tüşerge
/tyʃerɡe/
1. fall, drop, drop down — Also said of rain or snow falling and of hair falling out.
- qol jawluğum hurjunumdan tüşüb ketgendi — my handkerchief has fallen out of my pocket
- alma terekden tüşdü — the apple fell from the tree
- qar tüşgendi — snow has fallen
- çaçı tüşedi — his hair is falling out
2. get off, get down, descend, come down — Said of getting off a horse or out of a vehicle, or of coming down from a height.
- atdan tüşerge — to get off a horse, to dismount
- tawdan tüşerge — to come down from a mountain
- atlawuçladan tüşerge — to go down the stairs
- tawdan tüşüb keledile — they are coming down from the mountain
- atdan sekirib tüşdü — he jumped down from the horse
3. land, alight — Said of an aircraft or a bird.
- samolöt tüşdü — the plane landed
- quş butaqğa tüşdü — the bird alighted on the branch
4. descend on someone, befall, strike — Said of misfortune or danger.
- alağa qıyınlıq tüşdü — misfortune befell them
- anŋa qorquw tüşdü — danger loomed over him
- halqğa açlıq tüşdü — famine struck the people
- anı başına buşuw tüşdü — grief befell him
- üyge qıyınlıq tüşdü — misfortune descended on the house
5. fall to, rest on — Said of a duty, a burden, blame or an honor falling to someone, who stands in the dative.
- munu etgen senŋe tüşmeydi — doing this does not fall to you
6. have to, must, be obliged to — Impersonal: the verb follows an infinitive, and the person obliged stands in the dative.
- menŋe barırğa tüşdü — I had to go
- izlerge tüşedi — one has to look for it
- bizge keterge tüşerikdi — we will have to leave
- jaşarğa tüşedi — one has to live
- teşerge tüşe edi — one had to bore through it
7. end up, find oneself in a place or situation
- qıyınlıqğa tüşdük — we ended up in trouble
- tanımağan jerime tüşüb qaldım — I found myself in a place I didn't know
- töşekge tüşerge — to take to one's bed
- jaman qazağa tüşerge — to fall into misfortune
8. be caught, be trapped, be taken captive
- qabhanŋa tüşdü — it was caught in the trap
- urlab tüşgendi — he was caught stealing
- jesirge tüşdüle — they were taken captive
9. set in, arrive — Said of a season or of weather.
- qış tüşdü — winter set in
- suwuq tüşgünçü — before the cold sets in
- jay tüşgendi — summer has set in
10. decrease, decline, go down — Said of a level, a price, a temperature or a person's standing.
- sıyı tüşgendi — his standing has declined
- bağası tüşdü — its price went down
- bağala tüşdüle — the prices went down
11. fall on, coincide with — Said of a date or a period.
- bayram şabat künŋe tüşedi — the holiday falls on Saturday
- tuwğan künüm ıyıh künŋe tüşedi — my birthday falls on Sunday
- jıyılıw bayrım künŋe tüşdü — the meeting fell on Friday
12. arise, break out; suddenly appear or turn up
- ot tüşdü — a fire broke out
- tob deb ol tüşdü — he suddenly appeared
- qaydan tüşdüŋ — where did you turn up from
13. move in, settle in — Said of moving into a dwelling. Also said of a feeling such as anxiety settling in the heart (qayğı tüşdü).
- jaŋı üyge tüşdüle — they moved into a new house
- patarğa tüşdüm — I moved into the apartment
- qaçan jaŋı üyge tüşese — when are you moving into the new house
- qayğı tüşgendi — anxiety has set in
14. stay, put up — Said of staying at a hotel or as a guest for a time. one source
- alanı üylerine tüşdük — we stayed at their house
15. enroll, join, enter — Said of joining an organization, a class, a group or a workplace. one source
- işge tüşdü — he started work
- jıyınŋa tüşdüm — I joined the group
- qawumğa qaçan tüşdüŋ — when did you join the team
16. come in, be received — Said of money. one source
- bügün açha jüz som tüşgendi — a hundred rubles in money came in today
- bügün köb açha tüşdü — a lot of money came in today
- açha tüşmegendi — no money has come in
17. accrue, be incurred — Said of a profit or a loss falling to someone.
- mülkge zaran tüşdü — the farm incurred a loss
- mülkge hayır tüşerikdi — a profit will accrue to the farm
- bizge zaran tüşdü — we incurred a loss
18. present itself, come up — Said of a chance or an opportunity. one source
- tabı tüşdü — a good chance presented itself
- oŋ tüşmedi — no chance presented itself
- tabı tüşse, kelirme — if the chance comes up, I will come
19. come down in price, reduce the asking price — Said of a seller lowering the price.
- bağasından tüşdü — he came down in price
- satıwçu bağasından tüşmedi — the seller did not come down in price
- bağasından bir som tüşdü — he came down one ruble in price
20. be imprinted, be stamped, be applied — Said of a pattern printed on cloth or on another surface.
- oyuw tüşgendi — the pattern has been imprinted
- qumaçha oyuw tüşgendi — a pattern has been printed on the cloth
- ariw oyuwla tüşgendile — beautiful patterns have been applied
- çapıraqla tüşgen hota — an apron printed with leaves
21. be entered, be recorded, be written down — Said of what is put down on paper or in a list.
- atım tizmege tüşdü — my name went onto the list
- sözü qağıtha tüşdü — his words were put down on paper
- jıyılıwda aytılğan qağıtha tüşdü — what was said at the meeting was recorded
22. form lumps, come together — Said of butter coming together as milk is churned. one source
- jaw tüşgendi — the butter has come together
- jaw tüşmeydi — the butter is not coming together
- jaw tüşe başladı — the butter began to come together
23. lie, lie down — Said of lying in a particular position, such as on one's back or on one's side. one source
- sırtıŋdan tüşerge — to lie on your back
- sırtından tüşdü — he lay down on his back
- janından tüşüb turadı — he is lying on his side
- sırtımdan tüşüb jatama — I am lying on my back
24. hang down — Said of hair hanging down over the face or eyes. one source
- çaçı betine tüşgendi — her hair has fallen over her face
- çaçım közüme tüşedi — my hair falls into my eyes
- çaçı maŋılayına tüşedi — his hair hangs over his forehead
25. sneak in, raid a garden or orchard — Said of getting into someone's garden or orchard in order to steal. one source
- baçhağa tüşdüle — they sneaked into the garden
- honşunu baçhasına tüşgendile — they have got into the neighbor's garden
- jaşla terekge tüşdüle — the boys raided the fruit tree
Expressions
- adamlanı awuzlarına tüşerge — become gossip fodder
- aman jolğa tüşerge — go astray
- aralarına suwuqluq tüşerge — fall out
- asıl atdan tüşmez — good blood shows
Conjugation
Common forms
- tüşedihe is falling
- tüşdühe fell
- tüşgendihe has fallen
- tüşerhe will fall
- tüşerikdihe is going to fall
- tüşe edihe was falling
- tüşseif he falls
- tüş!fall!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentüşemeI am falling | sentüşeseyou are falling | oltüşedihe is falling | biztüşebizwe are falling | siztüşesizyou all are falling | alatüşedilethey are falling |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentüşmeymeI am not falling | sentüşmeyseyou are not falling | oltüşmeydihe is not falling | biztüşmeybizwe are not falling | siztüşmeysizyou all are not falling | alatüşmeydilethey are not falling |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentüşememi? tüşemime?am I falling? | sentüşemise?are you falling? | oltüşemidi?is he falling? | biztüşebizmi? tüşemibiz?are we falling? | siztüşemisiz?are you all falling? | alatüşemidile?are they falling? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentüşmeymemi? tüşmeymime?aren't I falling? | sentüşmeymise?aren't you falling? | oltüşmeymidi?isn't he falling? | biztüşmeybizmi? tüşmeymibiz?aren't we falling? | siztüşmeymisiz?aren't you all falling? | alatüşmeymidile?aren't they falling? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentüşüwçenmeI usually fall | sentüşüwçenseyou usually fall | oltüşüwçendihe usually falls | biztüşüwçenbizwe usually fall | siztüşüwçensizyou all usually fall | alatüşüwçendilethey usually fall |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentüşmewçenmeI usually don't fall | sentüşmewçenseyou usually don't fall | oltüşmewçendihe usually doesn't fall | biztüşmewçenbizwe usually don't fall | siztüşmewçensizyou all usually don't fall | alatüşmewçendilethey usually don't fall |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentüşüwçenmemi? tüşüwçenmime?do I usually fall? | sentüşüwçenmise?do you usually fall? | oltüşüwçenmidi?does he usually fall? | biztüşüwçenbizmi? tüşüwçenmibiz?do we usually fall? | siztüşüwçenmisiz?do you all usually fall? | alatüşüwçenmidile?do they usually fall? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentüşmewçenmemi? tüşmewçenmime?do I usually not fall? | sentüşmewçenmise?do you usually not fall? | oltüşmewçenmidi?does he usually not fall? | biztüşmewçenbizmi? tüşmewçenmibiz?do we usually not fall? | siztüşmewçenmisiz?do you all usually not fall? | alatüşmewçenmidile?do they usually not fall? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oltüşübdühe has fallen and remains so | alatüşübdülethey have fallen and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oltüşübmüdü?has he fallen? | alatüşübmüdüle?have they fallen? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentüşüb turamaI keep falling | sentüşüb turasayou keep falling | oltüşüb turadıhe keeps falling | biztüşüb turabızwe keep falling | siztüşüb turasızyou all keep falling | alatüşüb turadılathey keep falling |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentüşüb turmaymaI don't keep falling | sentüşüb turmaysayou don't keep falling | oltüşüb turmaydıhe doesn't keep falling | biztüşüb turmaybızwe don't keep falling | siztüşüb turmaysızyou all don't keep falling | alatüşüb turmaydılathey don't keep falling |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentüşüb turamamı? tüşüb turamıma?do I keep falling? | sentüşüb turamısa?do you keep falling? | oltüşüb turamıdı?does he keep falling? | biztüşüb turabızmı? tüşüb turamıbız?do we keep falling? | siztüşüb turamısız?do you all keep falling? | alatüşüb turamıdıla?do they keep falling? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentüşüb turmaymamı? tüşüb turmaymıma?don't I keep falling? | sentüşüb turmaymısa?don't you keep falling? | oltüşüb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep falling? | biztüşüb turmaybızmı? tüşüb turmaymıbız?don't we keep falling? | siztüşüb turmaymısız?don't you all keep falling? | alatüşüb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep falling? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentüşe turamaI am in the middle of falling | sentüşe turasayou are in the middle of falling | oltüşe turadıhe is in the middle of falling | biztüşe turabızwe are in the middle of falling | siztüşe turasızyou all are in the middle of falling | alatüşe turadılathey are in the middle of falling |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentüşe turmaymaI am not in the middle of falling | sentüşe turmaysayou are not in the middle of falling | oltüşe turmaydıhe is not in the middle of falling | biztüşe turmaybızwe are not in the middle of falling | siztüşe turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of falling | alatüşe turmaydılathey are not in the middle of falling |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentüşe turamamı? tüşe turamıma?am I in the middle of falling? | sentüşe turamısa?are you in the middle of falling? | oltüşe turamıdı?is he in the middle of falling? | biztüşe turabızmı? tüşe turamıbız?are we in the middle of falling? | siztüşe turamısız?are you all in the middle of falling? | alatüşe turamıdıla?are they in the middle of falling? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentüşe turmaymamı? tüşe turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of falling? | sentüşe turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of falling? | oltüşe turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of falling? | biztüşe turmaybızmı? tüşe turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of falling? | siztüşe turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of falling? | alatüşe turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of falling? |
| Simple past (definite) | mentüşdümI fell | sentüşdüŋyou fell | oltüşdühe fell | biztüşdükwe fell | siztüşdügüzyou all fell | alatüşdülethey fell |
| Simple past (definite) | mentüşmedimI didn't fall | sentüşmediŋyou didn't fall | oltüşmedihe didn't fall | biztüşmedikwe didn't fall | siztüşmedigizyou all didn't fall | alatüşmedilethey didn't fall |
| Simple past (definite) | mentüşdümmü?did I fall? | sentüşdüŋmü?did you fall? | oltüşdümü?did he fall? | biztüşdükmü?did we fall? | siztüşdügüzmü?did you all fall? | alatüşdülemi?did they fall? |
| Simple past (definite) | mentüşmedimmi?didn't I fall? | sentüşmediŋmi?didn't you fall? | oltüşmedimi?didn't he fall? | biztüşmedikmi?didn't we fall? | siztüşmedigizmi?didn't you all fall? | alatüşmedilemi?didn't they fall? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentüşgenmeI have fallen | sentüşgenseyou have fallen | oltüşgendihe has fallen | biztüşgenbizwe have fallen | siztüşgensizyou all have fallen | alatüşgendilethey have fallen |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentüşmegenmeI haven't fallen | sentüşmegenseyou haven't fallen | oltüşmegendihe hasn't fallen | biztüşmegenbizwe haven't fallen | siztüşmegensizyou all haven't fallen | alatüşmegendilethey haven't fallen |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentüşgenmemi? tüşgenmime?have I fallen? | sentüşgenmise?have you fallen? | oltüşgenmidi?has he fallen? | biztüşgenbizmi? tüşgenmibiz?have we fallen? | siztüşgenmisiz?have you all fallen? | alatüşgenmidile?have they fallen? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentüşmegenmemi? tüşmegenmime?haven't I fallen? | sentüşmegenmise?haven't you fallen? | oltüşmegenmidi?hasn't he fallen? | biztüşmegenbizmi? tüşmegenmibiz?haven't we fallen? | siztüşmegenmisiz?haven't you all fallen? | alatüşmegenmidile?haven't they fallen? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mentüşüb turdumI kept falling | sentüşüb turduŋyou kept falling | oltüşüb turduhe kept falling | biztüşüb turduqwe kept falling | siztüşüb turduğuzyou all kept falling | alatüşüb turdulathey kept falling |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mentüşüb turmadımI didn't keep falling | sentüşüb turmadıŋyou didn't keep falling | oltüşüb turmadıhe didn't keep falling | biztüşüb turmadıqwe didn't keep falling | siztüşüb turmadığızyou all didn't keep falling | alatüşüb turmadılathey didn't keep falling |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentüşermeI will fall | sentüşerseyou will fall | oltüşerhe will fall | biztüşerbizwe will fall | siztüşersizyou all will fall | alatüşerlethey will fall |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentüşmezmeI won't fall | sentüşmezseyou won't fall | oltüşmezhe won't fall | biztüşmezbizwe won't fall | siztüşmezsizyou all won't fall | alatüşmezlethey won't fall |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentüşermemi? tüşermime?will I fall? | sentüşermise?will you fall? | oltüşermi?will he fall? | biztüşerbizmi? tüşermibiz?will we fall? | siztüşermisiz?will you all fall? | alatüşerlemi? tüşermile?will they fall? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentüşmezmemi? tüşmezmime?won't I fall? | sentüşmezmise?won't you fall? | oltüşmezmi?won't he fall? | biztüşmezbizmi? tüşmezmibiz?won't we fall? | siztüşmezmisiz?won't you all fall? | alatüşmezlemi? tüşmezmile?won't they fall? |
| Definite future (future II) | mentüşerikmeI am going to fall | sentüşerikseyou are going to fall | oltüşerikdihe is going to fall | biztüşerikbizwe are going to fall | siztüşeriksizyou all are going to fall | alatüşerikdilethey are going to fall |
| Definite future (future II) | mentüşerik tülmeI am not going to fall | sentüşerik tülseyou are not going to fall | oltüşerik tüldühe is not going to fall | biztüşerik tülbüzwe are not going to fall | siztüşerik tülsüzyou all are not going to fall | alatüşerik tüldülethey are not going to fall |
| Definite future (future II) | mentüşerikmemi? tüşerikmime?am I going to fall? | sentüşerikmise?are you going to fall? | oltüşerikmidi?is he going to fall? | biztüşerikbizmi? tüşerikmibiz?are we going to fall? | siztüşerikmisiz?are you all going to fall? | alatüşerikmidile?are they going to fall? |
