alırğa
/alɯrʁa/
1. to take
- ol gırjın aldı — he took bread
- qolğa alırğa — to take in hand
- işni qolğa alırğa — to take the work in hand
- sabiyni qoynuŋa alırğa — to take a child into your arms
- esge alırğa — to take into account
- ortağa alırğa — to surround, to hem in
- tögeregin alırğa — to surround it
2. to buy, to purchase
- satıb alırğa — to buy
- munu üç somğa aldım — I bought this for three roubles
- bağa alırğa — to buy at a high price
- uçuz alırğa — to buy at a low price
3. to receive, to get, to earn
- ayğa jüz som aladı — he earns a hundred roubles a month
- ustalıq alırğa — to obtain a qualification
- ol işinden igi açha aladı — he earns good money from his work
- jaşım bıyıl ustalıq alğandı — my son has obtained a qualification this year
4. to take out, to remove, to extract — The place something is taken from stands in the ablative.
- jaradan oqnu alırğa — to extract the bullet from the wound
- atdan alırğa — to take someone down off the horse
- stoldan alırğa — to take something off the table
5. to rent, to hire, to borrow — Said of taking something for temporary use rather than owning it.
- jalğa alırğa — to take on hire, to rent
- hawh alırğa — to hire for temporary use
- biz üynü jalğa aldıq — we rented the house
6. to capture, to seize, to take — Said of a town, a position or other ground taken in war.
- şaharnı alırğa — to take the city
- asker elni aldı — the army took the village
- jawla bizni elibizni aldıla — the enemy took our village
7. to take away from someone, to deprive someone of something
- sıyırıb alırğa — to take away by force
- anı atın aldıla — they took his horse from him
- jaşdan kitabnı aldım — I took the book from the boy
- oŋun alırğa — to deprive someone of strength
- awruw anı oŋun alğandı — illness has taken away their strength
8. to admit, to enroll, to accept
- institutha alırğa — to enroll someone in the institute
- askerge alırğa — to call someone up into the army
- jüknü alırğa — to accept the load
9. to marry a woman, to take a wife
- süymegenimi qalay alayım? — how am I to marry one I do not love?
- erinçekni er almaz — no man will marry a lazy woman
- ol qıznı aldı — he married the girl
10. to subtract
- ondan beşni alırğa — to subtract five from ten
- altıdan ekini al — subtract two from six
- jüzden onnu aldıq — we subtracted ten from a hundred
11. to copy, to make a copy of — Said of a text, a document or a picture.
- kopiyasın alırğa — to make a copy of it
- ol qağıtnı kopiyasın aldı — he made a copy of the document
- biz suratnı kopiyasın aldıq — we made a copy of the picture
12. to perceive, to take in, to assimilate — Said of knowledge, information and habits picked up from others.
- bilim alırğa — to acquire knowledge
- aytılğannı terk alğan sabiy — a child who quickly grasps what is said
- qılıqnı alırğa — to acquire a habit
13. to collect, to levy — Said of taxes, fines and other required payments.
- bay jarlıdan tazir aladı — the rich man collects a fine from the poor man
- ala jarlıladan da tazir aladıla — they collect a fine even from the poor
- meni atamdan tazir aldıla — they collected a fine from my father
14. to occupy, to fill, to take up — Said of the space or room that something fills.
- kitabla bütew taphanı aldıla — the books occupied the whole shelf
- bu stol köb orun aladı — this table takes up a lot of space
- bu zatla köb orun aladıla — these things take up much space
15. to take a place, to hold a position — Said of a place in a contest or a ranking.
- mağanalı jerni aladı — it takes an important place
- jaşım birinçi orunnu alğandı — my son has taken first place
- ala ekinçi orunnu aldıla — they took second place
16. to prefer — The thing preferred over stands in the ablative.
- duniyanı mülkünden alır edim — I would prefer it to the wealth of the world
- biz jaynı qışdan alabız — we prefer summer to winter
- ol kitabnı oyundan aladı — he prefers a book to a game
17. to take as an example, to consider — Used when pointing to something for closer attention.
- söz üçün, bu kitabnı alayıq — let us take this book, for example
- endi qaraçay tilni alayıq — now let us take the Karachay language
- bizni elibizni alayıq — let us take our village
18. to overcome, to overwhelm, to grip — Said of a feeling or a thought that takes hold of someone.
- anı qorquw alğandı — fear has overwhelmed him
- anamı ullu quwanç alğandı — great joy has overcome my mother
- jaşnı jüregin sağış alğandı — worry has gripped the boy's heart
19. to take up, to consume, to require — Said of time, strength and other resources spent on something.
