hadn't spoken | alasöleşib tül edilethey hadn't spoken | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mensöleşib tura edimsöleşib turaemI had kept speaking | sensöleşib tura ediŋsöleşib turaeŋyou had kept speaking | olsöleşib tura edisöleşib turaedhe had kept speaking | bizsöleşib tura ediksöleşib turaekwe had kept speaking | sizsöleşib tura edigizsöleşib turaegizyou all had kept speaking | alasöleşib tura edilesöleşib turaellethey had kept speaking |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mensöleşib turmay edimsöleşib turmayemI hadn't kept speaking | sensöleşib turmay ediŋsöleşib turmayeŋyou hadn't kept speaking | olsöleşib turmay edisöleşib turmayedhe hadn't kept speaking | bizsöleşib turmay ediksöleşib turmayekwe hadn't kept speaking | sizsöleşib turmay edigizsöleşib turmayegizyou all hadn't kept speaking | alasöleşib turmay edilesöleşib turmayellethey hadn't kept speaking |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mensöleşe tura edimsöleşe turaemI was in the middle of speaking | sensöleşe tura ediŋsöleşe turaeŋyou were in the middle of speaking | olsöleşe tura edisöleşe turaedhe was in the middle of speaking | bizsöleşe tura ediksöleşe turaekwe were in the middle of speaking | sizsöleşe tura edigizsöleşe turaegizyou all were in the middle of speaking | alasöleşe tura edilesöleşe turaellethey were in the middle of speaking |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mensöleşe turmay edimsöleşe turmayemI wasn't in the middle of speaking | sensöleşe turmay ediŋsöleşe turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of speaking | olsöleşe turmay edisöleşe turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of speaking | bizsöleşe turmay ediksöleşe turmayekwe weren't in the middle of speaking | sizsöleşe turmay edigizsöleşe turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of speaking | alasöleşe turmay edilesöleşe turmayellethey weren't in the middle of speaking |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | mensöleşir edimsöleşir emI would speak | sensöleşir ediŋsöleşir eŋyou would speak | olsöleşir edisöleşir edhe would speak | bizsöleşir ediksöleşir ekwe would speak | sizsöleşir edigizsöleşir egizyou all would speak | alasöleşir edilesöleşir ellethey would speak |
| Conditional result (would) | mensöleşmez edimsöleşmez emI wouldn't speak | sensöleşmez ediŋsöleşmez eŋyou wouldn't speak | olsöleşmez edisöleşmez edhe wouldn't speak | bizsöleşmez ediksöleşmez ekwe wouldn't speak | sizsöleşmez edigizsöleşmez egizyou all wouldn't speak | alasöleşmez edilesöleşmez ellethey wouldn't speak |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | mensöleşirik edimsöleşirik emI would have spoken | sensöleşirik ediŋsöleşirik eŋyou would have spoken | olsöleşirik edisöleşirik edhe would have spoken | bizsöleşirik ediksöleşirik ekwe would have spoken | sizsöleşirik edigizsöleşirik egizyou all would have spoken | alasöleşirik edilesöleşirik ellethey would have spoken |
| Past conditional result (would have) | mensöleşirik tül edimsöleşirik tül emI wouldn't have spoken | sensöleşirik tül ediŋsöleşirik tül eŋyou wouldn't have spoken | olsöleşirik tül edisöleşirik tül edhe wouldn't have spoken | bizsöleşirik tül ediksöleşirik tül ekwe wouldn't have spoken | sizsöleşirik tül edigizsöleşirik tül egizyou all wouldn't have spoken | alasöleşirik tül edilesöleşirik tül ellethey wouldn't have spoken |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | mensöleşsemif I speak | sensöleşseŋif you speak | olsöleşseif he speaks | bizsöleşsekif we speak | sizsöleşsegizif you all speak | alasöleşseleif they speak |
| Conditional | mensöleşmesemif I don't speak | sensöleşmeseŋif you don't speak | olsöleşmeseif he doesn't speak | bizsöleşmesekif we don't speak | sizsöleşmesegizif you all don't speak | alasöleşmeseleif they don't speak |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | mensöleşe esemif I am speaking | sensöleşe eseŋif you are speaking | olsöleşe eseif he is speaking | bizsöleşe esekif we are speaking | sizsöleşe esegizif you all are speaking | alasöleşe eseleif they are speaking |
| Conditional, present real | mensöleşmey esemif I am not speaking | sensöleşmey eseŋif you are not speaking | olsöleşmey eseif he is not speaking | bizsöleşmey esekif we are not speaking | sizsöleşmey esegizif you all are not speaking | alasöleşmey eseleif they are not speaking |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mensöleşsem edisöleşsem edif only I spoke | sensöleşseŋ edisöleşseŋ edif only you spoke | olsöleşse edisöleşsedif only he spoke | bizsöleşsek edisöleşsek edif only we spoke | sizsöleşsegiz edisöleşsegiz edif only you all spoke | alasöleşsele edisöleşseledif only they spoke |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mensöleşmesem edisöleşmesem edif only I didn't speak | sensöleşmeseŋ edisöleşmeseŋ edif only you didn't speak | olsöleşmese edisöleşmesedif only he didn't speak | bizsöleşmesek edisöleşmesek edif only we didn't speak | sizsöleşmesegiz edisöleşmesegiz edif only you all didn't speak | alasöleşmesele edisöleşmeseledif only they didn't speak |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | mensöleşib tursamif I carry on speaking | sensöleşib tursaŋif you carry on speaking | olsöleşib tursaif he carries on speaking | bizsöleşib tursaqif we carry on speaking | sizsöleşib tursağızif you all carry on speaking | alasöleşib tursalaif they carry on speaking |
| Durative conditional | mensöleşib turmasamif I don't carry on speaking | sensöleşib turmasaŋif you don't carry on speaking | olsöleşib turmasaif he doesn't carry on speaking | bizsöleşib turmasaqif we don't carry on speaking | sizsöleşib turmasağızif you all don't carry on speaking | alasöleşib turmasalaif they don't carry on speaking |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | mensöleşib tura esemif I have kept speaking | sensöleşib tura eseŋif you have kept speaking | olsöleşib tura eseif he has kept speaking | bizsöleşib tura esekif we have kept speaking | sizsöleşib tura esegizif you all have kept speaking | alasöleşib tura eseleif they have kept speaking |
| Durative conditional, present real | mensöleşib turmay esemif I haven't kept speaking | sensöleşib turmay eseŋif you haven't kept speaking | olsöleşib turmay eseif he hasn't kept speaking | bizsöleşib turmay esekif we haven't kept speaking | sizsöleşib turmay esegizif you all haven't kept speaking | alasöleşib turmay eseleif they haven't kept speaking |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | mensöleşe tursamif I keep speaking | sensöleşe tursaŋif you keep speaking | olsöleşe tursaif he keeps speaking | bizsöleşe tursaqif we keep speaking | sizsöleşe tursağızif you all keep speaking | alasöleşe tursalaif they keep speaking |
