injiw
/indʒiw/
Definition
suffering, hardship, want
- injiwde jaşarğa — to live in want
- uwaq injiwle — small misfortunes
- injiw körürge — to know suffering
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or .Cases
| Singular | Plural | When to use it | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | injiwthe suffering | injiwlethe sufferings | the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence |
| genitive | injiwnithe suffering's | injiwlenithe sufferings' | the owner — whose it is |
| accusative | injiwnithe suffering (as the object) | injiwlenithe sufferings (as the object) | a specific, known object — whom or what |
| dative | injiwgeto the suffering | injiwlegeto the sufferings | direction or recipient — to where, to whom |
| locative | injiwdeat / in the suffering | injiwledeat / in the sufferings | where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it" |
| ablative | injiwdenfrom the suffering | injiwledenfrom the sufferings | where it comes from; also "than" when comparing |
When to use each case
- nominative
- the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence
- genitive
- the owner — whose it is
- accusative
- a specific, known object — whom or what
- dative
- direction or recipient — to where, to whom
- locative
- where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it"
- ablative
- where it comes from; also "than" when comparing
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
With an owner
| One owned | Several owned | |
|---|---|---|
| my | injiwimmy suffering | injiwlerimmy sufferings |
| your | injiwingyour suffering | injiwleringyour sufferings |
| his / her | injiwihis / her suffering | injiwlerihis / her sufferings |
| our | injiwibizour suffering | injiwleribizour sufferings |
| you all's | injiwigizyou all's suffering | injiwlerigizyou all's sufferings |
| their | injiwleritheir suffering | injiwleritheir sufferings |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: injiwleri can mean "his / her sufferings", "their suffering", or "their sufferings" — context decides.