töşerge
/tøʃerɡe/
1. spread, lay (straw, a rug or bedding)
- salam töşerge — to spread straw
- tögeregine salam töşerge — to lay straw all around it
- jerge kiyiz töşedi — she spread a felt rug on the floor
2. pave (a road or street)
- oramğa taş töşerge — to pave the street with stone
- jolğa taş töşerge — to pave the road with stone
- jolnu suw taşla bla töşe — pave the road with river stones
- işçile oramğa taş töşeydile — the workers are paving the street with stone
3. beat, thrash
- tayaqnı töşerge — to beat with a stick
- ala anı töşedile — they beat him up
- aq alaşağa qamçini töşedi — he lashed the white horse with the whip
- atha qamçini töşedi — he lashed the horse with the whip
4. fall thickly (of snow)
- qar töşeydi — snow is falling thickly
- keçe bla qar töşedi — snow fell thickly in the night
- tawda qar töşeydi — snow is falling thickly in the mountains
5. throw down, floor (an opponent) — Said for example of a wrestler: bu göjeb köbleni töşegendi, "this wrestler has thrown many".
- bu göjeb köbleni töşegendi — this wrestler has thrown many
6. eat greedily, gorge
- etni töşedi — he gorged on the meat
- qozu etni aşhı töşedi — he really gorged on the lamb meat
- ol hıçınlanı töşedi — he gorged on the pies
- jaşla aşnı töşedile — the boys wolfed the food
Conjugation
Common forms
- töşeydihe is spreading
- töşedihe spread
- töşegendihe has spread
- töşerhe will spread
- töşerikdihe is going to spread
- töşey edihe was spreading
- töşeseif he spreads
- töşe!spread!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentöşeymeI am spreading | sentöşeyseyou are spreading | oltöşeydihe is spreading | biztöşeybizwe are spreading | siztöşeysizyou all are spreading | alatöşeydilethey are spreading |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentöşemeymeI am not spreading | sentöşemeyseyou are not spreading | oltöşemeydihe is not spreading | biztöşemeybizwe are not spreading | siztöşemeysizyou all are not spreading | alatöşemeydilethey are not spreading |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentöşeymemi? töşeymime?am I spreading? | sentöşeymise?are you spreading? | oltöşeymidi?is he spreading? | biztöşeybizmi? töşeymibiz?are we spreading? | siztöşeymisiz?are you all spreading? | alatöşeymidile?are they spreading? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentöşemeymemi? töşemeymime?aren't I spreading? | sentöşemeymise?aren't you spreading? | oltöşemeymidi?isn't he spreading? | biztöşemeybizmi? töşemeymibiz?aren't we spreading? | siztöşemeymisiz?aren't you all spreading? | alatöşemeymidile?aren't they spreading? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentöşewçenmeI usually spread | sentöşewçenseyou usually spread | oltöşewçendihe usually spreads | biztöşewçenbizwe usually spread | siztöşewçensizyou all usually spread | alatöşewçendilethey usually spread |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentöşemewçenmeI usually don't spread | sentöşemewçenseyou usually don't spread | oltöşemewçendihe usually doesn't spread | biztöşemewçenbizwe usually don't spread | siztöşemewçensizyou all usually don't spread | alatöşemewçendilethey usually don't spread |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentöşewçenmemi? töşewçenmime?do I usually spread? | sentöşewçenmise?do you usually spread? | oltöşewçenmidi?does he usually spread? | biztöşewçenbizmi? töşewçenmibiz?do we usually spread? | siztöşewçenmisiz?do you all usually spread? | alatöşewçenmidile?do they usually spread? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentöşemewçenmemi? töşemewçenmime?do I usually not spread? | sentöşemewçenmise?do you usually not spread? | oltöşemewçenmidi?does he usually not spread? | biztöşemewçenbizmi? töşemewçenmibiz?do we usually not spread? | siztöşemewçenmisiz?do you all usually not spread? | alatöşemewçenmidile?do they usually not spread? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oltöşebdihe has spread and remains so | alatöşebdilethey have spread and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oltöşebmidi?has he spread? | alatöşebmidile?have they spread? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentöşeb turamaI keep spreading | sentöşeb turasayou keep spreading | oltöşeb turadıhe keeps spreading | biztöşeb turabızwe keep spreading | siztöşeb turasızyou all keep spreading | alatöşeb turadılathey keep spreading |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentöşeb turmaymaI don't keep spreading | sentöşeb turmaysayou don't keep spreading | oltöşeb turmaydıhe doesn't keep spreading | biztöşeb turmaybızwe don't keep spreading | siztöşeb turmaysızyou all don't keep spreading | alatöşeb turmaydılathey don't keep spreading |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentöşeb turamamı? töşeb turamıma?do I keep spreading? | sentöşeb turamısa?do you keep spreading? | oltöşeb turamıdı?does he keep spreading? | biztöşeb turabızmı? töşeb turamıbız?do we keep spreading? | siztöşeb turamısız?do you all keep spreading? | alatöşeb turamıdıla?do they keep spreading? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentöşeb turmaymamı? töşeb turmaymıma?don't I keep spreading? | sentöşeb turmaymısa?don't you keep spreading? | oltöşeb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep spreading? | biztöşeb turmaybızmı? töşeb turmaymıbız?don't we keep spreading? | siztöşeb turmaymısız?don't you all keep spreading? | alatöşeb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep spreading? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentöşey turamaI am in the middle of spreading | sentöşey turasayou are in the middle of spreading | oltöşey turadıhe is in the middle of spreading | biztöşey turabızwe are in the middle of spreading | siztöşey turasızyou all are in the middle of spreading | alatöşey turadılathey are in the middle of spreading |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentöşey turmaymaI am not in the middle of spreading | sentöşey turmaysayou are not in the middle of spreading | oltöşey turmaydıhe is not in the middle of spreading | biztöşey turmaybızwe are not in the middle of spreading | siztöşey turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of spreading | alatöşey turmaydılathey are not in the middle of spreading |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentöşey turamamı? töşey turamıma?am I in the middle of spreading? | sentöşey turamısa?are you in the middle of spreading? | oltöşey turamıdı?is he in the middle of spreading? | biztöşey turabızmı? töşey turamıbız?are we in the middle of spreading? | siztöşey turamısız?are you all in the middle of spreading? | alatöşey turamıdıla?are they in the middle of spreading? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentöşey turmaymamı? töşey turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of spreading? | sentöşey turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of spreading? | oltöşey turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of spreading? | biztöşey turmaybızmı? töşey turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of spreading? | siztöşey turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of spreading? | alatöşey turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of spreading? |
| Simple past (definite) | mentöşedimI spread | sentöşediŋyou spread | oltöşedihe spread | biztöşedikwe spread | siztöşedigizyou all spread | alatöşedilethey spread |
| Simple past (definite) | mentöşemedimI didn't spread | sentöşemediŋyou didn't spread | oltöşemedihe didn't spread | biztöşemedikwe didn't spread | siztöşemedigizyou all didn't spread | alatöşemedilethey didn't spread |
| Simple past (definite) | mentöşedimmi?did I spread? | sentöşediŋmi?did you spread? | oltöşedimi?did he spread? | biztöşedikmi?did we spread? | siztöşedigizmi?did you all spread? | alatöşedilemi?did they spread? |