| Progressive conditional | mensöleşmey tursamif I keep on not speaking | sensöleşmey tursaŋif you keep on not speaking | olsöleşmey tursaif he keeps on not speaking | bizsöleşmey tursaqif we keep on not speaking | sizsöleşmey tursağızif you all keep on not speaking | alasöleşmey tursalaif they keep on not speaking |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | mensöleşe tura esemif I am in the middle of speaking | sensöleşe tura eseŋif you are in the middle of speaking | olsöleşe tura eseif he is in the middle of speaking | bizsöleşe tura esekif we are in the middle of speaking | sizsöleşe tura esegizif you all are in the middle of speaking | alasöleşe tura eseleif they are in the middle of speaking |
| Progressive conditional, present real | mensöleşmey tura esemif I keep on not speaking | sensöleşmey tura eseŋif you keep on not speaking | olsöleşmey tura eseif he keeps on not speaking | bizsöleşmey tura esekif we keep on not speaking | sizsöleşmey tura esegizif you all keep on not speaking | alasöleşmey tura eseleif they keep on not speaking |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | mensöleşdim esemif I spoke | sensöleşdiŋ eseŋif you spoke | olsöleşdi eseif he spoke | bizsöleşdik esekif we spoke | sizsöleşdigiz esegizif you all spoke | alasöleşdile eseleif they spoke |
| Conditional, definite past1 | mensöleşmedim esemif I didn't speak | sensöleşmediŋ eseŋif you didn't speak | olsöleşmedi eseif he didn't speak | bizsöleşmedik esekif we didn't speak | sizsöleşmedigiz esegizif you all didn't speak | alasöleşmedile eseleif they didn't speak |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | mensöleşgen esemif I did speak (indeed) | sensöleşgen eseŋif you did speak (indeed) | olsöleşgen eseif he did speak (indeed) | bizsöleşgen esekif we did speak (indeed) | sizsöleşgen esegizif you all did speak (indeed) | alasöleşgen eseleif they did speak (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | mensöleşmegen esemif I didn't speak (indeed) | sensöleşmegen eseŋif you didn't speak (indeed) | olsöleşmegen eseif he didn't speak (indeed) | bizsöleşmegen esekif we didn't speak (indeed) | sizsöleşmegen esegizif you all didn't speak (indeed) | alasöleşmegen eseleif they didn't speak (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | mensöleşgen bolsamif I had spoken | sensöleşgen bolsaŋif you had spoken | olsöleşgen bolsaif he had spoken | bizsöleşgen bolsaqif we had spoken | sizsöleşgen bolsağızif you all had spoken | alasöleşgen bolsalaif they had spoken |
| Conditional, counterfactual | mensöleşmegen bolsamif I hadn't spoken | sensöleşmegen bolsaŋif you hadn't spoken | olsöleşmegen bolsaif he hadn't spoken | bizsöleşmegen bolsaqif we hadn't spoken | sizsöleşmegen bolsağızif you all hadn't spoken | alasöleşmegen bolsalaif they hadn't spoken |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mensöleşgen bolsam edisöleşgen bolsam edif only I had spoken | sensöleşgen bolsaŋ edisöleşgen bolsaŋ edif only you had spoken | olsöleşgen bolsa edisöleşgen bolsaedif only he had spoken | bizsöleşgen bolsaq edisöleşgen bolsaq edif only we had spoken | sizsöleşgen bolsağız edisöleşgen bolsağız edif only you all had spoken | alasöleşgen bolsala edisöleşgen bolsalaedif only they had spoken |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mensöleşmegen bolsam edisöleşmegen bolsam edif only I hadn't spoken | sensöleşmegen bolsaŋ edisöleşmegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't spoken | olsöleşmegen bolsa edisöleşmegen bolsaedif only he hadn't spoken | bizsöleşmegen bolsaq edisöleşmegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't spoken | sizsöleşmegen bolsağız edisöleşmegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't spoken | alasöleşmegen bolsala edisöleşmegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't spoken |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | mensöleşir esemif I will speak | sensöleşir eseŋif you will speak | olsöleşir eseif he will speak | bizsöleşir esekif we will speak | sizsöleşir esegizif you all will speak | alasöleşir eseleif they will speak |
| Conditional, aorist | mensöleşmez esemif I won't speak | sensöleşmez eseŋif you won't speak | olsöleşmez eseif he won't speak | bizsöleşmez esekif we won't speak | sizsöleşmez esegizif you all won't speak | alasöleşmez eseleif they won't speak |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | mensöleşirik esemif I am going to speak | sensöleşirik eseŋif you are going to speak | olsöleşirik eseif he is going to speak | bizsöleşirik esekif we are going to speak | sizsöleşirik esegizif you all are going to speak | alasöleşirik eseleif they are going to speak |
| Conditional, future | mensöleşirik tül esemif I am not going to speak | sensöleşirik tül eseŋif you are not going to speak | olsöleşirik tül eseif he is not going to speak | bizsöleşirik tül esekif we are not going to speak | sizsöleşirik tül esegizif you all are not going to speak | alasöleşirik tül eseleif they are not going to speak |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mensöleşirik bolsamif I were going to speak | sensöleşirik bolsaŋif you were going to speak | olsöleşirik bolsaif he were going to speak | bizsöleşirik bolsaqif we were going to speak | sizsöleşirik bolsağızif you all were going to speak | alasöleşirik bolsalaif they were going to speak |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mensöleşmezlik bolsamif I were not going to speak | sensöleşmezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to speak | olsöleşmezlik bolsaif he were not going to speak | bizsöleşmezlik bolsaqif we were not going to speak | sizsöleşmezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to speak | alasöleşmezlik bolsalaif they were not going to speak |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso söleşdiŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mensöleşe bolurmaI must be speaking | sensöleşe bolursayou must be speaking | olsöleşe bolurhe must be speaking | bizsöleşe bolurbuzwe must be speaking | sizsöleşe bolursuzyou all must be speaking | alasöleşe bolurlathey must be speaking |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mensöleşmey bolurmaI must not be speaking | sensöleşmey bolursayou must not be speaking | olsöleşmey bolurhe must not be speaking | bizsöleşmey bolurbuzwe must not be speaking | sizsöleşmey bolursuzyou all must not be speaking | alasöleşmey bolurlathey must not be speaking |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mensöleşe tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of speaking | sensöleşe tura bolursayou must be in the middle of speaking | olsöleşe tura bolurhe must be in the middle of speaking | bizsöleşe tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of speaking | sizsöleşe tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of speaking | alasöleşe tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of speaking |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mensöleşmey tura bolurmaI must keep on not speaking | sensöleşmey tura bolursayou must keep on not speaking | olsöleşmey tura bolurhe must keep on not speaking | bizsöleşmey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not speaking | sizsöleşmey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not speaking | alasöleşmey tura bolurlathey must keep on not speaking |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | mensöleşgen bolurmaI must have spoken | sensöleşgen bolursayou must have spoken | olsöleşgen bolurhe must have spoken | bizsöleşgen bolurbuzwe must have spoken | sizsöleşgen bolursuzyou all must have spoken | alasöleşgen bolurlathey must have spoken |
| Inference (must have) | mensöleşmegen bolurmaI must not have spoken | sensöleşmegen bolursayou must not have spoken | olsöleşmegen bolurhe must not have spoken | bizsöleşmegen bolurbuzwe must not have spoken | sizsöleşmegen bolursuzyou all must not have spoken | alasöleşmegen bolurlathey must not have spoken |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mensöleşirik bolurmaI must be going to speak | sensöleşirik bolursayou must be going to speak | olsöleşirik bolurhe must be going to speak | bizsöleşirik bolurbuzwe must be going to speak | sizsöleşirik bolursuzyou all must be going to speak | alasöleşirik bolurlathey must be going to speak |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mensöleşmezlik bolurmaI must not be going to speak | sensöleşmezlik bolursayou must not be going to speak | olsöleşmezlik bolurhe must not be going to speak | bizsöleşmezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to speak | sizsöleşmezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to speak | alasöleşmezlik bolurlathey must not be going to speak |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | mensöleşeyimlet me speak | sensöleş!speak! | olsöleşsinlet him speak | bizsöleşeyiklet's speak | sizsöleşigiz!speak, you all! | alasöleşsinlelet them speak |
| Commands & suggestions | mensöleşmeyimlet me not speak | sensöleşme!don't speak! | olsöleşmesinlet him not speak | bizsöleşmeyiklet's not speak | sizsöleşmegiz!don't speak, you all! | alasöleşmesinlelet them not speak |
| Commands & suggestions | mensöleşeyimmi?shall I speak? | olsöleşsinmi?should he speak? | bizsöleşeyikmi?shall we speak? | alasöleşsinlemi?should they speak? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | mensöleşmeyimmi?shall I not speak? | olsöleşmesinmi?should he not speak? | bizsöleşmeyikmi?shall we not speak? | alasöleşmesinlemi?should they not speak? | ||
| Requests | sensöleşçi2söleşçinplease speak | olsöleşsinçido let him speak | sizsöleşçigizplease speak (plural/polite) | alasöleşsinleçido let them speak | ||
| Requests | sensöleşmeçi2söleşmeçinplease don't speak | olsöleşmesinçido let him not speak | sizsöleşmeçigizplease don't speak (plural/polite) | alasöleşmesinleçido let them not speak | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sensöleşginsöleşgimay you speak | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sensöleşmeginsöleşmegimay you not speak | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mensöleşgey edim söleşge edimwould that I spoke | sensöleşgey ediŋ söleşge ediŋwould that you spoke | olsöleşgey edi söleşge ediwould that he spoke | bizsöleşgey edik söleşge edikwould that we spoke | sizsöleşgey edigiz söleşge edigizwould that you all spoke | alasöleşgey edile söleşge edilewould that they spoke |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mensöleşmegey edim söleşmege edimwould that I did not speak | sensöleşmegey ediŋ söleşmege ediŋwould that you did not speak | olsöleşmegey edi söleşmege ediwould that he did not speak | bizsöleşmegey edik söleşmege edikwould that we did not speak | sizsöleşmegey edigiz söleşmege edigizwould that you all did not speak | alasöleşmegey edile söleşmege edilewould that they did not speak |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | mensöleşmege qoyayımsöleşme qoyayımlet me allow someone to speak | sensöleşmege qoy!söleşme qoy!let someone speak! | olsöleşmege qoysunsöleşme qoysunlet him allow someone to speak | bizsöleşmege qoyayıqsöleşme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to speak | sizsöleşmege qoyuğuz!söleşme qoyuğuz!let someone speak, you all! | alasöleşmege qoysunlasöleşme qoysunlalet them allow someone to speak |
| Let someone… (commands) | mensöleşmege qoymayımsöleşme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to speak | sensöleşmege qoyma!söleşme qoyma!don't let someone speak! | olsöleşmege qoymasınsöleşme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to speak | bizsöleşmege qoymayıqsöleşme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to speak | sizsöleşmege qoymağız!söleşme qoymağız!don't let someone speak, you all! | alasöleşmege qoymasınlasöleşme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to speak |
| Let someone… (commands) | mensöleşmege qoyayımmı?söleşme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to speak? | olsöleşmege qoysunmu?söleşme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to speak? | bizsöleşmege qoyayıqmı?söleşme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to speak? | alasöleşmege qoysunlamı?söleşme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to speak? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | mensöleşmege qoymayımmı?söleşme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to speak? | olsöleşmege qoymasınmı?söleşme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to speak? | bizsöleşmege qoymayıqmı?söleşme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to speak? | alasöleşmege qoymasınlamı?söleşme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to speak? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | mensöleşmege qoyamasöleşme qoyamaI allow someone to speak | sensöleşmege qoyasasöleşme qoyasayou allow someone to speak | olsöleşmege qoyadısöleşme qoyadıhe allows someone to speak | bizsöleşmege qoyabızsöleşme qoyabızwe allow someone to speak | sizsöleşmege qoyasızsöleşme qoyasızyou all allow someone to speak | alasöleşmege qoyadılasöleşme qoyadılathey allow someone to speak |