- zamannı köb alsa da — even if it takes much time
- bu iş köb zaman aladı — this work takes up much time
- ol iş köb qarıw alğandı — that work has consumed much strength
Expressions
- abdez alırğa — perform ablution
- açıwun alırğa — vent anger unfairly
- aqıl alırğa — make up one's mind
- arqasından qayişlik alırğa — beat, punish
Conjugation
Common forms
- aladıhe is taking
- aldıhe took
- alğandıhe has taken
- alırhe will take
- allıqdıhe is going to take
- ala edihe was taking
- alsaif he takes
- al!take!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menalamaI am taking | senalasayou are taking | olaladıhe is taking | bizalabızwe are taking | sizalasızyou all are taking | alaaladılathey are taking |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menalmaymaI am not taking | senalmaysayou are not taking | olalmaydıhe is not taking | bizalmaybızwe are not taking | sizalmaysızyou all are not taking | alaalmaydılathey are not taking |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menalamamı? alamıma?am I taking? | senalamısa?are you taking? | olalamıdı?is he taking? | bizalabızmı? alamıbız?are we taking? | sizalamısız?are you all taking? | alaalamıdıla?are they taking? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menalmaymamı? almaymıma?aren't I taking? | senalmaymısa?aren't you taking? | olalmaymıdı?isn't he taking? | bizalmaybızmı? almaymıbız?aren't we taking? | sizalmaymısız?aren't you all taking? | alaalmaymıdıla?aren't they taking? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menalıwçanmaI usually take | senalıwçansayou usually take | olalıwçandıhe usually takes | bizalıwçanbızwe usually take | sizalıwçansızyou all usually take | alaalıwçandılathey usually take |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menalıwçan tülmeI don't usually take | senalıwçan tülseyou don't usually take | olalıwçan tüldühe doesn't usually take | bizalıwçan tülbüzwe don't usually take | sizalıwçan tülsüzyou all don't usually take | alaalıwçan tüldülethey don't usually take |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menalıwçanmamı? alıwçanmıma?do I usually take? | senalıwçanmısa?do you usually take? | olalıwçanmıdı?does he usually take? | bizalıwçanbızmı? alıwçanmıbız?do we usually take? | sizalıwçanmısız?do you all usually take? | alaalıwçanmıdıla?do they usually take? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menalıwçan tülmüme?don't I usually take? | senalıwçan tülmüse?don't you usually take? | olalıwçan tülmüdü?doesn't he usually take? | bizalıwçan tülmübüz?don't we usually take? | sizalıwçan tülmüsüz?don't you all usually take? | alaalıwçan tülmüdüle?don't they usually take? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olalıbdıhe has taken and remains so | alaalıbdılathey have taken and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olalıbmıdı?has he taken? | alaalıbmıdıla?have they taken? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menala turamaI am in the middle of taking | senala turasayou are in the middle of taking | olala turadıhe is in the middle of taking | bizala turabızwe are in the middle of taking | sizala turasızyou all are in the middle of taking | alaala turadılathey are in the middle of taking |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menala turmaymaI am not in the middle of taking | senala turmaysayou are not in the middle of taking | olala turmaydıhe is not in the middle of taking | bizala turmaybızwe are not in the middle of taking | sizala turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of taking | alaala turmaydılathey are not in the middle of taking |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menala turamamı? ala turamıma?am I in the middle of taking? | senala turamısa?are you in the middle of taking? | olala turamıdı?is he in the middle of taking? | bizala turabızmı? ala turamıbız?are we in the middle of taking? | sizala turamısız?are you all in the middle of taking? | alaala turamıdıla?are they in the middle of taking? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menala turmaymamı? ala turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of taking? | senala turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of taking? | olala turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of taking? | bizala turmaybızmı? ala turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of taking? | sizala turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of taking? | alaala turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of taking? |
| Simple past (definite) | menaldımI took | senaldıŋyou took | olaldıhe took | bizaldıqwe took | sizaldığızyou all took | alaaldılathey took |
| Simple past (definite) | menalmadımI didn't take | senalmadıŋyou didn't take | olalmadıhe didn't take | bizalmadıqwe didn't take | sizalmadığızyou all didn't take | alaalmadılathey didn't take |
| Simple past (definite) | menaldımmı?did I take? | senaldıŋmı?did you take? | olaldımı?did he take? | bizaldıqmı?did we take? | sizaldığızmı?did you all take? | alaaldılamı?did they take? |
| Simple past (definite) | menalmadımmı?didn't I take? | senalmadıŋmı?didn't you take? | olalmadımı?didn't he take? | bizalmadıqmı?didn't we take? | sizalmadığızmı?didn't you all take? | alaalmadılamı?didn't they take? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menalğanmaI have taken | senalğansayou have taken | olalğandıhe has taken | bizalğanbızwe have taken | sizalğansızyou all have taken | alaalğandılathey have taken |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menalmağanmaI haven't taken | senalmağansayou haven't taken | olalmağandıhe hasn't taken | bizalmağanbızwe haven't taken | sizalmağansızyou all haven't taken | alaalmağandılathey haven't taken |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menalğanmamı? alğanmıma?have I taken? | senalğanmısa?have you taken? | olalğanmıdı?has he taken? | bizalğanbızmı? alğanmıbız?have we taken? | sizalğanmısız?have you all taken? | alaalğanmıdıla?have they taken? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menalmağanmamı? almağanmıma?haven't I taken? | senalmağanmısa?haven't you taken? | olalmağanmıdı?hasn't he taken? | bizalmağanbızmı? almağanmıbız?haven't we taken? | sizalmağanmısız?haven't you all taken? | alaalmağanmıdıla?haven't they taken? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menalırmaI will take | senalırsayou will take | olalırhe will take | bizalırbızwe will take | sizalırsızyou all will take | alaalırlathey will take |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menalmazmaI won't take | senalmazsayou won't take | olalmazhe won't take | bizalmazbızwe won't take | sizalmazsızyou all won't take | alaalmazlathey won't take |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menalırmamı? alırmıma?will I take? | senalırmısa?will you take? | olalırmı?will he take? | bizalırbızmı? alırmıbız?will we take? | sizalırmısız?will you all take? | alaalırlamı? alırmıla?will they take? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menalmazmamı? almazmıma?won't I take? | senalmazmısa?won't you take? | olalmazmı?won't he take? | bizalmazbızmı? almazmıbız?won't we take? | sizalmazmısız?won't you all take? | alaalmazlamı? almazmıla?won't they take? |
| Definite future (future II) | menallıqmaI am going to take | senallıqsayou are going to take | olallıqdıhe is going to take | bizallıqbızwe are going to take | sizallıqsızyou all are going to take | alaallıqdılathey are going to take |
| Definite future (future II) | menallıq tülmeI am not going to take | senallıq tülseyou are not going to take | olallıq tüldühe is not going to take | bizallıq tülbüzwe are not going to take | sizallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to take | alaallıq tüldülethey are not going to take |
| Definite future (future II) | menallıqmamı? allıqmıma?am I going to take? | senallıqmısa?are you going to take? | olallıqmıdı?is he going to take? | bizallıqbızmı? allıqmıbız?are we going to take? | sizallıqmısız?are you all going to take? | alaallıqmıdıla?are they going to take? |