| Simple past (definite) | mentöşemedimmi?didn't I spread? | sentöşemediŋmi?didn't you spread? | oltöşemedimi?didn't he spread? | biztöşemedikmi?didn't we spread? | siztöşemedigizmi?didn't you all spread? | alatöşemedilemi?didn't they spread? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentöşegenmeI have spread | sentöşegenseyou have spread | oltöşegendihe has spread | biztöşegenbizwe have spread | siztöşegensizyou all have spread | alatöşegendilethey have spread |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentöşemegenmeI haven't spread | sentöşemegenseyou haven't spread | oltöşemegendihe hasn't spread | biztöşemegenbizwe haven't spread | siztöşemegensizyou all haven't spread | alatöşemegendilethey haven't spread |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentöşegenmemi? töşegenmime?have I spread? | sentöşegenmise?have you spread? | oltöşegenmidi?has he spread? | biztöşegenbizmi? töşegenmibiz?have we spread? | siztöşegenmisiz?have you all spread? | alatöşegenmidile?have they spread? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentöşemegenmemi? töşemegenmime?haven't I spread? | sentöşemegenmise?haven't you spread? | oltöşemegenmidi?hasn't he spread? | biztöşemegenbizmi? töşemegenmibiz?haven't we spread? | siztöşemegenmisiz?haven't you all spread? | alatöşemegenmidile?haven't they spread? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mentöşeb turdumI kept spreading | sentöşeb turduŋyou kept spreading | oltöşeb turduhe kept spreading | biztöşeb turduqwe kept spreading | siztöşeb turduğuzyou all kept spreading | alatöşeb turdulathey kept spreading |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mentöşeb turmadımI didn't keep spreading | sentöşeb turmadıŋyou didn't keep spreading | oltöşeb turmadıhe didn't keep spreading | biztöşeb turmadıqwe didn't keep spreading | siztöşeb turmadığızyou all didn't keep spreading | alatöşeb turmadılathey didn't keep spreading |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentöşermeI will spread | sentöşerseyou will spread | oltöşerhe will spread | biztöşerbizwe will spread | siztöşersizyou all will spread | alatöşerlethey will spread |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentöşemezmeI won't spread | sentöşemezseyou won't spread | oltöşemezhe won't spread | biztöşemezbizwe won't spread | siztöşemezsizyou all won't spread | alatöşemezlethey won't spread |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentöşermemi? töşermime?will I spread? | sentöşermise?will you spread? | oltöşermi?will he spread? | biztöşerbizmi? töşermibiz?will we spread? | siztöşermisiz?will you all spread? | alatöşerlemi? töşermile?will they spread? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentöşemezmemi? töşemezmime?won't I spread? | sentöşemezmise?won't you spread? | oltöşemezmi?won't he spread? | biztöşemezbizmi? töşemezmibiz?won't we spread? | siztöşemezmisiz?won't you all spread? | alatöşemezlemi? töşemezmile?won't they spread? |
| Definite future (future II) | mentöşerikmeI am going to spread | sentöşerikseyou are going to spread | oltöşerikdihe is going to spread | biztöşerikbizwe are going to spread | siztöşeriksizyou all are going to spread | alatöşerikdilethey are going to spread |
| Definite future (future II) | mentöşerik tülmeI am not going to spread | sentöşerik tülseyou are not going to spread | oltöşerik tüldühe is not going to spread | biztöşerik tülbüzwe are not going to spread | siztöşerik tülsüzyou all are not going to spread | alatöşerik tüldülethey are not going to spread |
| Definite future (future II) | mentöşerikmemi? töşerikmime?am I going to spread? | sentöşerikmise?are you going to spread? | oltöşerikmidi?is he going to spread? | biztöşerikbizmi? töşerikmibiz?are we going to spread? | siztöşerikmisiz?are you all going to spread? | alatöşerikmidile?are they going to spread? |
| Definite future (future II) | mentöşerik tülmüme?aren't I going to spread? | sentöşerik tülmüse?aren't you going to spread? | oltöşerik tülmüdü?isn't he going to spread? | biztöşerik tülmübüz?aren't we going to spread? | siztöşerik tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to spread? | alatöşerik tülmüdüle?aren't they going to spread? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mentöşegen edimtöşegenemI had spread | sentöşegen ediŋtöşegeneŋyou had spread | oltöşegen editöşegenedhe had spread | biztöşegen ediktöşegenekwe had spread | siztöşegen edigiztöşegenegizyou all had spread | alatöşegen ediletöşegenellethey had spread |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mentöşemegen edimtöşemegenemI hadn't spread | sentöşemegen ediŋtöşemegeneŋyou hadn't spread | oltöşemegen editöşemegenedhe hadn't spread | biztöşemegen ediktöşemegenekwe hadn't spread | siztöşemegen edigiztöşemegenegizyou all hadn't spread | alatöşemegen ediletöşemegenellethey hadn't spread |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mentöşey edimtöşeyemI was spreading | sentöşey ediŋtöşeyeŋyou were spreading | oltöşey editöşeyedhe was spreading | biztöşey ediktöşeyekwe were spreading | siztöşey edigiztöşeyegizyou all were spreading | alatöşey ediletöşeyellethey were spreading |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mentöşemey edimtöşemeyemI wasn't spreading | sentöşemey ediŋtöşemeyeŋyou weren't spreading | oltöşemey editöşemeyedhe wasn't spreading | biztöşemey ediktöşemeyekwe weren't spreading | siztöşemey edigiztöşemeyegizyou all weren't spreading | alatöşemey ediletöşemeyellethey weren't spreading |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | mentöşewçen edimtöşewçenemI used to spread | sentöşewçen ediŋtöşewçeneŋyou used to spread | oltöşewçen editöşewçenedhe used to spread | biztöşewçen ediktöşewçenekwe used to spread | siztöşewçen edigiztöşewçenegizyou all used to spread | alatöşewçen ediletöşewçenellethey used to spread |
| Habitual past (used to) | mentöşemewçen edimtöşemewçenemI didn't use to spread | sentöşemewçen ediŋtöşemewçeneŋyou didn't use to spread | oltöşemewçen editöşemewçenedhe didn't use to spread | biztöşemewçen ediktöşemewçenekwe didn't use to spread | siztöşemewçen edigiztöşemewçenegizyou all didn't use to spread | alatöşemewçen ediletöşemewçenellethey didn't use to spread |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oltöşeb edihe had spread and remained so | alatöşeb edilethey had spread and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oltöşeb tül edihe hadn't spread | alatöşeb tül edilethey hadn't spread | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mentöşeb tura edimtöşeb turaemI had kept spreading | sentöşeb tura ediŋtöşeb turaeŋyou had kept spreading | oltöşeb tura editöşeb turaedhe had kept spreading | biztöşeb tura ediktöşeb turaekwe had kept spreading | siztöşeb tura edigiztöşeb turaegizyou all had kept spreading | alatöşeb tura ediletöşeb turaellethey had kept spreading |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mentöşeb turmay edimtöşeb turmayemI hadn't kept spreading | sentöşeb turmay ediŋtöşeb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept spreading | oltöşeb turmay editöşeb turmayedhe hadn't kept spreading | biztöşeb turmay ediktöşeb turmayekwe hadn't kept spreading | siztöşeb turmay edigiztöşeb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept spreading | alatöşeb turmay ediletöşeb turmayellethey hadn't kept spreading |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mentöşey tura edimtöşey turaemI was in the middle of spreading | sentöşey tura ediŋtöşey turaeŋyou were in the middle of spreading | oltöşey tura editöşey turaedhe was in the middle of spreading | biztöşey tura ediktöşey turaekwe were in the middle of spreading | siztöşey tura edigiztöşey turaegizyou all were in the middle of spreading | alatöşey tura ediletöşey turaellethey were in the middle of spreading |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mentöşey turmay edimtöşey turmayemI wasn't in the middle of spreading | sentöşey turmay ediŋtöşey turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of spreading | oltöşey turmay editöşey turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of spreading | biztöşey turmay ediktöşey turmayekwe weren't in the middle of spreading | siztöşey turmay edigiztöşey turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of spreading | alatöşey turmay ediletöşey turmayellethey weren't in the middle of spreading |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | mentöşer edimtöşer emI would spread | sentöşer ediŋtöşer eŋyou would spread | oltöşer editöşer edhe would spread | biztöşer ediktöşer ekwe would spread | siztöşer edigiztöşer egizyou all would spread | alatöşer ediletöşer ellethey would spread |
