barırğa
/barɯrʁa/
1. go, travel (away from the speaker) — The direction is away from the speaker; movement toward the speaker is kelirge. Used of people on foot or riding, of vehicles, and of letters and parcels on their way: qayrı barasa 'where are you going?', at bla barırğa 'ride on horseback'.
- sen qayrı barasa? — where are you going?
- men üyge barama — I am going home
- biz tambla barlıqbız — we will go tomorrow
- baramısa? — are you going?
- jayaw barırğa — to go on foot
- at bla barırğa — to ride on horseback
- alğa barırğa — to go forward
- allına barırğa — to go to meet someone
- qayrı barasa? — where are you going?
2. visit, call on, go and see — The person or place visited is in the dative: qonaqğa barırğa 'go visiting', ol teatrğa köb baradı 'he often goes to the theater'.
- qızçıq qart anasına baradı — the little girl goes to see her grandmother
- men aŋa barırma — I will visit him
- ol qarnaşına köb baradı — he often goes to see his brother
- qonaqğa barırğa — to go visiting
- juwuqğa-teŋŋe barırğa — to visit relatives and friends
3. be in progress, be underway, take place — Said of meetings, talks, work, a war or a conversation: jıyılıw entda baradı 'the meeting is still going on'. Guzeev 2000 marks it figurative.
- jıyılıw entda baradı — the meeting is still going on
- iş baradı — work is going on
- söz anı üsünden baradı — the talk is about him
- uruş barğan jerde — in the place where the war was going on
- qazawatnı qıstaw barğan közüwü — the time when the war was going on fiercely
4. go on, last, continue (for a period of time) — Often with a time expression in the accusative: seans sağat bla jarımnı baradı 'the session lasts an hour and a half'; köbge barırğa 'last a long time'.
- toy üç künnü bardı — the feast lasted three days
- jıyılıw saw eki sağatnı bardı — the meeting lasted a whole two hours
- keŋeş sağat da barmadı — the meeting did not last even an hour
- toy baradı — the feast goes on
- bügün da baradı — it goes on to this day
- köbge barırğa — to drag on a long time
5. flow, run, empty into (of water or another liquid) — Said of rivers, and also of sweat or tears: suw terk baradı 'the river flows fast'; barğan suw 'a river'.
- suw terk baradı — the river flows fast
- suw kün bathanŋa baradı — the river flows toward where the sun sets
- Qoban suw teŋizge baradı — the Kuban runs into the sea
- terk barğan suw — a fast-flowing river
- barğan suw — a flowing river
6. extend, stretch, lead (of a road or a stretch of land) — Said of a road, a path, a valley or fields that run in some direction: jol çegetni içi bla baradı 'the road goes through the forest'. Used only in the third person.
- bu jol bizni elge baradı — this road leads to our village
- jol suwğa baradı — the road leads to the river
- jol çegetni içi bla baradı — the road goes through the forest
- jol tawla bla bara edi — the road ran through the mountains
- ortası bla barğan ullu jolğa — onto the big road running through the middle
- şahardan arı sabanla baradıla — fields extend beyond the town
7. pass, go by (of time) — zaman jeŋil baradı 'time passes quickly'. one source
- zaman terk baradı — time goes by fast
- künle baradıla — the days go by
- jılla baradıla — the years go by
8. marry, take a husband — Said of a woman. The usual phrase is erge barırğa, with er 'husband' in the dative; erge barmağan 'unmarried (of a woman)'.
- erge barırğa — to marry, to take a husband
- ol erge bardı — she married
- egeçim bıyıl erge barlıqdı — my sister will marry this year
- erge barmağan qız — an unmarried girl
9. dance (a particular traditional dance) — The dance is named in the dative: abezehhe barırğa, islameyge barırğa.
- islameyge baradıla — they dance the islamey
- abezehge baradı — dances the abezekh
- ol islameyge bek ariw baradı — he dances the islamey very beautifully
- biz toyda abezehge barğanbız — we danced the abezekh at the wedding
- toyda jaşla abezehge barğandıla — at the wedding the young men danced the abezekh
- abezekge baradı — dances the abezekh
- biz toyda abezekge barğanbız — we danced the abezekh at the wedding
- toyda jaşla abezekge barğandıla — at the wedding the young men danced the abezekh
10. auxiliary verb after a converb, marking an action done along the way, completed, or steadily growing — Follows the converb of another verb: ayta barırğa 'mention in passing', alıb barırğa 'take along', artı bolub barırğa 'come to an end, run out'. The fixed phrase bara barğan zamanda means 'in the future, later on'.
- ala barırğa — to take along
- ayta barırğa — to mention in passing
- bere barırğa — to drop off on the way
- ötüb barırğa — to pass by
- bile barırğa — to learn along the way
- jaŋur küçlene baradı — the rain is growing steadily stronger
Expressions
- ala beri kelginçi, biz arı barmayıq — long life to us
- bar alay — well I never!