| Definite future (future II) | menallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to take? | senallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to take? | olallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to take? | bizallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to take? | sizallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to take? | alaallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to take? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menalğan edimalğanemI had taken | senalğan ediŋalğaneŋyou had taken | olalğan edialğanedhe had taken | bizalğan edikalğanekwe had taken | sizalğan edigizalğanegizyou all had taken | alaalğan edilealğanellethey had taken |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menalmağan edimalmağanemI hadn't taken | senalmağan ediŋalmağaneŋyou hadn't taken | olalmağan edialmağanedhe hadn't taken | bizalmağan edikalmağanekwe hadn't taken | sizalmağan edigizalmağanegizyou all hadn't taken | alaalmağan edilealmağanellethey hadn't taken |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menala edimalaemI was taking | senala ediŋalaeŋyou were taking | olala edialaedhe was taking | bizala edikalaekwe were taking | sizala edigizalaegizyou all were taking | alaala edilealaellethey were taking |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menalmay edimalmayemI wasn't taking | senalmay ediŋalmayeŋyou weren't taking | olalmay edialmayedhe wasn't taking | bizalmay edikalmayekwe weren't taking | sizalmay edigizalmayegizyou all weren't taking | alaalmay edilealmayellethey weren't taking |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menalıwçan edimalıwçanemI used to take | senalıwçan ediŋalıwçaneŋyou used to take | olalıwçan edialıwçanedhe used to take | bizalıwçan edikalıwçanekwe used to take | sizalıwçan edigizalıwçanegizyou all used to take | alaalıwçan edilealıwçanellethey used to take |
| Habitual past (used to) | menalıwçan tül edimalıwçan tül emI didn't use to take | senalıwçan tül ediŋalıwçan tül eŋyou didn't use to take | olalıwçan tül edialıwçan tül edhe didn't use to take | bizalıwçan tül edikalıwçan tül ekwe didn't use to take | sizalıwçan tül edigizalıwçan tül egizyou all didn't use to take | alaalıwçan tül edilealıwçan tül ellethey didn't use to take |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olalıb edihe had taken and remained so | alaalıb edilethey had taken and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olalıb tül edihe hadn't taken | alaalıb tül edilethey hadn't taken | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menala tura edimala turaemI was in the middle of taking | senala tura ediŋala turaeŋyou were in the middle of taking | olala tura ediala turaedhe was in the middle of taking | bizala tura edikala turaekwe were in the middle of taking | sizala tura edigizala turaegizyou all were in the middle of taking | alaala tura edileala turaellethey were in the middle of taking |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menala turmay edimala turmayemI wasn't in the middle of taking | senala turmay ediŋala turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of taking | olala turmay ediala turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of taking | bizala turmay edikala turmayekwe weren't in the middle of taking | sizala turmay edigizala turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of taking | alaala turmay edileala turmayellethey weren't in the middle of taking |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menalır edimalır emI would take | senalır ediŋalır eŋyou would take | olalır edialır edhe would take | bizalır edikalır ekwe would take | sizalır edigizalır egizyou all would take | alaalır edilealır ellethey would take |
| Conditional result (would) | menalmaz edimalmaz emI wouldn't take | senalmaz ediŋalmaz eŋyou wouldn't take | olalmaz edialmaz edhe wouldn't take | bizalmaz edikalmaz ekwe wouldn't take | sizalmaz edigizalmaz egizyou all wouldn't take | alaalmaz edilealmaz ellethey wouldn't take |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menallıq edimallıq emI would have taken | senallıq ediŋallıq eŋyou would have taken | olallıq ediallıq edhe would have taken | bizallıq edikallıq ekwe would have taken | sizallıq edigizallıq egizyou all would have taken | alaallıq edileallıq ellethey would have taken |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menallıq tül edimallıq tül emI wouldn't have taken | senallıq tül ediŋallıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have taken | olallıq tül ediallıq tül edhe wouldn't have taken | bizallıq tül edikallıq tül ekwe wouldn't have taken | sizallıq tül edigizallıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have taken | alaallıq tül edileallıq tül ellethey wouldn't have taken |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menalsamif I take | senalsaŋif you take | olalsaif he takes | bizalsaqif we take | sizalsağızif you all take | alaalsalaif they take |
| Conditional | menalmasamif I don't take | senalmasaŋif you don't take | olalmasaif he doesn't take | bizalmasaqif we don't take | sizalmasağızif you all don't take | alaalmasalaif they don't take |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menala esemif I am taking | senala eseŋif you are taking | olala eseif he is taking | bizala esekif we are taking | sizala esegizif you all are taking | alaala eseleif they are taking |
| Conditional, present real | menalmay esemif I am not taking | senalmay eseŋif you are not taking | olalmay eseif he is not taking | bizalmay esekif we are not taking | sizalmay esegizif you all are not taking | alaalmay eseleif they are not taking |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menalsam edialsam edif only I took | senalsaŋ edialsaŋ edif only you took | olalsa edialsaedif only he took | bizalsaq edialsaq edif only we took | sizalsağız edialsağız edif only you all took | alaalsala edialsalaedif only they took |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menalmasam edialmasam edif only I didn't take | senalmasaŋ edialmasaŋ edif only you didn't take | olalmasa edialmasaedif only he didn't take | bizalmasaq edialmasaq edif only we didn't take | sizalmasağız edialmasağız edif only you all didn't take | alaalmasala edialmasalaedif only they didn't take |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menala tursamif I keep taking | senala tursaŋif you keep taking | olala tursaif he keeps taking | bizala tursaqif we keep taking | sizala tursağızif you all keep taking | alaala tursalaif they keep taking |
| Progressive conditional | menalmay tursamif I keep on not taking | senalmay tursaŋif you keep on not taking | olalmay tursaif he keeps on not taking | bizalmay tursaqif we keep on not taking | sizalmay tursağızif you all keep on not taking | alaalmay tursalaif they keep on not taking |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menala tura esemif I am in the middle of taking | senala tura eseŋif you are in the middle of taking | olala tura eseif he is in the middle of taking | bizala tura esekif we are in the middle of taking | sizala tura esegizif you all are in the middle of taking | alaala tura eseleif they are in the middle of taking |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menalmay tura esemif I keep on not taking | senalmay tura eseŋif you keep on not taking | olalmay tura eseif he keeps on not taking | bizalmay tura esekif we keep on not taking | sizalmay tura esegizif you all keep on not taking | alaalmay tura eseleif they keep on not taking |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menaldım esemif I took | senaldıŋ eseŋif you took | olaldı eseif he took | bizaldıq esekif we took | sizaldığız esegizif you all took | alaaldıla eseleif they took |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menalmadım esemif I didn't take | senalmadıŋ eseŋif you didn't take | olalmadı eseif he didn't take | bizalmadıq esekif we didn't take | sizalmadığız esegizif you all didn't take | alaalmadıla eseleif they didn't take |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menalğan esemif I did take (indeed) | senalğan eseŋif you did take (indeed) | olalğan eseif he did take (indeed) | bizalğan esekif we did take (indeed) | sizalğan esegizif you all did take (indeed) | alaalğan eseleif they did take (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menalmağan esemif I didn't take (indeed) | senalmağan eseŋif you didn't take (indeed) | olalmağan eseif he didn't take (indeed) | bizalmağan esekif we didn't take (indeed) | sizalmağan esegizif you all didn't take (indeed) | alaalmağan eseleif they didn't take (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menalğan bolsamif I had taken | senalğan bolsaŋif you had taken | olalğan bolsaif he had taken | bizalğan bolsaqif we had taken | sizalğan bolsağızif you all had taken | alaalğan bolsalaif they had taken |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menalmağan bolsamif I hadn't taken | senalmağan bolsaŋif you hadn't taken | olalmağan bolsaif he hadn't taken | bizalmağan bolsaqif we hadn't taken | sizalmağan bolsağızif you all hadn't taken | alaalmağan bolsalaif they hadn't taken |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menalğan bolsam edialğan bolsam edif only I had taken | senalğan bolsaŋ edialğan bolsaŋ edif only you had taken | olalğan bolsa edialğan bolsaedif only he had taken | bizalğan bolsaq edialğan bolsaq edif only we had taken | sizalğan bolsağız edialğan bolsağız edif only you all had taken | alaalğan bolsala edialğan bolsalaedif only they had taken |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menalmağan bolsam edialmağan bolsam edif only I hadn't taken | senalmağan bolsaŋ edialmağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't taken | olalmağan bolsa edialmağan bolsaedif only he hadn't taken | bizalmağan bolsaq edialmağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't taken | sizalmağan bolsağız edialmağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't taken | alaalmağan bolsala edialmağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't taken |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menalır esemif I will take | senalır eseŋif you will take | olalır eseif he will take | bizalır esekif we will take | sizalır esegizif you all will take | alaalır eseleif they will take |
| Conditional, aorist | menalmaz esemif I won't take | senalmaz eseŋif you won't take | olalmaz eseif he won't take | bizalmaz esekif we won't take | sizalmaz esegizif you all won't take | alaalmaz eseleif they won't take |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menallıq esemif I am going to take | senallıq eseŋif you are going to take | olallıq eseif he is going to take | bizallıq esekif we are going to take | sizallıq esegizif you all are going to take | alaallıq eseleif they are going to take |
| Conditional, future | menallıq tül esemif I am not going to take | senallıq tül eseŋif you are not going to take | olallıq tül eseif he is not going to take | bizallıq tül esekif we are not going to take | sizallıq tül esegizif you all are not going to take | alaallıq tül eseleif they are not going to take |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menallıq bolsamif I were going to take | senallıq bolsaŋif you were going to take | olallıq bolsaif he were going to take | bizallıq bolsaqif we were going to take | sizallıq bolsağızif you all were going to take | alaallıq bolsalaif they were going to take |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menalmazlıq bolsamif I were not going to take | senalmazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to take | olalmazlıq bolsaif he were not going to take | bizalmazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to take | sizalmazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to take | alaalmazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to take |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso aldıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menala bolurmaI must be taking | senala bolursayou must be taking | olala bolurhe must be taking | bizala bolurbuzwe must be taking | sizala bolursuzyou all must be taking | alaala bolurlathey must be taking |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menalmay bolurmaI must not be taking | senalmay bolursayou must not be taking | olalmay bolurhe must not be taking | bizalmay bolurbuzwe must not be taking | sizalmay bolursuzyou all must not be taking | alaalmay bolurlathey must not be taking |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menala tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of taking | senala tura bolursayou must be in the middle of taking | olala tura bolurhe must be in the middle of taking | bizala tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of taking | sizala tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of taking | alaala tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of taking |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menalmay tura bolurmaI must keep on not taking | senalmay tura bolursayou must keep on not taking | olalmay tura bolurhe must keep on not taking | bizalmay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not taking | sizalmay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not taking | alaalmay tura bolurlathey must keep on not taking |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menalğan bolurmaI must have taken | senalğan bolursayou must have taken | olalğan bolurhe must have taken | bizalğan bolurbuzwe must have taken | sizalğan bolursuzyou all must have taken | alaalğan bolurlathey must have taken |
| Inference (must have) | menalmağan bolurmaI must not have taken | senalmağan bolursayou must not have taken | olalmağan bolurhe must not have taken | bizalmağan bolurbuzwe must not have taken | sizalmağan bolursuzyou all must not have taken | alaalmağan bolurlathey must not have taken |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menallıq bolurmaI must be going to take | senallıq bolursayou must be going to take | olallıq bolurhe must be going to take | bizallıq bolurbuzwe must be going to take | sizallıq bolursuzyou all must be going to take | alaallıq bolurlathey must be going to take |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menalmazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to take | senalmazlıq bolursayou must not be going to take | olalmazlıq bolurhe must not be going to take | bizalmazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to take | sizalmazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to take | alaalmazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to take |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menalayımlet me take | senal!take! | olalsınlet him take | bizalayıqlet's take | sizalığız!take, you all! | alaalsınlalet them take |
| Commands & suggestions | menalmayımlet me not take | senalma!don't take! | olalmasınlet him not take | bizalmayıqlet's not take | sizalmağız!don't take, you all! | alaalmasınlalet them not take |
| Commands & suggestions | menalayımmı?shall I take? | olalsınmı?should he take? | bizalayıqmı?shall we take? | alaalsınlamı?should they take? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menalmayımmı?shall I not take? | olalmasınmı?should he not take? | bizalmayıqmı?shall we not take? | alaalmasınlamı?should they not take? | ||
| Requests | senalçı2alçınplease take | olalsınçıdo let him take | sizalçığızplease take (plural/polite) | alaalsınlaçıdo let them take | ||