| Conditional result (would) | mentöşemez edimtöşemez emI wouldn't spread | sentöşemez ediŋtöşemez eŋyou wouldn't spread | oltöşemez editöşemez edhe wouldn't spread | biztöşemez ediktöşemez ekwe wouldn't spread | siztöşemez edigiztöşemez egizyou all wouldn't spread | alatöşemez ediletöşemez ellethey wouldn't spread |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | mentöşerik edimtöşerik emI would have spread | sentöşerik ediŋtöşerik eŋyou would have spread | oltöşerik editöşerik edhe would have spread | biztöşerik ediktöşerik ekwe would have spread | siztöşerik edigiztöşerik egizyou all would have spread | alatöşerik ediletöşerik ellethey would have spread |
| Past conditional result (would have) | mentöşerik tül edimtöşerik tül emI wouldn't have spread | sentöşerik tül ediŋtöşerik tül eŋyou wouldn't have spread | oltöşerik tül editöşerik tül edhe wouldn't have spread | biztöşerik tül ediktöşerik tül ekwe wouldn't have spread | siztöşerik tül edigiztöşerik tül egizyou all wouldn't have spread | alatöşerik tül ediletöşerik tül ellethey wouldn't have spread |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | mentöşesemif I spread | sentöşeseŋif you spread | oltöşeseif he spreads | biztöşesekif we spread | siztöşesegizif you all spread | alatöşeseleif they spread |
| Conditional | mentöşemesemif I don't spread | sentöşemeseŋif you don't spread | oltöşemeseif he doesn't spread | biztöşemesekif we don't spread | siztöşemesegizif you all don't spread | alatöşemeseleif they don't spread |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | mentöşey esemif I am spreading | sentöşey eseŋif you are spreading | oltöşey eseif he is spreading | biztöşey esekif we are spreading | siztöşey esegizif you all are spreading | alatöşey eseleif they are spreading |
| Conditional, present real | mentöşemey esemif I am not spreading | sentöşemey eseŋif you are not spreading | oltöşemey eseif he is not spreading | biztöşemey esekif we are not spreading | siztöşemey esegizif you all are not spreading | alatöşemey eseleif they are not spreading |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mentöşesem editöşesem edif only I spread | sentöşeseŋ editöşeseŋ edif only you spread | oltöşese editöşesedif only he spread | biztöşesek editöşesek edif only we spread | siztöşesegiz editöşesegiz edif only you all spread | alatöşesele editöşeseledif only they spread |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mentöşemesem editöşemesem edif only I didn't spread | sentöşemeseŋ editöşemeseŋ edif only you didn't spread | oltöşemese editöşemesedif only he didn't spread | biztöşemesek editöşemesek edif only we didn't spread | siztöşemesegiz editöşemesegiz edif only you all didn't spread | alatöşemesele editöşemeseledif only they didn't spread |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | mentöşeb tursamif I carry on spreading | sentöşeb tursaŋif you carry on spreading | oltöşeb tursaif he carries on spreading | biztöşeb tursaqif we carry on spreading | siztöşeb tursağızif you all carry on spreading | alatöşeb tursalaif they carry on spreading |
| Durative conditional | mentöşeb turmasamif I don't carry on spreading | sentöşeb turmasaŋif you don't carry on spreading | oltöşeb turmasaif he doesn't carry on spreading | biztöşeb turmasaqif we don't carry on spreading | siztöşeb turmasağızif you all don't carry on spreading | alatöşeb turmasalaif they don't carry on spreading |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | mentöşeb tura esemif I have kept spreading | sentöşeb tura eseŋif you have kept spreading | oltöşeb tura eseif he has kept spreading | biztöşeb tura esekif we have kept spreading | siztöşeb tura esegizif you all have kept spreading | alatöşeb tura eseleif they have kept spreading |
| Durative conditional, present real | mentöşeb turmay esemif I haven't kept spreading | sentöşeb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept spreading | oltöşeb turmay eseif he hasn't kept spreading | biztöşeb turmay esekif we haven't kept spreading | siztöşeb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept spreading | alatöşeb turmay eseleif they haven't kept spreading |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | mentöşey tursamif I keep spreading | sentöşey tursaŋif you keep spreading | oltöşey tursaif he keeps spreading | biztöşey tursaqif we keep spreading | siztöşey tursağızif you all keep spreading | alatöşey tursalaif they keep spreading |
| Progressive conditional | mentöşemey tursamif I keep on not spreading | sentöşemey tursaŋif you keep on not spreading | oltöşemey tursaif he keeps on not spreading | biztöşemey tursaqif we keep on not spreading | siztöşemey tursağızif you all keep on not spreading | alatöşemey tursalaif they keep on not spreading |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | mentöşey tura esemif I am in the middle of spreading | sentöşey tura eseŋif you are in the middle of spreading | oltöşey tura eseif he is in the middle of spreading | biztöşey tura esekif we are in the middle of spreading | siztöşey tura esegizif you all are in the middle of spreading | alatöşey tura eseleif they are in the middle of spreading |
| Progressive conditional, present real | mentöşemey tura esemif I keep on not spreading | sentöşemey tura eseŋif you keep on not spreading | oltöşemey tura eseif he keeps on not spreading | biztöşemey tura esekif we keep on not spreading | siztöşemey tura esegizif you all keep on not spreading | alatöşemey tura eseleif they keep on not spreading |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | mentöşedim esemif I spread | sentöşediŋ eseŋif you spread | oltöşedi eseif he spread | biztöşedik esekif we spread | siztöşedigiz esegizif you all spread | alatöşedile eseleif they spread |
| Conditional, definite past1 | mentöşemedim esemif I didn't spread | sentöşemediŋ eseŋif you didn't spread | oltöşemedi eseif he didn't spread | biztöşemedik esekif we didn't spread | siztöşemedigiz esegizif you all didn't spread | alatöşemedile eseleif they didn't spread |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | mentöşegen esemif I did spread (indeed) | sentöşegen eseŋif you did spread (indeed) | oltöşegen eseif he did spread (indeed) | biztöşegen esekif we did spread (indeed) | siztöşegen esegizif you all did spread (indeed) | alatöşegen eseleif they did spread (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | mentöşemegen esemif I didn't spread (indeed) | sentöşemegen eseŋif you didn't spread (indeed) | oltöşemegen eseif he didn't spread (indeed) | biztöşemegen esekif we didn't spread (indeed) | siztöşemegen esegizif you all didn't spread (indeed) | alatöşemegen eseleif they didn't spread (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | mentöşegen bolsamif I had spread | sentöşegen bolsaŋif you had spread | oltöşegen bolsaif he had spread | biztöşegen bolsaqif we had spread | siztöşegen bolsağızif you all had spread | alatöşegen bolsalaif they had spread |
| Conditional, counterfactual | mentöşemegen bolsamif I hadn't spread | sentöşemegen bolsaŋif you hadn't spread | oltöşemegen bolsaif he hadn't spread | biztöşemegen bolsaqif we hadn't spread | siztöşemegen bolsağızif you all hadn't spread | alatöşemegen bolsalaif they hadn't spread |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mentöşegen bolsam editöşegen bolsam edif only I had spread | sentöşegen bolsaŋ editöşegen bolsaŋ edif only you had spread | oltöşegen bolsa editöşegen bolsaedif only he had spread | biztöşegen bolsaq editöşegen bolsaq edif only we had spread | siztöşegen bolsağız editöşegen bolsağız edif only you all had spread | alatöşegen bolsala editöşegen bolsalaedif only they had spread |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mentöşemegen bolsam editöşemegen bolsam edif only I hadn't spread | sentöşemegen bolsaŋ editöşemegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't spread | oltöşemegen bolsa editöşemegen bolsaedif only he hadn't spread | biztöşemegen bolsaq editöşemegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't spread | siztöşemegen bolsağız editöşemegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't spread | alatöşemegen bolsala editöşemegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't spread |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | mentöşer esemif I will spread | sentöşer eseŋif you will spread | oltöşer eseif he will spread | biztöşer esekif we will spread | siztöşer esegizif you all will spread | alatöşer eseleif they will spread |
