salırğa
/salɯrʁa/
1. put, place, lay; put in
- stolğa salırğa — to put something on the table
- şayğa şeker salırğa — to put sugar in the tea
- çayğa şeker sal! — put sugar in the tea!
- ornuna salırğa — to put something back in its place
- sabiyni beşikge salırğa — to lay the child in the cradle
- hurjunŋa salırğa — to put something in the pocket
- ayırıb bir janına salırğa — to set something aside to one side
2. build, erect, construct (a building, bridge or monument); lay (a road)
- üy salırğa — to build a house
- köpür salırğa — to build a bridge
- mekyam salırğa — to put up a building
- el başında üy saldıq — we built a house at the top of the village
- qabırğa sın taş sal — put up a gravestone on the grave
3. place someone, take someone on, enroll or appoint someone (in a job, school or post)
- işge salırğa — to get someone a job
- sabiyni şkolğa salırğa — to put the child into school
- oqurğa salırğa — to enroll someone in studies
- ullu qulluqğa salırğa — to appoint someone to a high post
- jaşımı oquwğa salğanma — I have put my son into studies
4. plant, sow
- terek salırğa — to plant a tree
- gardoş salırğa — to plant potatoes
- jerge urluq salırğa — to sow seed in the ground
- baçhağa sohan salğanma — I have planted onions in the garden
5. put on, fit, fix something on (a handle, hoop, ring, bandage, hobble or harness)
- barmaqğa jüzük salırğa — to put a ring on the finger
- qolğa sağat salırğa — to put a watch on the wrist
- baltağa sab salırğa — to fit a handle onto an ax
- jıkkırğa qurşow salırğa — to put a hoop on a tub
- kişen saldım — I put hobbles on
- baylaw salırğa — to put on a bandage
6. spread, lay out, make up (bedding, flooring); lay (a floor or paving)
- orun salırğa — to make up a bed
- töşek salırğa — to spread out a mattress
- kiyiz salırğa — to spread out a felt rug
7. instill (a feeling) in someone, arouse (fear, worry or enmity)
- qayğı sal — instill anxiety
- ol menŋe qorquw saldı — he instilled fear in me
- Hıysanı jüregine qayğı saladı — puts anxiety into Khyysa's heart
- bu hapar halqğa qayğı saldı — this news instilled anxiety in the people
- jüregine awruw salırğa — to put pain into someone's heart
8. apply, expend (effort, strength or means) toward a goal
- işge bütew küçün saldı — he applied all his strength to the work
- bu işge köb qıyın salğanbız — we have put a lot of effort into this work
- ol oquwğa bütew küçün saladı — he applies all his strength to his studies
9. write down, mark, put down (a number, grade or punctuation mark); affix (a signature or seal)
- qol salırğa — to put one's signature
- şkolçunu juwabına bağa sal — put a grade on the pupil's answer
- ustaz defterge ullu beş saldı — the teacher put a big five in the notebook
- bağanı defterge salırbız — we will put the grade down in the notebook
- tıyğıç belgile salırğa — to put in punctuation marks
- kitablağa nomerle salıb turadı — she is putting numbers on the books
10. turn on, switch on (a radio, tape recorder and the like)
- radionu sal — turn on the radio
- televizornu saldıq — we turned on the television
- atam ertdenlikde radionu saladı — my father turns the radio on in the morning
- radionu salıb haparğa tıŋıladı — he turned the radio on and listened to the news
- qonaqla kelgende magnitofonnu saldıla — when the guests came they switched the tape recorder on
11. serve, dish up (food) at table
- stolğa aş saldıla — they served food at the table
- qonaqlağa hıçınla saldıla — they served khychins to the guests
- anam qonaqlağa şorpa saldı — my mother served soup to the guests
12. give (food or fodder) to a person or an animal, feed
- mallağa aş salırğa — to put out feed for the livestock
- ertdenlikde mallağa aş saldım — in the morning I put out feed for the animals
- qoylağa biçen salırğa kerekdi — hay has to be put out for the sheep
- jaşçıq itge aş saladı — the boy puts out food for the dog
13. load (goods onto a vehicle or a pack animal)
- un maşoklanı arbağa saldı — he loaded the sacks of flour onto the cart
- jüknü tüeni sırtına sal — load the goods onto the camel's back
- jaşla biçenni arbağa saldıla — the young men loaded the hay onto the cart
- biz jüknü maşinağa sallıqbız — we will load the goods onto the truck
14. send, post — Used of a letter, a parcel or money sent by post.
- elge qağıt salırğa — to send a letter to the village
- jaşına açha saladı — she sends money to her son
- terk-terk açha saladı — sends money often
- açhanı poçtadan salırğa — to send the money by post
15. lock, fasten up (with a lock or bolt) one source
- eşikge kirit salırğa — to put a lock on the door
- üyge kirit saldı — he locked up the house
- kirit salıb ketdi — he locked up and went
16. install (equipment, an apparatus or a telephone)
- üyge telefon salırğa — to install a telephone in the house
- elge suw bırğıla salğandıla — they have installed water pipes in the village
- üyge jaŋı eşik saldıla — they installed a new door in the house
- qabırğağa ullu sağat saldıla — they installed a big clock on the wall
17. sew on (a button, loop, collar or pocket)
- anam köylegime tüyme saldı — my mother sewed a button onto my shirt
- tonŋa tüymele salırğa — to sew buttons onto a fur coat
- egeçibiz töben janına ilgikle saldı — our sister sewed loops onto the lower part
- könçegine hurjun salırğa unamaydıla — they don't agree to sew a pocket onto his trousers
18. hang, put up (curtains); pin on (a decoration) one source
- terezege jabıw salırğa — to hang curtains on the window
19. impose, levy (a tax, fine or penalty) on someone — Also in qaza salırğa "carry out a reprisal".
- tazir salırğa — to impose a fine
- jasaq sal — levy a tax
- üynü barına jasaq sallıqbız — we will levy a tax on every house
- bir qoy tölew salğandıla — they have imposed a penalty of one sheep
- borç salırğa — to lay a duty on someone
20. lay (blame or guilt) on someone, blame someone one source
- ayıb salırğa — to lay the blame on someone
- menŋe ayıb saldıla — they laid the blame on me
21. establish, set up, introduce (authority, order or a custom); found — Used of authority, an order or a way of life.
- jaŋı jaşaw salğanbız — we have established a new way of life
- kesini onowun salır — he will establish his own rule
- elde kesini onowun saldı — he established his own authority in the village
- bu jerde jaŋı joruq saldıla — they set up a new order in this place
22. submit (a matter) for discussion at a meeting; put to a vote
- jıyılıwğa sal — put it to the meeting
- tamada bu işni jıyılıwğa saldı — the head submitted this matter to the meeting
- bu soruwnu tambla jıyılıwğa salırbız — we will put this question to the meeting tomorrow
- onownu halq allına saldı — he put the decision before the people
23. stage, put on (a play or film)
- jaşla oyun saldıla — the young men staged a play
- qızla jaŋı oyun salırğa tebregendile — the girls have set about staging a new play
- biz bıyıl eki oyun sallıqbız — we will stage two plays this year
24. direct, guide (someone onto a path or idea); call (someone) to order — The path or the idea someone is directed onto stands in the dative.