| Let someone… (present) | mensöleşmege qoymaymasöleşme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to speak | sensöleşmege qoymaysasöleşme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to speak | olsöleşmege qoymaydısöleşme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to speak | bizsöleşmege qoymaybızsöleşme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to speak | sizsöleşmege qoymaysızsöleşme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to speak | alasöleşmege qoymaydılasöleşme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to speak |
| Let someone… (present) | mensöleşmege qoyamamı?söleşme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to speak? | sensöleşmege qoyamısa?söleşme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to speak? | olsöleşmege qoyamıdı?söleşme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to speak? | bizsöleşmege qoyabızmı?söleşme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to speak? | sizsöleşmege qoyamısız?söleşme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to speak? | alasöleşmege qoyamıdıla?söleşme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to speak? |
| Let someone… (present) | mensöleşmege qoymaymamı?söleşme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to speak? | sensöleşmege qoymaymısa?söleşme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to speak? | olsöleşmege qoymaymıdı?söleşme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to speak? | bizsöleşmege qoymaybızmı?söleşme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to speak? | sizsöleşmege qoymaymısız?söleşme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to speak? | alasöleşmege qoymaymıdıla?söleşme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to speak? |
| Let someone… (past) | mensöleşmege qoydumsöleşme qoydumI allowed someone to speak | sensöleşmege qoyduŋsöleşme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to speak | olsöleşmege qoydusöleşme qoyduhe allowed someone to speak | bizsöleşmege qoyduqsöleşme qoyduqwe allowed someone to speak | sizsöleşmege qoyduğuzsöleşme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to speak | alasöleşmege qoydulasöleşme qoydulathey allowed someone to speak |
| Let someone… (past) | mensöleşmege qoymadımsöleşme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to speak | sensöleşmege qoymadıŋsöleşme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to speak | olsöleşmege qoymadısöleşme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to speak | bizsöleşmege qoymadıqsöleşme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to speak | sizsöleşmege qoymadığızsöleşme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to speak | alasöleşmege qoymadılasöleşme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to speak |
| Let someone… (past) | mensöleşmege qoydummu?söleşme qoydummu?did I allow someone to speak? | sensöleşmege qoyduŋmu?söleşme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to speak? | olsöleşmege qoydumu?söleşme qoydumu?did he allow someone to speak? | bizsöleşmege qoyduqmu?söleşme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to speak? | sizsöleşmege qoyduğuzmu?söleşme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to speak? | alasöleşmege qoydulamı?söleşme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to speak? |
| Let someone… (past) | mensöleşmege qoymadımmı?söleşme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to speak? | sensöleşmege qoymadıŋmı?söleşme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to speak? | olsöleşmege qoymadımı?söleşme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to speak? | bizsöleşmege qoymadıqmı?söleşme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to speak? | sizsöleşmege qoymadığızmı?söleşme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to speak? | alasöleşmege qoymadılamı?söleşme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to speak? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
söleşalırğa be able to speak · söleşalmazğa be unable to speak
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | mensöleşalamaI can speak | sensöleşalasayou can speak | olsöleşaladıhe can speak | bizsöleşalabızwe can speak | sizsöleşalasızyou all can speak | alasöleşaladılathey can speak |
| Ability — present | mensöleşalmaymaI can't speak | sensöleşalmaysayou can't speak | olsöleşalmaydıhe can't speak | bizsöleşalmaybızwe can't speak | sizsöleşalmaysızyou all can't speak | alasöleşalmaydılathey can't speak |
| Ability — present | mensöleşalamamı? söleşalamıma?can I speak? | sensöleşalamısa?can you speak? | olsöleşalamıdı?can he speak? | bizsöleşalabızmı? söleşalamıbız?can we speak? | sizsöleşalamısız?can you all speak? | alasöleşalamıdıla?can they speak? |
| Ability — present | mensöleşalmaymamı? söleşalmaymıma?can't I speak? | sensöleşalmaymısa?can't you speak? | olsöleşalmaymıdı?can't he speak? | bizsöleşalmaybızmı? söleşalmaymıbız?can't we speak? | sizsöleşalmaymısız?can't you all speak? | alasöleşalmaymıdıla?can't they speak? |
| Ability — if I can… | mensöleşalsamif I can speak | sensöleşalsaŋif you can speak | olsöleşalsaif he can speak | bizsöleşalsaqif we can speak | sizsöleşalsağızif you all can speak | alasöleşalsalaif they can speak |
| Ability — if I can… | mensöleşalmasamif I can't speak | sensöleşalmasaŋif you can't speak | olsöleşalmasaif he can't speak | bizsöleşalmasaqif we can't speak | sizsöleşalmasağızif you all can't speak | alasöleşalmasalaif they can't speak |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | mensöleşaldımI was able to speak | sensöleşaldıŋyou were able to speak | olsöleşaldıhe was able to speak | bizsöleşaldıqwe were able to speak | sizsöleşaldığızyou all were able to speak | alasöleşaldılathey were able to speak |