| Conditional, aorist | mentöşemez esemif I won't spread | sentöşemez eseŋif you won't spread | oltöşemez eseif he won't spread | biztöşemez esekif we won't spread | siztöşemez esegizif you all won't spread | alatöşemez eseleif they won't spread |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | mentöşerik esemif I am going to spread | sentöşerik eseŋif you are going to spread | oltöşerik eseif he is going to spread | biztöşerik esekif we are going to spread | siztöşerik esegizif you all are going to spread | alatöşerik eseleif they are going to spread |
| Conditional, future | mentöşerik tül esemif I am not going to spread | sentöşerik tül eseŋif you are not going to spread | oltöşerik tül eseif he is not going to spread | biztöşerik tül esekif we are not going to spread | siztöşerik tül esegizif you all are not going to spread | alatöşerik tül eseleif they are not going to spread |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mentöşerik bolsamif I were going to spread | sentöşerik bolsaŋif you were going to spread | oltöşerik bolsaif he were going to spread | biztöşerik bolsaqif we were going to spread | siztöşerik bolsağızif you all were going to spread | alatöşerik bolsalaif they were going to spread |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mentöşemezlik bolsamif I were not going to spread | sentöşemezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to spread | oltöşemezlik bolsaif he were not going to spread | biztöşemezlik bolsaqif we were not going to spread | siztöşemezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to spread | alatöşemezlik bolsalaif they were not going to spread |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso töşediŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mentöşey bolurmaI must be spreading | sentöşey bolursayou must be spreading | oltöşey bolurhe must be spreading | biztöşey bolurbuzwe must be spreading | siztöşey bolursuzyou all must be spreading | alatöşey bolurlathey must be spreading |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mentöşemey bolurmaI must not be spreading | sentöşemey bolursayou must not be spreading | oltöşemey bolurhe must not be spreading | biztöşemey bolurbuzwe must not be spreading | siztöşemey bolursuzyou all must not be spreading | alatöşemey bolurlathey must not be spreading |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mentöşey tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of spreading | sentöşey tura bolursayou must be in the middle of spreading | oltöşey tura bolurhe must be in the middle of spreading | biztöşey tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of spreading | siztöşey tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of spreading | alatöşey tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of spreading |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mentöşemey tura bolurmaI must keep on not spreading | sentöşemey tura bolursayou must keep on not spreading | oltöşemey tura bolurhe must keep on not spreading | biztöşemey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not spreading | siztöşemey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not spreading | alatöşemey tura bolurlathey must keep on not spreading |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | mentöşegen bolurmaI must have spread | sentöşegen bolursayou must have spread | oltöşegen bolurhe must have spread | biztöşegen bolurbuzwe must have spread | siztöşegen bolursuzyou all must have spread | alatöşegen bolurlathey must have spread |
| Inference (must have) | mentöşemegen bolurmaI must not have spread | sentöşemegen bolursayou must not have spread | oltöşemegen bolurhe must not have spread | biztöşemegen bolurbuzwe must not have spread | siztöşemegen bolursuzyou all must not have spread | alatöşemegen bolurlathey must not have spread |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mentöşerik bolurmaI must be going to spread | sentöşerik bolursayou must be going to spread | oltöşerik bolurhe must be going to spread | biztöşerik bolurbuzwe must be going to spread | siztöşerik bolursuzyou all must be going to spread | alatöşerik bolurlathey must be going to spread |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mentöşemezlik bolurmaI must not be going to spread | sentöşemezlik bolursayou must not be going to spread | oltöşemezlik bolurhe must not be going to spread | biztöşemezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to spread | siztöşemezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to spread | alatöşemezlik bolurlathey must not be going to spread |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | mentöşeyimlet me spread | sentöşe!spread! | oltöşesinlet him spread | biztöşeyiklet's spread | siztöşegiz!spread, you all! | alatöşesinlelet them spread |
| Commands & suggestions | mentöşemeyimlet me not spread | sentöşeme!don't spread! | oltöşemesinlet him not spread | biztöşemeyiklet's not spread | siztöşemegiz!don't spread, you all! | alatöşemesinlelet them not spread |
| Commands & suggestions | mentöşeyimmi?shall I spread? | oltöşesinmi?should he spread? | biztöşeyikmi?shall we spread? | alatöşesinlemi?should they spread? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | mentöşemeyimmi?shall I not spread? | oltöşemesinmi?should he not spread? | biztöşemeyikmi?shall we not spread? | alatöşemesinlemi?should they not spread? | ||
| Requests | sentöşeçi2töşeçinplease spread | oltöşesinçido let him spread | siztöşeçigizplease spread (plural/polite) | alatöşesinleçido let them spread | ||
| Requests | sentöşemeçi2töşemeçinplease don't spread | oltöşemesinçido let him not spread | siztöşemeçigizplease don't spread (plural/polite) | alatöşemesinleçido let them not spread | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sentöşegintöşegimay you spread | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sentöşemegintöşemegimay you not spread | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mentöşegey edim töşege edimwould that I spread | sentöşegey ediŋ töşege ediŋwould that you spread | oltöşegey edi töşege ediwould that he spread | biztöşegey edik töşege edikwould that we spread | siztöşegey edigiz töşege edigizwould that you all spread | alatöşegey edile töşege edilewould that they spread |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mentöşemegey edim töşemege edimwould that I did not spread | sentöşemegey ediŋ töşemege ediŋwould that you did not spread | oltöşemegey edi töşemege ediwould that he did not spread | biztöşemegey edik töşemege edikwould that we did not spread | siztöşemegey edigiz töşemege edigizwould that you all did not spread | alatöşemegey edile töşemege edilewould that they did not spread |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | mentöşemege qoyayımtöşeme qoyayımlet me allow someone to spread | sentöşemege qoy!töşeme qoy!let someone spread! | oltöşemege qoysuntöşeme qoysunlet him allow someone to spread | biztöşemege qoyayıqtöşeme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to spread | siztöşemege qoyuğuz!töşeme qoyuğuz!let someone spread, you all! | alatöşemege qoysunlatöşeme qoysunlalet them allow someone to spread |
| Let someone… (commands) | mentöşemege qoymayımtöşeme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to spread | sentöşemege qoyma!töşeme qoyma!don't let someone spread! | oltöşemege qoymasıntöşeme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to spread | biztöşemege qoymayıqtöşeme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to spread | siztöşemege qoymağız!töşeme qoymağız!don't let someone spread, you all! | alatöşemege qoymasınlatöşeme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to spread |
