qara

/qara/ · plural qarala

1. (adj.) black, raven-black — Of a horse it means the raven-black coat color.

qara at — a black horse
qara qaşla — black eyebrows
ot jağada qara kiştik — a black cat by the hearth
ol qara atha mindi — he mounted the black horse
qara jer — black earth
qara erik — a prune

2. (adj.) dark in color — Said of hair, skin and of darker shades of other colors.

qara çaç — dark hair
qara boz — dark gray
qara mor — dark brown
taw başında qara ağaç — a dark forest on the mountaintop

3. (adj.) brown — Said of eyes.

qara közle — brown eyes
qara közlü qız — a brown-eyed girl
anı közleri qaradıla — her eyes are brown

4. (adj.) unlit, pitch-dark

üynü içi qara edi — the inside of the house was pitch-dark
qara keçede jolnu tabmadıq — on a pitch-dark night we did not find the road
tışında endi qara bolğandı — outside it has now gone pitch-dark

5. (adj.) dirty, soiled

qolları, beti da qara edile — his hands and face were dirty
meni kölegim qara bolğandı — my shirt has gotten dirty
jaşçıqnı qolları balçıqdan qara bolğandıla — the boy's hands had gotten dirty from the mud

6. (adj.) plain, without added milk or dressing — Of tea or broth.

qara şay — tea without milk
şaynı qara içedi — he drinks his tea plain
qara bilyamuq — flour gruel without milk or dressing

7. (adj.) physical, manual (fig.) — Said of bodily strength, and of heavy, unskilled work.

qara iş — manual labor
qara küç — brute strength
qara işçi — an unskilled laborer
qara küçü azdı — he has little physical strength

8. (adj.) great, abundant

qara ter — a heavy sweat
qara palah — a great calamity
qara qan jawğandı — a great misfortune has struck
qara ter bashan atdan — from a horse drenched in heavy sweat

9. (adj.) grim, hard, wretched (fig.)

qara kün — a black day
qara jılla — hard years
qara sağış — heavy thoughts

10. (adj.) vile, despicable, foul (fig.) — Said of a person’s character or intentions, and of rumors.

qara niet — evil intent
qara jürekli — black-hearted
işi qaradı — his conduct is foul
qara haparnı jaydıla — they spread a vile rumor
qara nietli adamğa iynanmağız — do not trust a person of vile intent

11. (adj.) uneducated, unenlightened (fig.)

anı atası qara adam bolğandı — his father was an uneducated man
elde qara adamla köb bolğandıla — in the village there were many uneducated people
qara adamğa kitab oqurğa qıyındı — it is hard for an uneducated person to read a book

12. (adj.) of common origin, of humble social origin (fig.)

qara halq — the common people
qara kişi — a free commoner
ol qara halqdan çıqğandı — he came from the common people
qara kişi antına ölmez — a commoner will not break his oath

13. (adv.) utterly, completely, altogether

qara keç boladı — it is getting completely dark
kölegim qara kıldı bolğandı — my shirt has gotten completely wet
qara kıldı — completely wet
qara qurğaq biçen — very dry hay

14. (n.) mourning — Before another noun it means of mourning: qara kiyim mourning clothes, qara kün a day of mourning.

qara kiyerge — to wear mourning
qara tutarğa — to keep mourning
qara teşerge — to come out of mourning
qarasın alqın teşmegendi — she has not yet come out of mourning

15. (n.) letters, literacy

qara tanırğa — to know one's letters
qara tanımağan — illiterate
qara tanıtırğa — to teach someone to read
halqıbızda qara bilgen az bolğandı — among our people few knew their letters

16. (n.) black pieces in chess or checkers — Used in the plural.

bu jol qarala bla oynayma — this time I am playing with the black pieces
qarala bla oynağan horladı — the one who played with the black pieces won
qarala bla sen çığarıqsa — you will play with the black pieces

17. (n.) target, mark (arch.)

qara atarğa — to shoot at a target
qara atıw — target shooting
oq qaranı ortasına tiydi — the bullet hit the middle of the target

Expressions

Allahnı qarasın tanığan — literate in Arabic (Idiom)
aq da, qara da demezge — say nothing (Idiom)
aqdan qara tanırğa — become literate (Idiom)
aqğa – aq, qarağa qara derge — call a spade a spade (Idiom)