- sen bar, men bar derge — pass the buck
- Allahha sözüm awur barmasın — God forgive me
Conjugation
Common forms
- baradıhe is going
- bardıhe went
- barğandıhe has gone
- barırhe will go
- barlıqdıhe is going to go
- bara edihe was going
- barsaif he goes
- bar!go!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbaramaI am going | senbarasayou are going | olbaradıhe is going | bizbarabızwe are going | sizbarasızyou all are going | alabaradılathey are going |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbarmaymaI am not going | senbarmaysayou are not going | olbarmaydıhe is not going | bizbarmaybızwe are not going | sizbarmaysızyou all are not going | alabarmaydılathey are not going |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbaramamı? baramıma?am I going? | senbaramısa?are you going? | olbaramıdı?is he going? | bizbarabızmı? baramıbız?are we going? | sizbaramısız?are you all going? | alabaramıdıla?are they going? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbarmaymamı? barmaymıma?aren't I going? | senbarmaymısa?aren't you going? | olbarmaymıdı?isn't he going? | bizbarmaybızmı? barmaymıbız?aren't we going? | sizbarmaymısız?aren't you all going? | alabarmaymıdıla?aren't they going? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbarıwçanmaI usually go | senbarıwçansayou usually go | olbarıwçandıhe usually goes | bizbarıwçanbızwe usually go | sizbarıwçansızyou all usually go | alabarıwçandılathey usually go |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbarmawçanmaI usually don't go | senbarmawçansayou usually don't go | olbarmawçandıhe usually doesn't go | bizbarmawçanbızwe usually don't go | sizbarmawçansızyou all usually don't go | alabarmawçandılathey usually don't go |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbarıwçanmamı? barıwçanmıma?do I usually go? | senbarıwçanmısa?do you usually go? | olbarıwçanmıdı?does he usually go? | bizbarıwçanbızmı? barıwçanmıbız?do we usually go? | sizbarıwçanmısız?do you all usually go? | alabarıwçanmıdıla?do they usually go? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbarmawçanmamı? barmawçanmıma?do I usually not go? | senbarmawçanmısa?do you usually not go? | olbarmawçanmıdı?does he usually not go? | bizbarmawçanbızmı? barmawçanmıbız?do we usually not go? | sizbarmawçanmısız?do you all usually not go? | alabarmawçanmıdıla?do they usually not go? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olbarıbdıhe has gone and remains so | alabarıbdılathey have gone and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olbarıbmıdı?has he gone? | alabarıbmıdıla?have they gone? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbarıb turamaI keep going | senbarıb turasayou keep going | olbarıb turadıhe keeps going | bizbarıb turabızwe keep going | sizbarıb turasızyou all keep going | alabarıb turadılathey keep going |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbarıb turmaymaI don't keep going | senbarıb turmaysayou don't keep going | olbarıb turmaydıhe doesn't keep going | bizbarıb turmaybızwe don't keep going | sizbarıb turmaysızyou all don't keep going | alabarıb turmaydılathey don't keep going |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbarıb turamamı? barıb turamıma?do I keep going? | senbarıb turamısa?do you keep going? | olbarıb turamıdı?does he keep going? | bizbarıb turabızmı? barıb turamıbız?do we keep going? | sizbarıb turamısız?do you all keep going? | alabarıb turamıdıla?do they keep going? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbarıb turmaymamı? barıb turmaymıma?don't I keep going? | senbarıb turmaymısa?don't you keep going? | olbarıb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep going? | bizbarıb turmaybızmı? barıb turmaymıbız?don't we keep going? | sizbarıb turmaymısız?don't you all keep going? | alabarıb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep going? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbara turamaI am in the middle of going | senbara turasayou are in the middle of going | olbara turadıhe is in the middle of going | bizbara turabızwe are in the middle of going | sizbara turasızyou all are in the middle of going | alabara turadılathey are in the middle of going |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbara turmaymaI am not in the middle of going | senbara turmaysayou are not in the middle of going | olbara turmaydıhe is not in the middle of going | bizbara turmaybızwe are not in the middle of going | sizbara turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of going | alabara turmaydılathey are not in the middle of going |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbara turamamı? bara turamıma?am I in the middle of going? | senbara turamısa?are you in the middle of going? | olbara turamıdı?is he in the middle of going? | bizbara turabızmı? bara turamıbız?are we in the middle of going? | sizbara turamısız?are you all in the middle of going? | alabara turamıdıla?are they in the middle of going? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbara turmaymamı? bara turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of going? | senbara turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of going? | olbara turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of going? | bizbara turmaybızmı? bara turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of going? | sizbara turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of going? | alabara turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of going? |
| Simple past (definite) | menbardımI went | senbardıŋyou went | olbardıhe went | bizbardıqwe went | sizbardığızyou all went | alabardılathey went |
| Simple past (definite) | menbarmadımI didn't go | senbarmadıŋyou didn't go | olbarmadıhe didn't go | bizbarmadıqwe didn't go | sizbarmadığızyou all didn't go | alabarmadılathey didn't go |
| Simple past (definite) | menbardımmı?did I go? | senbardıŋmı?did you go? | olbardımı?did he go? | bizbardıqmı?did we go? | sizbardığızmı?did you all go? | alabardılamı?did they go? |
| Simple past (definite) | menbarmadımmı?didn't I go? | senbarmadıŋmı?didn't you go? | olbarmadımı?didn't he go? | bizbarmadıqmı?didn't we go? | sizbarmadığızmı?didn't you all go? | alabarmadılamı?didn't they go? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbarğanmaI have gone | senbarğansayou have gone | olbarğandıhe has gone | bizbarğanbızwe have gone | sizbarğansızyou all have gone | alabarğandılathey have gone |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbarmağanmaI haven't gone | senbarmağansayou haven't gone | olbarmağandıhe hasn't gone | bizbarmağanbızwe haven't gone | sizbarmağansızyou all haven't gone | alabarmağandılathey haven't gone |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbarğanmamı? barğanmıma?have I gone? | senbarğanmısa?have you gone? | olbarğanmıdı?has he gone? | bizbarğanbızmı? barğanmıbız?have we gone? | sizbarğanmısız?have you all gone? | alabarğanmıdıla?have they gone? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbarmağanmamı? barmağanmıma?haven't I gone? | senbarmağanmısa?haven't you gone? | olbarmağanmıdı?hasn't he gone? | bizbarmağanbızmı? barmağanmıbız?haven't we gone? | sizbarmağanmısız?haven't you all gone? | alabarmağanmıdıla?haven't they gone? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menbarıb turdumI kept going | senbarıb turduŋyou kept going | olbarıb turduhe kept going | bizbarıb turduqwe kept going | sizbarıb turduğuzyou all kept going | alabarıb turdulathey kept going |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menbarıb turmadımI didn't keep going | senbarıb turmadıŋyou didn't keep going | olbarıb turmadıhe didn't keep going | bizbarıb turmadıqwe didn't keep going | sizbarıb turmadığızyou all didn't keep going | alabarıb turmadılathey didn't keep going |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbarırmaI will go | senbarırsayou will go | olbarırhe will go | bizbarırbızwe will go | sizbarırsızyou all will go | alabarırlathey will go |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbarmazmaI won't go | senbarmazsayou won't go | olbarmazhe won't go | bizbarmazbızwe won't go | sizbarmazsızyou all won't go | alabarmazlathey won't go |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbarırmamı? barırmıma?will I go? | senbarırmısa?will you go? | olbarırmı?will he go? | bizbarırbızmı? barırmıbız?will we go? | sizbarırmısız?will you all go? | alabarırlamı? barırmıla?will they go? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbarmazmamı? barmazmıma?won't I go? | senbarmazmısa?won't you go? | olbarmazmı?won't he go? | bizbarmazbızmı? barmazmıbız?won't we go? | sizbarmazmısız?won't you all go? | alabarmazlamı? barmazmıla?won't they go? |
