derge
/derɡe/
1. say, speak
- ne deyse? — what are you saying?
- juq da demeyme — I am not saying anything
- kel degeniŋde keldim — when you said come, I came
- tebregiz degenni aytdım — I said that they should set off
- dewçen edi — he used to say
- ketgendi degiz — say that he has left
- oğay derge — to say no, to refuse
- erşidi derge jaramaz — one cannot say that he is ugly
2. think, suppose
- ol bügün kelir deymise? — do you think he will come today?
- oğay, kelir demeyme — no, I do not think he will come
- nença sağat bolğan bolur deyse? — what time do you think it is?
- beş sağat bolğan bolur deyme — I think it must be five o'clock
3. consider, take for
- anı qarnaşıŋdı deb tura edim — I took him for your brother
- senŋe Leyladı derge başlağan edim — I nearly took you for Leyla
- sen bolursa deb qarayma — I look, thinking it must be you
- tuwğan qarnaşlabız deb tururğa — to consider ourselves brothers by birth
4. call, be called
- mınŋa ne deydile? — what is this called?
- anŋa ne deydile? — what do they call that?
- anŋa Aslan deydile — they call him Aslan
- bu ağaçha ne deysiz? — what do you call this tree?
5. utter, make a sound (with an interjection or imitative word) — Combines with an interjection or imitative word to make a verb of sound, as in ah derge gasp or ıh derge groan.
- ah derge — to gasp
- ıh derge — to groan
- oy derge — to respond, to answer a call
- otha uf derge — to blow on the fire
- tawuqğa üş derge — to shoo the chicken away
Expressions
- ataŋ-anaŋ demezge — never speak abusively
- kimdi oldu derça — widely respected person
- ne alay-bılay deseŋ da — whatever you say
- ne deseŋ da — in any case
Conjugation
Common forms
- deydihe is saying
- dedihe said
- degendihe has said
- derhe will say
- derikdihe is going to say
- dey edihe was saying
- deseif he says
- de!say!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | mendeymeI am saying | sendeyseyou are saying | oldeydihe is saying | bizdeybizwe are saying | sizdeysizyou all are saying | aladeydilethey are saying |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mendemeymeI am not saying | sendemeyseyou are not saying | oldemeydihe is not saying | bizdemeybizwe are not saying | sizdemeysizyou all are not saying | alademeydilethey are not saying |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mendeymemi? deymime?am I saying? | sendeymise?are you saying? | oldeymidi?is he saying? | bizdeybizmi? deymibiz?are we saying? | sizdeymisiz?are you all saying? | aladeymidile?are they saying? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mendemeymemi? demeymime?aren't I saying? | sendemeymise?aren't you saying? | oldemeymidi?isn't he saying? | bizdemeybizmi? demeymibiz?aren't we saying? | sizdemeymisiz?aren't you all saying? | alademeymidile?aren't they saying? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mendewçenmeI usually say | sendewçenseyou usually say | oldewçendihe usually says | bizdewçenbizwe usually say | sizdewçensizyou all usually say | aladewçendilethey usually say |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mendemewçenmeI usually don't say | sendemewçenseyou usually don't say | oldemewçendihe usually doesn't say | bizdemewçenbizwe usually don't say | sizdemewçensizyou all usually don't say | alademewçendilethey usually don't say |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mendewçenmemi? dewçenmime?do I usually say? | sendewçenmise?do you usually say? | oldewçenmidi?does he usually say? | bizdewçenbizmi? dewçenmibiz?do we usually say? | sizdewçenmisiz?do you all usually say? | aladewçenmidile?do they usually say? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mendemewçenmemi? demewçenmime?do I usually not say? | sendemewçenmise?do you usually not say? | oldemewçenmidi?does he usually not say? | bizdemewçenbizmi? demewçenmibiz?do we usually not say? | sizdemewçenmisiz?do you all usually not say? | alademewçenmidile?do they usually not say? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oldebdihe has said and remains so | aladebdilethey have said and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oldebmidi?has he said? | aladebmidile?have they said? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | mendeb turamaI keep saying | sendeb turasayou keep saying | oldeb turadıhe keeps saying | bizdeb turabızwe keep saying | sizdeb turasızyou all keep saying | aladeb turadılathey keep saying |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mendeb turmaymaI don't keep saying | sendeb turmaysayou don't keep saying | oldeb turmaydıhe doesn't keep saying | bizdeb turmaybızwe don't keep saying | sizdeb turmaysızyou all don't keep saying | aladeb turmaydılathey don't keep saying |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mendeb turamamı? deb turamıma?do I keep saying? | sendeb turamısa?do you keep saying? | oldeb turamıdı?does he keep saying? | bizdeb turabızmı? deb turamıbız?do we keep saying? | sizdeb turamısız?do you all keep saying? | aladeb turamıdıla?do they keep saying? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mendeb turmaymamı? deb turmaymıma?don't I keep saying? | sendeb turmaymısa?don't you keep saying? | oldeb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep saying? | bizdeb turmaybızmı? deb turmaymıbız?don't we keep saying? | sizdeb turmaymısız?don't you all keep saying? | aladeb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep saying? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mendey turamaI am in the middle of saying | sendey turasayou are in the middle of saying | oldey turadıhe is in the middle of saying | bizdey turabızwe are in the middle of saying | sizdey turasızyou all are in the middle of saying | aladey turadılathey are in the middle of saying |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mendey turmaymaI am not in the middle of saying | sendey turmaysayou are not in the middle of saying | oldey turmaydıhe is not in the middle of saying | bizdey turmaybızwe are not in the middle of saying | sizdey turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of saying | aladey turmaydılathey are not in the middle of saying |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mendey turamamı? dey turamıma?am I in the middle of saying? | sendey turamısa?are you in the middle of saying? | oldey turamıdı?is he in the middle of saying? | bizdey turabızmı? dey turamıbız?are we in the middle of saying? | sizdey turamısız?are you all in the middle of saying? | aladey turamıdıla?are they in the middle of saying? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mendey turmaymamı? dey turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of saying? | sendey turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of saying? | oldey turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of saying? | bizdey turmaybızmı? dey turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of saying? | sizdey turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of saying? | aladey turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of saying? |
| Simple past (definite) | mendedimI said | sendediŋyou said | oldedihe said | bizdedikwe said | sizdedigizyou all said | aladedilethey said |
| Simple past (definite) | mendemedimI didn't say | sendemediŋyou didn't say | oldemedihe didn't say | bizdemedikwe didn't say | sizdemedigizyou all didn't say | alademedilethey didn't say |
| Simple past (definite) | mendedimmi?did I say? | sendediŋmi?did you say? | oldedimi?did he say? | bizdedikmi?did we say? | sizdedigizmi?did you all say? | aladedilemi?did they say? |