- ustaz anı tüz jolğa saldı — the teacher set him on the right path
- sabiyni tüz aqılğa salırğa kerekdi — the child has to be guided to the right way of thinking
- jıyılıwda anı joruqğa saldıla — at the meeting they called him to order
25. hit, strike (someone or something)
- birewnü jayağına sal — hit someone on the cheek
- ol anı jayağına saldı — he struck him on the cheek
- jumduruqnu salırğa — to hit with the fist
- qamçi bla atha saldı — he struck the horse with the whip
- adamğa jumduruqnu salırğa jaramaydı — one must not strike a person with the fist
26. cause, inflict (damage, harm or loss) one source
- suw elge ullu zaran saldı — the flood did great damage to the village
27. inflect (a word) for person, number or case
- bu söznü başha boluşha sal — put this word into another case
- almaşlanı köblük sanŋa sal — put the pronouns into the plural
- ustaz söznü tamamlawçu boluşha saldı — the teacher put the word into the accusative case
- oquwçula sözleni üçünçü betge saladıla — the pupils put the words into the third person
28. coat, cover (a surface with a layer of something) one source
- jarağa balham salıb bayladıla — they put ointment on the wound and bandaged it
- ağaçnı üsüne boyaw saldı — he put paint on the surface of the wood
- qumaçha boyaw salıb surat işleydi — she puts dye on the cloth and makes a picture
29. stake, bet (money or an item in a game or wager) one source
- öç sal — make a bet
- öç salama — I bet
- jüz som salama — I stake a hundred rubles
30. set, fix (a date or deadline) one source
- boljal salırğa — to set a deadline
31. draw or paint (a picture or portrait) one source
- sabiy qağıtha surat saladı — the child draws a picture on the paper
- jaşçıq ariw surat saldı — the boy drew a beautiful picture
- ol meni suratımı salğandı — he has drawn my portrait
32. produce, make — Used of turning out a quantity of hay, silage or similar fodder. one source
- kök biçenden jüz tonna sallıqbız — we will make a hundred tons of green hay
- bıyıl el köb biçen salğandı — the village has made a lot of hay this year
- malğa jeterik biçen saldıla — they made enough hay for the livestock
- biz jayda köb biçen sallıqbız — we will make a lot of hay in the summer
33. postpone, put off one source
- igi işni boljalğa salma — do not postpone a good deed
- işni boljalğa salmağız — do not put the work off
- jıyılıwnu başha künŋe saldıla — they postponed the meeting to another day
34. bury, inter one source
- Hajiretni jerge saldı — he buried Khajiret
- ölgenni ertdenlikde jerge saldıla — they buried the dead man in the morning
- anı atasın qabırğa salğandıla — they have laid his father in the grave
- biz anı tuwğan jerine salırbız — we will bury him in the place where he was born
35. sing of, extol (in verse or song) one source
- halq jigitleni jırğa salğandı — the people have sung of their heroes in song
- ata jurtun nazmuğa saladı — he sings of his homeland in verse
- anı atın jırğa sallıqbız — we will sing of his name in song
36. rear up, rise on its hind legs (of a horse)
- at saldı — the horse reared
- at salıb qaldı — the horse reared up
- atla saldıla — the horses reared
37. set, cast (a net or fishing line) one source
- kölge çabaq aw salırğa — to set a fishing net in the lake
- suwğa aw saldıq — we set a net in the river
38. lay roe, spawn (of fish) one source
- ırhız saladı — lays roe
- çabaqla jazda ırhız saladıla — the fish spawn in spring
- çabaq suwda ırhız salğandı — the fish has spawned in the water
39. spin a web (of spiders and insects) one source
- aw salırğa — to spin a web
- gıbı müyüşde aw salğandı — the spider has spun a web in the corner
- gıbıla terezede aw saladıla — spiders spin webs on the window
Expressions
- Allahnı arağa salıb ant eterge — swear by God; to tell the truth
- atın jerge salmazğa — uphold someone's honor
- awuzuna kirit salırğa — keep silent
- awuzuna salmazğa — abstain entirely
Conjugation
Common forms
- saladıhe is putting
- saldıhe put
- salğandıhe has put
- salırhe will put
- sallıqdıhe is going to put
- sala edihe was putting
- salsaif he puts
- sal!put!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | mensalamaI am putting | sensalasayou are putting | olsaladıhe is putting | bizsalabızwe are putting | sizsalasızyou all are putting | alasaladılathey are putting |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mensalmaymaI am not putting | sensalmaysayou are not putting | olsalmaydıhe is not putting | bizsalmaybızwe are not putting | sizsalmaysızyou all are not putting | alasalmaydılathey are not putting |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mensalamamı? salamıma?am I putting? | sensalamısa?are you putting? | olsalamıdı?is he putting? | bizsalabızmı? salamıbız?are we putting? | sizsalamısız?are you all putting? | alasalamıdıla?are they putting? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mensalmaymamı? salmaymıma?aren't I putting? | sensalmaymısa?aren't you putting? | olsalmaymıdı?isn't he putting? | bizsalmaybızmı? salmaymıbız?aren't we putting? | sizsalmaymısız?aren't you all putting? | alasalmaymıdıla?aren't they putting? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mensalıwçanmaI usually put | sensalıwçansayou usually put | olsalıwçandıhe usually puts | bizsalıwçanbızwe usually put | sizsalıwçansızyou all usually put | alasalıwçandılathey usually put |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mensalmawçanmaI usually don't put | sensalmawçansayou usually don't put | olsalmawçandıhe usually doesn't put | bizsalmawçanbızwe usually don't put | sizsalmawçansızyou all usually don't put | alasalmawçandılathey usually don't put |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mensalıwçanmamı? salıwçanmıma?do I usually put? | sensalıwçanmısa?do you usually put? | olsalıwçanmıdı?does he usually put? | bizsalıwçanbızmı? salıwçanmıbız?do we usually put? | sizsalıwçanmısız?do you all usually put? | alasalıwçanmıdıla?do they usually put? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mensalmawçanmamı? salmawçanmıma?do I usually not put? | sensalmawçanmısa?do you usually not put? | olsalmawçanmıdı?does he usually not put? | bizsalmawçanbızmı? salmawçanmıbız?do we usually not put? | sizsalmawçanmısız?do you all usually not put? | alasalmawçanmıdıla?do they usually not put? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olsalıbdıhe has put and remains so | alasalıbdılathey have put and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olsalıbmıdı?has he put? | alasalıbmıdıla?have they put? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | mensalıb turamaI keep putting | sensalıb turasayou keep putting | olsalıb turadıhe keeps putting | bizsalıb turabızwe keep putting | sizsalıb turasızyou all keep putting | alasalıb turadılathey keep putting |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mensalıb turmaymaI don't keep putting | sensalıb turmaysayou don't keep putting | olsalıb turmaydıhe doesn't keep putting | bizsalıb turmaybızwe don't keep putting | sizsalıb turmaysızyou all don't keep putting | alasalıb turmaydılathey don't keep putting |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mensalıb turamamı? salıb turamıma?do I keep putting? | sensalıb turamısa?do you keep putting? | olsalıb turamıdı?does he keep putting? | bizsalıb turabızmı? salıb turamıbız?do we keep putting? | sizsalıb turamısız?do you all keep putting? | alasalıb turamıdıla?do they keep putting? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mensalıb turmaymamı? salıb turmaymıma?don't I keep putting? | sensalıb turmaymısa?don't you keep putting? | olsalıb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep putting? | bizsalıb turmaybızmı? salıb turmaymıbız?don't we keep putting? | sizsalıb turmaymısız?don't you all keep putting? | alasalıb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep putting? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mensala turamaI am in the middle of putting | sensala turasayou are in the middle of putting | olsala turadıhe is in the middle of putting | bizsala turabızwe are in the middle of putting | sizsala turasızyou all are in the middle of putting | alasala turadılathey are in the middle of putting |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mensala turmaymaI am not in the middle of putting | sensala turmaysayou are not in the middle of putting | olsala turmaydıhe is not in the middle of putting | bizsala turmaybızwe are not in the middle of putting | sizsala turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of putting | alasala turmaydılathey are not in the middle of putting |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mensala turamamı? sala turamıma?am I in the middle of putting? | sensala turamısa?are you in the middle of putting? | olsala turamıdı?is he in the middle of putting? | bizsala turabızmı? sala turamıbız?are we in the middle of putting? | sizsala turamısız?are you all in the middle of putting? | alasala turamıdıla?are they in the middle of putting? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mensala turmaymamı? sala turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of putting? | sensala turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of putting? | olsala turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of putting? | bizsala turmaybızmı? sala turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of putting? | sizsala turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of putting? | alasala turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of putting? |
