ketgen
/ketɡen/
past participle of keterge →
1. who left, departed, gone
- jolğa ketgen atlıla — riders who set out on the road
- uzaqğa ketgen qarnaşdan hat keldi — a letter came from the brother who went far away
- ketgen adamnı ızından aytma — do not talk behind the back of one who has left
2. past, elapsed, previous, bygone — ketgen zaman means the past, and in grammar the past tense.
- ketgen jıl — last year
- ketgen jay — last summer
- ketgen ıyıh kün — last Sunday
- ketgen zaman — the past; the past tense
- ketgen künleni esge tüşürdük — we recalled the bygone days
- ozub ketgen jılla — the years that have gone by
- ketgen suw qaytmaz — water that has flowed away does not return
- ketgen zaman ızına qaytmaz — past time does not return back
Expressions
- tübsüz kölge ketgen taş kibik — vanished without trace
Saying it about someone
| Degree | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | ketgenmeI am past | ketgenseyou are past | ketgendihe is past | ketgenbizwe are past | ketgensizyou all are past | ketgendilethey are past |
To compare two things, put the loser in the from-form: ol menden ketgendi — "compared to me, he is past."
Saying it about mine, yours, theirs
One thing
| Degree | menikimine | senikiyours | anıqıhis / hers | biznikiours | siznikiyours (pl.) | alanıqıtheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | meniki ketgendimine is past | seniki ketgendiyours is past | anıqı ketgendihis is past | bizniki ketgendiours is past | sizniki ketgendiyours (pl.) is past | alanıqı ketgenditheirs is past |
Several things
| Degree | menikilemine | senikileyours | anıqılahis / hers | biznikileours | siznikileyours (pl.) | alanıqılatheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | menikile ketgendilemine are past | senikile ketgendileyours are past | anıqıla ketgendilehis are past | biznikile ketgendileours are past | siznikile ketgendileyours (pl.) are past | alanıqıla ketgendiletheirs are past |
Any thing takes the third-person ending, not only these: bu ketgendi, bıla ketgendile. In texts biznikile is usually kesibiznikile, "our own people", and a surname with -nıqıla names a family: Dudalanıqıla, "the Dudas".
Which reading? Look at what follows.
| ketgen + noun | the one who leaves (the noun is the doer) |
|---|---|
| ketgeni, nothing after | someone's leaving |
| ketgeni under bilirge, körürge | that someone leaves |
With an owner
| my | ketgenimmy having left |
|---|---|
| your | ketgeniŋyour having left |
| his / her | ketgenihis / her having left |
| our | ketgenibizour having left |
| you all's | ketgenigizyou all's having left |
| their | ketgenleritheir having left |
Cases with an owner
The endings on ketgeni, the form with a third-person owner. Every other owner takes the same six.
| nominative | ketgenihis / her having left |
|---|---|
| genitive | ketgeninihis / her having left's |
| accusative | ketgeninhis / her having left |
| dative | ketgenineto his / her having left |
| locative | ketgenindewhen he / she left |
| ablative | ketgenindenafter he / she left |
Negative
| the negative | ketmegenthe one that didn't leave |
|---|---|
| his / her | ketmegenihis / her not having left |