| Let someone… (commands) | mentöşemege qoyayımmı?töşeme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to spread? | oltöşemege qoysunmu?töşeme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to spread? | biztöşemege qoyayıqmı?töşeme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to spread? | alatöşemege qoysunlamı?töşeme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to spread? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | mentöşemege qoymayımmı?töşeme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to spread? | oltöşemege qoymasınmı?töşeme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to spread? | biztöşemege qoymayıqmı?töşeme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to spread? | alatöşemege qoymasınlamı?töşeme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to spread? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | mentöşemege qoyamatöşeme qoyamaI allow someone to spread | sentöşemege qoyasatöşeme qoyasayou allow someone to spread | oltöşemege qoyadıtöşeme qoyadıhe allows someone to spread | biztöşemege qoyabıztöşeme qoyabızwe allow someone to spread | siztöşemege qoyasıztöşeme qoyasızyou all allow someone to spread | alatöşemege qoyadılatöşeme qoyadılathey allow someone to spread |
| Let someone… (present) | mentöşemege qoymaymatöşeme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to spread | sentöşemege qoymaysatöşeme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to spread | oltöşemege qoymaydıtöşeme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to spread | biztöşemege qoymaybıztöşeme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to spread | siztöşemege qoymaysıztöşeme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to spread | alatöşemege qoymaydılatöşeme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to spread |
| Let someone… (present) | mentöşemege qoyamamı?töşeme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to spread? | sentöşemege qoyamısa?töşeme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to spread? | oltöşemege qoyamıdı?töşeme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to spread? | biztöşemege qoyabızmı?töşeme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to spread? | siztöşemege qoyamısız?töşeme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to spread? | alatöşemege qoyamıdıla?töşeme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to spread? |
| Let someone… (present) | mentöşemege qoymaymamı?töşeme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to spread? | sentöşemege qoymaymısa?töşeme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to spread? | oltöşemege qoymaymıdı?töşeme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to spread? | biztöşemege qoymaybızmı?töşeme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to spread? | siztöşemege qoymaymısız?töşeme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to spread? | alatöşemege qoymaymıdıla?töşeme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to spread? |
| Let someone… (past) | mentöşemege qoydumtöşeme qoydumI allowed someone to spread | sentöşemege qoyduŋtöşeme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to spread | oltöşemege qoydutöşeme qoyduhe allowed someone to spread | biztöşemege qoyduqtöşeme qoyduqwe allowed someone to spread | siztöşemege qoyduğuztöşeme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to spread | alatöşemege qoydulatöşeme qoydulathey allowed someone to spread |
| Let someone… (past) | mentöşemege qoymadımtöşeme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to spread | sentöşemege qoymadıŋtöşeme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to spread | oltöşemege qoymadıtöşeme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to spread | biztöşemege qoymadıqtöşeme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to spread | siztöşemege qoymadığıztöşeme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to spread | alatöşemege qoymadılatöşeme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to spread |
| Let someone… (past) | mentöşemege qoydummu?töşeme qoydummu?did I allow someone to spread? | sentöşemege qoyduŋmu?töşeme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to spread? | oltöşemege qoydumu?töşeme qoydumu?did he allow someone to spread? | biztöşemege qoyduqmu?töşeme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to spread? | siztöşemege qoyduğuzmu?töşeme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to spread? | alatöşemege qoydulamı?töşeme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to spread? |
| Let someone… (past) | mentöşemege qoymadımmı?töşeme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to spread? | sentöşemege qoymadıŋmı?töşeme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to spread? | oltöşemege qoymadımı?töşeme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to spread? | biztöşemege qoymadıqmı?töşeme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to spread? | siztöşemege qoymadığızmı?töşeme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to spread? | alatöşemege qoymadılamı?töşeme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to spread? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | mentöşeyalamaI can spread | sentöşeyalasayou can spread | oltöşeyaladıhe can spread | biztöşeyalabızwe can spread | siztöşeyalasızyou all can spread | alatöşeyaladılathey can spread |
| Ability — present | mentöşeyalmaymaI can't spread | sentöşeyalmaysayou can't spread | oltöşeyalmaydıhe can't spread | biztöşeyalmaybızwe can't spread | siztöşeyalmaysızyou all can't spread | alatöşeyalmaydılathey can't spread |
| Ability — present | mentöşeyalamamı? töşeyalamıma?can I spread? | sentöşeyalamısa?can you spread? | oltöşeyalamıdı?can he spread? | biztöşeyalabızmı? töşeyalamıbız?can we spread? | siztöşeyalamısız?can you all spread? | alatöşeyalamıdıla?can they spread? |
| Ability — present | mentöşeyalmaymamı? töşeyalmaymıma?can't I spread? | sentöşeyalmaymısa?can't you spread? | oltöşeyalmaymıdı?can't he spread? | biztöşeyalmaybızmı? töşeyalmaymıbız?can't we spread? | siztöşeyalmaymısız?can't you all spread? | alatöşeyalmaymıdıla?can't they spread? |
| Ability — if I can… | mentöşeyalsamif I can spread | sentöşeyalsaŋif you can spread | oltöşeyalsaif he can spread | biztöşeyalsaqif we can spread | siztöşeyalsağızif you all can spread | alatöşeyalsalaif they can spread |
| Ability — if I can… | mentöşeyalmasamif I can't spread | sentöşeyalmasaŋif you can't spread | oltöşeyalmasaif he can't spread | biztöşeyalmasaqif we can't spread | siztöşeyalmasağızif you all can't spread | alatöşeyalmasalaif they can't spread |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | mentöşeyaldımI was able to spread | sentöşeyaldıŋyou were able to spread | oltöşeyaldıhe was able to spread | biztöşeyaldıqwe were able to spread | siztöşeyaldığızyou all were able to spread | alatöşeyaldılathey were able to spread |
| Ability — simple past | mentöşeyalmadımI could not spread | sentöşeyalmadıŋyou could not spread | oltöşeyalmadıhe could not spread | biztöşeyalmadıqwe could not spread | siztöşeyalmadığızyou all could not spread | alatöşeyalmadılathey could not spread |
| Ability — simple past | mentöşeyaldımmı?was I able to spread? | sentöşeyaldıŋmı?were you able to spread? | oltöşeyaldımı?was he able to spread? | biztöşeyaldıqmı?were we able to spread? | siztöşeyaldığızmı?were you all able to spread? | alatöşeyaldılamı?were they able to spread? |