| Simple past (definite) | mendemedimmi?didn't I say? | sendemediŋmi?didn't you say? | oldemedimi?didn't he say? | bizdemedikmi?didn't we say? | sizdemedigizmi?didn't you all say? | alademedilemi?didn't they say? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mendegenmeI have said | sendegenseyou have said | oldegendihe has said | bizdegenbizwe have said | sizdegensizyou all have said | aladegendilethey have said |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mendemegenmeI haven't said | sendemegenseyou haven't said | oldemegendihe hasn't said | bizdemegenbizwe haven't said | sizdemegensizyou all haven't said | alademegendilethey haven't said |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mendegenmemi? degenmime?have I said? | sendegenmise?have you said? | oldegenmidi?has he said? | bizdegenbizmi? degenmibiz?have we said? | sizdegenmisiz?have you all said? | aladegenmidile?have they said? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mendemegenmemi? demegenmime?haven't I said? | sendemegenmise?haven't you said? | oldemegenmidi?hasn't he said? | bizdemegenbizmi? demegenmibiz?haven't we said? | sizdemegenmisiz?haven't you all said? | alademegenmidile?haven't they said? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mendeb turdumI kept saying | sendeb turduŋyou kept saying | oldeb turduhe kept saying | bizdeb turduqwe kept saying | sizdeb turduğuzyou all kept saying | aladeb turdulathey kept saying |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mendeb turmadımI didn't keep saying | sendeb turmadıŋyou didn't keep saying | oldeb turmadıhe didn't keep saying | bizdeb turmadıqwe didn't keep saying | sizdeb turmadığızyou all didn't keep saying | aladeb turmadılathey didn't keep saying |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | mendermeI will say | senderseyou will say | olderhe will say | bizderbizwe will say | sizdersizyou all will say | aladerlethey will say |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mendemezmeI won't say | sendemezseyou won't say | oldemezhe won't say | bizdemezbizwe won't say | sizdemezsizyou all won't say | alademezlethey won't say |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mendermemi? dermime?will I say? | sendermise?will you say? | oldermi?will he say? | bizderbizmi? dermibiz?will we say? | sizdermisiz?will you all say? | aladerlemi? dermile?will they say? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mendemezmemi? demezmime?won't I say? | sendemezmise?won't you say? | oldemezmi?won't he say? | bizdemezbizmi? demezmibiz?won't we say? | sizdemezmisiz?won't you all say? | alademezlemi? demezmile?won't they say? |
| Definite future (future II) | menderikmeI am going to say | senderikseyou are going to say | olderikdihe is going to say | bizderikbizwe are going to say | sizderiksizyou all are going to say | aladerikdilethey are going to say |
| Definite future (future II) | menderik tülmeI am not going to say | senderik tülseyou are not going to say | olderik tüldühe is not going to say | bizderik tülbüzwe are not going to say | sizderik tülsüzyou all are not going to say | aladerik tüldülethey are not going to say |
| Definite future (future II) | menderikmemi? derikmime?am I going to say? | senderikmise?are you going to say? | olderikmidi?is he going to say? | bizderikbizmi? derikmibiz?are we going to say? | sizderikmisiz?are you all going to say? | aladerikmidile?are they going to say? |
| Definite future (future II) | menderik tülmüme?aren't I going to say? | senderik tülmüse?aren't you going to say? | olderik tülmüdü?isn't he going to say? | bizderik tülmübüz?aren't we going to say? | sizderik tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to say? | aladerik tülmüdüle?aren't they going to say? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mendegen edimdegenemI had said | sendegen ediŋdegeneŋyou had said | oldegen edidegenedhe had said | bizdegen edikdegenekwe had said | sizdegen edigizdegenegizyou all had said | aladegen ediledegenellethey had said |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mendemegen edimdemegenemI hadn't said | sendemegen ediŋdemegeneŋyou hadn't said | oldemegen edidemegenedhe hadn't said | bizdemegen edikdemegenekwe hadn't said | sizdemegen edigizdemegenegizyou all hadn't said | alademegen ediledemegenellethey hadn't said |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mendey edimdeyemI was saying | sendey ediŋdeyeŋyou were saying | oldey edideyedhe was saying | bizdey edikdeyekwe were saying | sizdey edigizdeyegizyou all were saying | aladey ediledeyellethey were saying |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mendemey edimdemeyemI wasn't saying | sendemey ediŋdemeyeŋyou weren't saying | oldemey edidemeyedhe wasn't saying | bizdemey edikdemeyekwe weren't saying | sizdemey edigizdemeyegizyou all weren't saying | alademey ediledemeyellethey weren't saying |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | mendewçen edimdewçenemI used to say | sendewçen ediŋdewçeneŋyou used to say | oldewçen edidewçenedhe used to say | bizdewçen edikdewçenekwe used to say | sizdewçen edigizdewçenegizyou all used to say | aladewçen ediledewçenellethey used to say |
| Habitual past (used to) | mendemewçen edimdemewçenemI didn't use to say | sendemewçen ediŋdemewçeneŋyou didn't use to say | oldemewçen edidemewçenedhe didn't use to say | bizdemewçen edikdemewçenekwe didn't use to say | sizdemewçen edigizdemewçenegizyou all didn't use to say | alademewçen ediledemewçenellethey didn't use to say |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oldeb edihe had said and remained so | aladeb edilethey had said and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oldeb tül edihe hadn't said | aladeb tül edilethey hadn't said | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mendeb tura edimdeb turaemI had kept saying | sendeb tura ediŋdeb turaeŋyou had kept saying | oldeb tura edideb turaedhe had kept saying | bizdeb tura edikdeb turaekwe had kept saying | sizdeb tura edigizdeb turaegizyou all had kept saying | aladeb tura ediledeb turaellethey had kept saying |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mendeb turmay edimdeb turmayemI hadn't kept saying | sendeb turmay ediŋdeb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept saying | oldeb turmay edideb turmayedhe hadn't kept saying | bizdeb turmay edikdeb turmayekwe hadn't kept saying | sizdeb turmay edigizdeb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept saying | aladeb turmay ediledeb turmayellethey hadn't kept saying |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mendey tura edimdey turaemI was in the middle of saying | sendey tura ediŋdey turaeŋyou were in the middle of saying | oldey tura edidey turaedhe was in the middle of saying | bizdey tura edikdey turaekwe were in the middle of saying | sizdey tura edigizdey turaegizyou all were in the middle of saying | aladey tura ediledey turaellethey were in the middle of saying |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mendey turmay edimdey turmayemI wasn't in the middle of saying | sendey turmay ediŋdey turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of saying | oldey turmay edidey turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of saying | bizdey turmay edikdey turmayekwe weren't in the middle of saying | sizdey turmay edigizdey turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of saying | aladey turmay ediledey turmayellethey weren't in the middle of saying |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | mender edimder emI would say | sender ediŋder eŋyou would say | older edider edhe would say | bizder edikder ekwe would say | sizder edigizder egizyou all would say | alader edileder ellethey would say |