| Definite future (future II) | menbarlıqma1barrıqmaI am going to go | senbarlıqsa1barrıqsayou are going to go | olbarlıqdı1barrıqdıhe is going to go | bizbarlıqbız1barrıqbızwe are going to go | sizbarlıqsız1barrıqsızyou all are going to go | alabarlıqdıla1barrıqdılathey are going to go |
| Definite future (future II) | menbarlıq tülme1barrıq tülmeI am not going to go | senbarlıq tülse1barrıq tülseyou are not going to go | olbarlıq tüldü1barrıq tüldühe is not going to go | bizbarlıq tülbüz1barrıq tülbüzwe are not going to go | sizbarlıq tülsüz1barrıq tülsüzyou all are not going to go | alabarlıq tüldüle1barrıq tüldülethey are not going to go |
| Definite future (future II) | menbarlıqmamı?1 barlıqmıma?barrıqmamı?am I going to go? | senbarlıqmısa?1barrıqmısa?are you going to go? | olbarlıqmıdı?1barrıqmıdı?is he going to go? | bizbarlıqbızmı?1 barlıqmıbız?barrıqbızmı?are we going to go? | sizbarlıqmısız?1barrıqmısız?are you all going to go? | alabarlıqmıdıla?1barrıqmıdıla?are they going to go? |
| Definite future (future II) | menbarlıq tülmüme?1barrıq tülmüme?aren't I going to go? | senbarlıq tülmüse?1barrıq tülmüse?aren't you going to go? | olbarlıq tülmüdü?1barrıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to go? | bizbarlıq tülmübüz?1barrıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to go? | sizbarlıq tülmüsüz?1barrıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to go? | alabarlıq tülmüdüle?1barrıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to go? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Definite future (future II)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so barrıqdı
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menbarğan edimbarğanemI had gone | senbarğan ediŋbarğaneŋyou had gone | olbarğan edibarğanedhe had gone | bizbarğan edikbarğanekwe had gone | sizbarğan edigizbarğanegizyou all had gone | alabarğan edilebarğanellethey had gone |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menbarmağan edimbarmağanemI hadn't gone | senbarmağan ediŋbarmağaneŋyou hadn't gone | olbarmağan edibarmağanedhe hadn't gone | bizbarmağan edikbarmağanekwe hadn't gone | sizbarmağan edigizbarmağanegizyou all hadn't gone | alabarmağan edilebarmağanellethey hadn't gone |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menbara edimbaraemI was going | senbara ediŋbaraeŋyou were going | olbara edibaraedhe was going | bizbara edikbaraekwe were going | sizbara edigizbaraegizyou all were going | alabara edilebaraellethey were going |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menbarmay edimbarmayemI wasn't going | senbarmay ediŋbarmayeŋyou weren't going | olbarmay edibarmayedhe wasn't going | bizbarmay edikbarmayekwe weren't going | sizbarmay edigizbarmayegizyou all weren't going | alabarmay edilebarmayellethey weren't going |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menbarıwçan edimbarıwçanemI used to go | senbarıwçan ediŋbarıwçaneŋyou used to go | olbarıwçan edibarıwçanedhe used to go | bizbarıwçan edikbarıwçanekwe used to go | sizbarıwçan edigizbarıwçanegizyou all used to go | alabarıwçan edilebarıwçanellethey used to go |
| Habitual past (used to) | menbarmawçan edimbarmawçanemI didn't use to go | senbarmawçan ediŋbarmawçaneŋyou didn't use to go | olbarmawçan edibarmawçanedhe didn't use to go | bizbarmawçan edikbarmawçanekwe didn't use to go | sizbarmawçan edigizbarmawçanegizyou all didn't use to go | alabarmawçan edilebarmawçanellethey didn't use to go |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olbarıb edihe had gone and remained so | alabarıb edilethey had gone and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olbarıb tül edihe hadn't gone | alabarıb tül edilethey hadn't gone | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menbarıb tura edimbarıb turaemI had kept going | senbarıb tura ediŋbarıb turaeŋyou had kept going | olbarıb tura edibarıb turaedhe had kept going | bizbarıb tura edikbarıb turaekwe had kept going | sizbarıb tura edigizbarıb turaegizyou all had kept going | alabarıb tura edilebarıb turaellethey had kept going |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menbarıb turmay edimbarıb turmayemI hadn't kept going | senbarıb turmay ediŋbarıb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept going | olbarıb turmay edibarıb turmayedhe hadn't kept going | bizbarıb turmay edikbarıb turmayekwe hadn't kept going | sizbarıb turmay edigizbarıb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept going | alabarıb turmay edilebarıb turmayellethey hadn't kept going |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menbara tura edimbara turaemI was in the middle of going | senbara tura ediŋbara turaeŋyou were in the middle of going | olbara tura edibara turaedhe was in the middle of going | bizbara tura edikbara turaekwe were in the middle of going | sizbara tura edigizbara turaegizyou all were in the middle of going | alabara tura edilebara turaellethey were in the middle of going |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menbara turmay edimbara turmayemI wasn't in the middle of going | senbara turmay ediŋbara turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of going | olbara turmay edibara turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of going | bizbara turmay edikbara turmayekwe weren't in the middle of going | sizbara turmay edigizbara turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of going | alabara turmay edilebara turmayellethey weren't in the middle of going |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menbarır edimbarır emI would go | senbarır ediŋbarır eŋyou would go | olbarır edibarır edhe would go | bizbarır edikbarır ekwe would go | sizbarır edigizbarır egizyou all would go | alabarır edilebarır ellethey would go |
| Conditional result (would) | menbarmaz edimbarmaz emI wouldn't go | senbarmaz ediŋbarmaz eŋyou wouldn't go | olbarmaz edibarmaz edhe wouldn't go | bizbarmaz edikbarmaz ekwe wouldn't go | sizbarmaz edigizbarmaz egizyou all wouldn't go | alabarmaz edilebarmaz ellethey wouldn't go |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menbarlıq edim2barlıq embarrıq edimI would have gone | senbarlıq ediŋ2barlıq eŋbarrıq ediŋyou would have gone | olbarlıq edi2barlıq edbarrıq edihe would have gone | bizbarlıq edik2barlıq ekbarrıq edikwe would have gone | sizbarlıq edigiz2barlıq egizbarrıq edigizyou all would have gone | alabarlıq edile2barlıq ellebarrıq edilethey would have gone |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menbarlıq tül edim2barlıq tül embarrıq tül edimI wouldn't have gone | senbarlıq tül ediŋ2barlıq tül eŋbarrıq tül ediŋyou wouldn't have gone | olbarlıq tül edi2barlıq tül edbarrıq tül edihe wouldn't have gone | bizbarlıq tül edik2barlıq tül ekbarrıq tül edikwe wouldn't have gone | sizbarlıq tül edigiz2barlıq tül egizbarrıq tül edigizyou all wouldn't have gone | alabarlıq tül edile2barlıq tül ellebarrıq tül edilethey wouldn't have gone |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
- Past conditional result (would have)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so barrıq edi
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menbarsamif I go | senbarsaŋif you go | olbarsaif he goes | bizbarsaqif we go | sizbarsağızif you all go | alabarsalaif they go |
| Conditional | menbarmasamif I don't go | senbarmasaŋif you don't go | olbarmasaif he doesn't go | bizbarmasaqif we don't go | sizbarmasağızif you all don't go | alabarmasalaif they don't go |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menbara esemif I am going | senbara eseŋif you are going | olbara eseif he is going | bizbara esekif we are going | sizbara esegizif you all are going | alabara eseleif they are going |
| Conditional, present real | menbarmay esemif I am not going | senbarmay eseŋif you are not going | olbarmay eseif he is not going | bizbarmay esekif we are not going | sizbarmay esegizif you all are not going | alabarmay eseleif they are not going |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menbarsam edibarsam edif only I went | senbarsaŋ edibarsaŋ edif only you went | olbarsa edibarsaedif only he went | bizbarsaq edibarsaq edif only we went | sizbarsağız edibarsağız edif only you all went | alabarsala edibarsalaedif only they went |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menbarmasam edibarmasam edif only I didn't go | senbarmasaŋ edibarmasaŋ edif only you didn't go | olbarmasa edibarmasaedif only he didn't go | bizbarmasaq edibarmasaq edif only we didn't go | sizbarmasağız edibarmasağız edif only you all didn't go | alabarmasala edibarmasalaedif only they didn't go |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menbarıb tursamif I carry on going | senbarıb tursaŋif you carry on going | olbarıb tursaif he carries on going | bizbarıb tursaqif we carry on going | sizbarıb tursağızif you all carry on going | alabarıb tursalaif they carry on going |