| Ability — simple past | mentöşeyalmadımmı?couldn't I spread? | sentöşeyalmadıŋmı?couldn't you spread? | oltöşeyalmadımı?couldn't he spread? | biztöşeyalmadıqmı?couldn't we spread? | siztöşeyalmadığızmı?couldn't you all spread? | alatöşeyalmadılamı?couldn't they spread? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentöşeyalğanmaI have been able to spread | sentöşeyalğansayou have been able to spread | oltöşeyalğandıhe has been able to spread | biztöşeyalğanbızwe have been able to spread | siztöşeyalğansızyou all have been able to spread | alatöşeyalğandılathey have been able to spread |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentöşeyalmağanmaI haven't been able to spread | sentöşeyalmağansayou haven't been able to spread | oltöşeyalmağandıhe hasn't been able to spread | biztöşeyalmağanbızwe haven't been able to spread | siztöşeyalmağansızyou all haven't been able to spread | alatöşeyalmağandılathey haven't been able to spread |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentöşeyalğanmamı? töşeyalğanmıma?have I been able to spread? | sentöşeyalğanmısa?have you been able to spread? | oltöşeyalğanmıdı?has he been able to spread? | biztöşeyalğanbızmı? töşeyalğanmıbız?have we been able to spread? | siztöşeyalğanmısız?have you all been able to spread? | alatöşeyalğanmıdıla?have they been able to spread? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentöşeyalmağanmamı? töşeyalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to spread? | sentöşeyalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to spread? | oltöşeyalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to spread? | biztöşeyalmağanbızmı? töşeyalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to spread? | siztöşeyalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to spread? | alatöşeyalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to spread? |
| Ability — past perfect | mentöşeyalğan edimtöşeyalğanemI had been able to spread | sentöşeyalğan ediŋtöşeyalğaneŋyou had been able to spread | oltöşeyalğan editöşeyalğanedhe had been able to spread | biztöşeyalğan ediktöşeyalğanekwe had been able to spread | siztöşeyalğan edigiztöşeyalğanegizyou all had been able to spread | alatöşeyalğan ediletöşeyalğanellethey had been able to spread |
| Ability — past perfect | mentöşeyalmağan edimtöşeyalmağanemI hadn't been able to spread | sentöşeyalmağan ediŋtöşeyalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to spread | oltöşeyalmağan editöşeyalmağanedhe hadn't been able to spread | biztöşeyalmağan ediktöşeyalmağanekwe hadn't been able to spread | siztöşeyalmağan edigiztöşeyalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to spread | alatöşeyalmağan ediletöşeyalmağanellethey hadn't been able to spread |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | mentöşeyala edimtöşeyalaemI could spread | sentöşeyala ediŋtöşeyalaeŋyou could spread | oltöşeyala editöşeyalaedhe could spread | biztöşeyala ediktöşeyalaekwe could spread | siztöşeyala edigiztöşeyalaegizyou all could spread | alatöşeyala ediletöşeyalaellethey could spread |
| Ability — past background | mentöşeyalmay edimtöşeyalmayemI could not spread | sentöşeyalmay ediŋtöşeyalmayeŋyou could not spread | oltöşeyalmay editöşeyalmayedhe could not spread | biztöşeyalmay ediktöşeyalmayekwe could not spread | siztöşeyalmay edigiztöşeyalmayegizyou all could not spread | alatöşeyalmay ediletöşeyalmayellethey could not spread |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | mentöşeyalırmaI will be able to spread | sentöşeyalırsayou will be able to spread | oltöşeyalırhe will be able to spread | biztöşeyalırbızwe will be able to spread | siztöşeyalırsızyou all will be able to spread | alatöşeyalırlathey will be able to spread |
| Ability — future I | mentöşeyalmazmaI won't be able to spread | sentöşeyalmazsayou won't be able to spread | oltöşeyalmazhe won't be able to spread | biztöşeyalmazbızwe won't be able to spread | siztöşeyalmazsızyou all won't be able to spread | alatöşeyalmazlathey won't be able to spread |
| Ability — future I | mentöşeyalırmamı? töşeyalırmıma?will I be able to spread? | sentöşeyalırmısa?will you be able to spread? | oltöşeyalırmı?will he be able to spread? | biztöşeyalırbızmı? töşeyalırmıbız?will we be able to spread? | siztöşeyalırmısız?will you all be able to spread? | alatöşeyalırlamı? töşeyalırmıla?will they be able to spread? |
| Ability — future I | mentöşeyalmazmamı? töşeyalmazmıma?won't I be able to spread? | sentöşeyalmazmısa?won't you be able to spread? | oltöşeyalmazmı?won't he be able to spread? | biztöşeyalmazbızmı? töşeyalmazmıbız?won't we be able to spread? | siztöşeyalmazmısız?won't you all be able to spread? | alatöşeyalmazlamı? töşeyalmazmıla?won't they be able to spread? |
| Ability — future II | mentöşeyallıqmaI am going to be able to spread | sentöşeyallıqsayou are going to be able to spread | oltöşeyallıqdıhe is going to be able to spread | biztöşeyallıqbızwe are going to be able to spread | siztöşeyallıqsızyou all are going to be able to spread | alatöşeyallıqdılathey are going to be able to spread |
| Ability — future II | mentöşeyallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to spread | sentöşeyallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to spread | oltöşeyallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to spread | biztöşeyallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to spread | siztöşeyallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to spread | alatöşeyallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to spread |
| Ability — future II | mentöşeyallıqmamı? töşeyallıqmıma?am I going to be able to spread? | sentöşeyallıqmısa?are you going to be able to spread? | oltöşeyallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to spread? | biztöşeyallıqbızmı? töşeyallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to spread? | siztöşeyallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to spread? | alatöşeyallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to spread? |
| Ability — future II | mentöşeyallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to spread? | sentöşeyallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to spread? | oltöşeyallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to spread? | biztöşeyallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to spread? | siztöşeyallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to spread? | alatöşeyallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to spread? |
| Ability — would be able to… | mentöşeyalır edimtöşeyalır emI would be able to spread | sentöşeyalır ediŋtöşeyalır eŋyou would be able to spread | oltöşeyalır editöşeyalır edhe would be able to spread | biztöşeyalır ediktöşeyalır ekwe would be able to spread | siztöşeyalır edigiztöşeyalır egizyou all would be able to spread | alatöşeyalır ediletöşeyalır ellethey would be able to spread |
| Ability — would be able to… | mentöşeyalmaz edimtöşeyalmaz emI wouldn't be able to spread | sentöşeyalmaz ediŋtöşeyalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to spread | oltöşeyalmaz editöşeyalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to spread | biztöşeyalmaz ediktöşeyalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to spread | siztöşeyalmaz edigiztöşeyalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to spread | alatöşeyalmaz ediletöşeyalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to spread |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sentöşeyalğıntöşeyalğımay you be able to spread | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sentöşeyalmağıntöşeyalmağımay you not be able to spread | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | mentöşerge izleymeI want to spread | sentöşerge izleyseyou want to spread | oltöşerge izleydihe wants to spread | biztöşerge izleybizwe want to spread | siztöşerge izleysizyou all want to spread | alatöşerge izleydilethey want to spread |
| want to | mentöşerge izlemeymeI do not want to spread | sentöşerge izlemeyseyou do not want to spread | oltöşerge izlemeydihe does not want to spread | biztöşerge izlemeybizwe do not want to spread | siztöşerge izlemeysizyou all do not want to spread | alatöşerge izlemeydilethey do not want to spread |
| would like to | mentöşerge süemeI would like to spread | sentöşerge süeseyou would like to spread | oltöşerge süedihe would like to spread | biztöşerge süebizwe would like to spread | siztöşerge süesizyou all would like to spread | alatöşerge süedilethey would like to spread |
| would like to | mentöşerge süymeymeI would not like to spread | sentöşerge süymeyseyou would not like to spread | oltöşerge süymeydihe would not like to spread | biztöşerge süymeybizwe would not like to spread | siztöşerge süymeysizyou all would not like to spread | alatöşerge süymeydilethey would not like to spread |