| Simple past (definite) | mensaldımI put | sensaldıŋyou put | olsaldıhe put | bizsaldıqwe put | sizsaldığızyou all put | alasaldılathey put |
| Simple past (definite) | mensalmadımI didn't put | sensalmadıŋyou didn't put | olsalmadıhe didn't put | bizsalmadıqwe didn't put | sizsalmadığızyou all didn't put | alasalmadılathey didn't put |
| Simple past (definite) | mensaldımmı?did I put? | sensaldıŋmı?did you put? | olsaldımı?did he put? | bizsaldıqmı?did we put? | sizsaldığızmı?did you all put? | alasaldılamı?did they put? |
| Simple past (definite) | mensalmadımmı?didn't I put? | sensalmadıŋmı?didn't you put? | olsalmadımı?didn't he put? | bizsalmadıqmı?didn't we put? | sizsalmadığızmı?didn't you all put? | alasalmadılamı?didn't they put? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mensalğanmaI have put | sensalğansayou have put | olsalğandıhe has put | bizsalğanbızwe have put | sizsalğansızyou all have put | alasalğandılathey have put |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mensalmağanmaI haven't put | sensalmağansayou haven't put | olsalmağandıhe hasn't put | bizsalmağanbızwe haven't put | sizsalmağansızyou all haven't put | alasalmağandılathey haven't put |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mensalğanmamı? salğanmıma?have I put? | sensalğanmısa?have you put? | olsalğanmıdı?has he put? | bizsalğanbızmı? salğanmıbız?have we put? | sizsalğanmısız?have you all put? | alasalğanmıdıla?have they put? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mensalmağanmamı? salmağanmıma?haven't I put? | sensalmağanmısa?haven't you put? | olsalmağanmıdı?hasn't he put? | bizsalmağanbızmı? salmağanmıbız?haven't we put? | sizsalmağanmısız?haven't you all put? | alasalmağanmıdıla?haven't they put? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mensalıb turdumI kept putting | sensalıb turduŋyou kept putting | olsalıb turduhe kept putting | bizsalıb turduqwe kept putting | sizsalıb turduğuzyou all kept putting | alasalıb turdulathey kept putting |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mensalıb turmadımI didn't keep putting | sensalıb turmadıŋyou didn't keep putting | olsalıb turmadıhe didn't keep putting | bizsalıb turmadıqwe didn't keep putting | sizsalıb turmadığızyou all didn't keep putting | alasalıb turmadılathey didn't keep putting |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | mensalırmaI will put | sensalırsayou will put | olsalırhe will put | bizsalırbızwe will put | sizsalırsızyou all will put | alasalırlathey will put |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mensalmazmaI won't put | sensalmazsayou won't put | olsalmazhe won't put | bizsalmazbızwe won't put | sizsalmazsızyou all won't put | alasalmazlathey won't put |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mensalırmamı? salırmıma?will I put? | sensalırmısa?will you put? | olsalırmı?will he put? | bizsalırbızmı? salırmıbız?will we put? | sizsalırmısız?will you all put? | alasalırlamı? salırmıla?will they put? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mensalmazmamı? salmazmıma?won't I put? | sensalmazmısa?won't you put? | olsalmazmı?won't he put? | bizsalmazbızmı? salmazmıbız?won't we put? | sizsalmazmısız?won't you all put? | alasalmazlamı? salmazmıla?won't they put? |
| Definite future (future II) | mensallıqmaI am going to put | sensallıqsayou are going to put | olsallıqdıhe is going to put | bizsallıqbızwe are going to put | sizsallıqsızyou all are going to put | alasallıqdılathey are going to put |
| Definite future (future II) | mensallıq tülmeI am not going to put | sensallıq tülseyou are not going to put | olsallıq tüldühe is not going to put | bizsallıq tülbüzwe are not going to put | sizsallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to put | alasallıq tüldülethey are not going to put |
| Definite future (future II) | mensallıqmamı? sallıqmıma?am I going to put? | sensallıqmısa?are you going to put? | olsallıqmıdı?is he going to put? | bizsallıqbızmı? sallıqmıbız?are we going to put? | sizsallıqmısız?are you all going to put? | alasallıqmıdıla?are they going to put? |
| Definite future (future II) | mensallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to put? | sensallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to put? | olsallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to put? | bizsallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to put? | sizsallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to put? | alasallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to put? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mensalğan edimsalğanemI had put | sensalğan ediŋsalğaneŋyou had put | olsalğan edisalğanedhe had put | bizsalğan ediksalğanekwe had put | sizsalğan edigizsalğanegizyou all had put | alasalğan edilesalğanellethey had put |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mensalmağan edimsalmağanemI hadn't put | sensalmağan ediŋsalmağaneŋyou hadn't put | olsalmağan edisalmağanedhe hadn't put | bizsalmağan ediksalmağanekwe hadn't put | sizsalmağan edigizsalmağanegizyou all hadn't put | alasalmağan edilesalmağanellethey hadn't put |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mensala edimsalaemI was putting | sensala ediŋsalaeŋyou were putting | olsala edisalaedhe was putting | bizsala ediksalaekwe were putting | sizsala edigizsalaegizyou all were putting | alasala edilesalaellethey were putting |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mensalmay edimsalmayemI wasn't putting | sensalmay ediŋsalmayeŋyou weren't putting | olsalmay edisalmayedhe wasn't putting | bizsalmay ediksalmayekwe weren't putting | sizsalmay edigizsalmayegizyou all weren't putting | alasalmay edilesalmayellethey weren't putting |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | mensalıwçan edimsalıwçanemI used to put | sensalıwçan ediŋsalıwçaneŋyou used to put | olsalıwçan edisalıwçanedhe used to put | bizsalıwçan ediksalıwçanekwe used to put | sizsalıwçan edigizsalıwçanegizyou all used to put | alasalıwçan edilesalıwçanellethey used to put |
| Habitual past (used to) | mensalmawçan edimsalmawçanemI didn't use to put | sensalmawçan ediŋsalmawçaneŋyou didn't use to put | olsalmawçan edisalmawçanedhe didn't use to put | bizsalmawçan ediksalmawçanekwe didn't use to put | sizsalmawçan edigizsalmawçanegizyou all didn't use to put | alasalmawçan edilesalmawçanellethey didn't use to put |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olsalıb edihe had put and remained so | alasalıb edilethey had put and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olsalıb tül edihe hadn't put | alasalıb tül edilethey hadn't put | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mensalıb tura edimsalıb turaemI had kept putting | sensalıb tura ediŋsalıb turaeŋyou had kept putting | olsalıb tura edisalıb turaedhe had kept putting | bizsalıb tura ediksalıb turaekwe had kept putting | sizsalıb tura edigizsalıb turaegizyou all had kept putting | alasalıb tura edilesalıb turaellethey had kept putting |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mensalıb turmay edimsalıb turmayemI hadn't kept putting | sensalıb turmay ediŋsalıb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept putting | olsalıb turmay edisalıb turmayedhe hadn't kept putting | bizsalıb turmay ediksalıb turmayekwe hadn't kept putting | sizsalıb turmay edigizsalıb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept putting | alasalıb turmay edilesalıb turmayellethey hadn't kept putting |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mensala tura edimsala turaemI was in the middle of putting | sensala tura ediŋsala turaeŋyou were in the middle of putting | olsala tura edisala turaedhe was in the middle of putting | bizsala tura ediksala turaekwe were in the middle of putting | sizsala tura edigizsala turaegizyou all were in the middle of putting | alasala tura edilesala turaellethey were in the middle of putting |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mensala turmay edimsala turmayemI wasn't in the middle of putting | sensala turmay ediŋsala turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of putting | olsala turmay edisala turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of putting | bizsala turmay ediksala turmayekwe weren't in the middle of putting | sizsala turmay edigizsala turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of putting | alasala turmay edilesala turmayellethey weren't in the middle of putting |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | mensalır edimsalır emI would put | sensalır ediŋsalır eŋyou would put | olsalır edisalır edhe would put | bizsalır ediksalır ekwe would put | sizsalır edigizsalır egizyou all would put | alasalır edilesalır ellethey would put |