| Conditional result (would) | mendemez edimdemez emI wouldn't say | sendemez ediŋdemez eŋyou wouldn't say | oldemez edidemez edhe wouldn't say | bizdemez edikdemez ekwe wouldn't say | sizdemez edigizdemez egizyou all wouldn't say | alademez ediledemez ellethey wouldn't say |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menderik edimderik emI would have said | senderik ediŋderik eŋyou would have said | olderik ediderik edhe would have said | bizderik edikderik ekwe would have said | sizderik edigizderik egizyou all would have said | aladerik edilederik ellethey would have said |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menderik tül edimderik tül emI wouldn't have said | senderik tül ediŋderik tül eŋyou wouldn't have said | olderik tül ediderik tül edhe wouldn't have said | bizderik tül edikderik tül ekwe wouldn't have said | sizderik tül edigizderik tül egizyou all wouldn't have said | aladerik tül edilederik tül ellethey wouldn't have said |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | mendesemif I say | sendeseŋif you say | oldeseif he says | bizdesekif we say | sizdesegizif you all say | aladeseleif they say |
| Conditional | mendemesemif I don't say | sendemeseŋif you don't say | oldemeseif he doesn't say | bizdemesekif we don't say | sizdemesegizif you all don't say | alademeseleif they don't say |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | mendey esemif I am saying | sendey eseŋif you are saying | oldey eseif he is saying | bizdey esekif we are saying | sizdey esegizif you all are saying | aladey eseleif they are saying |
| Conditional, present real | mendemey esemif I am not saying | sendemey eseŋif you are not saying | oldemey eseif he is not saying | bizdemey esekif we are not saying | sizdemey esegizif you all are not saying | alademey eseleif they are not saying |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mendesem edidesem edif only I said | sendeseŋ edideseŋ edif only you said | oldese edidesedif only he said | bizdesek edidesek edif only we said | sizdesegiz edidesegiz edif only you all said | aladesele edideseledif only they said |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mendemesem edidemesem edif only I didn't say | sendemeseŋ edidemeseŋ edif only you didn't say | oldemese edidemesedif only he didn't say | bizdemesek edidemesek edif only we didn't say | sizdemesegiz edidemesegiz edif only you all didn't say | alademesele edidemeseledif only they didn't say |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | mendeb tursamif I carry on saying | sendeb tursaŋif you carry on saying | oldeb tursaif he carries on saying | bizdeb tursaqif we carry on saying | sizdeb tursağızif you all carry on saying | aladeb tursalaif they carry on saying |
| Durative conditional | mendeb turmasamif I don't carry on saying | sendeb turmasaŋif you don't carry on saying | oldeb turmasaif he doesn't carry on saying | bizdeb turmasaqif we don't carry on saying | sizdeb turmasağızif you all don't carry on saying | aladeb turmasalaif they don't carry on saying |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | mendeb tura esemif I have kept saying | sendeb tura eseŋif you have kept saying | oldeb tura eseif he has kept saying | bizdeb tura esekif we have kept saying | sizdeb tura esegizif you all have kept saying | aladeb tura eseleif they have kept saying |
| Durative conditional, present real | mendeb turmay esemif I haven't kept saying | sendeb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept saying | oldeb turmay eseif he hasn't kept saying | bizdeb turmay esekif we haven't kept saying | sizdeb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept saying | aladeb turmay eseleif they haven't kept saying |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | mendey tursamif I keep saying | sendey tursaŋif you keep saying | oldey tursaif he keeps saying | bizdey tursaqif we keep saying | sizdey tursağızif you all keep saying | aladey tursalaif they keep saying |
| Progressive conditional | mendemey tursamif I keep on not saying | sendemey tursaŋif you keep on not saying | oldemey tursaif he keeps on not saying | bizdemey tursaqif we keep on not saying | sizdemey tursağızif you all keep on not saying | alademey tursalaif they keep on not saying |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | mendey tura esemif I am in the middle of saying | sendey tura eseŋif you are in the middle of saying | oldey tura eseif he is in the middle of saying | bizdey tura esekif we are in the middle of saying | sizdey tura esegizif you all are in the middle of saying | aladey tura eseleif they are in the middle of saying |
| Progressive conditional, present real | mendemey tura esemif I keep on not saying | sendemey tura eseŋif you keep on not saying | oldemey tura eseif he keeps on not saying | bizdemey tura esekif we keep on not saying | sizdemey tura esegizif you all keep on not saying | alademey tura eseleif they keep on not saying |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | mendedim esemif I said | sendediŋ eseŋif you said | oldedi eseif he said | bizdedik esekif we said | sizdedigiz esegizif you all said | aladedile eseleif they said |
| Conditional, definite past1 | mendemedim esemif I didn't say | sendemediŋ eseŋif you didn't say | oldemedi eseif he didn't say | bizdemedik esekif we didn't say | sizdemedigiz esegizif you all didn't say | alademedile eseleif they didn't say |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | mendegen esemif I did say (indeed) | sendegen eseŋif you did say (indeed) | oldegen eseif he did say (indeed) | bizdegen esekif we did say (indeed) | sizdegen esegizif you all did say (indeed) | aladegen eseleif they did say (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | mendemegen esemif I didn't say (indeed) | sendemegen eseŋif you didn't say (indeed) | oldemegen eseif he didn't say (indeed) | bizdemegen esekif we didn't say (indeed) | sizdemegen esegizif you all didn't say (indeed) | alademegen eseleif they didn't say (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | mendegen bolsamif I had said | sendegen bolsaŋif you had said | oldegen bolsaif he had said | bizdegen bolsaqif we had said | sizdegen bolsağızif you all had said | aladegen bolsalaif they had said |
| Conditional, counterfactual | mendemegen bolsamif I hadn't said | sendemegen bolsaŋif you hadn't said | oldemegen bolsaif he hadn't said | bizdemegen bolsaqif we hadn't said | sizdemegen bolsağızif you all hadn't said | alademegen bolsalaif they hadn't said |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mendegen bolsam edidegen bolsam edif only I had said | sendegen bolsaŋ edidegen bolsaŋ edif only you had said | oldegen bolsa edidegen bolsaedif only he had said | bizdegen bolsaq edidegen bolsaq edif only we had said | sizdegen bolsağız edidegen bolsağız edif only you all had said | aladegen bolsala edidegen bolsalaedif only they had said |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mendemegen bolsam edidemegen bolsam edif only I hadn't said | sendemegen bolsaŋ edidemegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't said | oldemegen bolsa edidemegen bolsaedif only he hadn't said | bizdemegen bolsaq edidemegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't said | sizdemegen bolsağız edidemegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't said | alademegen bolsala edidemegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't said |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | mender esemif I will say | sender eseŋif you will say | older eseif he will say | bizder esekif we will say | sizder esegizif you all will say | alader eseleif they will say |