| Durative conditional | menbarıb turmasamif I don't carry on going | senbarıb turmasaŋif you don't carry on going | olbarıb turmasaif he doesn't carry on going | bizbarıb turmasaqif we don't carry on going | sizbarıb turmasağızif you all don't carry on going | alabarıb turmasalaif they don't carry on going |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menbarıb tura esemif I have kept going | senbarıb tura eseŋif you have kept going | olbarıb tura eseif he has kept going | bizbarıb tura esekif we have kept going | sizbarıb tura esegizif you all have kept going | alabarıb tura eseleif they have kept going |
| Durative conditional, present real | menbarıb turmay esemif I haven't kept going | senbarıb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept going | olbarıb turmay eseif he hasn't kept going | bizbarıb turmay esekif we haven't kept going | sizbarıb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept going | alabarıb turmay eseleif they haven't kept going |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menbara tursamif I keep going | senbara tursaŋif you keep going | olbara tursaif he keeps going | bizbara tursaqif we keep going | sizbara tursağızif you all keep going | alabara tursalaif they keep going |
| Progressive conditional | menbarmay tursamif I keep on not going | senbarmay tursaŋif you keep on not going | olbarmay tursaif he keeps on not going | bizbarmay tursaqif we keep on not going | sizbarmay tursağızif you all keep on not going | alabarmay tursalaif they keep on not going |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menbara tura esemif I am in the middle of going | senbara tura eseŋif you are in the middle of going | olbara tura eseif he is in the middle of going | bizbara tura esekif we are in the middle of going | sizbara tura esegizif you all are in the middle of going | alabara tura eseleif they are in the middle of going |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menbarmay tura esemif I keep on not going | senbarmay tura eseŋif you keep on not going | olbarmay tura eseif he keeps on not going | bizbarmay tura esekif we keep on not going | sizbarmay tura esegizif you all keep on not going | alabarmay tura eseleif they keep on not going |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past3 | menbardım esemif I went | senbardıŋ eseŋif you went | olbardı eseif he went | bizbardıq esekif we went | sizbardığız esegizif you all went | alabardıla eseleif they went |
| Conditional, definite past3 | menbarmadım esemif I didn't go | senbarmadıŋ eseŋif you didn't go | olbarmadı eseif he didn't go | bizbarmadıq esekif we didn't go | sizbarmadığız esegizif you all didn't go | alabarmadıla eseleif they didn't go |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menbarğan esemif I did go (indeed) | senbarğan eseŋif you did go (indeed) | olbarğan eseif he did go (indeed) | bizbarğan esekif we did go (indeed) | sizbarğan esegizif you all did go (indeed) | alabarğan eseleif they did go (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menbarmağan esemif I didn't go (indeed) | senbarmağan eseŋif you didn't go (indeed) | olbarmağan eseif he didn't go (indeed) | bizbarmağan esekif we didn't go (indeed) | sizbarmağan esegizif you all didn't go (indeed) | alabarmağan eseleif they didn't go (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menbarğan bolsamif I had gone | senbarğan bolsaŋif you had gone | olbarğan bolsaif he had gone | bizbarğan bolsaqif we had gone | sizbarğan bolsağızif you all had gone | alabarğan bolsalaif they had gone |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menbarmağan bolsamif I hadn't gone | senbarmağan bolsaŋif you hadn't gone | olbarmağan bolsaif he hadn't gone | bizbarmağan bolsaqif we hadn't gone | sizbarmağan bolsağızif you all hadn't gone | alabarmağan bolsalaif they hadn't gone |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menbarğan bolsam edibarğan bolsam edif only I had gone | senbarğan bolsaŋ edibarğan bolsaŋ edif only you had gone | olbarğan bolsa edibarğan bolsaedif only he had gone | bizbarğan bolsaq edibarğan bolsaq edif only we had gone | sizbarğan bolsağız edibarğan bolsağız edif only you all had gone | alabarğan bolsala edibarğan bolsalaedif only they had gone |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menbarmağan bolsam edibarmağan bolsam edif only I hadn't gone | senbarmağan bolsaŋ edibarmağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't gone | olbarmağan bolsa edibarmağan bolsaedif only he hadn't gone | bizbarmağan bolsaq edibarmağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't gone | sizbarmağan bolsağız edibarmağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't gone | alabarmağan bolsala edibarmağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't gone |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menbarır esemif I will go | senbarır eseŋif you will go | olbarır eseif he will go | bizbarır esekif we will go | sizbarır esegizif you all will go | alabarır eseleif they will go |
| Conditional, aorist | menbarmaz esemif I won't go | senbarmaz eseŋif you won't go | olbarmaz eseif he won't go | bizbarmaz esekif we won't go | sizbarmaz esegizif you all won't go | alabarmaz eseleif they won't go |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menbarlıq esem4barrıq esemif I am going to go | senbarlıq eseŋ4barrıq eseŋif you are going to go | olbarlıq ese4barrıq eseif he is going to go | bizbarlıq esek4barrıq esekif we are going to go | sizbarlıq esegiz4barrıq esegizif you all are going to go | alabarlıq esele4barrıq eseleif they are going to go |
| Conditional, future | menbarlıq tül esem4barrıq tül esemif I am not going to go | senbarlıq tül eseŋ4barrıq tül eseŋif you are not going to go | olbarlıq tül ese4barrıq tül eseif he is not going to go | bizbarlıq tül esek4barrıq tül esekif we are not going to go | sizbarlıq tül esegiz4barrıq tül esegizif you all are not going to go | alabarlıq tül esele4barrıq tül eseleif they are not going to go |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menbarlıq bolsam5barrıq bolsamif I were going to go | senbarlıq bolsaŋ5barrıq bolsaŋif you were going to go | olbarlıq bolsa5barrıq bolsaif he were going to go | bizbarlıq bolsaq5barrıq bolsaqif we were going to go | sizbarlıq bolsağız5barrıq bolsağızif you all were going to go | alabarlıq bolsala5barrıq bolsalaif they were going to go |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menbarmazlıq bolsamif I were not going to go | senbarmazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to go | olbarmazlıq bolsaif he were not going to go | bizbarmazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to go | sizbarmazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to go | alabarmazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to go |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso bardıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
- Conditional, futurespoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so barrıq ese
- Conditional, counterfactual futurespoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so barrıq bolsa
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menbara bolurmaI must be going | senbara bolursayou must be going | olbara bolurhe must be going | bizbara bolurbuzwe must be going | sizbara bolursuzyou all must be going | alabara bolurlathey must be going |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menbarmay bolurmaI must not be going | senbarmay bolursayou must not be going | olbarmay bolurhe must not be going | bizbarmay bolurbuzwe must not be going | sizbarmay bolursuzyou all must not be going | alabarmay bolurlathey must not be going |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menbara tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of going | senbara tura bolursayou must be in the middle of going | olbara tura bolurhe must be in the middle of going | bizbara tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of going | sizbara tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of going | alabara tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of going |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menbarmay tura bolurmaI must keep on not going | senbarmay tura bolursayou must keep on not going | olbarmay tura bolurhe must keep on not going | bizbarmay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not going | sizbarmay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not going | alabarmay tura bolurlathey must keep on not going |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menbarğan bolurmaI must have gone | senbarğan bolursayou must have gone | olbarğan bolurhe must have gone | bizbarğan bolurbuzwe must have gone | sizbarğan bolursuzyou all must have gone | alabarğan bolurlathey must have gone |