| Definite future (future II) | mentüşerik tülmüme?aren't I going to fall? | sentüşerik tülmüse?aren't you going to fall? | oltüşerik tülmüdü?isn't he going to fall? | biztüşerik tülmübüz?aren't we going to fall? | siztüşerik tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to fall? | alatüşerik tülmüdüle?aren't they going to fall? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mentüşgen edimtüşgenemI had fallen | sentüşgen ediŋtüşgeneŋyou had fallen | oltüşgen editüşgenedhe had fallen | biztüşgen ediktüşgenekwe had fallen | siztüşgen edigiztüşgenegizyou all had fallen | alatüşgen ediletüşgenellethey had fallen |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mentüşmegen edimtüşmegenemI hadn't fallen | sentüşmegen ediŋtüşmegeneŋyou hadn't fallen | oltüşmegen editüşmegenedhe hadn't fallen | biztüşmegen ediktüşmegenekwe hadn't fallen | siztüşmegen edigiztüşmegenegizyou all hadn't fallen | alatüşmegen ediletüşmegenellethey hadn't fallen |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mentüşe edimtüşemI was falling | sentüşe ediŋtüşeŋyou were falling | oltüşe editüşedhe was falling | biztüşe ediktüşekwe were falling | siztüşe edigiztüşegizyou all were falling | alatüşe ediletüşellethey were falling |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mentüşmey edimtüşmeyemI wasn't falling | sentüşmey ediŋtüşmeyeŋyou weren't falling | oltüşmey editüşmeyedhe wasn't falling | biztüşmey ediktüşmeyekwe weren't falling | siztüşmey edigiztüşmeyegizyou all weren't falling | alatüşmey ediletüşmeyellethey weren't falling |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | mentüşüwçen edimtüşüwçenemI used to fall | sentüşüwçen ediŋtüşüwçeneŋyou used to fall | oltüşüwçen editüşüwçenedhe used to fall | biztüşüwçen ediktüşüwçenekwe used to fall | siztüşüwçen edigiztüşüwçenegizyou all used to fall | alatüşüwçen ediletüşüwçenellethey used to fall |
| Habitual past (used to) | mentüşmewçen edimtüşmewçenemI didn't use to fall | sentüşmewçen ediŋtüşmewçeneŋyou didn't use to fall | oltüşmewçen editüşmewçenedhe didn't use to fall | biztüşmewçen ediktüşmewçenekwe didn't use to fall | siztüşmewçen edigiztüşmewçenegizyou all didn't use to fall | alatüşmewçen ediletüşmewçenellethey didn't use to fall |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oltüşüb edihe had fallen and remained so | alatüşüb edilethey had fallen and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oltüşüb tül edihe hadn't fallen | alatüşüb tül edilethey hadn't fallen | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mentüşüb tura edimtüşüb turaemI had kept falling | sentüşüb tura ediŋtüşüb turaeŋyou had kept falling | oltüşüb tura editüşüb turaedhe had kept falling | biztüşüb tura ediktüşüb turaekwe had kept falling | siztüşüb tura edigiztüşüb turaegizyou all had kept falling | alatüşüb tura ediletüşüb turaellethey had kept falling |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mentüşüb turmay edimtüşüb turmayemI hadn't kept falling | sentüşüb turmay ediŋtüşüb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept falling | oltüşüb turmay editüşüb turmayedhe hadn't kept falling | biztüşüb turmay ediktüşüb turmayekwe hadn't kept falling | siztüşüb turmay edigiztüşüb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept falling | alatüşüb turmay ediletüşüb turmayellethey hadn't kept falling |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mentüşe tura edimtüşe turaemI was in the middle of falling | sentüşe tura ediŋtüşe turaeŋyou were in the middle of falling | oltüşe tura editüşe turaedhe was in the middle of falling | biztüşe tura ediktüşe turaekwe were in the middle of falling | siztüşe tura edigiztüşe turaegizyou all were in the middle of falling | alatüşe tura ediletüşe turaellethey were in the middle of falling |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mentüşe turmay edimtüşe turmayemI wasn't in the middle of falling | sentüşe turmay ediŋtüşe turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of falling | oltüşe turmay editüşe turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of falling | biztüşe turmay ediktüşe turmayekwe weren't in the middle of falling | siztüşe turmay edigiztüşe turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of falling | alatüşe turmay ediletüşe turmayellethey weren't in the middle of falling |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | mentüşer edimtüşer emI would fall | sentüşer ediŋtüşer eŋyou would fall | oltüşer editüşer edhe would fall | biztüşer ediktüşer ekwe would fall | siztüşer edigiztüşer egizyou all would fall | alatüşer ediletüşer ellethey would fall |
| Conditional result (would) | mentüşmez edimtüşmez emI wouldn't fall | sentüşmez ediŋtüşmez eŋyou wouldn't fall | oltüşmez editüşmez edhe wouldn't fall | biztüşmez ediktüşmez ekwe wouldn't fall | siztüşmez edigiztüşmez egizyou all wouldn't fall | alatüşmez ediletüşmez ellethey wouldn't fall |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | mentüşerik edimtüşerik emI would have fallen | sentüşerik ediŋtüşerik eŋyou would have fallen | oltüşerik editüşerik edhe would have fallen | biztüşerik ediktüşerik ekwe would have fallen | siztüşerik edigiztüşerik egizyou all would have fallen | alatüşerik ediletüşerik ellethey would have fallen |
| Past conditional result (would have) | mentüşerik tül edimtüşerik tül emI wouldn't have fallen | sentüşerik tül ediŋtüşerik tül eŋyou wouldn't have fallen | oltüşerik tül editüşerik tül edhe wouldn't have fallen | biztüşerik tül ediktüşerik tül ekwe wouldn't have fallen | siztüşerik tül edigiztüşerik tül egizyou all wouldn't have fallen | alatüşerik tül ediletüşerik tül ellethey wouldn't have fallen |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | mentüşsemif I fall | sentüşseŋif you fall | oltüşseif he falls | biztüşsekif we fall | siztüşsegizif you all fall | alatüşseleif they fall |
| Conditional | mentüşmesemif I don't fall | sentüşmeseŋif you don't fall | oltüşmeseif he doesn't fall | biztüşmesekif we don't fall | siztüşmesegizif you all don't fall | alatüşmeseleif they don't fall |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | mentüşe esemif I am falling | sentüşe eseŋif you are falling | oltüşe eseif he is falling | biztüşe esekif we are falling | siztüşe esegizif you all are falling | alatüşe eseleif they are falling |
| Conditional, present real | mentüşmey esemif I am not falling | sentüşmey eseŋif you are not falling | oltüşmey eseif he is not falling | biztüşmey esekif we are not falling | siztüşmey esegizif you all are not falling | alatüşmey eseleif they are not falling |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mentüşsem editüşsem edif only I fell | sentüşseŋ editüşseŋ edif only you fell | oltüşse editüşsedif only he fell | biztüşsek editüşsek edif only we fell | siztüşsegiz editüşsegiz edif only you all fell | alatüşsele editüşseledif only they fell |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mentüşmesem editüşmesem edif only I didn't fall | sentüşmeseŋ editüşmeseŋ edif only you didn't fall | oltüşmese editüşmesedif only he didn't fall | biztüşmesek editüşmesek edif only we didn't fall | siztüşmesegiz editüşmesegiz edif only you all didn't fall | alatüşmesele editüşmeseledif only they didn't fall |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | mentüşüb tursamif I carry on falling | sentüşüb tursaŋif you carry on falling | oltüşüb tursaif he carries on falling | biztüşüb tursaqif we carry on falling | siztüşüb tursağızif you all carry on falling | alatüşüb tursalaif they carry on falling |
| Durative conditional | mentüşüb turmasamif I don't carry on falling | sentüşüb turmasaŋif you don't carry on falling | oltüşüb turmasaif he doesn't carry on falling | biztüşüb turmasaqif we don't carry on falling | siztüşüb turmasağızif you all don't carry on falling | alatüşüb turmasalaif they don't carry on falling |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | mentüşüb tura esemif I have kept falling | sentüşüb tura eseŋif you have kept falling | oltüşüb tura eseif he has kept falling | biztüşüb tura esekif we have kept falling | siztüşüb tura esegizif you all have kept falling | alatüşüb tura eseleif they have kept falling |
| Durative conditional, present real | mentüşüb turmay esemif I haven't kept falling | sentüşüb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept falling | oltüşüb turmay eseif he hasn't kept falling | biztüşüb turmay esekif we haven't kept falling | siztüşüb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept falling | alatüşüb turmay eseleif they haven't kept falling |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | mentüşe tursamif I keep falling | sentüşe tursaŋif you keep falling | oltüşe tursaif he keeps falling | biztüşe tursaqif we keep falling | siztüşe tursağızif you all keep falling | alatüşe tursalaif they keep falling |
