barğan
/barʁan/ · plural barğanla
past participle of barırğa →
1. who goes, who flows; that goes, that flows; flowing, running — Before a noun it is active or passive: the noun's part in the action, and its time, are read from the sentence, as in barğan suw "running water" and alayğa barğanŋa soruğuz "ask the one who is going there".
- barğan suw — running water
- Alayğa barğanŋa soruğuz — ask the one who is going there
- Barğan suwnu qurtu bolmaz — flowing water has no worms in it
- Kökde barğan qazla nençadıla? — how many geese are going across the sky?
- ozub barğan — one passing by, a passerby
2. someone's going, the fact that someone goes; that someone goes — This is the possessed form barğanı, a whole clause used as a noun. After a verb like bilirge it reads as "that …". barğanın is barğanı plus a bare -n, not the accusative of barğan.
- Anı şaharğa barğanın bileme — I know that he went to town
- barğanı bla qaythanı teŋ boldu — no sooner had he gone than he came back
- Kim qalayda barğanı bilinmeydi — it is not known who went where
- Qalay nasıbdı alğa barğanı! — how fortunate it is that he is moving forward!
3. course, flow, movement, progress (of something) — Used in the possessed form barğanı, as in suwnu barğanı "the flow of the river", poezdni barğanı "the movement of the train" and işni barğanı "the progress of the business". It is used both literally and figuratively.
- suwnu barğanı — the flow of the river
- işni barğanı — the progress of the work
- jıyılıwnu barğanı — the course of the meeting
- İşni barğanı qalaydı? — how is the progress of the work?
Expressions
- bara barğan duniyada — sooner or later
- deberi barğan — capable, influential
- ol barğan jerge awruw, talaw barmasın — reply to a toast
- qalayğa barğan zatdı — makes no sense
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | barğanthe someone's going | barğanımmy someone's going | barğanıŋyour someone's going | barğanıhis someone's going | barğanıbızour someone's going | barğanığızyou all's someone's going | barğanlarıtheir someone's goings |
| Genitive | barğannıthe someone's going's | barğanımımy someone's going's | barğanıŋıyour someone's going's | barğanınıhis someone's going's | barğanıbıznıour someone's going's | barğanığıznıyou all's someone's going's | barğanlarınıtheir someone's goings' |
| Accusative | barğannıthe someone's going (as the object) | barğanımımy someone's going (as the object) | barğanıŋıyour someone's going (as the object) | barğanınhis someone's going (as the object) | barğanıbıznıour someone's going (as the object) | barğanığıznıyou all's someone's going (as the object) | barğanlarıntheir someone's goings (as the object) |
| Dative | barğanŋato the someone's going | barğanımato my someone's going | barğanıŋato your someone's going | barğanınato his someone's going | barğanıbızğato our someone's going | barğanığızğato you all's someone's going | barğanlarınato their someone's goings |
| Locative | barğandain / at the someone's going | barğanımdain / at my someone's going | barğanıŋdain / at your someone's going | barğanındain / at his someone's going | barğanıbızdain / at our someone's going | barğanığızdain / at you all's someone's going | barğanlarındain / at their someone's goings |
| Ablative | barğandanfrom the someone's going | barğanımdanfrom my someone's going | barğanıŋdanfrom your someone's going | barğanındanfrom his someone's going | barğanıbızdanfrom our someone's going | barğanığızdanfrom you all's someone's going | barğanlarındanfrom their someone's goings |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | barğanlathe someone's goings | barğanlarımmy someone's goings | barğanlarıŋyour someone's goings | barğanlarıhis someone's goings | barğanlarıbızour someone's goings | barğanlarığızyou all's someone's goings | barğanlarıtheir someone's goings |
| Genitive | barğanlanıthe someone's goings' | barğanlarımımy someone's goings' | barğanlarıŋıyour someone's goings' | barğanlarınıhis someone's goings' | barğanlarıbıznıour someone's goings' | barğanlarığıznıyou all's someone's goings' | barğanlarınıtheir someone's goings' |
| Accusative | barğanlanıthe someone's goings (as the object) | barğanlarımımy someone's goings (as the object) | barğanlarıŋıyour someone's goings (as the object) | barğanlarınhis someone's goings (as the object) | barğanlarıbıznıour someone's goings (as the object) | barğanlarığıznıyou all's someone's goings (as the object) | barğanlarıntheir someone's goings (as the object) |
| Dative | barğanlağato the someone's goings | barğanlarımato my someone's goings | barğanlarıŋato your someone's goings | barğanlarınato his someone's goings | barğanlarıbızğato our someone's goings | barğanlarığızğato you all's someone's goings | barğanlarınato their someone's goings |
| Locative | barğanladain / at the someone's goings | barğanlarımdain / at my someone's goings | barğanlarıŋdain / at your someone's goings | barğanlarındain / at his someone's goings | barğanlarıbızdain / at our someone's goings | barğanlarığızdain / at you all's someone's goings | barğanlarındain / at their someone's goings |
| Ablative | barğanladanfrom the someone's goings | barğanlarımdanfrom my someone's goings | barğanlarıŋdanfrom your someone's goings | barğanlarındanfrom his someone's goings | barğanlarıbızdanfrom our someone's goings | barğanlarığızdanfrom you all's someone's goings | barğanlarındanfrom their someone's goings |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: barğanları can mean "his / her someone's goings", "their someone's going", or "their someone's goings" — context decides.
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
Which reading? Look at what follows.
| barğan + noun | the one who goes (the noun is the doer) |
|---|---|
| barğanı, nothing after | someone's going |
| barğanı under bilirge, körürge | that someone goes |
Cases with an owner
The endings on barğanı, the form with a third-person owner. Every other owner takes the same six.
| nominative | barğanıhis / her having gone |
|---|---|
| genitive | barğanınıhis / her having gone's |
| accusative | barğanınhis / her having gone |
| dative | barğanınato his / her having gone |
| locative | barğanındawhen he / she went |
| ablative | barğanındanafter he / she went |
Negative
| the negative | barmağanthe one that didn't go |
|---|---|
| his / her | barmağanıhis / her not having gone |