| Ability — simple past | mensöleşalmadımI could not speak | sensöleşalmadıŋyou could not speak | olsöleşalmadıhe could not speak | bizsöleşalmadıqwe could not speak | sizsöleşalmadığızyou all could not speak | alasöleşalmadılathey could not speak |
| Ability — simple past | mensöleşaldımmı?was I able to speak? | sensöleşaldıŋmı?were you able to speak? | olsöleşaldımı?was he able to speak? | bizsöleşaldıqmı?were we able to speak? | sizsöleşaldığızmı?were you all able to speak? | alasöleşaldılamı?were they able to speak? |
| Ability — simple past | mensöleşalmadımmı?couldn't I speak? | sensöleşalmadıŋmı?couldn't you speak? | olsöleşalmadımı?couldn't he speak? | bizsöleşalmadıqmı?couldn't we speak? | sizsöleşalmadığızmı?couldn't you all speak? | alasöleşalmadılamı?couldn't they speak? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mensöleşalğanmaI have been able to speak | sensöleşalğansayou have been able to speak | olsöleşalğandıhe has been able to speak | bizsöleşalğanbızwe have been able to speak | sizsöleşalğansızyou all have been able to speak | alasöleşalğandılathey have been able to speak |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mensöleşalmağanmaI haven't been able to speak | sensöleşalmağansayou haven't been able to speak | olsöleşalmağandıhe hasn't been able to speak | bizsöleşalmağanbızwe haven't been able to speak | sizsöleşalmağansızyou all haven't been able to speak | alasöleşalmağandılathey haven't been able to speak |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mensöleşalğanmamı? söleşalğanmıma?have I been able to speak? | sensöleşalğanmısa?have you been able to speak? | olsöleşalğanmıdı?has he been able to speak? | bizsöleşalğanbızmı? söleşalğanmıbız?have we been able to speak? | sizsöleşalğanmısız?have you all been able to speak? | alasöleşalğanmıdıla?have they been able to speak? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mensöleşalmağanmamı? söleşalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to speak? | sensöleşalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to speak? | olsöleşalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to speak? | bizsöleşalmağanbızmı? söleşalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to speak? | sizsöleşalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to speak? | alasöleşalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to speak? |
| Ability — past perfect | mensöleşalğan edimsöleşalğanemI had been able to speak | sensöleşalğan ediŋsöleşalğaneŋyou had been able to speak | olsöleşalğan edisöleşalğanedhe had been able to speak | bizsöleşalğan ediksöleşalğanekwe had been able to speak | sizsöleşalğan edigizsöleşalğanegizyou all had been able to speak | alasöleşalğan edilesöleşalğanellethey had been able to speak |
| Ability — past perfect | mensöleşalmağan edimsöleşalmağanemI hadn't been able to speak | sensöleşalmağan ediŋsöleşalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to speak | olsöleşalmağan edisöleşalmağanedhe hadn't been able to speak | bizsöleşalmağan ediksöleşalmağanekwe hadn't been able to speak | sizsöleşalmağan edigizsöleşalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to speak | alasöleşalmağan edilesöleşalmağanellethey hadn't been able to speak |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | mensöleşala edimsöleşalaemI could speak | sensöleşala ediŋsöleşalaeŋyou could speak | olsöleşala edisöleşalaedhe could speak | bizsöleşala ediksöleşalaekwe could speak | sizsöleşala edigizsöleşalaegizyou all could speak | alasöleşala edilesöleşalaellethey could speak |
| Ability — past background | mensöleşalmay edimsöleşalmayemI could not speak | sensöleşalmay ediŋsöleşalmayeŋyou could not speak | olsöleşalmay edisöleşalmayedhe could not speak | bizsöleşalmay ediksöleşalmayekwe could not speak | sizsöleşalmay edigizsöleşalmayegizyou all could not speak | alasöleşalmay edilesöleşalmayellethey could not speak |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | mensöleşalırmaI will be able to speak | sensöleşalırsayou will be able to speak | olsöleşalırhe will be able to speak | bizsöleşalırbızwe will be able to speak | sizsöleşalırsızyou all will be able to speak | alasöleşalırlathey will be able to speak |
| Ability — future I | mensöleşalmazmaI won't be able to speak | sensöleşalmazsayou won't be able to speak | olsöleşalmazhe won't be able to speak | bizsöleşalmazbızwe won't be able to speak | sizsöleşalmazsızyou all won't be able to speak | alasöleşalmazlathey won't be able to speak |
| Ability — future I | mensöleşalırmamı? söleşalırmıma?will I be able to speak? | sensöleşalırmısa?will you be able to speak? | olsöleşalırmı?will he be able to speak? | bizsöleşalırbızmı? söleşalırmıbız?will we be able to speak? | sizsöleşalırmısız?will you all be able to speak? | alasöleşalırlamı? söleşalırmıla?will they be able to speak? |
| Ability — future I | mensöleşalmazmamı? söleşalmazmıma?won't I be able to speak? | sensöleşalmazmısa?won't you be able to speak? | olsöleşalmazmı?won't he be able to speak? | bizsöleşalmazbızmı? söleşalmazmıbız?won't we be able to speak? | sizsöleşalmazmısız?won't you all be able to speak? | alasöleşalmazlamı? söleşalmazmıla?won't they be able to speak? |
| Ability — future II | mensöleşallıqmaI am going to be able to speak | sensöleşallıqsayou are going to be able to speak | olsöleşallıqdıhe is going to be able to speak | bizsöleşallıqbızwe are going to be able to speak | sizsöleşallıqsızyou all are going to be able to speak | alasöleşallıqdılathey are going to be able to speak |
| Ability — future II | mensöleşallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to speak | sensöleşallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to speak | olsöleşallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to speak | bizsöleşallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to speak | sizsöleşallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to speak | alasöleşallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to speak |
| Ability — future II | mensöleşallıqmamı? söleşallıqmıma?am I going to be able to speak? | sensöleşallıqmısa?are you going to be able to speak? | olsöleşallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to speak? | bizsöleşallıqbızmı? söleşallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to speak? | sizsöleşallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to speak? | alasöleşallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to speak? |