| Inference (must have) | menbarmağan bolurmaI must not have gone | senbarmağan bolursayou must not have gone | olbarmağan bolurhe must not have gone | bizbarmağan bolurbuzwe must not have gone | sizbarmağan bolursuzyou all must not have gone | alabarmağan bolurlathey must not have gone |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menbarlıq bolurma6barrıq bolurmaI must be going to go | senbarlıq bolursa6barrıq bolursayou must be going to go | olbarlıq bolur6barrıq bolurhe must be going to go | bizbarlıq bolurbuz6barrıq bolurbuzwe must be going to go | sizbarlıq bolursuz6barrıq bolursuzyou all must be going to go | alabarlıq bolurla6barrıq bolurlathey must be going to go |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menbarmazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to go | senbarmazlıq bolursayou must not be going to go | olbarmazlıq bolurhe must not be going to go | bizbarmazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to go | sizbarmazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to go | alabarmazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to go |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Inference, future (must be going to)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so barrıq bolur
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menbarayımlet me go | senbar!go! | olbarsınlet him go | bizbarayıqlet's go | sizbarığız!go, you all! | alabarsınlalet them go |
| Commands & suggestions | menbarmayımlet me not go | senbarma!don't go! | olbarmasınlet him not go | bizbarmayıqlet's not go | sizbarmağız!don't go, you all! | alabarmasınlalet them not go |
| Commands & suggestions | menbarayımmı?shall I go? | olbarsınmı?should he go? | bizbarayıqmı?shall we go? | alabarsınlamı?should they go? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menbarmayımmı?shall I not go? | olbarmasınmı?should he not go? | bizbarmayıqmı?shall we not go? | alabarmasınlamı?should they not go? | ||
| Requests | senbarçı7barçınplease go | olbarsınçıdo let him go | sizbarçığızplease go (plural/polite) | alabarsınlaçıdo let them go | ||
| Requests | senbarmaçı7barmaçınplease don't go | olbarmasınçıdo let him not go | sizbarmaçığızplease don't go (plural/polite) | alabarmasınlaçıdo let them not go | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senbarğınbarğımay you go | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senbarmağınbarmağımay you not go | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menbarğay edim barğa edimwould that I went | senbarğay ediŋ barğa ediŋwould that you went | olbarğay edi barğa ediwould that he went | bizbarğay edik barğa edikwould that we went | sizbarğay edigiz barğa edigizwould that you all went | alabarğay edile barğa edilewould that they went |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menbarmağay edim barmağa edimwould that I did not go | senbarmağay ediŋ barmağa ediŋwould that you did not go | olbarmağay edi barmağa ediwould that he did not go | bizbarmağay edik barmağa edikwould that we did not go | sizbarmağay edigiz barmağa edigizwould that you all did not go | alabarmağay edile barmağa edilewould that they did not go |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menbarmağa qoyayımbarma qoyayımlet me allow someone to go | senbarmağa qoy!barma qoy!let someone go! | olbarmağa qoysunbarma qoysunlet him allow someone to go | bizbarmağa qoyayıqbarma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to go | sizbarmağa qoyuğuz!barma qoyuğuz!let someone go, you all! | alabarmağa qoysunlabarma qoysunlalet them allow someone to go |
| Let someone… (commands) | menbarmağa qoymayımbarma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to go | senbarmağa qoyma!barma qoyma!don't let someone go! | olbarmağa qoymasınbarma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to go | bizbarmağa qoymayıqbarma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to go | sizbarmağa qoymağız!barma qoymağız!don't let someone go, you all! | alabarmağa qoymasınlabarma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to go |
| Let someone… (commands) | menbarmağa qoyayımmı?barma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to go? | olbarmağa qoysunmu?barma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to go? | bizbarmağa qoyayıqmı?barma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to go? | alabarmağa qoysunlamı?barma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to go? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menbarmağa qoymayımmı?barma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to go? | olbarmağa qoymasınmı?barma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to go? | bizbarmağa qoymayıqmı?barma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to go? | alabarmağa qoymasınlamı?barma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to go? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menbarmağa qoyamabarma qoyamaI allow someone to go | senbarmağa qoyasabarma qoyasayou allow someone to go | olbarmağa qoyadıbarma qoyadıhe allows someone to go | bizbarmağa qoyabızbarma qoyabızwe allow someone to go | sizbarmağa qoyasızbarma qoyasızyou all allow someone to go | alabarmağa qoyadılabarma qoyadılathey allow someone to go |
| Let someone… (present) | menbarmağa qoymaymabarma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to go | senbarmağa qoymaysabarma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to go | olbarmağa qoymaydıbarma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to go | bizbarmağa qoymaybızbarma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to go | sizbarmağa qoymaysızbarma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to go | alabarmağa qoymaydılabarma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to go |
| Let someone… (present) | menbarmağa qoyamamı?barma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to go? | senbarmağa qoyamısa?barma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to go? | olbarmağa qoyamıdı?barma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to go? | bizbarmağa qoyabızmı?barma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to go? | sizbarmağa qoyamısız?barma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to go? | alabarmağa qoyamıdıla?barma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to go? |
| Let someone… (present) | menbarmağa qoymaymamı?barma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to go? | senbarmağa qoymaymısa?barma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to go? | olbarmağa qoymaymıdı?barma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to go? | bizbarmağa qoymaybızmı?barma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to go? | sizbarmağa qoymaymısız?barma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to go? | alabarmağa qoymaymıdıla?barma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to go? |
| Let someone… (past) | menbarmağa qoydumbarma qoydumI allowed someone to go | senbarmağa qoyduŋbarma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to go | olbarmağa qoydubarma qoyduhe allowed someone to go | bizbarmağa qoyduqbarma qoyduqwe allowed someone to go | sizbarmağa qoyduğuzbarma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to go | alabarmağa qoydulabarma qoydulathey allowed someone to go |
| Let someone… (past) | menbarmağa qoymadımbarma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to go | senbarmağa qoymadıŋbarma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to go | olbarmağa qoymadıbarma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to go | bizbarmağa qoymadıqbarma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to go | sizbarmağa qoymadığızbarma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to go | alabarmağa qoymadılabarma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to go |
| Let someone… (past) | menbarmağa qoydummu?barma qoydummu?did I allow someone to go? | senbarmağa qoyduŋmu?barma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to go? | olbarmağa qoydumu?barma qoydumu?did he allow someone to go? | bizbarmağa qoyduqmu?barma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to go? | sizbarmağa qoyduğuzmu?barma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to go? | alabarmağa qoydulamı?barma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to go? |