| Conditional, aorist | mendemez esemif I won't say | sendemez eseŋif you won't say | oldemez eseif he won't say | bizdemez esekif we won't say | sizdemez esegizif you all won't say | alademez eseleif they won't say |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menderik esemif I am going to say | senderik eseŋif you are going to say | olderik eseif he is going to say | bizderik esekif we are going to say | sizderik esegizif you all are going to say | aladerik eseleif they are going to say |
| Conditional, future | menderik tül esemif I am not going to say | senderik tül eseŋif you are not going to say | olderik tül eseif he is not going to say | bizderik tül esekif we are not going to say | sizderik tül esegizif you all are not going to say | aladerik tül eseleif they are not going to say |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menderik bolsamif I were going to say | senderik bolsaŋif you were going to say | olderik bolsaif he were going to say | bizderik bolsaqif we were going to say | sizderik bolsağızif you all were going to say | aladerik bolsalaif they were going to say |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mendemezlik bolsamif I were not going to say | sendemezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to say | oldemezlik bolsaif he were not going to say | bizdemezlik bolsaqif we were not going to say | sizdemezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to say | alademezlik bolsalaif they were not going to say |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso dediŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mendey bolurmaI must be saying | sendey bolursayou must be saying | oldey bolurhe must be saying | bizdey bolurbuzwe must be saying | sizdey bolursuzyou all must be saying | aladey bolurlathey must be saying |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mendemey bolurmaI must not be saying | sendemey bolursayou must not be saying | oldemey bolurhe must not be saying | bizdemey bolurbuzwe must not be saying | sizdemey bolursuzyou all must not be saying | alademey bolurlathey must not be saying |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mendey tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of saying | sendey tura bolursayou must be in the middle of saying | oldey tura bolurhe must be in the middle of saying | bizdey tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of saying | sizdey tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of saying | aladey tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of saying |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mendemey tura bolurmaI must keep on not saying | sendemey tura bolursayou must keep on not saying | oldemey tura bolurhe must keep on not saying | bizdemey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not saying | sizdemey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not saying | alademey tura bolurlathey must keep on not saying |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | mendegen bolurmaI must have said | sendegen bolursayou must have said | oldegen bolurhe must have said | bizdegen bolurbuzwe must have said | sizdegen bolursuzyou all must have said | aladegen bolurlathey must have said |
| Inference (must have) | mendemegen bolurmaI must not have said | sendemegen bolursayou must not have said | oldemegen bolurhe must not have said | bizdemegen bolurbuzwe must not have said | sizdemegen bolursuzyou all must not have said | alademegen bolurlathey must not have said |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menderik bolurmaI must be going to say | senderik bolursayou must be going to say | olderik bolurhe must be going to say | bizderik bolurbuzwe must be going to say | sizderik bolursuzyou all must be going to say | aladerik bolurlathey must be going to say |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mendemezlik bolurmaI must not be going to say | sendemezlik bolursayou must not be going to say | oldemezlik bolurhe must not be going to say | bizdemezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to say | sizdemezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to say | alademezlik bolurlathey must not be going to say |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | mendeyimlet me say | sende!say! | oldesinlet him say | bizdeyiklet's say | sizdegiz!say, you all! | aladesinlelet them say |
| Commands & suggestions | mendemeyimlet me not say | sendeme!don't say! | oldemesinlet him not say | bizdemeyiklet's not say | sizdemegiz!don't say, you all! | alademesinlelet them not say |
| Commands & suggestions | mendeyimmi?shall I say? | oldesinmi?should he say? | bizdeyikmi?shall we say? | aladesinlemi?should they say? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | mendemeyimmi?shall I not say? | oldemesinmi?should he not say? | bizdemeyikmi?shall we not say? | alademesinlemi?should they not say? | ||
| Requests | sendeçi2deçinplease say | oldesinçido let him say | sizdeçigizplease say (plural/polite) | aladesinleçido let them say | ||
| Requests | sendemeçi2demeçinplease don't say | oldemesinçido let him not say | sizdemeçigizplease don't say (plural/polite) | alademesinleçido let them not say | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sendegindegimay you say | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sendemegindemegimay you not say | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mendegey edim dege edimwould that I said | sendegey ediŋ dege ediŋwould that you said | oldegey edi dege ediwould that he said | bizdegey edik dege edikwould that we said | sizdegey edigiz dege edigizwould that you all said | aladegey edile dege edilewould that they said |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mendemegey edim demege edimwould that I did not say | sendemegey ediŋ demege ediŋwould that you did not say | oldemegey edi demege ediwould that he did not say | bizdemegey edik demege edikwould that we did not say | sizdemegey edigiz demege edigizwould that you all did not say | alademegey edile demege edilewould that they did not say |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | mendemege qoyayımdeme qoyayımlet me allow someone to say | sendemege qoy!deme qoy!let someone say! | oldemege qoysundeme qoysunlet him allow someone to say | bizdemege qoyayıqdeme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to say | sizdemege qoyuğuz!deme qoyuğuz!let someone say, you all! | alademege qoysunlademe qoysunlalet them allow someone to say |
| Let someone… (commands) | mendemege qoymayımdeme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to say | sendemege qoyma!deme qoyma!don't let someone say! | oldemege qoymasındeme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to say | bizdemege qoymayıqdeme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to say | sizdemege qoymağız!deme qoymağız!don't let someone say, you all! | alademege qoymasınlademe qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to say |