| Ability — future II | mensöleşallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to speak? | sensöleşallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to speak? | olsöleşallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to speak? | bizsöleşallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to speak? | sizsöleşallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to speak? | alasöleşallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to speak? |
| Ability — would be able to… | mensöleşalır edimsöleşalır emI would be able to speak | sensöleşalır ediŋsöleşalır eŋyou would be able to speak | olsöleşalır edisöleşalır edhe would be able to speak | bizsöleşalır ediksöleşalır ekwe would be able to speak | sizsöleşalır edigizsöleşalır egizyou all would be able to speak | alasöleşalır edilesöleşalır ellethey would be able to speak |
| Ability — would be able to… | mensöleşalmaz edimsöleşalmaz emI wouldn't be able to speak | sensöleşalmaz ediŋsöleşalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to speak | olsöleşalmaz edisöleşalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to speak | bizsöleşalmaz ediksöleşalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to speak | sizsöleşalmaz edigizsöleşalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to speak | alasöleşalmaz edilesöleşalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to speak |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sensöleşalğınsöleşalğımay you be able to speak | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sensöleşalmağınsöleşalmağımay you not be able to speak | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | mensöleşirge izleymeI want to speak | sensöleşirge izleyseyou want to speak | olsöleşirge izleydihe wants to speak | bizsöleşirge izleybizwe want to speak | sizsöleşirge izleysizyou all want to speak | alasöleşirge izleydilethey want to speak |
| want to | mensöleşirge izlemeymeI do not want to speak | sensöleşirge izlemeyseyou do not want to speak | olsöleşirge izlemeydihe does not want to speak | bizsöleşirge izlemeybizwe do not want to speak | sizsöleşirge izlemeysizyou all do not want to speak | alasöleşirge izlemeydilethey do not want to speak |
| would like to | mensöleşirge süemeI would like to speak | sensöleşirge süeseyou would like to speak | olsöleşirge süedihe would like to speak | bizsöleşirge süebizwe would like to speak | sizsöleşirge süesizyou all would like to speak | alasöleşirge süedilethey would like to speak |
| would like to | mensöleşirge süymeymeI would not like to speak | sensöleşirge süymeyseyou would not like to speak | olsöleşirge süymeydihe would not like to speak | bizsöleşirge süymeybizwe would not like to speak | sizsöleşirge süymeysizyou all would not like to speak | alasöleşirge süymeydilethey would not like to speak |
| hope to | mensöleşirge umutlanamaI hope to speak | sensöleşirge umutlanasayou hope to speak | olsöleşirge umutlanadıhe hopes to speak | bizsöleşirge umutlanabızwe hope to speak | sizsöleşirge umutlanasızyou all hope to speak | alasöleşirge umutlanadılathey hope to speak |
| hope to | mensöleşirge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to speak | sensöleşirge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to speak | olsöleşirge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to speak | bizsöleşirge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to speak | sizsöleşirge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to speak | alasöleşirge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to speak |
| be about to | mensöleşirge deb turamaI am about to speak | sensöleşirge deb turasayou are about to speak | olsöleşirge deb turadıhe is about to speak | bizsöleşirge deb turabızwe are about to speak | sizsöleşirge deb turasızyou all are about to speak | alasöleşirge deb turadılathey are about to speak |
| be about to | mensöleşirge deb turmaymaI am not about to speak | sensöleşirge deb turmaysayou are not about to speak | olsöleşirge deb turmaydıhe is not about to speak | bizsöleşirge deb turmaybızwe are not about to speak | sizsöleşirge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to speak | alasöleşirge deb turmaydılathey are not about to speak |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | mensöleşirge kerekmeI need to speak | sensöleşirge kerekseyou need to speak | olsöleşirge kerekdihe needs to speak | bizsöleşirge kerekbizwe need to speak | sizsöleşirge kereksizyou all need to speak | alasöleşirge kerekdilethey need to speak |
| need to | mensöleşirge kerek tülmeI do not need to speak | sensöleşirge kerek tülseyou do not need to speak | olsöleşirge kerek tüldühe does not need to speak | bizsöleşirge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to speak | sizsöleşirge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to speak | alasöleşirge kerek tüldülethey do not need to speak |
| have to | menmenŋe söleşirge tüşediI have to speak | sensenŋe söleşirge tüşediyou have to speak | olaŋa söleşirge tüşedihe has to speak | bizbizge söleşirge tüşediwe have to speak | sizsizge söleşirge tüşediyou all have to speak | alaalağa söleşirge tüşedithey have to speak |
| have to | menmenŋe söleşirge tüşmeydiI do not have to speak | sensenŋe söleşirge tüşmeydiyou do not have to speak | olaŋa söleşirge tüşmeydihe does not have to speak | bizbizge söleşirge tüşmeydiwe do not have to speak | sizsizge söleşirge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to speak | alaalağa söleşirge tüşmeydithey do not have to speak |
| be obliged to | mensöleşirge borçlumaI am obliged to speak | sensöleşirge borçlusayou are obliged to speak | olsöleşirge borçluduhe is obliged to speak | bizsöleşirge borçlubuzwe are obliged to speak | sizsöleşirge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to speak | alasöleşirge borçludulathey are obliged to speak |
| be obliged to | mensöleşirge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to speak | sensöleşirge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to speak | olsöleşirge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to speak | bizsöleşirge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to speak | sizsöleşirge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to speak | alasöleşirge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to speak |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | mensöleşirge madarım bardıI have a way to speak | sensöleşirge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to speak | olsöleşirge madarı bardıhe has a way to speak | bizsöleşirge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to speak | sizsöleşirge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to speak | alasöleşirge madarları bardıthey have a way to speak |