| Requests | senalmaçı2almaçınplease don't take | olalmasınçıdo let him not take | sizalmaçığızplease don't take (plural/polite) | alaalmasınlaçıdo let them not take | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senalğınalğımay you take | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senalmağınalmağımay you not take | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menalğay edim alğa edimwould that I took | senalğay ediŋ alğa ediŋwould that you took | olalğay edi alğa ediwould that he took | bizalğay edik alğa edikwould that we took | sizalğay edigiz alğa edigizwould that you all took | alaalğay edile alğa edilewould that they took |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menalmağay edim almağa edimwould that I did not take | senalmağay ediŋ almağa ediŋwould that you did not take | olalmağay edi almağa ediwould that he did not take | bizalmağay edik almağa edikwould that we did not take | sizalmağay edigiz almağa edigizwould that you all did not take | alaalmağay edile almağa edilewould that they did not take |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menalmağa qoyayımalma qoyayımlet me allow someone to take | senalmağa qoy!alma qoy!let someone take! | olalmağa qoysunalma qoysunlet him allow someone to take | bizalmağa qoyayıqalma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to take | sizalmağa qoyuğuz!alma qoyuğuz!let someone take, you all! | alaalmağa qoysunlaalma qoysunlalet them allow someone to take |
| Let someone… (commands) | menalmağa qoymayımalma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to take | senalmağa qoyma!alma qoyma!don't let someone take! | olalmağa qoymasınalma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to take | bizalmağa qoymayıqalma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to take | sizalmağa qoymağız!alma qoymağız!don't let someone take, you all! | alaalmağa qoymasınlaalma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to take |
| Let someone… (commands) | menalmağa qoyayımmı?alma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to take? | olalmağa qoysunmu?alma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to take? | bizalmağa qoyayıqmı?alma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to take? | alaalmağa qoysunlamı?alma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to take? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menalmağa qoymayımmı?alma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to take? | olalmağa qoymasınmı?alma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to take? | bizalmağa qoymayıqmı?alma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to take? | alaalmağa qoymasınlamı?alma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to take? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menalmağa qoyamaalma qoyamaI allow someone to take | senalmağa qoyasaalma qoyasayou allow someone to take | olalmağa qoyadıalma qoyadıhe allows someone to take | bizalmağa qoyabızalma qoyabızwe allow someone to take | sizalmağa qoyasızalma qoyasızyou all allow someone to take | alaalmağa qoyadılaalma qoyadılathey allow someone to take |
| Let someone… (present) | menalmağa qoymaymaalma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to take | senalmağa qoymaysaalma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to take | olalmağa qoymaydıalma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to take | bizalmağa qoymaybızalma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to take | sizalmağa qoymaysızalma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to take | alaalmağa qoymaydılaalma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to take |
| Let someone… (present) | menalmağa qoyamamı?alma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to take? | senalmağa qoyamısa?alma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to take? | olalmağa qoyamıdı?alma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to take? | bizalmağa qoyabızmı?alma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to take? | sizalmağa qoyamısız?alma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to take? | alaalmağa qoyamıdıla?alma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to take? |
| Let someone… (present) | menalmağa qoymaymamı?alma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to take? | senalmağa qoymaymısa?alma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to take? | olalmağa qoymaymıdı?alma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to take? | bizalmağa qoymaybızmı?alma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to take? | sizalmağa qoymaymısız?alma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to take? | alaalmağa qoymaymıdıla?alma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to take? |
| Let someone… (past) | menalmağa qoydumalma qoydumI allowed someone to take | senalmağa qoyduŋalma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to take | olalmağa qoydualma qoyduhe allowed someone to take | bizalmağa qoyduqalma qoyduqwe allowed someone to take | sizalmağa qoyduğuzalma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to take | alaalmağa qoydulaalma qoydulathey allowed someone to take |
| Let someone… (past) | menalmağa qoymadımalma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to take | senalmağa qoymadıŋalma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to take | olalmağa qoymadıalma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to take | bizalmağa qoymadıqalma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to take | sizalmağa qoymadığızalma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to take | alaalmağa qoymadılaalma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to take |
| Let someone… (past) | menalmağa qoydummu?alma qoydummu?did I allow someone to take? | senalmağa qoyduŋmu?alma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to take? | olalmağa qoydumu?alma qoydumu?did he allow someone to take? | bizalmağa qoyduqmu?alma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to take? | sizalmağa qoyduğuzmu?alma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to take? | alaalmağa qoydulamı?alma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to take? |
| Let someone… (past) | menalmağa qoymadımmı?alma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to take? | senalmağa qoymadıŋmı?alma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to take? | olalmağa qoymadımı?alma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to take? | bizalmağa qoymadıqmı?alma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to take? | sizalmağa qoymadığızmı?alma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to take? | alaalmağa qoymadılamı?alma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to take? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menalalamaI can take | senalalasayou can take | olalaladıhe can take | bizalalabızwe can take | sizalalasızyou all can take | alaalaladılathey can take |
| Ability — present | menalalmaymaI can't take | senalalmaysayou can't take | olalalmaydıhe can't take | bizalalmaybızwe can't take | sizalalmaysızyou all can't take | alaalalmaydılathey can't take |
| Ability — present | menalalamamı? alalamıma?can I take? | senalalamısa?can you take? | olalalamıdı?can he take? | bizalalabızmı? alalamıbız?can we take? | sizalalamısız?can you all take? | alaalalamıdıla?can they take? |
| Ability — present | menalalmaymamı? alalmaymıma?can't I take? | senalalmaymısa?can't you take? | olalalmaymıdı?can't he take? | bizalalmaybızmı? alalmaymıbız?can't we take? | sizalalmaymısız?can't you all take? | alaalalmaymıdıla?can't they take? |
| Ability — if I can… | menalalsamif I can take | senalalsaŋif you can take | olalalsaif he can take | bizalalsaqif we can take | sizalalsağızif you all can take | alaalalsalaif they can take |
| Ability — if I can… | menalalmasamif I can't take | senalalmasaŋif you can't take | olalalmasaif he can't take | bizalalmasaqif we can't take | sizalalmasağızif you all can't take | alaalalmasalaif they can't take |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menalaldımI was able to take | senalaldıŋyou were able to take | olalaldıhe was able to take | bizalaldıqwe were able to take | sizalaldığızyou all were able to take | alaalaldılathey were able to take |
| Ability — simple past | menalalmadımI could not take | senalalmadıŋyou could not take | olalalmadıhe could not take | bizalalmadıqwe could not take | sizalalmadığızyou all could not take | alaalalmadılathey could not take |