| Let someone… (commands) | mendemege qoyayımmı?deme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to say? | oldemege qoysunmu?deme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to say? | bizdemege qoyayıqmı?deme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to say? | alademege qoysunlamı?deme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to say? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | mendemege qoymayımmı?deme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to say? | oldemege qoymasınmı?deme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to say? | bizdemege qoymayıqmı?deme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to say? | alademege qoymasınlamı?deme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to say? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | mendemege qoyamademe qoyamaI allow someone to say | sendemege qoyasademe qoyasayou allow someone to say | oldemege qoyadıdeme qoyadıhe allows someone to say | bizdemege qoyabızdeme qoyabızwe allow someone to say | sizdemege qoyasızdeme qoyasızyou all allow someone to say | alademege qoyadılademe qoyadılathey allow someone to say |
| Let someone… (present) | mendemege qoymaymademe qoymaymaI don't allow someone to say | sendemege qoymaysademe qoymaysayou don't allow someone to say | oldemege qoymaydıdeme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to say | bizdemege qoymaybızdeme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to say | sizdemege qoymaysızdeme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to say | alademege qoymaydılademe qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to say |
| Let someone… (present) | mendemege qoyamamı?deme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to say? | sendemege qoyamısa?deme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to say? | oldemege qoyamıdı?deme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to say? | bizdemege qoyabızmı?deme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to say? | sizdemege qoyamısız?deme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to say? | alademege qoyamıdıla?deme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to say? |
| Let someone… (present) | mendemege qoymaymamı?deme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to say? | sendemege qoymaymısa?deme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to say? | oldemege qoymaymıdı?deme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to say? | bizdemege qoymaybızmı?deme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to say? | sizdemege qoymaymısız?deme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to say? | alademege qoymaymıdıla?deme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to say? |
| Let someone… (past) | mendemege qoydumdeme qoydumI allowed someone to say | sendemege qoyduŋdeme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to say | oldemege qoydudeme qoyduhe allowed someone to say | bizdemege qoyduqdeme qoyduqwe allowed someone to say | sizdemege qoyduğuzdeme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to say | alademege qoydulademe qoydulathey allowed someone to say |
| Let someone… (past) | mendemege qoymadımdeme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to say | sendemege qoymadıŋdeme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to say | oldemege qoymadıdeme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to say | bizdemege qoymadıqdeme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to say | sizdemege qoymadığızdeme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to say | alademege qoymadılademe qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to say |
| Let someone… (past) | mendemege qoydummu?deme qoydummu?did I allow someone to say? | sendemege qoyduŋmu?deme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to say? | oldemege qoydumu?deme qoydumu?did he allow someone to say? | bizdemege qoyduqmu?deme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to say? | sizdemege qoyduğuzmu?deme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to say? | alademege qoydulamı?deme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to say? |
| Let someone… (past) | mendemege qoymadımmı?deme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to say? | sendemege qoymadıŋmı?deme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to say? | oldemege qoymadımı?deme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to say? | bizdemege qoymadıqmı?deme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to say? | sizdemege qoymadığızmı?deme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to say? | alademege qoymadılamı?deme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to say? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | mendeyalamaI can say | sendeyalasayou can say | oldeyaladıhe can say | bizdeyalabızwe can say | sizdeyalasızyou all can say | aladeyaladılathey can say |
| Ability — present | mendeyalmaymaI can't say | sendeyalmaysayou can't say | oldeyalmaydıhe can't say | bizdeyalmaybızwe can't say | sizdeyalmaysızyou all can't say | aladeyalmaydılathey can't say |
| Ability — present | mendeyalamamı? deyalamıma?can I say? | sendeyalamısa?can you say? | oldeyalamıdı?can he say? | bizdeyalabızmı? deyalamıbız?can we say? | sizdeyalamısız?can you all say? | aladeyalamıdıla?can they say? |
| Ability — present | mendeyalmaymamı? deyalmaymıma?can't I say? | sendeyalmaymısa?can't you say? | oldeyalmaymıdı?can't he say? | bizdeyalmaybızmı? deyalmaymıbız?can't we say? | sizdeyalmaymısız?can't you all say? | aladeyalmaymıdıla?can't they say? |
| Ability — if I can… | mendeyalsamif I can say | sendeyalsaŋif you can say | oldeyalsaif he can say | bizdeyalsaqif we can say | sizdeyalsağızif you all can say | aladeyalsalaif they can say |
| Ability — if I can… | mendeyalmasamif I can't say | sendeyalmasaŋif you can't say | oldeyalmasaif he can't say | bizdeyalmasaqif we can't say | sizdeyalmasağızif you all can't say | aladeyalmasalaif they can't say |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | mendeyaldımI was able to say | sendeyaldıŋyou were able to say | oldeyaldıhe was able to say | bizdeyaldıqwe were able to say | sizdeyaldığızyou all were able to say | aladeyaldılathey were able to say |
| Ability — simple past | mendeyalmadımI could not say | sendeyalmadıŋyou could not say | oldeyalmadıhe could not say | bizdeyalmadıqwe could not say | sizdeyalmadığızyou all could not say | aladeyalmadılathey could not say |
| Ability — simple past | mendeyaldımmı?was I able to say? | sendeyaldıŋmı?were you able to say? | oldeyaldımı?was he able to say? | bizdeyaldıqmı?were we able to say? | sizdeyaldığızmı?were you all able to say? | aladeyaldılamı?were they able to say? |