| Progressive conditional | mentüşmey tursamif I keep on not falling | sentüşmey tursaŋif you keep on not falling | oltüşmey tursaif he keeps on not falling | biztüşmey tursaqif we keep on not falling | siztüşmey tursağızif you all keep on not falling | alatüşmey tursalaif they keep on not falling |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | mentüşe tura esemif I am in the middle of falling | sentüşe tura eseŋif you are in the middle of falling | oltüşe tura eseif he is in the middle of falling | biztüşe tura esekif we are in the middle of falling | siztüşe tura esegizif you all are in the middle of falling | alatüşe tura eseleif they are in the middle of falling |
| Progressive conditional, present real | mentüşmey tura esemif I keep on not falling | sentüşmey tura eseŋif you keep on not falling | oltüşmey tura eseif he keeps on not falling | biztüşmey tura esekif we keep on not falling | siztüşmey tura esegizif you all keep on not falling | alatüşmey tura eseleif they keep on not falling |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | mentüşdüm esemif I fell | sentüşdüŋ eseŋif you fell | oltüşdü eseif he fell | biztüşdük esekif we fell | siztüşdügüz esegizif you all fell | alatüşdüle eseleif they fell |
| Conditional, definite past1 | mentüşmedim esemif I didn't fall | sentüşmediŋ eseŋif you didn't fall | oltüşmedi eseif he didn't fall | biztüşmedik esekif we didn't fall | siztüşmedigiz esegizif you all didn't fall | alatüşmedile eseleif they didn't fall |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | mentüşgen esemif I did fall (indeed) | sentüşgen eseŋif you did fall (indeed) | oltüşgen eseif he did fall (indeed) | biztüşgen esekif we did fall (indeed) | siztüşgen esegizif you all did fall (indeed) | alatüşgen eseleif they did fall (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | mentüşmegen esemif I didn't fall (indeed) | sentüşmegen eseŋif you didn't fall (indeed) | oltüşmegen eseif he didn't fall (indeed) | biztüşmegen esekif we didn't fall (indeed) | siztüşmegen esegizif you all didn't fall (indeed) | alatüşmegen eseleif they didn't fall (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | mentüşgen bolsamif I had fallen | sentüşgen bolsaŋif you had fallen | oltüşgen bolsaif he had fallen | biztüşgen bolsaqif we had fallen | siztüşgen bolsağızif you all had fallen | alatüşgen bolsalaif they had fallen |
| Conditional, counterfactual | mentüşmegen bolsamif I hadn't fallen | sentüşmegen bolsaŋif you hadn't fallen | oltüşmegen bolsaif he hadn't fallen | biztüşmegen bolsaqif we hadn't fallen | siztüşmegen bolsağızif you all hadn't fallen | alatüşmegen bolsalaif they hadn't fallen |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mentüşgen bolsam editüşgen bolsam edif only I had fallen | sentüşgen bolsaŋ editüşgen bolsaŋ edif only you had fallen | oltüşgen bolsa editüşgen bolsaedif only he had fallen | biztüşgen bolsaq editüşgen bolsaq edif only we had fallen | siztüşgen bolsağız editüşgen bolsağız edif only you all had fallen | alatüşgen bolsala editüşgen bolsalaedif only they had fallen |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mentüşmegen bolsam editüşmegen bolsam edif only I hadn't fallen | sentüşmegen bolsaŋ editüşmegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't fallen | oltüşmegen bolsa editüşmegen bolsaedif only he hadn't fallen | biztüşmegen bolsaq editüşmegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't fallen | siztüşmegen bolsağız editüşmegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't fallen | alatüşmegen bolsala editüşmegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't fallen |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | mentüşer esemif I will fall | sentüşer eseŋif you will fall | oltüşer eseif he will fall | biztüşer esekif we will fall | siztüşer esegizif you all will fall | alatüşer eseleif they will fall |
| Conditional, aorist | mentüşmez esemif I won't fall | sentüşmez eseŋif you won't fall | oltüşmez eseif he won't fall | biztüşmez esekif we won't fall | siztüşmez esegizif you all won't fall | alatüşmez eseleif they won't fall |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | mentüşerik esemif I am going to fall | sentüşerik eseŋif you are going to fall | oltüşerik eseif he is going to fall | biztüşerik esekif we are going to fall | siztüşerik esegizif you all are going to fall | alatüşerik eseleif they are going to fall |
| Conditional, future | mentüşerik tül esemif I am not going to fall | sentüşerik tül eseŋif you are not going to fall | oltüşerik tül eseif he is not going to fall | biztüşerik tül esekif we are not going to fall | siztüşerik tül esegizif you all are not going to fall | alatüşerik tül eseleif they are not going to fall |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mentüşerik bolsamif I were going to fall | sentüşerik bolsaŋif you were going to fall | oltüşerik bolsaif he were going to fall | biztüşerik bolsaqif we were going to fall | siztüşerik bolsağızif you all were going to fall | alatüşerik bolsalaif they were going to fall |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mentüşmezlik bolsamif I were not going to fall | sentüşmezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to fall | oltüşmezlik bolsaif he were not going to fall | biztüşmezlik bolsaqif we were not going to fall | siztüşmezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to fall | alatüşmezlik bolsalaif they were not going to fall |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso tüşdüŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mentüşe bolurmaI must be falling | sentüşe bolursayou must be falling | oltüşe bolurhe must be falling | biztüşe bolurbuzwe must be falling | siztüşe bolursuzyou all must be falling | alatüşe bolurlathey must be falling |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mentüşmey bolurmaI must not be falling | sentüşmey bolursayou must not be falling | oltüşmey bolurhe must not be falling | biztüşmey bolurbuzwe must not be falling | siztüşmey bolursuzyou all must not be falling | alatüşmey bolurlathey must not be falling |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mentüşe tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of falling | sentüşe tura bolursayou must be in the middle of falling | oltüşe tura bolurhe must be in the middle of falling | biztüşe tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of falling | siztüşe tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of falling | alatüşe tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of falling |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mentüşmey tura bolurmaI must keep on not falling | sentüşmey tura bolursayou must keep on not falling | oltüşmey tura bolurhe must keep on not falling | biztüşmey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not falling | siztüşmey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not falling | alatüşmey tura bolurlathey must keep on not falling |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | mentüşgen bolurmaI must have fallen | sentüşgen bolursayou must have fallen | oltüşgen bolurhe must have fallen | biztüşgen bolurbuzwe must have fallen | siztüşgen bolursuzyou all must have fallen | alatüşgen bolurlathey must have fallen |
| Inference (must have) | mentüşmegen bolurmaI must not have fallen | sentüşmegen bolursayou must not have fallen | oltüşmegen bolurhe must not have fallen | biztüşmegen bolurbuzwe must not have fallen | siztüşmegen bolursuzyou all must not have fallen | alatüşmegen bolurlathey must not have fallen |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mentüşerik bolurmaI must be going to fall | sentüşerik bolursayou must be going to fall | oltüşerik bolurhe must be going to fall | biztüşerik bolurbuzwe must be going to fall | siztüşerik bolursuzyou all must be going to fall | alatüşerik bolurlathey must be going to fall |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mentüşmezlik bolurmaI must not be going to fall | sentüşmezlik bolursayou must not be going to fall | oltüşmezlik bolurhe must not be going to fall | biztüşmezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to fall | siztüşmezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to fall | alatüşmezlik bolurlathey must not be going to fall |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | mentüşeyimlet me fall | sentüş!fall! | oltüşsünlet him fall | biztüşeyiklet's fall | siztüşügüz!fall, you all! | alatüşsünlelet them fall |
| Commands & suggestions | mentüşmeyimlet me not fall | sentüşme!don't fall! | oltüşmesinlet him not fall | biztüşmeyiklet's not fall | siztüşmegiz!don't fall, you all! | alatüşmesinlelet them not fall |