| Let someone… (past) | menbarmağa qoymadımmı?barma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to go? | senbarmağa qoymadıŋmı?barma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to go? | olbarmağa qoymadımı?barma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to go? | bizbarmağa qoymadıqmı?barma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to go? | sizbarmağa qoymadığızmı?barma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to go? | alabarmağa qoymadılamı?barma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to go? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
baralırğa be able to go · baralmazğa be unable to go
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menbaralamaI can go | senbaralasayou can go | olbaraladıhe can go | bizbaralabızwe can go | sizbaralasızyou all can go | alabaraladılathey can go |
| Ability — present | menbaralmaymaI can't go | senbaralmaysayou can't go | olbaralmaydıhe can't go | bizbaralmaybızwe can't go | sizbaralmaysızyou all can't go | alabaralmaydılathey can't go |
| Ability — present | menbaralamamı? baralamıma?can I go? | senbaralamısa?can you go? | olbaralamıdı?can he go? | bizbaralabızmı? baralamıbız?can we go? | sizbaralamısız?can you all go? | alabaralamıdıla?can they go? |
| Ability — present | menbaralmaymamı? baralmaymıma?can't I go? | senbaralmaymısa?can't you go? | olbaralmaymıdı?can't he go? | bizbaralmaybızmı? baralmaymıbız?can't we go? | sizbaralmaymısız?can't you all go? | alabaralmaymıdıla?can't they go? |
| Ability — if I can… | menbaralsamif I can go | senbaralsaŋif you can go | olbaralsaif he can go | bizbaralsaqif we can go | sizbaralsağızif you all can go | alabaralsalaif they can go |
| Ability — if I can… | menbaralmasamif I can't go | senbaralmasaŋif you can't go | olbaralmasaif he can't go | bizbaralmasaqif we can't go | sizbaralmasağızif you all can't go | alabaralmasalaif they can't go |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menbaraldımI was able to go | senbaraldıŋyou were able to go | olbaraldıhe was able to go | bizbaraldıqwe were able to go | sizbaraldığızyou all were able to go | alabaraldılathey were able to go |
| Ability — simple past | menbaralmadımI could not go | senbaralmadıŋyou could not go | olbaralmadıhe could not go | bizbaralmadıqwe could not go | sizbaralmadığızyou all could not go | alabaralmadılathey could not go |
| Ability — simple past | menbaraldımmı?was I able to go? | senbaraldıŋmı?were you able to go? | olbaraldımı?was he able to go? | bizbaraldıqmı?were we able to go? | sizbaraldığızmı?were you all able to go? | alabaraldılamı?were they able to go? |
| Ability — simple past | menbaralmadımmı?couldn't I go? | senbaralmadıŋmı?couldn't you go? | olbaralmadımı?couldn't he go? | bizbaralmadıqmı?couldn't we go? | sizbaralmadığızmı?couldn't you all go? | alabaralmadılamı?couldn't they go? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbaralğanmaI have been able to go | senbaralğansayou have been able to go | olbaralğandıhe has been able to go | bizbaralğanbızwe have been able to go | sizbaralğansızyou all have been able to go | alabaralğandılathey have been able to go |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbaralmağanmaI haven't been able to go | senbaralmağansayou haven't been able to go | olbaralmağandıhe hasn't been able to go | bizbaralmağanbızwe haven't been able to go | sizbaralmağansızyou all haven't been able to go | alabaralmağandılathey haven't been able to go |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbaralğanmamı? baralğanmıma?have I been able to go? | senbaralğanmısa?have you been able to go? | olbaralğanmıdı?has he been able to go? | bizbaralğanbızmı? baralğanmıbız?have we been able to go? | sizbaralğanmısız?have you all been able to go? | alabaralğanmıdıla?have they been able to go? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbaralmağanmamı? baralmağanmıma?haven't I been able to go? | senbaralmağanmısa?haven't you been able to go? | olbaralmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to go? | bizbaralmağanbızmı? baralmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to go? | sizbaralmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to go? | alabaralmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to go? |
| Ability — past perfect | menbaralğan edimbaralğanemI had been able to go | senbaralğan ediŋbaralğaneŋyou had been able to go | olbaralğan edibaralğanedhe had been able to go | bizbaralğan edikbaralğanekwe had been able to go | sizbaralğan edigizbaralğanegizyou all had been able to go | alabaralğan edilebaralğanellethey had been able to go |
| Ability — past perfect | menbaralmağan edimbaralmağanemI hadn't been able to go | senbaralmağan ediŋbaralmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to go | olbaralmağan edibaralmağanedhe hadn't been able to go | bizbaralmağan edikbaralmağanekwe hadn't been able to go | sizbaralmağan edigizbaralmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to go | alabaralmağan edilebaralmağanellethey hadn't been able to go |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menbarala edimbaralaemI could go | senbarala ediŋbaralaeŋyou could go | olbarala edibaralaedhe could go | bizbarala edikbaralaekwe could go | sizbarala edigizbaralaegizyou all could go | alabarala edilebaralaellethey could go |
| Ability — past background | menbaralmay edimbaralmayemI could not go | senbaralmay ediŋbaralmayeŋyou could not go | olbaralmay edibaralmayedhe could not go | bizbaralmay edikbaralmayekwe could not go | sizbaralmay edigizbaralmayegizyou all could not go | alabaralmay edilebaralmayellethey could not go |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menbaralırmaI will be able to go | senbaralırsayou will be able to go | olbaralırhe will be able to go | bizbaralırbızwe will be able to go | sizbaralırsızyou all will be able to go | alabaralırlathey will be able to go |
| Ability — future I | menbaralmazmaI won't be able to go | senbaralmazsayou won't be able to go | olbaralmazhe won't be able to go | bizbaralmazbızwe won't be able to go | sizbaralmazsızyou all won't be able to go | alabaralmazlathey won't be able to go |
| Ability — future I | menbaralırmamı? baralırmıma?will I be able to go? | senbaralırmısa?will you be able to go? | olbaralırmı?will he be able to go? | bizbaralırbızmı? baralırmıbız?will we be able to go? | sizbaralırmısız?will you all be able to go? | alabaralırlamı? baralırmıla?will they be able to go? |
| Ability — future I | menbaralmazmamı? baralmazmıma?won't I be able to go? | senbaralmazmısa?won't you be able to go? | olbaralmazmı?won't he be able to go? | bizbaralmazbızmı? baralmazmıbız?won't we be able to go? | sizbaralmazmısız?won't you all be able to go? | alabaralmazlamı? baralmazmıla?won't they be able to go? |
| Ability — future II | menbarallıqmaI am going to be able to go | senbarallıqsayou are going to be able to go | olbarallıqdıhe is going to be able to go | bizbarallıqbızwe are going to be able to go | sizbarallıqsızyou all are going to be able to go | alabarallıqdılathey are going to be able to go |
| Ability — future II | menbarallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to go | senbarallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to go | olbarallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to go | bizbarallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to go | sizbarallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to go | alabarallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to go |
| Ability — future II | menbarallıqmamı? barallıqmıma?am I going to be able to go? | senbarallıqmısa?are you going to be able to go? | olbarallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to go? | bizbarallıqbızmı? barallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to go? | sizbarallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to go? | alabarallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to go? |
| Ability — future II | menbarallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to go? | senbarallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to go? | olbarallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to go? | bizbarallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to go? | sizbarallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to go? | alabarallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to go? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menbaralır edimbaralır emI would be able to go | senbaralır ediŋbaralır eŋyou would be able to go | olbaralır edibaralır edhe would be able to go | bizbaralır edikbaralır ekwe would be able to go | sizbaralır edigizbaralır egizyou all would be able to go | alabaralır edilebaralır ellethey would be able to go |