| Ability — simple past | mendeyalmadımmı?couldn't I say? | sendeyalmadıŋmı?couldn't you say? | oldeyalmadımı?couldn't he say? | bizdeyalmadıqmı?couldn't we say? | sizdeyalmadığızmı?couldn't you all say? | aladeyalmadılamı?couldn't they say? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mendeyalğanmaI have been able to say | sendeyalğansayou have been able to say | oldeyalğandıhe has been able to say | bizdeyalğanbızwe have been able to say | sizdeyalğansızyou all have been able to say | aladeyalğandılathey have been able to say |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mendeyalmağanmaI haven't been able to say | sendeyalmağansayou haven't been able to say | oldeyalmağandıhe hasn't been able to say | bizdeyalmağanbızwe haven't been able to say | sizdeyalmağansızyou all haven't been able to say | aladeyalmağandılathey haven't been able to say |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mendeyalğanmamı? deyalğanmıma?have I been able to say? | sendeyalğanmısa?have you been able to say? | oldeyalğanmıdı?has he been able to say? | bizdeyalğanbızmı? deyalğanmıbız?have we been able to say? | sizdeyalğanmısız?have you all been able to say? | aladeyalğanmıdıla?have they been able to say? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mendeyalmağanmamı? deyalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to say? | sendeyalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to say? | oldeyalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to say? | bizdeyalmağanbızmı? deyalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to say? | sizdeyalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to say? | aladeyalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to say? |
| Ability — past perfect | mendeyalğan edimdeyalğanemI had been able to say | sendeyalğan ediŋdeyalğaneŋyou had been able to say | oldeyalğan edideyalğanedhe had been able to say | bizdeyalğan edikdeyalğanekwe had been able to say | sizdeyalğan edigizdeyalğanegizyou all had been able to say | aladeyalğan ediledeyalğanellethey had been able to say |
| Ability — past perfect | mendeyalmağan edimdeyalmağanemI hadn't been able to say | sendeyalmağan ediŋdeyalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to say | oldeyalmağan edideyalmağanedhe hadn't been able to say | bizdeyalmağan edikdeyalmağanekwe hadn't been able to say | sizdeyalmağan edigizdeyalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to say | aladeyalmağan ediledeyalmağanellethey hadn't been able to say |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | mendeyala edimdeyalaemI could say | sendeyala ediŋdeyalaeŋyou could say | oldeyala edideyalaedhe could say | bizdeyala edikdeyalaekwe could say | sizdeyala edigizdeyalaegizyou all could say | aladeyala ediledeyalaellethey could say |
| Ability — past background | mendeyalmay edimdeyalmayemI could not say | sendeyalmay ediŋdeyalmayeŋyou could not say | oldeyalmay edideyalmayedhe could not say | bizdeyalmay edikdeyalmayekwe could not say | sizdeyalmay edigizdeyalmayegizyou all could not say | aladeyalmay ediledeyalmayellethey could not say |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | mendeyalırmaI will be able to say | sendeyalırsayou will be able to say | oldeyalırhe will be able to say | bizdeyalırbızwe will be able to say | sizdeyalırsızyou all will be able to say | aladeyalırlathey will be able to say |
| Ability — future I | mendeyalmazmaI won't be able to say | sendeyalmazsayou won't be able to say | oldeyalmazhe won't be able to say | bizdeyalmazbızwe won't be able to say | sizdeyalmazsızyou all won't be able to say | aladeyalmazlathey won't be able to say |
| Ability — future I | mendeyalırmamı? deyalırmıma?will I be able to say? | sendeyalırmısa?will you be able to say? | oldeyalırmı?will he be able to say? | bizdeyalırbızmı? deyalırmıbız?will we be able to say? | sizdeyalırmısız?will you all be able to say? | aladeyalırlamı? deyalırmıla?will they be able to say? |
| Ability — future I | mendeyalmazmamı? deyalmazmıma?won't I be able to say? | sendeyalmazmısa?won't you be able to say? | oldeyalmazmı?won't he be able to say? | bizdeyalmazbızmı? deyalmazmıbız?won't we be able to say? | sizdeyalmazmısız?won't you all be able to say? | aladeyalmazlamı? deyalmazmıla?won't they be able to say? |
| Ability — future II | mendeyallıqmaI am going to be able to say | sendeyallıqsayou are going to be able to say | oldeyallıqdıhe is going to be able to say | bizdeyallıqbızwe are going to be able to say | sizdeyallıqsızyou all are going to be able to say | aladeyallıqdılathey are going to be able to say |
| Ability — future II | mendeyallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to say | sendeyallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to say | oldeyallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to say | bizdeyallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to say | sizdeyallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to say | aladeyallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to say |
| Ability — future II | mendeyallıqmamı? deyallıqmıma?am I going to be able to say? | sendeyallıqmısa?are you going to be able to say? | oldeyallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to say? | bizdeyallıqbızmı? deyallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to say? | sizdeyallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to say? | aladeyallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to say? |
| Ability — future II | mendeyallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to say? | sendeyallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to say? | oldeyallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to say? | bizdeyallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to say? | sizdeyallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to say? | aladeyallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to say? |
| Ability — would be able to… | mendeyalır edimdeyalır emI would be able to say | sendeyalır ediŋdeyalır eŋyou would be able to say | oldeyalır edideyalır edhe would be able to say | bizdeyalır edikdeyalır ekwe would be able to say | sizdeyalır edigizdeyalır egizyou all would be able to say | aladeyalır ediledeyalır ellethey would be able to say |
| Ability — would be able to… | mendeyalmaz edimdeyalmaz emI wouldn't be able to say | sendeyalmaz ediŋdeyalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to say | oldeyalmaz edideyalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to say | bizdeyalmaz edikdeyalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to say | sizdeyalmaz edigizdeyalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to say | aladeyalmaz ediledeyalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to say |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sendeyalğındeyalğımay you be able to say | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sendeyalmağındeyalmağımay you not be able to say | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menderge izleymeI want to say | senderge izleyseyou want to say | olderge izleydihe wants to say | bizderge izleybizwe want to say | sizderge izleysizyou all want to say | aladerge izleydilethey want to say |
| want to | menderge izlemeymeI do not want to say | senderge izlemeyseyou do not want to say | olderge izlemeydihe does not want to say | bizderge izlemeybizwe do not want to say | sizderge izlemeysizyou all do not want to say | aladerge izlemeydilethey do not want to say |
| would like to | menderge süemeI would like to say | senderge süeseyou would like to say | olderge süedihe would like to say | bizderge süebizwe would like to say | sizderge süesizyou all would like to say | aladerge süedilethey would like to say |
| would like to | menderge süymeymeI would not like to say | senderge süymeyseyou would not like to say | olderge süymeydihe would not like to say | bizderge süymeybizwe would not like to say | sizderge süymeysizyou all would not like to say | aladerge süymeydilethey would not like to say |