| have a way to | mensöleşirge madarım joqduI have no way to speak | sensöleşirge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to speak | olsöleşirge madarı joqduhe has no way to speak | bizsöleşirge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to speak | sizsöleşirge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to speak | alasöleşirge madarları joqduthey have no way to speak |
| be free to | mensöleşirge erkinligim bardıI am free to speak | sensöleşirge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to speak | olsöleşirge erkinligi bardıhe is free to speak | bizsöleşirge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to speak | sizsöleşirge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to speak | alasöleşirge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to speak |
| be free to | mensöleşirge erkinligim joqduI am not free to speak | sensöleşirge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to speak | olsöleşirge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to speak | bizsöleşirge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to speak | sizsöleşirge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to speak | alasöleşirge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to speak |
| be possible to | menmenŋe söleşirge bolluqduit is possible for me to speak | sensenŋe söleşirge bolluqduit is possible for you to speak | olaŋa söleşirge bolluqduit is possible for him to speak | bizbizge söleşirge bolluqduit is possible for us to speak | sizsizge söleşirge bolluqduit is possible for you all to speak | alaalağa söleşirge bolluqduit is possible for them to speak |
| be possible to | menmenŋe söleşirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to speak | sensenŋe söleşirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to speak | olaŋa söleşirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to speak | bizbizge söleşirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to speak | sizsizge söleşirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to speak | alaalağa söleşirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to speak |
| be ready to | mensöleşirge hazırmaI am ready to speak | sensöleşirge hazırsayou are ready to speak | olsöleşirge hazırdıhe is ready to speak | bizsöleşirge hazırbızwe are ready to speak | sizsöleşirge hazırsızyou all are ready to speak | alasöleşirge hazırdılathey are ready to speak |
| be ready to | mensöleşirge hazır tülmeI am not ready to speak | sensöleşirge hazır tülseyou are not ready to speak | olsöleşirge hazır tüldühe is not ready to speak | bizsöleşirge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to speak | sizsöleşirge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to speak | alasöleşirge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to speak |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | mensöleşirge küreşemeI am trying to speak | sensöleşirge küreşeseyou are trying to speak | olsöleşirge küreşedihe is trying to speak | bizsöleşirge küreşebizwe are trying to speak | sizsöleşirge küreşesizyou all are trying to speak | alasöleşirge küreşedilethey are trying to speak |
| try to | mensöleşirge küreşmeymeI am not trying to speak | sensöleşirge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to speak | olsöleşirge küreşmeydihe is not trying to speak | bizsöleşirge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to speak | sizsöleşirge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to speak | alasöleşirge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to speak |
| agree to | mensöleşirge unaymaI agree to speak | sensöleşirge unaysayou agree to speak | olsöleşirge unaydıhe agrees to speak | bizsöleşirge unaybızwe agree to speak | sizsöleşirge unaysızyou all agree to speak | alasöleşirge unaydılathey agree to speak |
| agree to | mensöleşirge unamaymaI refuse to speak | sensöleşirge unamaysayou refuse to speak | olsöleşirge unamaydıhe refuses to speak | bizsöleşirge unamaybızwe refuse to speak | sizsöleşirge unamaysızyou all refuse to speak | alasöleşirge unamaydılathey refuse to speak |
| hurry to | mensöleşirge aşığamaI am in a hurry to speak | sensöleşirge aşığasayou are in a hurry to speak | olsöleşirge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to speak | bizsöleşirge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to speak | sizsöleşirge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to speak | alasöleşirge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to speak |
| hurry to | mensöleşirge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to speak | sensöleşirge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to speak | olsöleşirge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to speak | bizsöleşirge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to speak | sizsöleşirge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to speak | alasöleşirge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to speak |
| be afraid to | mensöleşirge qorqamaI am afraid to speak | sensöleşirge qorqasayou are afraid to speak | olsöleşirge qorqadıhe is afraid to speak | bizsöleşirge qorqabızwe are afraid to speak | sizsöleşirge qorqasızyou all are afraid to speak | alasöleşirge qorqadılathey are afraid to speak |
| be afraid to | mensöleşirge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to speak | sensöleşirge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to speak | olsöleşirge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to speak | bizsöleşirge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to speak | sizsöleşirge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to speak | alasöleşirge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to speak |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | mensöleşe bolmazmaI can't be speaking | sensöleşe bolmazsayou can't be speaking | olsöleşe bolmazhe can't be speaking | bizsöleşe bolmazbızwe can't be speaking | sizsöleşe bolmazsızyou all can't be speaking | alasöleşe bolmazlathey can't be speaking |