| Commands & suggestions | mentüşeyimmi?shall I fall? | oltüşsünmü?should he fall? | biztüşeyikmi?shall we fall? | alatüşsünlemi?should they fall? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | mentüşmeyimmi?shall I not fall? | oltüşmesinmi?should he not fall? | biztüşmeyikmi?shall we not fall? | alatüşmesinlemi?should they not fall? | ||
| Requests | sentüşçü2tüşçünplease fall | oltüşsünçüdo let him fall | siztüşçügüzplease fall (plural/polite) | alatüşsünleçido let them fall | ||
| Requests | sentüşmeçi2tüşmeçinplease don't fall | oltüşmesinçido let him not fall | siztüşmeçigizplease don't fall (plural/polite) | alatüşmesinleçido let them not fall | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sentüşgüntüşgümay you fall | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sentüşmegintüşmegimay you not fall | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mentüşgey edim tüşge edimwould that I fell | sentüşgey ediŋ tüşge ediŋwould that you fell | oltüşgey edi tüşge ediwould that he fell | biztüşgey edik tüşge edikwould that we fell | siztüşgey edigiz tüşge edigizwould that you all fell | alatüşgey edile tüşge edilewould that they fell |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mentüşmegey edim tüşmege edimwould that I did not fall | sentüşmegey ediŋ tüşmege ediŋwould that you did not fall | oltüşmegey edi tüşmege ediwould that he did not fall | biztüşmegey edik tüşmege edikwould that we did not fall | siztüşmegey edigiz tüşmege edigizwould that you all did not fall | alatüşmegey edile tüşmege edilewould that they did not fall |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | mentüşmege qoyayımtüşme qoyayımlet me allow someone to fall | sentüşmege qoy!tüşme qoy!let someone fall! | oltüşmege qoysuntüşme qoysunlet him allow someone to fall | biztüşmege qoyayıqtüşme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to fall | siztüşmege qoyuğuz!tüşme qoyuğuz!let someone fall, you all! | alatüşmege qoysunlatüşme qoysunlalet them allow someone to fall |
| Let someone… (commands) | mentüşmege qoymayımtüşme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to fall | sentüşmege qoyma!tüşme qoyma!don't let someone fall! | oltüşmege qoymasıntüşme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to fall | biztüşmege qoymayıqtüşme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to fall | siztüşmege qoymağız!tüşme qoymağız!don't let someone fall, you all! | alatüşmege qoymasınlatüşme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to fall |
| Let someone… (commands) | mentüşmege qoyayımmı?tüşme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to fall? | oltüşmege qoysunmu?tüşme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to fall? | biztüşmege qoyayıqmı?tüşme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to fall? | alatüşmege qoysunlamı?tüşme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to fall? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | mentüşmege qoymayımmı?tüşme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to fall? | oltüşmege qoymasınmı?tüşme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to fall? | biztüşmege qoymayıqmı?tüşme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to fall? | alatüşmege qoymasınlamı?tüşme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to fall? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | mentüşmege qoyamatüşme qoyamaI allow someone to fall | sentüşmege qoyasatüşme qoyasayou allow someone to fall | oltüşmege qoyadıtüşme qoyadıhe allows someone to fall | biztüşmege qoyabıztüşme qoyabızwe allow someone to fall | siztüşmege qoyasıztüşme qoyasızyou all allow someone to fall | alatüşmege qoyadılatüşme qoyadılathey allow someone to fall |
| Let someone… (present) | mentüşmege qoymaymatüşme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to fall | sentüşmege qoymaysatüşme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to fall | oltüşmege qoymaydıtüşme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to fall | biztüşmege qoymaybıztüşme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to fall | siztüşmege qoymaysıztüşme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to fall | alatüşmege qoymaydılatüşme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to fall |
| Let someone… (present) | mentüşmege qoyamamı?tüşme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to fall? | sentüşmege qoyamısa?tüşme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to fall? | oltüşmege qoyamıdı?tüşme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to fall? | biztüşmege qoyabızmı?tüşme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to fall? | siztüşmege qoyamısız?tüşme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to fall? | alatüşmege qoyamıdıla?tüşme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to fall? |
| Let someone… (present) | mentüşmege qoymaymamı?tüşme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to fall? | sentüşmege qoymaymısa?tüşme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to fall? | oltüşmege qoymaymıdı?tüşme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to fall? | biztüşmege qoymaybızmı?tüşme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to fall? | siztüşmege qoymaymısız?tüşme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to fall? | alatüşmege qoymaymıdıla?tüşme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to fall? |
| Let someone… (past) | mentüşmege qoydumtüşme qoydumI allowed someone to fall | sentüşmege qoyduŋtüşme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to fall | oltüşmege qoydutüşme qoyduhe allowed someone to fall | biztüşmege qoyduqtüşme qoyduqwe allowed someone to fall | siztüşmege qoyduğuztüşme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to fall | alatüşmege qoydulatüşme qoydulathey allowed someone to fall |
| Let someone… (past) | mentüşmege qoymadımtüşme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to fall | sentüşmege qoymadıŋtüşme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to fall | oltüşmege qoymadıtüşme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to fall | biztüşmege qoymadıqtüşme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to fall | siztüşmege qoymadığıztüşme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to fall | alatüşmege qoymadılatüşme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to fall |
| Let someone… (past) | mentüşmege qoydummu?tüşme qoydummu?did I allow someone to fall? | sentüşmege qoyduŋmu?tüşme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to fall? | oltüşmege qoydumu?tüşme qoydumu?did he allow someone to fall? | biztüşmege qoyduqmu?tüşme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to fall? | siztüşmege qoyduğuzmu?tüşme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to fall? | alatüşmege qoydulamı?tüşme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to fall? |
| Let someone… (past) | mentüşmege qoymadımmı?tüşme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to fall? | sentüşmege qoymadıŋmı?tüşme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to fall? | oltüşmege qoymadımı?tüşme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to fall? | biztüşmege qoymadıqmı?tüşme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to fall? | siztüşmege qoymadığızmı?tüşme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to fall? | alatüşmege qoymadılamı?tüşme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to fall? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
tüşalırğa be able to fall · tüşalmazğa be unable to fall
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | mentüşalamaI can fall | sentüşalasayou can fall | oltüşaladıhe can fall | biztüşalabızwe can fall | siztüşalasızyou all can fall | alatüşaladılathey can fall |
| Ability — present | mentüşalmaymaI can't fall | sentüşalmaysayou can't fall | oltüşalmaydıhe can't fall | biztüşalmaybızwe can't fall | siztüşalmaysızyou all can't fall | alatüşalmaydılathey can't fall |
| Ability — present | mentüşalamamı? tüşalamıma?can I fall? | sentüşalamısa?can you fall? | oltüşalamıdı?can he fall? | biztüşalabızmı? tüşalamıbız?can we fall? | siztüşalamısız?can you all fall? | alatüşalamıdıla?can they fall? |
| Ability — present | mentüşalmaymamı? tüşalmaymıma?can't I fall? | sentüşalmaymısa?can't you fall? | oltüşalmaymıdı?can't he fall? | biztüşalmaybızmı? tüşalmaymıbız?can't we fall? | siztüşalmaymısız?can't you all fall? | alatüşalmaymıdıla?can't they fall? |