| Conditional result (would) | mensalmaz edimsalmaz emI wouldn't put | sensalmaz ediŋsalmaz eŋyou wouldn't put | olsalmaz edisalmaz edhe wouldn't put | bizsalmaz ediksalmaz ekwe wouldn't put | sizsalmaz edigizsalmaz egizyou all wouldn't put | alasalmaz edilesalmaz ellethey wouldn't put |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | mensallıq edimsallıq emI would have put | sensallıq ediŋsallıq eŋyou would have put | olsallıq edisallıq edhe would have put | bizsallıq ediksallıq ekwe would have put | sizsallıq edigizsallıq egizyou all would have put | alasallıq edilesallıq ellethey would have put |
| Past conditional result (would have) | mensallıq tül edimsallıq tül emI wouldn't have put | sensallıq tül ediŋsallıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have put | olsallıq tül edisallıq tül edhe wouldn't have put | bizsallıq tül ediksallıq tül ekwe wouldn't have put | sizsallıq tül edigizsallıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have put | alasallıq tül edilesallıq tül ellethey wouldn't have put |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | mensalsamif I put | sensalsaŋif you put | olsalsaif he puts | bizsalsaqif we put | sizsalsağızif you all put | alasalsalaif they put |
| Conditional | mensalmasamif I don't put | sensalmasaŋif you don't put | olsalmasaif he doesn't put | bizsalmasaqif we don't put | sizsalmasağızif you all don't put | alasalmasalaif they don't put |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | mensala esemif I am putting | sensala eseŋif you are putting | olsala eseif he is putting | bizsala esekif we are putting | sizsala esegizif you all are putting | alasala eseleif they are putting |
| Conditional, present real | mensalmay esemif I am not putting | sensalmay eseŋif you are not putting | olsalmay eseif he is not putting | bizsalmay esekif we are not putting | sizsalmay esegizif you all are not putting | alasalmay eseleif they are not putting |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mensalsam edisalsam edif only I put | sensalsaŋ edisalsaŋ edif only you put | olsalsa edisalsaedif only he put | bizsalsaq edisalsaq edif only we put | sizsalsağız edisalsağız edif only you all put | alasalsala edisalsalaedif only they put |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mensalmasam edisalmasam edif only I didn't put | sensalmasaŋ edisalmasaŋ edif only you didn't put | olsalmasa edisalmasaedif only he didn't put | bizsalmasaq edisalmasaq edif only we didn't put | sizsalmasağız edisalmasağız edif only you all didn't put | alasalmasala edisalmasalaedif only they didn't put |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | mensalıb tursamif I carry on putting | sensalıb tursaŋif you carry on putting | olsalıb tursaif he carries on putting | bizsalıb tursaqif we carry on putting | sizsalıb tursağızif you all carry on putting | alasalıb tursalaif they carry on putting |
| Durative conditional | mensalıb turmasamif I don't carry on putting | sensalıb turmasaŋif you don't carry on putting | olsalıb turmasaif he doesn't carry on putting | bizsalıb turmasaqif we don't carry on putting | sizsalıb turmasağızif you all don't carry on putting | alasalıb turmasalaif they don't carry on putting |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | mensalıb tura esemif I have kept putting | sensalıb tura eseŋif you have kept putting | olsalıb tura eseif he has kept putting | bizsalıb tura esekif we have kept putting | sizsalıb tura esegizif you all have kept putting | alasalıb tura eseleif they have kept putting |
| Durative conditional, present real | mensalıb turmay esemif I haven't kept putting | sensalıb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept putting | olsalıb turmay eseif he hasn't kept putting | bizsalıb turmay esekif we haven't kept putting | sizsalıb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept putting | alasalıb turmay eseleif they haven't kept putting |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | mensala tursamif I keep putting | sensala tursaŋif you keep putting | olsala tursaif he keeps putting | bizsala tursaqif we keep putting | sizsala tursağızif you all keep putting | alasala tursalaif they keep putting |
| Progressive conditional | mensalmay tursamif I keep on not putting | sensalmay tursaŋif you keep on not putting | olsalmay tursaif he keeps on not putting | bizsalmay tursaqif we keep on not putting | sizsalmay tursağızif you all keep on not putting | alasalmay tursalaif they keep on not putting |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | mensala tura esemif I am in the middle of putting | sensala tura eseŋif you are in the middle of putting | olsala tura eseif he is in the middle of putting | bizsala tura esekif we are in the middle of putting | sizsala tura esegizif you all are in the middle of putting | alasala tura eseleif they are in the middle of putting |
| Progressive conditional, present real | mensalmay tura esemif I keep on not putting | sensalmay tura eseŋif you keep on not putting | olsalmay tura eseif he keeps on not putting | bizsalmay tura esekif we keep on not putting | sizsalmay tura esegizif you all keep on not putting | alasalmay tura eseleif they keep on not putting |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | mensaldım esemif I put | sensaldıŋ eseŋif you put | olsaldı eseif he put | bizsaldıq esekif we put | sizsaldığız esegizif you all put | alasaldıla eseleif they put |
| Conditional, definite past1 | mensalmadım esemif I didn't put | sensalmadıŋ eseŋif you didn't put | olsalmadı eseif he didn't put | bizsalmadıq esekif we didn't put | sizsalmadığız esegizif you all didn't put | alasalmadıla eseleif they didn't put |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | mensalğan esemif I did put (indeed) | sensalğan eseŋif you did put (indeed) | olsalğan eseif he did put (indeed) | bizsalğan esekif we did put (indeed) | sizsalğan esegizif you all did put (indeed) | alasalğan eseleif they did put (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | mensalmağan esemif I didn't put (indeed) | sensalmağan eseŋif you didn't put (indeed) | olsalmağan eseif he didn't put (indeed) | bizsalmağan esekif we didn't put (indeed) | sizsalmağan esegizif you all didn't put (indeed) | alasalmağan eseleif they didn't put (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | mensalğan bolsamif I had put | sensalğan bolsaŋif you had put | olsalğan bolsaif he had put | bizsalğan bolsaqif we had put | sizsalğan bolsağızif you all had put | alasalğan bolsalaif they had put |
| Conditional, counterfactual | mensalmağan bolsamif I hadn't put | sensalmağan bolsaŋif you hadn't put | olsalmağan bolsaif he hadn't put | bizsalmağan bolsaqif we hadn't put | sizsalmağan bolsağızif you all hadn't put | alasalmağan bolsalaif they hadn't put |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mensalğan bolsam edisalğan bolsam edif only I had put | sensalğan bolsaŋ edisalğan bolsaŋ edif only you had put | olsalğan bolsa edisalğan bolsaedif only he had put | bizsalğan bolsaq edisalğan bolsaq edif only we had put | sizsalğan bolsağız edisalğan bolsağız edif only you all had put | alasalğan bolsala edisalğan bolsalaedif only they had put |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mensalmağan bolsam edisalmağan bolsam edif only I hadn't put | sensalmağan bolsaŋ edisalmağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't put | olsalmağan bolsa edisalmağan bolsaedif only he hadn't put | bizsalmağan bolsaq edisalmağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't put | sizsalmağan bolsağız edisalmağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't put | alasalmağan bolsala edisalmağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't put |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | mensalır esemif I will put | sensalır eseŋif you will put | olsalır eseif he will put | bizsalır esekif we will put | sizsalır esegizif you all will put | alasalır eseleif they will put |
| Conditional, aorist | mensalmaz esemif I won't put | sensalmaz eseŋif you won't put | olsalmaz eseif he won't put | bizsalmaz esekif we won't put | sizsalmaz esegizif you all won't put | alasalmaz eseleif they won't put |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | mensallıq esemif I am going to put | sensallıq eseŋif you are going to put | olsallıq eseif he is going to put | bizsallıq esekif we are going to put | sizsallıq esegizif you all are going to put | alasallıq eseleif they are going to put |