aqğa qara derge — twist the truth (Idiom)
betine qazan qara jağarğa — publicly disgrace (Idiom)
qara atarğa — shoot at target (Collocation)
qara çöpge tüşerge — fall into disfavor (Idiom)
qara kiyirge — be in mourning (Idiom)
qara tanığan — literate (Idiom)
qara tanırğa — become literate; tell good from bad (Idiom)
qara tarta bilgen — literate (Idiom)
qara tartırğa — learn to read and write (Idiom)
qara tutarğa — bear ill will (Idiom)
qarağa aqdı derge — distort the truth (Idiom)
qaranı aqdan ayırmağan — dim-witted (Idiom)
qarasın açarğa — end mourning (Idiom)
anı beti qara bolğa edi — swear it won't happen (Idiom · Formula · Curse · Oath)
aqdan qara bolmazğa — stand firm; not admit guilt (Idiom)
aqdan, qaradan juq qoşmazğa — say nothing (Idiom)
aqnı, qaranı ayıra bilirge — judge soundly; learn life's ways; tell good from bad (Idiom)
araları bla qara kiştik ozarğa — fall out (Idiom)
awuz qara tutarğa — sulk, give silent treatment (Idiom)
başın qara kün qısarğa — be in dire straits (Idiom)
başın qara tuman basarğa — be consumed by grief (Idiom)
başına qara kün kelirge — fall on hard times (Idiom)
beti qara bolğa edi — no way! (Idiom · Formula · Curse · Exclamation · Refusal)
beti qara bolsun demezge — never speak ill (Idiom)
jüregi qara — spiteful, envious (Idiom)
jüregi qara çeget bolurğa — harbor malice (Idiom)
közüŋ qara bolsun demezge — never wish ill (Idiom)
ne aq, ne qara demezge — say nothing (Idiom)
ölüm qara — with all one's might; excessively (Idiom)
qara adam — common laborer (Collocation)
qara altın — black gold (Idiom)
qara atkaznı basarğa — refuse flatly (Idiom)
qara çeçek — smallpox (Collocation)
qara çöpge salırğa — blacklist someone (Idiom)
qara çöpge tergemezge — consider worthless (Idiom)
qara emgek — grievous hardship (Collocation)
qara halq — common people (Collocation)
qara iş — hard manual labor; wicked deed (Collocation)
qara işçi — unskilled laborer (Collocation)
qara jerge bathan — dead (Idiom)
qara jerge kirirge — to die (Idiom)
qara jerge qaratırğa — make miserable (Idiom)
qara jin kibik — troublemaker (Idiom)
qara kapegi bolmazğa — be penniless (Idiom)
qara kapekni tutmazğa — be worthless (Idiom)
qara kesew bolurğa — torment, anguish; badly bruised; be burned, perish (Idiom)
qara kişi — free commoner (Collocation)
qara kör — the grave (Collocation)
qara kübür açarğa — use last savings (Idiom)
qara küç — brute force (Collocation)
qara kün — day of misfortune (Idiom)
qara niet tutarğa — bear ill will (Collocation · Light-verb construction)
qara özden — wealthy commoner (Collocation)
qara qağıt — death notice (Idiom)
qara qan tögerge — wage war (Idiom)
qara qaraçay — all Karachay (Collocation)
qara qış — snowless cold winter (Collocation)
qara qıznı qoludu — supernatural power (Idiom · Formula)
qara saban sürürge — plot against someone; speak ill of (Idiom)
qara som — twenty-five kopecks; very precious (Idiom · Collocation)
qara söz — grievous news; empty words; prose (Idiom)
qara suwuq — black frost (Collocation)
qara şaynı tutmazğa — worth nothing (Idiom)
qara şinli — dark-complexioned (Collocation)
qara şkok — trusty rifle (Idiom)
qara tamır — medicinal cough herb (Collocation)
qara taşha baylarğa — disgrace publicly (Idiom)
qara tıŋılawnu basarğa — keep dead silent (Idiom)
qara tizme — blacklist (Idiom)
qara tuwar kiri basmağan — young and untested (Idiom)
qara tülkü — the very best (Idiom)
qazan qara jağarğa — disgrace publicly (Idiom)
tırnaqnı qarası çaqlı bir — the slightest bit (Idiom)
til qara tutarğa — stop speaking (Idiom)
tüknü qarası çaqlı bir — the tiniest bit (Idiom)

As an adjective

Other forms

emphatic: pitch black	qap-qara

Degrees

Degrees — qara
Degree	—form
base form	qarablack
comparative — more	qararaqblacker
intensifier — very	bek qaravery black
superlative — most	em qarathe blackest

Saying it about mine, yours, theirs

One thing

One thing — qara
Degree	menikimine	senikiyours	anıqıhis / hers	biznikiours	siznikiyours (pl.)	alanıqıtheirs
base form	meniki qaradımine is black	seniki qaradıyours is black	anıqı qaradıhis is black	bizniki qaradıours is black	sizniki qaradıyours (pl.) is black	alanıqı qaradıtheirs is black
comparative — more	meniki qararaqdımine is blacker	seniki qararaqdıyours is blacker	anıqı qararaqdıhis is blacker	bizniki qararaqdıours is blacker	sizniki qararaqdıyours (pl.) is blacker	alanıqı qararaqdıtheirs is blacker
intensifier — very	meniki bek qaradımine is very black	seniki bek qaradıyours is very black	anıqı bek qaradıhis is very black	bizniki bek qaradıours is very black	sizniki bek qaradıyours (pl.) is very black	alanıqı bek qaradıtheirs is very black
superlative — most	meniki em qaradımine is the blackest	seniki em qaradıyours is the blackest	anıqı em qaradıhis is the blackest	bizniki em qaradıours is the blackest	sizniki em qaradıyours (pl.) is the blackest	alanıqı em qaradıtheirs is the blackest