| hope to | mentöşerge umutlanamaI hope to spread | sentöşerge umutlanasayou hope to spread | oltöşerge umutlanadıhe hopes to spread | biztöşerge umutlanabızwe hope to spread | siztöşerge umutlanasızyou all hope to spread | alatöşerge umutlanadılathey hope to spread |
| hope to | mentöşerge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to spread | sentöşerge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to spread | oltöşerge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to spread | biztöşerge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to spread | siztöşerge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to spread | alatöşerge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to spread |
| be about to | mentöşerge deb turamaI am about to spread | sentöşerge deb turasayou are about to spread | oltöşerge deb turadıhe is about to spread | biztöşerge deb turabızwe are about to spread | siztöşerge deb turasızyou all are about to spread | alatöşerge deb turadılathey are about to spread |
| be about to | mentöşerge deb turmaymaI am not about to spread | sentöşerge deb turmaysayou are not about to spread | oltöşerge deb turmaydıhe is not about to spread | biztöşerge deb turmaybızwe are not about to spread | siztöşerge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to spread | alatöşerge deb turmaydılathey are not about to spread |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | mentöşerge kerekmeI need to spread | sentöşerge kerekseyou need to spread | oltöşerge kerekdihe needs to spread | biztöşerge kerekbizwe need to spread | siztöşerge kereksizyou all need to spread | alatöşerge kerekdilethey need to spread |
| need to | mentöşerge kerek tülmeI do not need to spread | sentöşerge kerek tülseyou do not need to spread | oltöşerge kerek tüldühe does not need to spread | biztöşerge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to spread | siztöşerge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to spread | alatöşerge kerek tüldülethey do not need to spread |
| have to | menmenŋe töşerge tüşediI have to spread | sensenŋe töşerge tüşediyou have to spread | olaŋa töşerge tüşedihe has to spread | bizbizge töşerge tüşediwe have to spread | sizsizge töşerge tüşediyou all have to spread | alaalağa töşerge tüşedithey have to spread |
| have to | menmenŋe töşerge tüşmeydiI do not have to spread | sensenŋe töşerge tüşmeydiyou do not have to spread | olaŋa töşerge tüşmeydihe does not have to spread | bizbizge töşerge tüşmeydiwe do not have to spread | sizsizge töşerge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to spread | alaalağa töşerge tüşmeydithey do not have to spread |
| be obliged to | mentöşerge borçlumaI am obliged to spread | sentöşerge borçlusayou are obliged to spread | oltöşerge borçluduhe is obliged to spread | biztöşerge borçlubuzwe are obliged to spread | siztöşerge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to spread | alatöşerge borçludulathey are obliged to spread |
| be obliged to | mentöşerge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to spread | sentöşerge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to spread | oltöşerge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to spread | biztöşerge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to spread | siztöşerge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to spread | alatöşerge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to spread |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | mentöşerge madarım bardıI have a way to spread | sentöşerge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to spread | oltöşerge madarı bardıhe has a way to spread | biztöşerge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to spread | siztöşerge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to spread | alatöşerge madarları bardıthey have a way to spread |
| have a way to | mentöşerge madarım joqduI have no way to spread | sentöşerge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to spread | oltöşerge madarı joqduhe has no way to spread | biztöşerge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to spread | siztöşerge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to spread | alatöşerge madarları joqduthey have no way to spread |
| be free to | mentöşerge erkinligim bardıI am free to spread | sentöşerge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to spread | oltöşerge erkinligi bardıhe is free to spread | biztöşerge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to spread | siztöşerge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to spread | alatöşerge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to spread |
| be free to | mentöşerge erkinligim joqduI am not free to spread | sentöşerge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to spread | oltöşerge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to spread | biztöşerge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to spread | siztöşerge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to spread | alatöşerge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to spread |
| be possible to | menmenŋe töşerge bolluqduit is possible for me to spread | sensenŋe töşerge bolluqduit is possible for you to spread | olaŋa töşerge bolluqduit is possible for him to spread | bizbizge töşerge bolluqduit is possible for us to spread | sizsizge töşerge bolluqduit is possible for you all to spread | alaalağa töşerge bolluqduit is possible for them to spread |
| be possible to | menmenŋe töşerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to spread | sensenŋe töşerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to spread | olaŋa töşerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to spread | bizbizge töşerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to spread | sizsizge töşerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to spread | alaalağa töşerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to spread |
| be ready to | mentöşerge hazırmaI am ready to spread | sentöşerge hazırsayou are ready to spread | oltöşerge hazırdıhe is ready to spread | biztöşerge hazırbızwe are ready to spread | siztöşerge hazırsızyou all are ready to spread | alatöşerge hazırdılathey are ready to spread |
| be ready to | mentöşerge hazır tülmeI am not ready to spread | sentöşerge hazır tülseyou are not ready to spread | oltöşerge hazır tüldühe is not ready to spread | biztöşerge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to spread | siztöşerge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to spread | alatöşerge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to spread |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | mentöşerge küreşemeI am trying to spread | sentöşerge küreşeseyou are trying to spread | oltöşerge küreşedihe is trying to spread | biztöşerge küreşebizwe are trying to spread | siztöşerge küreşesizyou all are trying to spread | alatöşerge küreşedilethey are trying to spread |
| try to | mentöşerge küreşmeymeI am not trying to spread | sentöşerge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to spread | oltöşerge küreşmeydihe is not trying to spread | biztöşerge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to spread | siztöşerge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to spread | alatöşerge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to spread |
| agree to | mentöşerge unaymaI agree to spread | sentöşerge unaysayou agree to spread | oltöşerge unaydıhe agrees to spread | biztöşerge unaybızwe agree to spread | siztöşerge unaysızyou all agree to spread | alatöşerge unaydılathey agree to spread |
| agree to | mentöşerge unamaymaI refuse to spread | sentöşerge unamaysayou refuse to spread | oltöşerge unamaydıhe refuses to spread | biztöşerge unamaybızwe refuse to spread | siztöşerge unamaysızyou all refuse to spread | alatöşerge unamaydılathey refuse to spread |
| hurry to | mentöşerge aşığamaI am in a hurry to spread | sentöşerge aşığasayou are in a hurry to spread | oltöşerge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to spread | biztöşerge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to spread | siztöşerge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to spread | alatöşerge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to spread |