| hope to | menderge umutlanamaI hope to say | senderge umutlanasayou hope to say | olderge umutlanadıhe hopes to say | bizderge umutlanabızwe hope to say | sizderge umutlanasızyou all hope to say | aladerge umutlanadılathey hope to say |
| hope to | menderge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to say | senderge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to say | olderge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to say | bizderge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to say | sizderge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to say | aladerge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to say |
| be about to | menderge deb turamaI am about to say | senderge deb turasayou are about to say | olderge deb turadıhe is about to say | bizderge deb turabızwe are about to say | sizderge deb turasızyou all are about to say | aladerge deb turadılathey are about to say |
| be about to | menderge deb turmaymaI am not about to say | senderge deb turmaysayou are not about to say | olderge deb turmaydıhe is not about to say | bizderge deb turmaybızwe are not about to say | sizderge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to say | aladerge deb turmaydılathey are not about to say |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menderge kerekmeI need to say | senderge kerekseyou need to say | olderge kerekdihe needs to say | bizderge kerekbizwe need to say | sizderge kereksizyou all need to say | aladerge kerekdilethey need to say |
| need to | menderge kerek tülmeI do not need to say | senderge kerek tülseyou do not need to say | olderge kerek tüldühe does not need to say | bizderge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to say | sizderge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to say | aladerge kerek tüldülethey do not need to say |
| have to | menmenŋe derge tüşediI have to say | sensenŋe derge tüşediyou have to say | olaŋa derge tüşedihe has to say | bizbizge derge tüşediwe have to say | sizsizge derge tüşediyou all have to say | alaalağa derge tüşedithey have to say |
| have to | menmenŋe derge tüşmeydiI do not have to say | sensenŋe derge tüşmeydiyou do not have to say | olaŋa derge tüşmeydihe does not have to say | bizbizge derge tüşmeydiwe do not have to say | sizsizge derge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to say | alaalağa derge tüşmeydithey do not have to say |
| be obliged to | menderge borçlumaI am obliged to say | senderge borçlusayou are obliged to say | olderge borçluduhe is obliged to say | bizderge borçlubuzwe are obliged to say | sizderge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to say | aladerge borçludulathey are obliged to say |
| be obliged to | menderge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to say | senderge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to say | olderge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to say | bizderge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to say | sizderge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to say | aladerge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to say |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menderge madarım bardıI have a way to say | senderge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to say | olderge madarı bardıhe has a way to say | bizderge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to say | sizderge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to say | aladerge madarları bardıthey have a way to say |
| have a way to | menderge madarım joqduI have no way to say | senderge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to say | olderge madarı joqduhe has no way to say | bizderge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to say | sizderge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to say | aladerge madarları joqduthey have no way to say |
| be free to | menderge erkinligim bardıI am free to say | senderge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to say | olderge erkinligi bardıhe is free to say | bizderge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to say | sizderge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to say | aladerge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to say |
| be free to | menderge erkinligim joqduI am not free to say | senderge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to say | olderge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to say | bizderge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to say | sizderge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to say | aladerge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to say |
| be possible to | menmenŋe derge bolluqduit is possible for me to say | sensenŋe derge bolluqduit is possible for you to say | olaŋa derge bolluqduit is possible for him to say | bizbizge derge bolluqduit is possible for us to say | sizsizge derge bolluqduit is possible for you all to say | alaalağa derge bolluqduit is possible for them to say |
| be possible to | menmenŋe derge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to say | sensenŋe derge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to say | olaŋa derge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to say | bizbizge derge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to say | sizsizge derge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to say | alaalağa derge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to say |
| be ready to | menderge hazırmaI am ready to say | senderge hazırsayou are ready to say | olderge hazırdıhe is ready to say | bizderge hazırbızwe are ready to say | sizderge hazırsızyou all are ready to say | aladerge hazırdılathey are ready to say |
| be ready to | menderge hazır tülmeI am not ready to say | senderge hazır tülseyou are not ready to say | olderge hazır tüldühe is not ready to say | bizderge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to say | sizderge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to say | aladerge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to say |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menderge küreşemeI am trying to say | senderge küreşeseyou are trying to say | olderge küreşedihe is trying to say | bizderge küreşebizwe are trying to say | sizderge küreşesizyou all are trying to say | aladerge küreşedilethey are trying to say |
| try to | menderge küreşmeymeI am not trying to say | senderge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to say | olderge küreşmeydihe is not trying to say | bizderge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to say | sizderge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to say | aladerge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to say |
| agree to | menderge unaymaI agree to say | senderge unaysayou agree to say | olderge unaydıhe agrees to say | bizderge unaybızwe agree to say | sizderge unaysızyou all agree to say | aladerge unaydılathey agree to say |
| agree to | menderge unamaymaI refuse to say | senderge unamaysayou refuse to say | olderge unamaydıhe refuses to say | bizderge unamaybızwe refuse to say | sizderge unamaysızyou all refuse to say | aladerge unamaydılathey refuse to say |
| hurry to | menderge aşığamaI am in a hurry to say | senderge aşığasayou are in a hurry to say | olderge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to say | bizderge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to say | sizderge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to say | aladerge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to say |