| Conditional, future | mensallıq tül esemif I am not going to put | sensallıq tül eseŋif you are not going to put | olsallıq tül eseif he is not going to put | bizsallıq tül esekif we are not going to put | sizsallıq tül esegizif you all are not going to put | alasallıq tül eseleif they are not going to put |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mensallıq bolsamif I were going to put | sensallıq bolsaŋif you were going to put | olsallıq bolsaif he were going to put | bizsallıq bolsaqif we were going to put | sizsallıq bolsağızif you all were going to put | alasallıq bolsalaif they were going to put |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mensalmazlıq bolsamif I were not going to put | sensalmazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to put | olsalmazlıq bolsaif he were not going to put | bizsalmazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to put | sizsalmazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to put | alasalmazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to put |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso saldıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mensala bolurmaI must be putting | sensala bolursayou must be putting | olsala bolurhe must be putting | bizsala bolurbuzwe must be putting | sizsala bolursuzyou all must be putting | alasala bolurlathey must be putting |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mensalmay bolurmaI must not be putting | sensalmay bolursayou must not be putting | olsalmay bolurhe must not be putting | bizsalmay bolurbuzwe must not be putting | sizsalmay bolursuzyou all must not be putting | alasalmay bolurlathey must not be putting |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mensala tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of putting | sensala tura bolursayou must be in the middle of putting | olsala tura bolurhe must be in the middle of putting | bizsala tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of putting | sizsala tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of putting | alasala tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of putting |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mensalmay tura bolurmaI must keep on not putting | sensalmay tura bolursayou must keep on not putting | olsalmay tura bolurhe must keep on not putting | bizsalmay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not putting | sizsalmay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not putting | alasalmay tura bolurlathey must keep on not putting |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | mensalğan bolurmaI must have put | sensalğan bolursayou must have put | olsalğan bolurhe must have put | bizsalğan bolurbuzwe must have put | sizsalğan bolursuzyou all must have put | alasalğan bolurlathey must have put |
| Inference (must have) | mensalmağan bolurmaI must not have put | sensalmağan bolursayou must not have put | olsalmağan bolurhe must not have put | bizsalmağan bolurbuzwe must not have put | sizsalmağan bolursuzyou all must not have put | alasalmağan bolurlathey must not have put |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mensallıq bolurmaI must be going to put | sensallıq bolursayou must be going to put | olsallıq bolurhe must be going to put | bizsallıq bolurbuzwe must be going to put | sizsallıq bolursuzyou all must be going to put | alasallıq bolurlathey must be going to put |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mensalmazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to put | sensalmazlıq bolursayou must not be going to put | olsalmazlıq bolurhe must not be going to put | bizsalmazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to put | sizsalmazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to put | alasalmazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to put |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | mensalayımlet me put | sensal!put! | olsalsınlet him put | bizsalayıqlet's put | sizsalığız!put, you all! | alasalsınlalet them put |
| Commands & suggestions | mensalmayımlet me not put | sensalma!don't put! | olsalmasınlet him not put | bizsalmayıqlet's not put | sizsalmağız!don't put, you all! | alasalmasınlalet them not put |
| Commands & suggestions | mensalayımmı?shall I put? | olsalsınmı?should he put? | bizsalayıqmı?shall we put? | alasalsınlamı?should they put? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | mensalmayımmı?shall I not put? | olsalmasınmı?should he not put? | bizsalmayıqmı?shall we not put? | alasalmasınlamı?should they not put? | ||
| Requests | sensalçı2salçınplease put | olsalsınçıdo let him put | sizsalçığızplease put (plural/polite) | alasalsınlaçıdo let them put | ||
| Requests | sensalmaçı2salmaçınplease don't put | olsalmasınçıdo let him not put | sizsalmaçığızplease don't put (plural/polite) | alasalmasınlaçıdo let them not put | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sensalğınsalğımay you put | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sensalmağınsalmağımay you not put | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mensalğay edim salğa edimwould that I put | sensalğay ediŋ salğa ediŋwould that you put | olsalğay edi salğa ediwould that he put | bizsalğay edik salğa edikwould that we put | sizsalğay edigiz salğa edigizwould that you all put | alasalğay edile salğa edilewould that they put |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mensalmağay edim salmağa edimwould that I did not put | sensalmağay ediŋ salmağa ediŋwould that you did not put | olsalmağay edi salmağa ediwould that he did not put | bizsalmağay edik salmağa edikwould that we did not put | sizsalmağay edigiz salmağa edigizwould that you all did not put | alasalmağay edile salmağa edilewould that they did not put |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | mensalmağa qoyayımsalma qoyayımlet me allow someone to put | sensalmağa qoy!salma qoy!let someone put! | olsalmağa qoysunsalma qoysunlet him allow someone to put | bizsalmağa qoyayıqsalma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to put | sizsalmağa qoyuğuz!salma qoyuğuz!let someone put, you all! | alasalmağa qoysunlasalma qoysunlalet them allow someone to put |
| Let someone… (commands) | mensalmağa qoymayımsalma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to put | sensalmağa qoyma!salma qoyma!don't let someone put! | olsalmağa qoymasınsalma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to put | bizsalmağa qoymayıqsalma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to put | sizsalmağa qoymağız!salma qoymağız!don't let someone put, you all! | alasalmağa qoymasınlasalma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to put |
| Let someone… (commands) | mensalmağa qoyayımmı?salma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to put? | olsalmağa qoysunmu?salma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to put? | bizsalmağa qoyayıqmı?salma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to put? | alasalmağa qoysunlamı?salma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to put? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | mensalmağa qoymayımmı?salma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to put? | olsalmağa qoymasınmı?salma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to put? | bizsalmağa qoymayıqmı?salma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to put? | alasalmağa qoymasınlamı?salma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to put? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | mensalmağa qoyamasalma qoyamaI allow someone to put | sensalmağa qoyasasalma qoyasayou allow someone to put | olsalmağa qoyadısalma qoyadıhe allows someone to put | bizsalmağa qoyabızsalma qoyabızwe allow someone to put | sizsalmağa qoyasızsalma qoyasızyou all allow someone to put | alasalmağa qoyadılasalma qoyadılathey allow someone to put |
| Let someone… (present) | mensalmağa qoymaymasalma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to put | sensalmağa qoymaysasalma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to put | olsalmağa qoymaydısalma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to put | bizsalmağa qoymaybızsalma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to put | sizsalmağa qoymaysızsalma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to put | alasalmağa qoymaydılasalma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to put |
| Let someone… (present) | mensalmağa qoyamamı?salma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to put? | sensalmağa qoyamısa?salma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to put? | olsalmağa qoyamıdı?salma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to put? | bizsalmağa qoyabızmı?salma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to put? | sizsalmağa qoyamısız?salma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to put? | alasalmağa qoyamıdıla?salma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to put? |
| Let someone… (present) | mensalmağa qoymaymamı?salma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to put? | sensalmağa qoymaymısa?salma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to put? | olsalmağa qoymaymıdı?salma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to put? | bizsalmağa qoymaybızmı?salma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to put? | sizsalmağa qoymaymısız?salma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to put? | alasalmağa qoymaymıdıla?salma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to put? |
| Let someone… (past) | mensalmağa qoydumsalma qoydumI allowed someone to put | sensalmağa qoyduŋsalma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to put | olsalmağa qoydusalma qoyduhe allowed someone to put | bizsalmağa qoyduqsalma qoyduqwe allowed someone to put | sizsalmağa qoyduğuzsalma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to put | alasalmağa qoydulasalma qoydulathey allowed someone to put |