Several things

Several things — qara
Degree	menikilemine	senikileyours	anıqılahis / hers	biznikileours	siznikileyours (pl.)	alanıqılatheirs
base form	menikile qaradılamine are black	senikile qaradılayours are black	anıqıla qaradılahis are black	biznikile qaradılaours are black	siznikile qaradılayours (pl.) are black	alanıqıla qaradılatheirs are black
comparative — more	menikile qararaqdılamine are blacker	senikile qararaqdılayours are blacker	anıqıla qararaqdılahis are blacker	biznikile qararaqdılaours are blacker	siznikile qararaqdılayours (pl.) are blacker	alanıqıla qararaqdılatheirs are blacker
intensifier — very	menikile bek qaradılamine are very black	senikile bek qaradılayours are very black	anıqıla bek qaradılahis are very black	biznikile bek qaradılaours are very black	siznikile bek qaradılayours (pl.) are very black	alanıqıla bek qaradılatheirs are very black
superlative — most	menikile em qaradılamine are the blackest	senikile em qaradılayours are the blackest	anıqıla em qaradılahis are the blackest	biznikile em qaradılaours are the blackest	siznikile em qaradılayours (pl.) are the blackest	alanıqıla em qaradılatheirs are the blackest

Any thing takes the third-person ending, not only these: bu qaradı, bıla qaradıla. In texts biznikile is usually kesibiznikile, "our own people", and a surname with -nıqıla names a family: Dudalanıqıla, "the Dudas".

As a noun

Cases and owners

Singular

Singular — cases of qara, plain and with an owner
Case	—plain	menimy	seniyour	anıhis / her	bizniour	sizniyou all's	alanıtheir
Nominative	qarathe mourning	qarammy mourning	qaraŋyour mourning	qarasıhis mourning	qarabızour mourning	qarağızyou all's mourning	qaralarıtheir mournings
Genitive	qaranıthe mourning's	qaramımy mourning's	qaraŋıyour mourning's	qarasınıhis mourning's	qarabıznıour mourning's	qarağıznıyou all's mourning's	qaralarınıtheir mournings'
Accusative	qaranıthe mourning (as the object)	qaramımy mourning (as the object)	qaraŋıyour mourning (as the object)	qarasınhis mourning (as the object)	qarabıznıour mourning (as the object)	qarağıznıyou all's mourning (as the object)	qaralarıntheir mournings (as the object)
Dative	qarağato the mourning	qaramato my mourning	qaraŋato your mourning	qarasınato his mourning	qarabızğato our mourning	qarağızğato you all's mourning	qaralarınato their mournings
Locative	qaradain / at the mourning	qaramdain / at my mourning	qaraŋdain / at your mourning	qarasındain / at his mourning	qarabızdain / at our mourning	qarağızdain / at you all's mourning	qaralarındain / at their mournings
Ablative	qaradanfrom the mourning	qaramdanfrom my mourning	qaraŋdanfrom your mourning	qarasındanfrom his mourning	qarabızdanfrom our mourning	qarağızdanfrom you all's mourning	qaralarındanfrom their mournings

Plural

Plural — cases of qara, plain and with an owner
Case	—plain	menimy	seniyour	anıhis / her	bizniour	sizniyou all's	alanıtheir
Nominative	qaralathe mournings	qaralarımmy mournings	qaralarıŋyour mournings	qaralarıhis mournings	qaralarıbızour mournings	qaralarığızyou all's mournings	qaralarıtheir mournings
Genitive	qaralanıthe mournings'	qaralarımımy mournings'	qaralarıŋıyour mournings'	qaralarınıhis mournings'	qaralarıbıznıour mournings'	qaralarığıznıyou all's mournings'	qaralarınıtheir mournings'
Accusative	qaralanıthe mournings (as the object)	qaralarımımy mournings (as the object)	qaralarıŋıyour mournings (as the object)	qaralarınhis mournings (as the object)	qaralarıbıznıour mournings (as the object)	qaralarığıznıyou all's mournings (as the object)	qaralarıntheir mournings (as the object)
Dative	qaralağato the mournings	qaralarımato my mournings	qaralarıŋato your mournings	qaralarınato his mournings	qaralarıbızğato our mournings	qaralarığızğato you all's mournings	qaralarınato their mournings
Locative	qaraladain / at the mournings	qaralarımdain / at my mournings	qaralarıŋdain / at your mournings	qaralarındain / at his mournings	qaralarıbızdain / at our mournings	qaralarığızdain / at you all's mournings	qaralarındain / at their mournings
Ablative	qaraladanfrom the mournings	qaralarımdanfrom my mournings	qaralarıŋdanfrom your mournings	qaralarındanfrom his mournings	qaralarıbızdanfrom our mournings	qaralarığızdanfrom you all's mournings	qaralarındanfrom their mournings

The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: qaraları can mean "his / her mournings", "their mourning", or "their mournings" — context decides.

The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.