| hurry to | mentöşerge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to spread | sentöşerge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to spread | oltöşerge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to spread | biztöşerge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to spread | siztöşerge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to spread | alatöşerge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to spread |
| be afraid to | mentöşerge qorqamaI am afraid to spread | sentöşerge qorqasayou are afraid to spread | oltöşerge qorqadıhe is afraid to spread | biztöşerge qorqabızwe are afraid to spread | siztöşerge qorqasızyou all are afraid to spread | alatöşerge qorqadılathey are afraid to spread |
| be afraid to | mentöşerge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to spread | sentöşerge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to spread | oltöşerge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to spread | biztöşerge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to spread | siztöşerge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to spread | alatöşerge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to spread |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | mentöşey bolmazmaI can't be spreading | sentöşey bolmazsayou can't be spreading | oltöşey bolmazhe can't be spreading | biztöşey bolmazbızwe can't be spreading | siztöşey bolmazsızyou all can't be spreading | alatöşey bolmazlathey can't be spreading |
| Inference, present — double negation | mentöşemey bolmazmaI must be spreading (emphatic) | sentöşemey bolmazsayou must be spreading (emphatic) | oltöşemey bolmazhe must be spreading (emphatic) | biztöşemey bolmazbızwe must be spreading (emphatic) | siztöşemey bolmazsızyou all must be spreading (emphatic) | alatöşemey bolmazlathey must be spreading (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | mentöşey turmasamif I don't keep spreading | sentöşey turmasaŋif you don't keep spreading | oltöşey turmasaif he doesn't keep spreading | biztöşey turmasaqif we don't keep spreading | siztöşey turmasağızif you all don't keep spreading | alatöşey turmasalaif they don't keep spreading |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | mentöşey tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of spreading | sentöşey tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of spreading | oltöşey tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of spreading | biztöşey tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of spreading | siztöşey tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of spreading | alatöşey tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of spreading |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | mentöşemey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not spreading (emphatic) | sentöşemey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not spreading (emphatic) | oltöşemey tura bolmazhe must keep on not spreading (emphatic) | biztöşemey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not spreading (emphatic) | siztöşemey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not spreading (emphatic) | alatöşemey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not spreading (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | mentöşemey turamaI keep on not spreading | sentöşemey turasayou keep on not spreading | oltöşemey turadıhe keeps on not spreading | biztöşemey turabızwe keep on not spreading | siztöşemey turasızyou all keep on not spreading | alatöşemey turadılathey keep on not spreading |
| Progressive — double negation | mentöşemey turmaymaI am not keeping on not spreading | sentöşemey turmaysayou are not keeping on not spreading | oltöşemey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not spreading | biztöşemey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not spreading | siztöşemey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not spreading | alatöşemey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not spreading |
| Progressive — double negation | mentöşemey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not spreading? | sentöşemey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not spreading? | oltöşemey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not spreading? | biztöşemey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not spreading? | siztöşemey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not spreading? | alatöşemey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not spreading? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | mentöşegen bolmazmaI can't have spread | sentöşegen bolmazsayou can't have spread | oltöşegen bolmazhe can't have spread | biztöşegen bolmazbızwe can't have spread | siztöşegen bolmazsızyou all can't have spread | alatöşegen bolmazlathey can't have spread |
| Inference — double negation | mentöşemegen bolmazmaI must have spread (emphatic) | sentöşemegen bolmazsayou must have spread (emphatic) | oltöşemegen bolmazhe must have spread (emphatic) | biztöşemegen bolmazbızwe must have spread (emphatic) | siztöşemegen bolmazsızyou all must have spread (emphatic) | alatöşemegen bolmazlathey must have spread (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | mentöşegen bolmasamif it weren't that I had spread | sentöşegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had spread | oltöşegen bolmasaif it weren't that he had spread | biztöşegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had spread | siztöşegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had spread | alatöşegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had spread |
| Counterfactual — double negation | mentöşemegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't spread | sentöşemegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't spread | oltöşemegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't spread | biztöşemegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't spread | siztöşemegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't spread | alatöşemegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't spread |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | mentöşerik bolmazmaI can't be going to spread | sentöşerik bolmazsayou can't be going to spread | oltöşerik bolmazhe can't be going to spread | biztöşerik bolmazbızwe can't be going to spread | siztöşerik bolmazsızyou all can't be going to spread | alatöşerik bolmazlathey can't be going to spread |
| Inference, future — double negation | mentöşemezlik bolmazmaI must be going to spread (emphatic) | sentöşemezlik bolmazsayou must be going to spread (emphatic) | oltöşemezlik bolmazhe must be going to spread (emphatic) | biztöşemezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to spread (emphatic) | siztöşemezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to spread (emphatic) | alatöşemezlik bolmazlathey must be going to spread (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | mentöşerik bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to spread | sentöşerik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to spread | oltöşerik bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to spread | biztöşerik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to spread | siztöşerik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to spread | alatöşerik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to spread |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | mentöşemezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to spread | sentöşemezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to spread | oltöşemezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to spread | biztöşemezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to spread | siztöşemezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to spread | alatöşemezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to spread |