| Ability — if I can… | mentüşalsamif I can fall | sentüşalsaŋif you can fall | oltüşalsaif he can fall | biztüşalsaqif we can fall | siztüşalsağızif you all can fall | alatüşalsalaif they can fall |
| Ability — if I can… | mentüşalmasamif I can't fall | sentüşalmasaŋif you can't fall | oltüşalmasaif he can't fall | biztüşalmasaqif we can't fall | siztüşalmasağızif you all can't fall | alatüşalmasalaif they can't fall |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | mentüşaldımI was able to fall | sentüşaldıŋyou were able to fall | oltüşaldıhe was able to fall | biztüşaldıqwe were able to fall | siztüşaldığızyou all were able to fall | alatüşaldılathey were able to fall |
| Ability — simple past | mentüşalmadımI could not fall | sentüşalmadıŋyou could not fall | oltüşalmadıhe could not fall | biztüşalmadıqwe could not fall | siztüşalmadığızyou all could not fall | alatüşalmadılathey could not fall |
| Ability — simple past | mentüşaldımmı?was I able to fall? | sentüşaldıŋmı?were you able to fall? | oltüşaldımı?was he able to fall? | biztüşaldıqmı?were we able to fall? | siztüşaldığızmı?were you all able to fall? | alatüşaldılamı?were they able to fall? |
| Ability — simple past | mentüşalmadımmı?couldn't I fall? | sentüşalmadıŋmı?couldn't you fall? | oltüşalmadımı?couldn't he fall? | biztüşalmadıqmı?couldn't we fall? | siztüşalmadığızmı?couldn't you all fall? | alatüşalmadılamı?couldn't they fall? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentüşalğanmaI have been able to fall | sentüşalğansayou have been able to fall | oltüşalğandıhe has been able to fall | biztüşalğanbızwe have been able to fall | siztüşalğansızyou all have been able to fall | alatüşalğandılathey have been able to fall |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentüşalmağanmaI haven't been able to fall | sentüşalmağansayou haven't been able to fall | oltüşalmağandıhe hasn't been able to fall | biztüşalmağanbızwe haven't been able to fall | siztüşalmağansızyou all haven't been able to fall | alatüşalmağandılathey haven't been able to fall |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentüşalğanmamı? tüşalğanmıma?have I been able to fall? | sentüşalğanmısa?have you been able to fall? | oltüşalğanmıdı?has he been able to fall? | biztüşalğanbızmı? tüşalğanmıbız?have we been able to fall? | siztüşalğanmısız?have you all been able to fall? | alatüşalğanmıdıla?have they been able to fall? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentüşalmağanmamı? tüşalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to fall? | sentüşalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to fall? | oltüşalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to fall? | biztüşalmağanbızmı? tüşalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to fall? | siztüşalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to fall? | alatüşalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to fall? |
| Ability — past perfect | mentüşalğan edimtüşalğanemI had been able to fall | sentüşalğan ediŋtüşalğaneŋyou had been able to fall | oltüşalğan editüşalğanedhe had been able to fall | biztüşalğan ediktüşalğanekwe had been able to fall | siztüşalğan edigiztüşalğanegizyou all had been able to fall | alatüşalğan ediletüşalğanellethey had been able to fall |
| Ability — past perfect | mentüşalmağan edimtüşalmağanemI hadn't been able to fall | sentüşalmağan ediŋtüşalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to fall | oltüşalmağan editüşalmağanedhe hadn't been able to fall | biztüşalmağan ediktüşalmağanekwe hadn't been able to fall | siztüşalmağan edigiztüşalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to fall | alatüşalmağan ediletüşalmağanellethey hadn't been able to fall |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | mentüşala edimtüşalaemI could fall | sentüşala ediŋtüşalaeŋyou could fall | oltüşala editüşalaedhe could fall | biztüşala ediktüşalaekwe could fall | siztüşala edigiztüşalaegizyou all could fall | alatüşala ediletüşalaellethey could fall |
| Ability — past background | mentüşalmay edimtüşalmayemI could not fall | sentüşalmay ediŋtüşalmayeŋyou could not fall | oltüşalmay editüşalmayedhe could not fall | biztüşalmay ediktüşalmayekwe could not fall | siztüşalmay edigiztüşalmayegizyou all could not fall | alatüşalmay ediletüşalmayellethey could not fall |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | mentüşalırmaI will be able to fall | sentüşalırsayou will be able to fall | oltüşalırhe will be able to fall | biztüşalırbızwe will be able to fall | siztüşalırsızyou all will be able to fall | alatüşalırlathey will be able to fall |
| Ability — future I | mentüşalmazmaI won't be able to fall | sentüşalmazsayou won't be able to fall | oltüşalmazhe won't be able to fall | biztüşalmazbızwe won't be able to fall | siztüşalmazsızyou all won't be able to fall | alatüşalmazlathey won't be able to fall |
| Ability — future I | mentüşalırmamı? tüşalırmıma?will I be able to fall? | sentüşalırmısa?will you be able to fall? | oltüşalırmı?will he be able to fall? | biztüşalırbızmı? tüşalırmıbız?will we be able to fall? | siztüşalırmısız?will you all be able to fall? | alatüşalırlamı? tüşalırmıla?will they be able to fall? |
| Ability — future I | mentüşalmazmamı? tüşalmazmıma?won't I be able to fall? | sentüşalmazmısa?won't you be able to fall? | oltüşalmazmı?won't he be able to fall? | biztüşalmazbızmı? tüşalmazmıbız?won't we be able to fall? | siztüşalmazmısız?won't you all be able to fall? | alatüşalmazlamı? tüşalmazmıla?won't they be able to fall? |
| Ability — future II | mentüşallıqmaI am going to be able to fall | sentüşallıqsayou are going to be able to fall | oltüşallıqdıhe is going to be able to fall | biztüşallıqbızwe are going to be able to fall | siztüşallıqsızyou all are going to be able to fall | alatüşallıqdılathey are going to be able to fall |
| Ability — future II | mentüşallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to fall | sentüşallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to fall | oltüşallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to fall | biztüşallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to fall | siztüşallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to fall | alatüşallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to fall |
| Ability — future II | mentüşallıqmamı? tüşallıqmıma?am I going to be able to fall? | sentüşallıqmısa?are you going to be able to fall? | oltüşallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to fall? | biztüşallıqbızmı? tüşallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to fall? | siztüşallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to fall? | alatüşallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to fall? |
| Ability — future II | mentüşallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to fall? | sentüşallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to fall? | oltüşallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to fall? | biztüşallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to fall? | siztüşallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to fall? | alatüşallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to fall? |
| Ability — would be able to… | mentüşalır edimtüşalır emI would be able to fall | sentüşalır ediŋtüşalır eŋyou would be able to fall | oltüşalır editüşalır edhe would be able to fall | biztüşalır ediktüşalır ekwe would be able to fall | siztüşalır edigiztüşalır egizyou all would be able to fall | alatüşalır ediletüşalır ellethey would be able to fall |
| Ability — would be able to… | mentüşalmaz edimtüşalmaz emI wouldn't be able to fall | sentüşalmaz ediŋtüşalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to fall | oltüşalmaz editüşalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to fall | biztüşalmaz ediktüşalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to fall | siztüşalmaz edigiztüşalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to fall | alatüşalmaz ediletüşalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to fall |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sentüşalğıntüşalğımay you be able to fall | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sentüşalmağıntüşalmağımay you not be able to fall | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | mentüşerge izleymeI want to fall | sentüşerge izleyseyou want to fall | oltüşerge izleydihe wants to fall | biztüşerge izleybizwe want to fall | siztüşerge izleysizyou all want to fall | alatüşerge izleydilethey want to fall |