| Inference, present — double negation | mensöleşmey bolmazmaI must be speaking (emphatic) | sensöleşmey bolmazsayou must be speaking (emphatic) | olsöleşmey bolmazhe must be speaking (emphatic) | bizsöleşmey bolmazbızwe must be speaking (emphatic) | sizsöleşmey bolmazsızyou all must be speaking (emphatic) | alasöleşmey bolmazlathey must be speaking (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | mensöleşe turmasamif I don't keep speaking | sensöleşe turmasaŋif you don't keep speaking | olsöleşe turmasaif he doesn't keep speaking | bizsöleşe turmasaqif we don't keep speaking | sizsöleşe turmasağızif you all don't keep speaking | alasöleşe turmasalaif they don't keep speaking |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | mensöleşe tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of speaking | sensöleşe tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of speaking | olsöleşe tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of speaking | bizsöleşe tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of speaking | sizsöleşe tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of speaking | alasöleşe tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of speaking |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | mensöleşmey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not speaking (emphatic) | sensöleşmey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not speaking (emphatic) | olsöleşmey tura bolmazhe must keep on not speaking (emphatic) | bizsöleşmey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not speaking (emphatic) | sizsöleşmey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not speaking (emphatic) | alasöleşmey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not speaking (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | mensöleşmey turamaI keep on not speaking | sensöleşmey turasayou keep on not speaking | olsöleşmey turadıhe keeps on not speaking | bizsöleşmey turabızwe keep on not speaking | sizsöleşmey turasızyou all keep on not speaking | alasöleşmey turadılathey keep on not speaking |
| Progressive — double negation | mensöleşmey turmaymaI am not keeping on not speaking | sensöleşmey turmaysayou are not keeping on not speaking | olsöleşmey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not speaking | bizsöleşmey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not speaking | sizsöleşmey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not speaking | alasöleşmey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not speaking |
| Progressive — double negation | mensöleşmey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not speaking? | sensöleşmey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not speaking? | olsöleşmey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not speaking? | bizsöleşmey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not speaking? | sizsöleşmey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not speaking? | alasöleşmey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not speaking? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | mensöleşgen bolmazmaI can't have spoken | sensöleşgen bolmazsayou can't have spoken | olsöleşgen bolmazhe can't have spoken | bizsöleşgen bolmazbızwe can't have spoken | sizsöleşgen bolmazsızyou all can't have spoken | alasöleşgen bolmazlathey can't have spoken |
| Inference — double negation | mensöleşmegen bolmazmaI must have spoken (emphatic) | sensöleşmegen bolmazsayou must have spoken (emphatic) | olsöleşmegen bolmazhe must have spoken (emphatic) | bizsöleşmegen bolmazbızwe must have spoken (emphatic) | sizsöleşmegen bolmazsızyou all must have spoken (emphatic) | alasöleşmegen bolmazlathey must have spoken (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | mensöleşgen bolmasamif it weren't that I had spoken | sensöleşgen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had spoken | olsöleşgen bolmasaif it weren't that he had spoken | bizsöleşgen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had spoken | sizsöleşgen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had spoken | alasöleşgen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had spoken |
| Counterfactual — double negation | mensöleşmegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't spoken | sensöleşmegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't spoken | olsöleşmegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't spoken | bizsöleşmegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't spoken | sizsöleşmegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't spoken | alasöleşmegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't spoken |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | mensöleşirik bolmazmaI can't be going to speak | sensöleşirik bolmazsayou can't be going to speak | olsöleşirik bolmazhe can't be going to speak | bizsöleşirik bolmazbızwe can't be going to speak | sizsöleşirik bolmazsızyou all can't be going to speak | alasöleşirik bolmazlathey can't be going to speak |
| Inference, future — double negation | mensöleşmezlik bolmazmaI must be going to speak (emphatic) | sensöleşmezlik bolmazsayou must be going to speak (emphatic) | olsöleşmezlik bolmazhe must be going to speak (emphatic) | bizsöleşmezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to speak (emphatic) | sizsöleşmezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to speak (emphatic) | alasöleşmezlik bolmazlathey must be going to speak (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | mensöleşirik bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to speak | sensöleşirik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to speak | olsöleşirik bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to speak | bizsöleşirik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to speak | sizsöleşirik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to speak | alasöleşirik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to speak |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | mensöleşmezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to speak | sensöleşmezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to speak | olsöleşmezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to speak | bizsöleşmezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to speak | sizsöleşmezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to speak | alasöleşmezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to speak |