| Let someone… (past) | mensalmağa qoymadımsalma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to put | sensalmağa qoymadıŋsalma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to put | olsalmağa qoymadısalma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to put | bizsalmağa qoymadıqsalma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to put | sizsalmağa qoymadığızsalma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to put | alasalmağa qoymadılasalma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to put |
| Let someone… (past) | mensalmağa qoydummu?salma qoydummu?did I allow someone to put? | sensalmağa qoyduŋmu?salma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to put? | olsalmağa qoydumu?salma qoydumu?did he allow someone to put? | bizsalmağa qoyduqmu?salma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to put? | sizsalmağa qoyduğuzmu?salma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to put? | alasalmağa qoydulamı?salma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to put? |
| Let someone… (past) | mensalmağa qoymadımmı?salma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to put? | sensalmağa qoymadıŋmı?salma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to put? | olsalmağa qoymadımı?salma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to put? | bizsalmağa qoymadıqmı?salma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to put? | sizsalmağa qoymadığızmı?salma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to put? | alasalmağa qoymadılamı?salma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to put? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
salalırğa be able to put · salalmazğa be unable to put
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | mensalalamaI can put | sensalalasayou can put | olsalaladıhe can put | bizsalalabızwe can put | sizsalalasızyou all can put | alasalaladılathey can put |
| Ability — present | mensalalmaymaI can't put | sensalalmaysayou can't put | olsalalmaydıhe can't put | bizsalalmaybızwe can't put | sizsalalmaysızyou all can't put | alasalalmaydılathey can't put |
| Ability — present | mensalalamamı? salalamıma?can I put? | sensalalamısa?can you put? | olsalalamıdı?can he put? | bizsalalabızmı? salalamıbız?can we put? | sizsalalamısız?can you all put? | alasalalamıdıla?can they put? |
| Ability — present | mensalalmaymamı? salalmaymıma?can't I put? | sensalalmaymısa?can't you put? | olsalalmaymıdı?can't he put? | bizsalalmaybızmı? salalmaymıbız?can't we put? | sizsalalmaymısız?can't you all put? | alasalalmaymıdıla?can't they put? |
| Ability — if I can… | mensalalsamif I can put | sensalalsaŋif you can put | olsalalsaif he can put | bizsalalsaqif we can put | sizsalalsağızif you all can put | alasalalsalaif they can put |
| Ability — if I can… | mensalalmasamif I can't put | sensalalmasaŋif you can't put | olsalalmasaif he can't put | bizsalalmasaqif we can't put | sizsalalmasağızif you all can't put | alasalalmasalaif they can't put |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | mensalaldımI was able to put | sensalaldıŋyou were able to put | olsalaldıhe was able to put | bizsalaldıqwe were able to put | sizsalaldığızyou all were able to put | alasalaldılathey were able to put |
| Ability — simple past | mensalalmadımI could not put | sensalalmadıŋyou could not put | olsalalmadıhe could not put | bizsalalmadıqwe could not put | sizsalalmadığızyou all could not put | alasalalmadılathey could not put |
| Ability — simple past | mensalaldımmı?was I able to put? | sensalaldıŋmı?were you able to put? | olsalaldımı?was he able to put? | bizsalaldıqmı?were we able to put? | sizsalaldığızmı?were you all able to put? | alasalaldılamı?were they able to put? |
| Ability — simple past | mensalalmadımmı?couldn't I put? | sensalalmadıŋmı?couldn't you put? | olsalalmadımı?couldn't he put? | bizsalalmadıqmı?couldn't we put? | sizsalalmadığızmı?couldn't you all put? | alasalalmadılamı?couldn't they put? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mensalalğanmaI have been able to put | sensalalğansayou have been able to put | olsalalğandıhe has been able to put | bizsalalğanbızwe have been able to put | sizsalalğansızyou all have been able to put | alasalalğandılathey have been able to put |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mensalalmağanmaI haven't been able to put | sensalalmağansayou haven't been able to put | olsalalmağandıhe hasn't been able to put | bizsalalmağanbızwe haven't been able to put | sizsalalmağansızyou all haven't been able to put | alasalalmağandılathey haven't been able to put |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mensalalğanmamı? salalğanmıma?have I been able to put? | sensalalğanmısa?have you been able to put? | olsalalğanmıdı?has he been able to put? | bizsalalğanbızmı? salalğanmıbız?have we been able to put? | sizsalalğanmısız?have you all been able to put? | alasalalğanmıdıla?have they been able to put? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mensalalmağanmamı? salalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to put? | sensalalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to put? | olsalalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to put? | bizsalalmağanbızmı? salalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to put? | sizsalalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to put? | alasalalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to put? |
| Ability — past perfect | mensalalğan edimsalalğanemI had been able to put | sensalalğan ediŋsalalğaneŋyou had been able to put | olsalalğan edisalalğanedhe had been able to put | bizsalalğan ediksalalğanekwe had been able to put | sizsalalğan edigizsalalğanegizyou all had been able to put | alasalalğan edilesalalğanellethey had been able to put |
| Ability — past perfect | mensalalmağan edimsalalmağanemI hadn't been able to put | sensalalmağan ediŋsalalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to put | olsalalmağan edisalalmağanedhe hadn't been able to put | bizsalalmağan ediksalalmağanekwe hadn't been able to put | sizsalalmağan edigizsalalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to put | alasalalmağan edilesalalmağanellethey hadn't been able to put |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | mensalala edimsalalaemI could put | sensalala ediŋsalalaeŋyou could put | olsalala edisalalaedhe could put | bizsalala ediksalalaekwe could put | sizsalala edigizsalalaegizyou all could put | alasalala edilesalalaellethey could put |
| Ability — past background | mensalalmay edimsalalmayemI could not put | sensalalmay ediŋsalalmayeŋyou could not put | olsalalmay edisalalmayedhe could not put | bizsalalmay ediksalalmayekwe could not put | sizsalalmay edigizsalalmayegizyou all could not put | alasalalmay edilesalalmayellethey could not put |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | mensalalırmaI will be able to put | sensalalırsayou will be able to put | olsalalırhe will be able to put | bizsalalırbızwe will be able to put | sizsalalırsızyou all will be able to put | alasalalırlathey will be able to put |
| Ability — future I | mensalalmazmaI won't be able to put | sensalalmazsayou won't be able to put | olsalalmazhe won't be able to put | bizsalalmazbızwe won't be able to put | sizsalalmazsızyou all won't be able to put | alasalalmazlathey won't be able to put |
| Ability — future I | mensalalırmamı? salalırmıma?will I be able to put? | sensalalırmısa?will you be able to put? | olsalalırmı?will he be able to put? | bizsalalırbızmı? salalırmıbız?will we be able to put? | sizsalalırmısız?will you all be able to put? | alasalalırlamı? salalırmıla?will they be able to put? |
| Ability — future I | mensalalmazmamı? salalmazmıma?won't I be able to put? | sensalalmazmısa?won't you be able to put? | olsalalmazmı?won't he be able to put? | bizsalalmazbızmı? salalmazmıbız?won't we be able to put? | sizsalalmazmısız?won't you all be able to put? | alasalalmazlamı? salalmazmıla?won't they be able to put? |
| Ability — future II | mensalallıqmaI am going to be able to put | sensalallıqsayou are going to be able to put | olsalallıqdıhe is going to be able to put | bizsalallıqbızwe are going to be able to put | sizsalallıqsızyou all are going to be able to put | alasalallıqdılathey are going to be able to put |
| Ability — future II | mensalallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to put | sensalallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to put | olsalallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to put | bizsalallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to put | sizsalallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to put | alasalallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to put |
| Ability — future II | mensalallıqmamı? salallıqmıma?am I going to be able to put? | sensalallıqmısa?are you going to be able to put? | olsalallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to put? | bizsalallıqbızmı? salallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to put? | sizsalallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to put? | alasalallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to put? |