| Ability — would be able to… | menbaralmaz edimbaralmaz emI wouldn't be able to go | senbaralmaz ediŋbaralmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to go | olbaralmaz edibaralmaz edhe wouldn't be able to go | bizbaralmaz edikbaralmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to go | sizbaralmaz edigizbaralmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to go | alabaralmaz edilebaralmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to go |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senbaralğınbaralğımay you be able to go | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senbaralmağınbaralmağımay you not be able to go | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menbarırğa izleymeI want to go | senbarırğa izleyseyou want to go | olbarırğa izleydihe wants to go | bizbarırğa izleybizwe want to go | sizbarırğa izleysizyou all want to go | alabarırğa izleydilethey want to go |
| want to | menbarırğa izlemeymeI do not want to go | senbarırğa izlemeyseyou do not want to go | olbarırğa izlemeydihe does not want to go | bizbarırğa izlemeybizwe do not want to go | sizbarırğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to go | alabarırğa izlemeydilethey do not want to go |
| would like to | menbarırğa süemeI would like to go | senbarırğa süeseyou would like to go | olbarırğa süedihe would like to go | bizbarırğa süebizwe would like to go | sizbarırğa süesizyou all would like to go | alabarırğa süedilethey would like to go |
| would like to | menbarırğa süymeymeI would not like to go | senbarırğa süymeyseyou would not like to go | olbarırğa süymeydihe would not like to go | bizbarırğa süymeybizwe would not like to go | sizbarırğa süymeysizyou all would not like to go | alabarırğa süymeydilethey would not like to go |
| hope to | menbarırğa umutlanamaI hope to go | senbarırğa umutlanasayou hope to go | olbarırğa umutlanadıhe hopes to go | bizbarırğa umutlanabızwe hope to go | sizbarırğa umutlanasızyou all hope to go | alabarırğa umutlanadılathey hope to go |
| hope to | menbarırğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to go | senbarırğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to go | olbarırğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to go | bizbarırğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to go | sizbarırğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to go | alabarırğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to go |
| be about to | menbarırğa deb turamaI am about to go | senbarırğa deb turasayou are about to go | olbarırğa deb turadıhe is about to go | bizbarırğa deb turabızwe are about to go | sizbarırğa deb turasızyou all are about to go | alabarırğa deb turadılathey are about to go |
| be about to | menbarırğa deb turmaymaI am not about to go | senbarırğa deb turmaysayou are not about to go | olbarırğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to go | bizbarırğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to go | sizbarırğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to go | alabarırğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to go |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menbarırğa kerekmeI need to go | senbarırğa kerekseyou need to go | olbarırğa kerekdihe needs to go | bizbarırğa kerekbizwe need to go | sizbarırğa kereksizyou all need to go | alabarırğa kerekdilethey need to go |
| need to | menbarırğa kerek tülmeI do not need to go | senbarırğa kerek tülseyou do not need to go | olbarırğa kerek tüldühe does not need to go | bizbarırğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to go | sizbarırğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to go | alabarırğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to go |
| have to | menmenŋe barırğa tüşediI have to go | sensenŋe barırğa tüşediyou have to go | olaŋa barırğa tüşedihe has to go | bizbizge barırğa tüşediwe have to go | sizsizge barırğa tüşediyou all have to go | alaalağa barırğa tüşedithey have to go |
| have to | menmenŋe barırğa tüşmeydiI do not have to go | sensenŋe barırğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to go | olaŋa barırğa tüşmeydihe does not have to go | bizbizge barırğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to go | sizsizge barırğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to go | alaalağa barırğa tüşmeydithey do not have to go |
| be obliged to | menbarırğa borçlumaI am obliged to go | senbarırğa borçlusayou are obliged to go | olbarırğa borçluduhe is obliged to go | bizbarırğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to go | sizbarırğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to go | alabarırğa borçludulathey are obliged to go |
| be obliged to | menbarırğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to go | senbarırğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to go | olbarırğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to go | bizbarırğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to go | sizbarırğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to go | alabarırğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to go |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menbarırğa madarım bardıI have a way to go | senbarırğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to go | olbarırğa madarı bardıhe has a way to go | bizbarırğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to go | sizbarırğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to go | alabarırğa madarları bardıthey have a way to go |
| have a way to | menbarırğa madarım joqduI have no way to go | senbarırğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to go | olbarırğa madarı joqduhe has no way to go | bizbarırğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to go | sizbarırğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to go | alabarırğa madarları joqduthey have no way to go |
| be free to | menbarırğa erkinligim bardıI am free to go | senbarırğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to go | olbarırğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to go | bizbarırğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to go | sizbarırğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to go | alabarırğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to go |
| be free to | menbarırğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to go | senbarırğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to go | olbarırğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to go | bizbarırğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to go | sizbarırğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to go | alabarırğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to go |
| be possible to | menmenŋe barırğa bolluqduit is possible for me to go | sensenŋe barırğa bolluqduit is possible for you to go | olaŋa barırğa bolluqduit is possible for him to go | bizbizge barırğa bolluqduit is possible for us to go | sizsizge barırğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to go | alaalağa barırğa bolluqduit is possible for them to go |
| be possible to | menmenŋe barırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to go | sensenŋe barırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to go | olaŋa barırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to go | bizbizge barırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to go | sizsizge barırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to go | alaalağa barırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to go |
| be ready to | menbarırğa hazırmaI am ready to go | senbarırğa hazırsayou are ready to go | olbarırğa hazırdıhe is ready to go | bizbarırğa hazırbızwe are ready to go | sizbarırğa hazırsızyou all are ready to go | alabarırğa hazırdılathey are ready to go |
| be ready to | menbarırğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to go | senbarırğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to go | olbarırğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to go | bizbarırğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to go | sizbarırğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to go | alabarırğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to go |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menbarırğa küreşemeI am trying to go | senbarırğa küreşeseyou are trying to go | olbarırğa küreşedihe is trying to go | bizbarırğa küreşebizwe are trying to go | sizbarırğa küreşesizyou all are trying to go | alabarırğa küreşedilethey are trying to go |