| want to | mentüşerge izlemeymeI do not want to fall | sentüşerge izlemeyseyou do not want to fall | oltüşerge izlemeydihe does not want to fall | biztüşerge izlemeybizwe do not want to fall | siztüşerge izlemeysizyou all do not want to fall | alatüşerge izlemeydilethey do not want to fall |
| would like to | mentüşerge süemeI would like to fall | sentüşerge süeseyou would like to fall | oltüşerge süedihe would like to fall | biztüşerge süebizwe would like to fall | siztüşerge süesizyou all would like to fall | alatüşerge süedilethey would like to fall |
| would like to | mentüşerge süymeymeI would not like to fall | sentüşerge süymeyseyou would not like to fall | oltüşerge süymeydihe would not like to fall | biztüşerge süymeybizwe would not like to fall | siztüşerge süymeysizyou all would not like to fall | alatüşerge süymeydilethey would not like to fall |
| hope to | mentüşerge umutlanamaI hope to fall | sentüşerge umutlanasayou hope to fall | oltüşerge umutlanadıhe hopes to fall | biztüşerge umutlanabızwe hope to fall | siztüşerge umutlanasızyou all hope to fall | alatüşerge umutlanadılathey hope to fall |
| hope to | mentüşerge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to fall | sentüşerge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to fall | oltüşerge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to fall | biztüşerge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to fall | siztüşerge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to fall | alatüşerge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to fall |
| be about to | mentüşerge deb turamaI am about to fall | sentüşerge deb turasayou are about to fall | oltüşerge deb turadıhe is about to fall | biztüşerge deb turabızwe are about to fall | siztüşerge deb turasızyou all are about to fall | alatüşerge deb turadılathey are about to fall |
| be about to | mentüşerge deb turmaymaI am not about to fall | sentüşerge deb turmaysayou are not about to fall | oltüşerge deb turmaydıhe is not about to fall | biztüşerge deb turmaybızwe are not about to fall | siztüşerge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to fall | alatüşerge deb turmaydılathey are not about to fall |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | mentüşerge kerekmeI need to fall | sentüşerge kerekseyou need to fall | oltüşerge kerekdihe needs to fall | biztüşerge kerekbizwe need to fall | siztüşerge kereksizyou all need to fall | alatüşerge kerekdilethey need to fall |
| need to | mentüşerge kerek tülmeI do not need to fall | sentüşerge kerek tülseyou do not need to fall | oltüşerge kerek tüldühe does not need to fall | biztüşerge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to fall | siztüşerge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to fall | alatüşerge kerek tüldülethey do not need to fall |
| have to | menmenŋe tüşerge tüşediI have to fall | sensenŋe tüşerge tüşediyou have to fall | olaŋa tüşerge tüşedihe has to fall | bizbizge tüşerge tüşediwe have to fall | sizsizge tüşerge tüşediyou all have to fall | alaalağa tüşerge tüşedithey have to fall |
| have to | menmenŋe tüşerge tüşmeydiI do not have to fall | sensenŋe tüşerge tüşmeydiyou do not have to fall | olaŋa tüşerge tüşmeydihe does not have to fall | bizbizge tüşerge tüşmeydiwe do not have to fall | sizsizge tüşerge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to fall | alaalağa tüşerge tüşmeydithey do not have to fall |
| be obliged to | mentüşerge borçlumaI am obliged to fall | sentüşerge borçlusayou are obliged to fall | oltüşerge borçluduhe is obliged to fall | biztüşerge borçlubuzwe are obliged to fall | siztüşerge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to fall | alatüşerge borçludulathey are obliged to fall |
| be obliged to | mentüşerge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to fall | sentüşerge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to fall | oltüşerge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to fall | biztüşerge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to fall | siztüşerge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to fall | alatüşerge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to fall |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | mentüşerge madarım bardıI have a way to fall | sentüşerge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to fall | oltüşerge madarı bardıhe has a way to fall | biztüşerge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to fall | siztüşerge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to fall | alatüşerge madarları bardıthey have a way to fall |
| have a way to | mentüşerge madarım joqduI have no way to fall | sentüşerge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to fall | oltüşerge madarı joqduhe has no way to fall | biztüşerge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to fall | siztüşerge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to fall | alatüşerge madarları joqduthey have no way to fall |
| be free to | mentüşerge erkinligim bardıI am free to fall | sentüşerge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to fall | oltüşerge erkinligi bardıhe is free to fall | biztüşerge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to fall | siztüşerge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to fall | alatüşerge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to fall |
| be free to | mentüşerge erkinligim joqduI am not free to fall | sentüşerge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to fall | oltüşerge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to fall | biztüşerge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to fall | siztüşerge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to fall | alatüşerge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to fall |
| be possible to | menmenŋe tüşerge bolluqduit is possible for me to fall | sensenŋe tüşerge bolluqduit is possible for you to fall | olaŋa tüşerge bolluqduit is possible for him to fall | bizbizge tüşerge bolluqduit is possible for us to fall | sizsizge tüşerge bolluqduit is possible for you all to fall | alaalağa tüşerge bolluqduit is possible for them to fall |
| be possible to | menmenŋe tüşerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to fall | sensenŋe tüşerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to fall | olaŋa tüşerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to fall | bizbizge tüşerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to fall | sizsizge tüşerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to fall | alaalağa tüşerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to fall |
| be ready to | mentüşerge hazırmaI am ready to fall | sentüşerge hazırsayou are ready to fall | oltüşerge hazırdıhe is ready to fall | biztüşerge hazırbızwe are ready to fall | siztüşerge hazırsızyou all are ready to fall | alatüşerge hazırdılathey are ready to fall |
| be ready to | mentüşerge hazır tülmeI am not ready to fall | sentüşerge hazır tülseyou are not ready to fall | oltüşerge hazır tüldühe is not ready to fall | biztüşerge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to fall | siztüşerge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to fall | alatüşerge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to fall |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | mentüşerge küreşemeI am trying to fall | sentüşerge küreşeseyou are trying to fall | oltüşerge küreşedihe is trying to fall | biztüşerge küreşebizwe are trying to fall | siztüşerge küreşesizyou all are trying to fall | alatüşerge küreşedilethey are trying to fall |
| try to | mentüşerge küreşmeymeI am not trying to fall | sentüşerge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to fall | oltüşerge küreşmeydihe is not trying to fall | biztüşerge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to fall | siztüşerge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to fall | alatüşerge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to fall |
| agree to | mentüşerge unaymaI agree to fall | sentüşerge unaysayou agree to fall | oltüşerge unaydıhe agrees to fall | biztüşerge unaybızwe agree to fall | siztüşerge unaysızyou all agree to fall | alatüşerge unaydılathey agree to fall |