| Ability — future II | mensalallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to put? | sensalallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to put? | olsalallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to put? | bizsalallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to put? | sizsalallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to put? | alasalallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to put? |
| Ability — would be able to… | mensalalır edimsalalır emI would be able to put | sensalalır ediŋsalalır eŋyou would be able to put | olsalalır edisalalır edhe would be able to put | bizsalalır ediksalalır ekwe would be able to put | sizsalalır edigizsalalır egizyou all would be able to put | alasalalır edilesalalır ellethey would be able to put |
| Ability — would be able to… | mensalalmaz edimsalalmaz emI wouldn't be able to put | sensalalmaz ediŋsalalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to put | olsalalmaz edisalalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to put | bizsalalmaz ediksalalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to put | sizsalalmaz edigizsalalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to put | alasalalmaz edilesalalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to put |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sensalalğınsalalğımay you be able to put | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sensalalmağınsalalmağımay you not be able to put | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | mensalırğa izleymeI want to put | sensalırğa izleyseyou want to put | olsalırğa izleydihe wants to put | bizsalırğa izleybizwe want to put | sizsalırğa izleysizyou all want to put | alasalırğa izleydilethey want to put |
| want to | mensalırğa izlemeymeI do not want to put | sensalırğa izlemeyseyou do not want to put | olsalırğa izlemeydihe does not want to put | bizsalırğa izlemeybizwe do not want to put | sizsalırğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to put | alasalırğa izlemeydilethey do not want to put |
| would like to | mensalırğa süemeI would like to put | sensalırğa süeseyou would like to put | olsalırğa süedihe would like to put | bizsalırğa süebizwe would like to put | sizsalırğa süesizyou all would like to put | alasalırğa süedilethey would like to put |
| would like to | mensalırğa süymeymeI would not like to put | sensalırğa süymeyseyou would not like to put | olsalırğa süymeydihe would not like to put | bizsalırğa süymeybizwe would not like to put | sizsalırğa süymeysizyou all would not like to put | alasalırğa süymeydilethey would not like to put |
| hope to | mensalırğa umutlanamaI hope to put | sensalırğa umutlanasayou hope to put | olsalırğa umutlanadıhe hopes to put | bizsalırğa umutlanabızwe hope to put | sizsalırğa umutlanasızyou all hope to put | alasalırğa umutlanadılathey hope to put |
| hope to | mensalırğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to put | sensalırğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to put | olsalırğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to put | bizsalırğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to put | sizsalırğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to put | alasalırğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to put |
| be about to | mensalırğa deb turamaI am about to put | sensalırğa deb turasayou are about to put | olsalırğa deb turadıhe is about to put | bizsalırğa deb turabızwe are about to put | sizsalırğa deb turasızyou all are about to put | alasalırğa deb turadılathey are about to put |
| be about to | mensalırğa deb turmaymaI am not about to put | sensalırğa deb turmaysayou are not about to put | olsalırğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to put | bizsalırğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to put | sizsalırğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to put | alasalırğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to put |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | mensalırğa kerekmeI need to put | sensalırğa kerekseyou need to put | olsalırğa kerekdihe needs to put | bizsalırğa kerekbizwe need to put | sizsalırğa kereksizyou all need to put | alasalırğa kerekdilethey need to put |
| need to | mensalırğa kerek tülmeI do not need to put | sensalırğa kerek tülseyou do not need to put | olsalırğa kerek tüldühe does not need to put | bizsalırğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to put | sizsalırğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to put | alasalırğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to put |
| have to | menmenŋe salırğa tüşediI have to put | sensenŋe salırğa tüşediyou have to put | olaŋa salırğa tüşedihe has to put | bizbizge salırğa tüşediwe have to put | sizsizge salırğa tüşediyou all have to put | alaalağa salırğa tüşedithey have to put |
| have to | menmenŋe salırğa tüşmeydiI do not have to put | sensenŋe salırğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to put | olaŋa salırğa tüşmeydihe does not have to put | bizbizge salırğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to put | sizsizge salırğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to put | alaalağa salırğa tüşmeydithey do not have to put |
| be obliged to | mensalırğa borçlumaI am obliged to put | sensalırğa borçlusayou are obliged to put | olsalırğa borçluduhe is obliged to put | bizsalırğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to put | sizsalırğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to put | alasalırğa borçludulathey are obliged to put |
| be obliged to | mensalırğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to put | sensalırğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to put | olsalırğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to put | bizsalırğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to put | sizsalırğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to put | alasalırğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to put |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | mensalırğa madarım bardıI have a way to put | sensalırğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to put | olsalırğa madarı bardıhe has a way to put | bizsalırğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to put | sizsalırğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to put | alasalırğa madarları bardıthey have a way to put |
| have a way to | mensalırğa madarım joqduI have no way to put | sensalırğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to put | olsalırğa madarı joqduhe has no way to put | bizsalırğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to put | sizsalırğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to put | alasalırğa madarları joqduthey have no way to put |
| be free to | mensalırğa erkinligim bardıI am free to put | sensalırğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to put | olsalırğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to put | bizsalırğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to put | sizsalırğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to put | alasalırğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to put |
| be free to | mensalırğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to put | sensalırğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to put | olsalırğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to put | bizsalırğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to put | sizsalırğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to put | alasalırğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to put |
| be possible to | menmenŋe salırğa bolluqduit is possible for me to put | sensenŋe salırğa bolluqduit is possible for you to put | olaŋa salırğa bolluqduit is possible for him to put | bizbizge salırğa bolluqduit is possible for us to put | sizsizge salırğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to put | alaalağa salırğa bolluqduit is possible for them to put |
| be possible to | menmenŋe salırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to put | sensenŋe salırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to put | olaŋa salırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to put | bizbizge salırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to put | sizsizge salırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to put | alaalağa salırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to put |
| be ready to | mensalırğa hazırmaI am ready to put | sensalırğa hazırsayou are ready to put | olsalırğa hazırdıhe is ready to put | bizsalırğa hazırbızwe are ready to put | sizsalırğa hazırsızyou all are ready to put | alasalırğa hazırdılathey are ready to put |
| be ready to | mensalırğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to put | sensalırğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to put | olsalırğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to put | bizsalırğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to put | sizsalırğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to put | alasalırğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to put |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | mensalırğa küreşemeI am trying to put | sensalırğa küreşeseyou are trying to put | olsalırğa küreşedihe is trying to put | bizsalırğa küreşebizwe are trying to put | sizsalırğa küreşesizyou all are trying to put | alasalırğa küreşedilethey are trying to put |