| try to | menbarırğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to go | senbarırğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to go | olbarırğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to go | bizbarırğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to go | sizbarırğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to go | alabarırğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to go |
| agree to | menbarırğa unaymaI agree to go | senbarırğa unaysayou agree to go | olbarırğa unaydıhe agrees to go | bizbarırğa unaybızwe agree to go | sizbarırğa unaysızyou all agree to go | alabarırğa unaydılathey agree to go |
| agree to | menbarırğa unamaymaI refuse to go | senbarırğa unamaysayou refuse to go | olbarırğa unamaydıhe refuses to go | bizbarırğa unamaybızwe refuse to go | sizbarırğa unamaysızyou all refuse to go | alabarırğa unamaydılathey refuse to go |
| hurry to | menbarırğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to go | senbarırğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to go | olbarırğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to go | bizbarırğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to go | sizbarırğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to go | alabarırğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to go |
| hurry to | menbarırğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to go | senbarırğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to go | olbarırğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to go | bizbarırğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to go | sizbarırğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to go | alabarırğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to go |
| be afraid to | menbarırğa qorqamaI am afraid to go | senbarırğa qorqasayou are afraid to go | olbarırğa qorqadıhe is afraid to go | bizbarırğa qorqabızwe are afraid to go | sizbarırğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to go | alabarırğa qorqadılathey are afraid to go |
| be afraid to | menbarırğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to go | senbarırğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to go | olbarırğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to go | bizbarırğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to go | sizbarırğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to go | alabarırğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to go |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menbara bolmazmaI can't be going | senbara bolmazsayou can't be going | olbara bolmazhe can't be going | bizbara bolmazbızwe can't be going | sizbara bolmazsızyou all can't be going | alabara bolmazlathey can't be going |
| Inference, present — double negation | menbarmay bolmazmaI must be going (emphatic) | senbarmay bolmazsayou must be going (emphatic) | olbarmay bolmazhe must be going (emphatic) | bizbarmay bolmazbızwe must be going (emphatic) | sizbarmay bolmazsızyou all must be going (emphatic) | alabarmay bolmazlathey must be going (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menbara turmasamif I don't keep going | senbara turmasaŋif you don't keep going | olbara turmasaif he doesn't keep going | bizbara turmasaqif we don't keep going | sizbara turmasağızif you all don't keep going | alabara turmasalaif they don't keep going |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menbara tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of going | senbara tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of going | olbara tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of going | bizbara tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of going | sizbara tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of going | alabara tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of going |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menbarmay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not going (emphatic) | senbarmay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not going (emphatic) | olbarmay tura bolmazhe must keep on not going (emphatic) | bizbarmay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not going (emphatic) | sizbarmay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not going (emphatic) | alabarmay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not going (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menbarmay turamaI keep on not going | senbarmay turasayou keep on not going | olbarmay turadıhe keeps on not going | bizbarmay turabızwe keep on not going | sizbarmay turasızyou all keep on not going | alabarmay turadılathey keep on not going |
| Progressive — double negation | menbarmay turmaymaI am not keeping on not going | senbarmay turmaysayou are not keeping on not going | olbarmay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not going | bizbarmay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not going | sizbarmay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not going | alabarmay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not going |
| Progressive — double negation | menbarmay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not going? | senbarmay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not going? | olbarmay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not going? | bizbarmay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not going? | sizbarmay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not going? | alabarmay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not going? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menbarğan bolmazmaI can't have gone | senbarğan bolmazsayou can't have gone | olbarğan bolmazhe can't have gone | bizbarğan bolmazbızwe can't have gone | sizbarğan bolmazsızyou all can't have gone | alabarğan bolmazlathey can't have gone |
| Inference — double negation | menbarmağan bolmazmaI must have gone (emphatic) | senbarmağan bolmazsayou must have gone (emphatic) | olbarmağan bolmazhe must have gone (emphatic) | bizbarmağan bolmazbızwe must have gone (emphatic) | sizbarmağan bolmazsızyou all must have gone (emphatic) | alabarmağan bolmazlathey must have gone (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menbarğan bolmasamif it weren't that I had gone | senbarğan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had gone | olbarğan bolmasaif it weren't that he had gone | bizbarğan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had gone | sizbarğan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had gone | alabarğan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had gone |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menbarmağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't gone | senbarmağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't gone | olbarmağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't gone | bizbarmağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't gone | sizbarmağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't gone | alabarmağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't gone |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menbarlıq bolmazmaI can't be going to go | senbarlıq bolmazsayou can't be going to go | olbarlıq bolmazhe can't be going to go | bizbarlıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to go | sizbarlıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to go | alabarlıq bolmazlathey can't be going to go |
| Inference, future — double negation | menbarmazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to go (emphatic) | senbarmazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to go (emphatic) | olbarmazlıq bolmazhe must be going to go (emphatic) | bizbarmazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to go (emphatic) | sizbarmazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to go (emphatic) | alabarmazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to go (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menbarlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to go | senbarlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to go | olbarlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to go | bizbarlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to go | sizbarlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to go | alabarlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to go |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menbarmazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to go | senbarmazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to go | olbarmazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to go | bizbarmazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to go | sizbarmazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to go | alabarmazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to go |