| hurry to | menderge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to say | senderge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to say | olderge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to say | bizderge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to say | sizderge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to say | aladerge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to say |
| be afraid to | menderge qorqamaI am afraid to say | senderge qorqasayou are afraid to say | olderge qorqadıhe is afraid to say | bizderge qorqabızwe are afraid to say | sizderge qorqasızyou all are afraid to say | aladerge qorqadılathey are afraid to say |
| be afraid to | menderge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to say | senderge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to say | olderge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to say | bizderge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to say | sizderge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to say | aladerge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to say |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | mendey bolmazmaI can't be saying | sendey bolmazsayou can't be saying | oldey bolmazhe can't be saying | bizdey bolmazbızwe can't be saying | sizdey bolmazsızyou all can't be saying | aladey bolmazlathey can't be saying |
| Inference, present — double negation | mendemey bolmazmaI must be saying (emphatic) | sendemey bolmazsayou must be saying (emphatic) | oldemey bolmazhe must be saying (emphatic) | bizdemey bolmazbızwe must be saying (emphatic) | sizdemey bolmazsızyou all must be saying (emphatic) | alademey bolmazlathey must be saying (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | mendey turmasamif I don't keep saying | sendey turmasaŋif you don't keep saying | oldey turmasaif he doesn't keep saying | bizdey turmasaqif we don't keep saying | sizdey turmasağızif you all don't keep saying | aladey turmasalaif they don't keep saying |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | mendey tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of saying | sendey tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of saying | oldey tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of saying | bizdey tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of saying | sizdey tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of saying | aladey tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of saying |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | mendemey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not saying (emphatic) | sendemey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not saying (emphatic) | oldemey tura bolmazhe must keep on not saying (emphatic) | bizdemey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not saying (emphatic) | sizdemey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not saying (emphatic) | alademey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not saying (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | mendemey turamaI keep on not saying | sendemey turasayou keep on not saying | oldemey turadıhe keeps on not saying | bizdemey turabızwe keep on not saying | sizdemey turasızyou all keep on not saying | alademey turadılathey keep on not saying |
| Progressive — double negation | mendemey turmaymaI am not keeping on not saying | sendemey turmaysayou are not keeping on not saying | oldemey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not saying | bizdemey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not saying | sizdemey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not saying | alademey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not saying |
| Progressive — double negation | mendemey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not saying? | sendemey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not saying? | oldemey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not saying? | bizdemey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not saying? | sizdemey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not saying? | alademey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not saying? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | mendegen bolmazmaI can't have said | sendegen bolmazsayou can't have said | oldegen bolmazhe can't have said | bizdegen bolmazbızwe can't have said | sizdegen bolmazsızyou all can't have said | aladegen bolmazlathey can't have said |
| Inference — double negation | mendemegen bolmazmaI must have said (emphatic) | sendemegen bolmazsayou must have said (emphatic) | oldemegen bolmazhe must have said (emphatic) | bizdemegen bolmazbızwe must have said (emphatic) | sizdemegen bolmazsızyou all must have said (emphatic) | alademegen bolmazlathey must have said (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | mendegen bolmasamif it weren't that I had said | sendegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had said | oldegen bolmasaif it weren't that he had said | bizdegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had said | sizdegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had said | aladegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had said |
| Counterfactual — double negation | mendemegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't said | sendemegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't said | oldemegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't said | bizdemegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't said | sizdemegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't said | alademegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't said |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menderik bolmazmaI can't be going to say | senderik bolmazsayou can't be going to say | olderik bolmazhe can't be going to say | bizderik bolmazbızwe can't be going to say | sizderik bolmazsızyou all can't be going to say | aladerik bolmazlathey can't be going to say |
| Inference, future — double negation | mendemezlik bolmazmaI must be going to say (emphatic) | sendemezlik bolmazsayou must be going to say (emphatic) | oldemezlik bolmazhe must be going to say (emphatic) | bizdemezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to say (emphatic) | sizdemezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to say (emphatic) | alademezlik bolmazlathey must be going to say (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menderik bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to say | senderik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to say | olderik bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to say | bizderik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to say | sizderik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to say | aladerik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to say |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | mendemezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to say | sendemezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to say | oldemezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to say | bizdemezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to say | sizdemezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to say | alademezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to say |