| Ability — simple past | menalaldımmı?was I able to take? | senalaldıŋmı?were you able to take? | olalaldımı?was he able to take? | bizalaldıqmı?were we able to take? | sizalaldığızmı?were you all able to take? | alaalaldılamı?were they able to take? |
| Ability — simple past | menalalmadımmı?couldn't I take? | senalalmadıŋmı?couldn't you take? | olalalmadımı?couldn't he take? | bizalalmadıqmı?couldn't we take? | sizalalmadığızmı?couldn't you all take? | alaalalmadılamı?couldn't they take? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menalalğanmaI have been able to take | senalalğansayou have been able to take | olalalğandıhe has been able to take | bizalalğanbızwe have been able to take | sizalalğansızyou all have been able to take | alaalalğandılathey have been able to take |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menalalmağanmaI haven't been able to take | senalalmağansayou haven't been able to take | olalalmağandıhe hasn't been able to take | bizalalmağanbızwe haven't been able to take | sizalalmağansızyou all haven't been able to take | alaalalmağandılathey haven't been able to take |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menalalğanmamı? alalğanmıma?have I been able to take? | senalalğanmısa?have you been able to take? | olalalğanmıdı?has he been able to take? | bizalalğanbızmı? alalğanmıbız?have we been able to take? | sizalalğanmısız?have you all been able to take? | alaalalğanmıdıla?have they been able to take? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menalalmağanmamı? alalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to take? | senalalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to take? | olalalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to take? | bizalalmağanbızmı? alalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to take? | sizalalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to take? | alaalalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to take? |
| Ability — past perfect | menalalğan edimalalğanemI had been able to take | senalalğan ediŋalalğaneŋyou had been able to take | olalalğan edialalğanedhe had been able to take | bizalalğan edikalalğanekwe had been able to take | sizalalğan edigizalalğanegizyou all had been able to take | alaalalğan edilealalğanellethey had been able to take |
| Ability — past perfect | menalalmağan edimalalmağanemI hadn't been able to take | senalalmağan ediŋalalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to take | olalalmağan edialalmağanedhe hadn't been able to take | bizalalmağan edikalalmağanekwe hadn't been able to take | sizalalmağan edigizalalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to take | alaalalmağan edilealalmağanellethey hadn't been able to take |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menalala edimalalaemI could take | senalala ediŋalalaeŋyou could take | olalala edialalaedhe could take | bizalala edikalalaekwe could take | sizalala edigizalalaegizyou all could take | alaalala edilealalaellethey could take |
| Ability — past background | menalalmay edimalalmayemI could not take | senalalmay ediŋalalmayeŋyou could not take | olalalmay edialalmayedhe could not take | bizalalmay edikalalmayekwe could not take | sizalalmay edigizalalmayegizyou all could not take | alaalalmay edilealalmayellethey could not take |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menalalırmaI will be able to take | senalalırsayou will be able to take | olalalırhe will be able to take | bizalalırbızwe will be able to take | sizalalırsızyou all will be able to take | alaalalırlathey will be able to take |
| Ability — future I | menalalmazmaI won't be able to take | senalalmazsayou won't be able to take | olalalmazhe won't be able to take | bizalalmazbızwe won't be able to take | sizalalmazsızyou all won't be able to take | alaalalmazlathey won't be able to take |
| Ability — future I | menalalırmamı? alalırmıma?will I be able to take? | senalalırmısa?will you be able to take? | olalalırmı?will he be able to take? | bizalalırbızmı? alalırmıbız?will we be able to take? | sizalalırmısız?will you all be able to take? | alaalalırlamı? alalırmıla?will they be able to take? |
| Ability — future I | menalalmazmamı? alalmazmıma?won't I be able to take? | senalalmazmısa?won't you be able to take? | olalalmazmı?won't he be able to take? | bizalalmazbızmı? alalmazmıbız?won't we be able to take? | sizalalmazmısız?won't you all be able to take? | alaalalmazlamı? alalmazmıla?won't they be able to take? |
| Ability — future II | menalallıqmaI am going to be able to take | senalallıqsayou are going to be able to take | olalallıqdıhe is going to be able to take | bizalallıqbızwe are going to be able to take | sizalallıqsızyou all are going to be able to take | alaalallıqdılathey are going to be able to take |
| Ability — future II | menalallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to take | senalallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to take | olalallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to take | bizalallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to take | sizalallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to take | alaalallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to take |
| Ability — future II | menalallıqmamı? alallıqmıma?am I going to be able to take? | senalallıqmısa?are you going to be able to take? | olalallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to take? | bizalallıqbızmı? alallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to take? | sizalallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to take? | alaalallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to take? |
| Ability — future II | menalallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to take? | senalallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to take? | olalallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to take? | bizalallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to take? | sizalallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to take? | alaalallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to take? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menalalır edimalalır emI would be able to take | senalalır ediŋalalır eŋyou would be able to take | olalalır edialalır edhe would be able to take | bizalalır edikalalır ekwe would be able to take | sizalalır edigizalalır egizyou all would be able to take | alaalalır edilealalır ellethey would be able to take |
| Ability — would be able to… | menalalmaz edimalalmaz emI wouldn't be able to take | senalalmaz ediŋalalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to take | olalalmaz edialalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to take | bizalalmaz edikalalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to take | sizalalmaz edigizalalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to take | alaalalmaz edilealalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to take |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senalalğınalalğımay you be able to take | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senalalmağınalalmağımay you not be able to take | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menalırğa izleymeI want to take | senalırğa izleyseyou want to take | olalırğa izleydihe wants to take | bizalırğa izleybizwe want to take | sizalırğa izleysizyou all want to take | alaalırğa izleydilethey want to take |
| want to | menalırğa izlemeymeI do not want to take | senalırğa izlemeyseyou do not want to take | olalırğa izlemeydihe does not want to take | bizalırğa izlemeybizwe do not want to take | sizalırğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to take | alaalırğa izlemeydilethey do not want to take |
| would like to | menalırğa süemeI would like to take | senalırğa süeseyou would like to take | olalırğa süedihe would like to take | bizalırğa süebizwe would like to take | sizalırğa süesizyou all would like to take | alaalırğa süedilethey would like to take |