| agree to | mentüşerge unamaymaI refuse to fall | sentüşerge unamaysayou refuse to fall | oltüşerge unamaydıhe refuses to fall | biztüşerge unamaybızwe refuse to fall | siztüşerge unamaysızyou all refuse to fall | alatüşerge unamaydılathey refuse to fall |
| hurry to | mentüşerge aşığamaI am in a hurry to fall | sentüşerge aşığasayou are in a hurry to fall | oltüşerge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to fall | biztüşerge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to fall | siztüşerge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to fall | alatüşerge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to fall |
| hurry to | mentüşerge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to fall | sentüşerge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to fall | oltüşerge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to fall | biztüşerge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to fall | siztüşerge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to fall | alatüşerge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to fall |
| be afraid to | mentüşerge qorqamaI am afraid to fall | sentüşerge qorqasayou are afraid to fall | oltüşerge qorqadıhe is afraid to fall | biztüşerge qorqabızwe are afraid to fall | siztüşerge qorqasızyou all are afraid to fall | alatüşerge qorqadılathey are afraid to fall |
| be afraid to | mentüşerge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to fall | sentüşerge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to fall | oltüşerge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to fall | biztüşerge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to fall | siztüşerge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to fall | alatüşerge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to fall |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | mentüşe bolmazmaI can't be falling | sentüşe bolmazsayou can't be falling | oltüşe bolmazhe can't be falling | biztüşe bolmazbızwe can't be falling | siztüşe bolmazsızyou all can't be falling | alatüşe bolmazlathey can't be falling |
| Inference, present — double negation | mentüşmey bolmazmaI must be falling (emphatic) | sentüşmey bolmazsayou must be falling (emphatic) | oltüşmey bolmazhe must be falling (emphatic) | biztüşmey bolmazbızwe must be falling (emphatic) | siztüşmey bolmazsızyou all must be falling (emphatic) | alatüşmey bolmazlathey must be falling (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | mentüşe turmasamif I don't keep falling | sentüşe turmasaŋif you don't keep falling | oltüşe turmasaif he doesn't keep falling | biztüşe turmasaqif we don't keep falling | siztüşe turmasağızif you all don't keep falling | alatüşe turmasalaif they don't keep falling |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | mentüşe tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of falling | sentüşe tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of falling | oltüşe tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of falling | biztüşe tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of falling | siztüşe tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of falling | alatüşe tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of falling |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | mentüşmey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not falling (emphatic) | sentüşmey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not falling (emphatic) | oltüşmey tura bolmazhe must keep on not falling (emphatic) | biztüşmey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not falling (emphatic) | siztüşmey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not falling (emphatic) | alatüşmey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not falling (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | mentüşmey turamaI keep on not falling | sentüşmey turasayou keep on not falling | oltüşmey turadıhe keeps on not falling | biztüşmey turabızwe keep on not falling | siztüşmey turasızyou all keep on not falling | alatüşmey turadılathey keep on not falling |
| Progressive — double negation | mentüşmey turmaymaI am not keeping on not falling | sentüşmey turmaysayou are not keeping on not falling | oltüşmey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not falling | biztüşmey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not falling | siztüşmey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not falling | alatüşmey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not falling |
| Progressive — double negation | mentüşmey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not falling? | sentüşmey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not falling? | oltüşmey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not falling? | biztüşmey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not falling? | siztüşmey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not falling? | alatüşmey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not falling? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | mentüşgen bolmazmaI can't have fallen | sentüşgen bolmazsayou can't have fallen | oltüşgen bolmazhe can't have fallen | biztüşgen bolmazbızwe can't have fallen | siztüşgen bolmazsızyou all can't have fallen | alatüşgen bolmazlathey can't have fallen |
| Inference — double negation | mentüşmegen bolmazmaI must have fallen (emphatic) | sentüşmegen bolmazsayou must have fallen (emphatic) | oltüşmegen bolmazhe must have fallen (emphatic) | biztüşmegen bolmazbızwe must have fallen (emphatic) | siztüşmegen bolmazsızyou all must have fallen (emphatic) | alatüşmegen bolmazlathey must have fallen (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | mentüşgen bolmasamif it weren't that I had fallen | sentüşgen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had fallen | oltüşgen bolmasaif it weren't that he had fallen | biztüşgen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had fallen | siztüşgen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had fallen | alatüşgen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had fallen |
| Counterfactual — double negation | mentüşmegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't fallen | sentüşmegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't fallen | oltüşmegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't fallen | biztüşmegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't fallen | siztüşmegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't fallen | alatüşmegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't fallen |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | mentüşerik bolmazmaI can't be going to fall | sentüşerik bolmazsayou can't be going to fall | oltüşerik bolmazhe can't be going to fall | biztüşerik bolmazbızwe can't be going to fall | siztüşerik bolmazsızyou all can't be going to fall | alatüşerik bolmazlathey can't be going to fall |
| Inference, future — double negation | mentüşmezlik bolmazmaI must be going to fall (emphatic) | sentüşmezlik bolmazsayou must be going to fall (emphatic) | oltüşmezlik bolmazhe must be going to fall (emphatic) | biztüşmezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to fall (emphatic) | siztüşmezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to fall (emphatic) | alatüşmezlik bolmazlathey must be going to fall (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | mentüşerik bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to fall | sentüşerik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to fall | oltüşerik bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to fall | biztüşerik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to fall | siztüşerik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to fall | alatüşerik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to fall |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | mentüşmezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to fall | sentüşmezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to fall | oltüşmezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to fall | biztüşmezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to fall | siztüşmezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to fall | alatüşmezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to fall |