| try to | mensalırğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to put | sensalırğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to put | olsalırğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to put | bizsalırğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to put | sizsalırğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to put | alasalırğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to put |
| agree to | mensalırğa unaymaI agree to put | sensalırğa unaysayou agree to put | olsalırğa unaydıhe agrees to put | bizsalırğa unaybızwe agree to put | sizsalırğa unaysızyou all agree to put | alasalırğa unaydılathey agree to put |
| agree to | mensalırğa unamaymaI refuse to put | sensalırğa unamaysayou refuse to put | olsalırğa unamaydıhe refuses to put | bizsalırğa unamaybızwe refuse to put | sizsalırğa unamaysızyou all refuse to put | alasalırğa unamaydılathey refuse to put |
| hurry to | mensalırğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to put | sensalırğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to put | olsalırğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to put | bizsalırğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to put | sizsalırğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to put | alasalırğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to put |
| hurry to | mensalırğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to put | sensalırğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to put | olsalırğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to put | bizsalırğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to put | sizsalırğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to put | alasalırğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to put |
| be afraid to | mensalırğa qorqamaI am afraid to put | sensalırğa qorqasayou are afraid to put | olsalırğa qorqadıhe is afraid to put | bizsalırğa qorqabızwe are afraid to put | sizsalırğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to put | alasalırğa qorqadılathey are afraid to put |
| be afraid to | mensalırğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to put | sensalırğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to put | olsalırğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to put | bizsalırğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to put | sizsalırğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to put | alasalırğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to put |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | mensala bolmazmaI can't be putting | sensala bolmazsayou can't be putting | olsala bolmazhe can't be putting | bizsala bolmazbızwe can't be putting | sizsala bolmazsızyou all can't be putting | alasala bolmazlathey can't be putting |
| Inference, present — double negation | mensalmay bolmazmaI must be putting (emphatic) | sensalmay bolmazsayou must be putting (emphatic) | olsalmay bolmazhe must be putting (emphatic) | bizsalmay bolmazbızwe must be putting (emphatic) | sizsalmay bolmazsızyou all must be putting (emphatic) | alasalmay bolmazlathey must be putting (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | mensala turmasamif I don't keep putting | sensala turmasaŋif you don't keep putting | olsala turmasaif he doesn't keep putting | bizsala turmasaqif we don't keep putting | sizsala turmasağızif you all don't keep putting | alasala turmasalaif they don't keep putting |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | mensala tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of putting | sensala tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of putting | olsala tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of putting | bizsala tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of putting | sizsala tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of putting | alasala tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of putting |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | mensalmay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not putting (emphatic) | sensalmay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not putting (emphatic) | olsalmay tura bolmazhe must keep on not putting (emphatic) | bizsalmay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not putting (emphatic) | sizsalmay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not putting (emphatic) | alasalmay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not putting (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | mensalmay turamaI keep on not putting | sensalmay turasayou keep on not putting | olsalmay turadıhe keeps on not putting | bizsalmay turabızwe keep on not putting | sizsalmay turasızyou all keep on not putting | alasalmay turadılathey keep on not putting |
| Progressive — double negation | mensalmay turmaymaI am not keeping on not putting | sensalmay turmaysayou are not keeping on not putting | olsalmay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not putting | bizsalmay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not putting | sizsalmay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not putting | alasalmay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not putting |
| Progressive — double negation | mensalmay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not putting? | sensalmay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not putting? | olsalmay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not putting? | bizsalmay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not putting? | sizsalmay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not putting? | alasalmay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not putting? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | mensalğan bolmazmaI can't have put | sensalğan bolmazsayou can't have put | olsalğan bolmazhe can't have put | bizsalğan bolmazbızwe can't have put | sizsalğan bolmazsızyou all can't have put | alasalğan bolmazlathey can't have put |
| Inference — double negation | mensalmağan bolmazmaI must have put (emphatic) | sensalmağan bolmazsayou must have put (emphatic) | olsalmağan bolmazhe must have put (emphatic) | bizsalmağan bolmazbızwe must have put (emphatic) | sizsalmağan bolmazsızyou all must have put (emphatic) | alasalmağan bolmazlathey must have put (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | mensalğan bolmasamif it weren't that I had put | sensalğan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had put | olsalğan bolmasaif it weren't that he had put | bizsalğan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had put | sizsalğan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had put | alasalğan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had put |
| Counterfactual — double negation | mensalmağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't put | sensalmağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't put | olsalmağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't put | bizsalmağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't put | sizsalmağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't put | alasalmağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't put |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | mensallıq bolmazmaI can't be going to put | sensallıq bolmazsayou can't be going to put | olsallıq bolmazhe can't be going to put | bizsallıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to put | sizsallıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to put | alasallıq bolmazlathey can't be going to put |
| Inference, future — double negation | mensalmazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to put (emphatic) | sensalmazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to put (emphatic) | olsalmazlıq bolmazhe must be going to put (emphatic) | bizsalmazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to put (emphatic) | sizsalmazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to put (emphatic) | alasalmazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to put (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | mensallıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to put | sensallıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to put | olsallıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to put | bizsallıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to put | sizsallıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to put | alasallıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to put |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | mensalmazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to put | sensalmazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to put | olsalmazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to put | bizsalmazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to put | sizsalmazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to put | alasalmazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to put |