| would like to | menalırğa süymeymeI would not like to take | senalırğa süymeyseyou would not like to take | olalırğa süymeydihe would not like to take | bizalırğa süymeybizwe would not like to take | sizalırğa süymeysizyou all would not like to take | alaalırğa süymeydilethey would not like to take |
| hope to | menalırğa umutlanamaI hope to take | senalırğa umutlanasayou hope to take | olalırğa umutlanadıhe hopes to take | bizalırğa umutlanabızwe hope to take | sizalırğa umutlanasızyou all hope to take | alaalırğa umutlanadılathey hope to take |
| hope to | menalırğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to take | senalırğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to take | olalırğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to take | bizalırğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to take | sizalırğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to take | alaalırğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to take |
| be about to | menalırğa deb turamaI am about to take | senalırğa deb turasayou are about to take | olalırğa deb turadıhe is about to take | bizalırğa deb turabızwe are about to take | sizalırğa deb turasızyou all are about to take | alaalırğa deb turadılathey are about to take |
| be about to | menalırğa deb turmaymaI am not about to take | senalırğa deb turmaysayou are not about to take | olalırğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to take | bizalırğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to take | sizalırğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to take | alaalırğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to take |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menalırğa kerekmeI need to take | senalırğa kerekseyou need to take | olalırğa kerekdihe needs to take | bizalırğa kerekbizwe need to take | sizalırğa kereksizyou all need to take | alaalırğa kerekdilethey need to take |
| need to | menalırğa kerek tülmeI do not need to take | senalırğa kerek tülseyou do not need to take | olalırğa kerek tüldühe does not need to take | bizalırğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to take | sizalırğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to take | alaalırğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to take |
| have to | menmenŋe alırğa tüşediI have to take | sensenŋe alırğa tüşediyou have to take | olaŋa alırğa tüşedihe has to take | bizbizge alırğa tüşediwe have to take | sizsizge alırğa tüşediyou all have to take | alaalağa alırğa tüşedithey have to take |
| have to | menmenŋe alırğa tüşmeydiI do not have to take | sensenŋe alırğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to take | olaŋa alırğa tüşmeydihe does not have to take | bizbizge alırğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to take | sizsizge alırğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to take | alaalağa alırğa tüşmeydithey do not have to take |
| be obliged to | menalırğa borçlumaI am obliged to take | senalırğa borçlusayou are obliged to take | olalırğa borçluduhe is obliged to take | bizalırğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to take | sizalırğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to take | alaalırğa borçludulathey are obliged to take |
| be obliged to | menalırğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to take | senalırğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to take | olalırğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to take | bizalırğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to take | sizalırğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to take | alaalırğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to take |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menalırğa madarım bardıI have a way to take | senalırğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to take | olalırğa madarı bardıhe has a way to take | bizalırğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to take | sizalırğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to take | alaalırğa madarları bardıthey have a way to take |
| have a way to | menalırğa madarım joqduI have no way to take | senalırğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to take | olalırğa madarı joqduhe has no way to take | bizalırğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to take | sizalırğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to take | alaalırğa madarları joqduthey have no way to take |
| be free to | menalırğa erkinligim bardıI am free to take | senalırğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to take | olalırğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to take | bizalırğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to take | sizalırğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to take | alaalırğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to take |
| be free to | menalırğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to take | senalırğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to take | olalırğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to take | bizalırğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to take | sizalırğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to take | alaalırğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to take |
| be possible to | menmenŋe alırğa bolluqduit is possible for me to take | sensenŋe alırğa bolluqduit is possible for you to take | olaŋa alırğa bolluqduit is possible for him to take | bizbizge alırğa bolluqduit is possible for us to take | sizsizge alırğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to take | alaalağa alırğa bolluqduit is possible for them to take |
| be possible to | menmenŋe alırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to take | sensenŋe alırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to take | olaŋa alırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to take | bizbizge alırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to take | sizsizge alırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to take | alaalağa alırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to take |
| be ready to | menalırğa hazırmaI am ready to take | senalırğa hazırsayou are ready to take | olalırğa hazırdıhe is ready to take | bizalırğa hazırbızwe are ready to take | sizalırğa hazırsızyou all are ready to take | alaalırğa hazırdılathey are ready to take |
| be ready to | menalırğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to take | senalırğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to take | olalırğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to take | bizalırğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to take | sizalırğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to take | alaalırğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to take |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menalırğa küreşemeI am trying to take | senalırğa küreşeseyou are trying to take | olalırğa küreşedihe is trying to take | bizalırğa küreşebizwe are trying to take | sizalırğa küreşesizyou all are trying to take | alaalırğa küreşedilethey are trying to take |
| try to | menalırğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to take | senalırğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to take | olalırğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to take | bizalırğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to take | sizalırğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to take | alaalırğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to take |
| agree to | menalırğa unaymaI agree to take | senalırğa unaysayou agree to take | olalırğa unaydıhe agrees to take | bizalırğa unaybızwe agree to take | sizalırğa unaysızyou all agree to take | alaalırğa unaydılathey agree to take |
| agree to | menalırğa unamaymaI refuse to take | senalırğa unamaysayou refuse to take | olalırğa unamaydıhe refuses to take | bizalırğa unamaybızwe refuse to take | sizalırğa unamaysızyou all refuse to take | alaalırğa unamaydılathey refuse to take |
| hurry to | menalırğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to take | senalırğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to take | olalırğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to take | bizalırğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to take | sizalırğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to take | alaalırğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to take |
| hurry to | menalırğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to take | senalırğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to take | olalırğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to take | bizalırğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to take | sizalırğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to take | alaalırğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to take |
| be afraid to | menalırğa qorqamaI am afraid to take | senalırğa qorqasayou are afraid to take | olalırğa qorqadıhe is afraid to take | bizalırğa qorqabızwe are afraid to take | sizalırğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to take | alaalırğa qorqadılathey are afraid to take |
| be afraid to | menalırğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to take | senalırğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to take | olalırğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to take | bizalırğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to take | sizalırğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to take | alaalırğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to take |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menala bolmazmaI can't be taking | senala bolmazsayou can't be taking | olala bolmazhe can't be taking | bizala bolmazbızwe can't be taking | sizala bolmazsızyou all can't be taking | alaala bolmazlathey can't be taking |
| Inference, present — double negation | menalmay bolmazmaI must be taking (emphatic) | senalmay bolmazsayou must be taking (emphatic) | olalmay bolmazhe must be taking (emphatic) | bizalmay bolmazbızwe must be taking (emphatic) | sizalmay bolmazsızyou all must be taking (emphatic) | alaalmay bolmazlathey must be taking (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menala turmasamif I don't keep taking | senala turmasaŋif you don't keep taking | olala turmasaif he doesn't keep taking | bizala turmasaqif we don't keep taking | sizala turmasağızif you all don't keep taking | alaala turmasalaif they don't keep taking |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menala tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of taking | senala tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of taking | olala tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of taking | bizala tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of taking | sizala tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of taking | alaala tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of taking |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menalmay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not taking (emphatic) | senalmay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not taking (emphatic) | olalmay tura bolmazhe must keep on not taking (emphatic) | bizalmay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not taking (emphatic) | sizalmay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not taking (emphatic) | alaalmay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not taking (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menalmay turamaI keep on not taking | senalmay turasayou keep on not taking | olalmay turadıhe keeps on not taking | bizalmay turabızwe keep on not taking | sizalmay turasızyou all keep on not taking | alaalmay turadılathey keep on not taking |
| Progressive — double negation | menalmay turmaymaI am not keeping on not taking | senalmay turmaysayou are not keeping on not taking | olalmay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not taking | bizalmay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not taking | sizalmay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not taking | alaalmay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not taking |
| Progressive — double negation | menalmay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not taking? | senalmay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not taking? | olalmay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not taking? | bizalmay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not taking? | sizalmay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not taking? | alaalmay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not taking? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menalğan bolmazmaI can't have taken | senalğan bolmazsayou can't have taken | olalğan bolmazhe can't have taken | bizalğan bolmazbızwe can't have taken | sizalğan bolmazsızyou all can't have taken | alaalğan bolmazlathey can't have taken |
| Inference — double negation | menalmağan bolmazmaI must have taken (emphatic) | senalmağan bolmazsayou must have taken (emphatic) | olalmağan bolmazhe must have taken (emphatic) | bizalmağan bolmazbızwe must have taken (emphatic) | sizalmağan bolmazsızyou all must have taken (emphatic) | alaalmağan bolmazlathey must have taken (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menalğan bolmasamif it weren't that I had taken | senalğan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had taken | olalğan bolmasaif it weren't that he had taken | bizalğan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had taken | sizalğan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had taken | alaalğan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had taken |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menalmağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't taken | senalmağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't taken | olalmağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't taken | bizalmağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't taken | sizalmağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't taken | alaalmağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't taken |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menallıq bolmazmaI can't be going to take | senallıq bolmazsayou can't be going to take | olallıq bolmazhe can't be going to take | bizallıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to take | sizallıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to take | alaallıq bolmazlathey can't be going to take |
| Inference, future — double negation | menalmazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to take (emphatic) | senalmazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to take (emphatic) | olalmazlıq bolmazhe must be going to take (emphatic) | bizalmazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to take (emphatic) | sizalmazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to take (emphatic) | alaalmazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to take (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menallıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to take | senallıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to take | olallıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to take | bizallıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to take | sizallıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to take | alaallıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to take |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menalmazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to take | senalmazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to take | olalmazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to take | bizalmazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to take | sizalmazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to take | alaalmazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to take |