maltarğa
/maltarʁa/
1. trample, tread on, crush underfoot
- jerni maltarğa — to trample the ground
- hanslanı maltarğa — to trample the grass
- sabiyle baçhanı maltadıla — the children trampled the garden
- gokkalanı maltama — do not crush the flowers
- bir birlerin maltay — trampling one another
- malla maltağan jerlerin — the places livestock trampled
- gokka hansnı maltama — do not crush the flower
- pomidorlanı maltarğa — to crush the tomatoes
- itni maltarğa — to trample a dog
2. tread firm, tamp down, compact
- qarnı maltarğa — to tamp down the snow
- topuraqnı igi malta — tamp the earth down well
- jolnu maltadıla — they tamped the road down
- traktor bla maltadıla — they compact it with a tractor
3. oppress, hold down one source
- halqnı maltarğa — to oppress a people
- jarlılanı maltarğa jaramaydı — it is not right to oppress the poor
- köb milletni maltağan — that oppressed many peoples
- kim maltamadı seni — who has not oppressed you
4. humiliate, trample on someone's dignity
- adamnı sıyın maltama — do not trample on a person's dignity
- seni maltarğa — to humiliate you
- namısıbıznı, betibizni da maltadıla — they trampled on our honor and our dignity
- namısnı maltağan — that trampled on honor
5. chop, hew, cut down (branches, an enemy) — Used both literally of tree branches and of cutting down an enemy in battle.
- terekni butaqların maltarğa — to lop off a tree's branches
- terekni butaqların maltadıla — they lopped off the tree's branches
- jawnu maltarğa — to cut down the enemy
- jawnu maltadıq — we cut down the enemy
Conjugation
Common forms
- maltaydıhe is trampling
- maltadıhe trampled
- maltağandıhe has trampled
- maltarhe will trample
- maltarıqdıhe is going to trample
- maltay edihe was trampling
- maltasaif he tramples
- malta!trample!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menmaltaymaI am trampling | senmaltaysayou are trampling | olmaltaydıhe is trampling | bizmaltaybızwe are trampling | sizmaltaysızyou all are trampling | alamaltaydılathey are trampling |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menmaltamaymaI am not trampling | senmaltamaysayou are not trampling | olmaltamaydıhe is not trampling | bizmaltamaybızwe are not trampling | sizmaltamaysızyou all are not trampling | alamaltamaydılathey are not trampling |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menmaltaymamı? maltaymıma?am I trampling? | senmaltaymısa?are you trampling? | olmaltaymıdı?is he trampling? | bizmaltaybızmı? maltaymıbız?are we trampling? | sizmaltaymısız?are you all trampling? | alamaltaymıdıla?are they trampling? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menmaltamaymamı? maltamaymıma?aren't I trampling? | senmaltamaymısa?aren't you trampling? | olmaltamaymıdı?isn't he trampling? | bizmaltamaybızmı? maltamaymıbız?aren't we trampling? | sizmaltamaymısız?aren't you all trampling? | alamaltamaymıdıla?aren't they trampling? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menmaltawçanmaI usually trample | senmaltawçansayou usually trample | olmaltawçandıhe usually tramples | bizmaltawçanbızwe usually trample | sizmaltawçansızyou all usually trample | alamaltawçandılathey usually trample |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menmaltamawçanmaI usually don't trample | senmaltamawçansayou usually don't trample | olmaltamawçandıhe usually doesn't trample | bizmaltamawçanbızwe usually don't trample | sizmaltamawçansızyou all usually don't trample | alamaltamawçandılathey usually don't trample |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menmaltawçanmamı? maltawçanmıma?do I usually trample? | senmaltawçanmısa?do you usually trample? | olmaltawçanmıdı?does he usually trample? | bizmaltawçanbızmı? maltawçanmıbız?do we usually trample? | sizmaltawçanmısız?do you all usually trample? | alamaltawçanmıdıla?do they usually trample? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menmaltamawçanmamı? maltamawçanmıma?do I usually not trample? | senmaltamawçanmısa?do you usually not trample? | olmaltamawçanmıdı?does he usually not trample? | bizmaltamawçanbızmı? maltamawçanmıbız?do we usually not trample? | sizmaltamawçanmısız?do you all usually not trample? | alamaltamawçanmıdıla?do they usually not trample? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olmaltabdıhe has trampled and remains so | alamaltabdılathey have trampled and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olmaltabmıdı?has he trampled? | alamaltabmıdıla?have they trampled? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menmaltab turamaI keep trampling | senmaltab turasayou keep trampling | olmaltab turadıhe keeps trampling | bizmaltab turabızwe keep trampling | sizmaltab turasızyou all keep trampling | alamaltab turadılathey keep trampling |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menmaltab turmaymaI don't keep trampling | senmaltab turmaysayou don't keep trampling | olmaltab turmaydıhe doesn't keep trampling | bizmaltab turmaybızwe don't keep trampling | sizmaltab turmaysızyou all don't keep trampling | alamaltab turmaydılathey don't keep trampling |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menmaltab turamamı? maltab turamıma?do I keep trampling? | senmaltab turamısa?do you keep trampling? | olmaltab turamıdı?does he keep trampling? | bizmaltab turabızmı? maltab turamıbız?do we keep trampling? | sizmaltab turamısız?do you all keep trampling? | alamaltab turamıdıla?do they keep trampling? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menmaltab turmaymamı? maltab turmaymıma?don't I keep trampling? | senmaltab turmaymısa?don't you keep trampling? | olmaltab turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep trampling? | bizmaltab turmaybızmı? maltab turmaymıbız?don't we keep trampling? | sizmaltab turmaymısız?don't you all keep trampling? | alamaltab turmaymıdıla?don't they keep trampling? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menmaltay turamaI am in the middle of trampling | senmaltay turasayou are in the middle of trampling | olmaltay turadıhe is in the middle of trampling | bizmaltay turabızwe are in the middle of trampling | sizmaltay turasızyou all are in the middle of trampling | alamaltay turadılathey are in the middle of trampling |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menmaltay turmaymaI am not in the middle of trampling | senmaltay turmaysayou are not in the middle of trampling | olmaltay turmaydıhe is not in the middle of trampling | bizmaltay turmaybızwe are not in the middle of trampling | sizmaltay turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of trampling | alamaltay turmaydılathey are not in the middle of trampling |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menmaltay turamamı? maltay turamıma?am I in the middle of trampling? | senmaltay turamısa?are you in the middle of trampling? | olmaltay turamıdı?is he in the middle of trampling? | bizmaltay turabızmı? maltay turamıbız?are we in the middle of trampling? | sizmaltay turamısız?are you all in the middle of trampling? | alamaltay turamıdıla?are they in the middle of trampling? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menmaltay turmaymamı? maltay turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of trampling? | senmaltay turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of trampling? | olmaltay turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of trampling? | bizmaltay turmaybızmı? maltay turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of trampling? | sizmaltay turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of trampling? | alamaltay turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of trampling? |
| Simple past (definite) | menmaltadımI trampled | senmaltadıŋyou trampled | olmaltadıhe trampled | bizmaltadıqwe trampled | sizmaltadığızyou all trampled | alamaltadılathey trampled |
| Simple past (definite) | menmaltamadımI didn't trample | senmaltamadıŋyou didn't trample | olmaltamadıhe didn't trample | bizmaltamadıqwe didn't trample | sizmaltamadığızyou all didn't trample | alamaltamadılathey didn't trample |
| Simple past (definite) | menmaltadımmı?did I trample? | senmaltadıŋmı?did you trample? | olmaltadımı?did he trample? | bizmaltadıqmı?did we trample? | sizmaltadığızmı?did you all trample? | alamaltadılamı?did they trample? |
| Simple past (definite) | menmaltamadımmı?didn't I trample? | senmaltamadıŋmı?didn't you trample? | olmaltamadımı?didn't he trample? | bizmaltamadıqmı?didn't we trample? | sizmaltamadığızmı?didn't you all trample? | alamaltamadılamı?didn't they trample? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menmaltağanmaI have trampled | senmaltağansayou have trampled | olmaltağandıhe has trampled | bizmaltağanbızwe have trampled | sizmaltağansızyou all have trampled | alamaltağandılathey have trampled |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menmaltamağanmaI haven't trampled | senmaltamağansayou haven't trampled | olmaltamağandıhe hasn't trampled | bizmaltamağanbızwe haven't trampled | sizmaltamağansızyou all haven't trampled | alamaltamağandılathey haven't trampled |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menmaltağanmamı? maltağanmıma?have I trampled? | senmaltağanmısa?have you trampled? | olmaltağanmıdı?has he trampled? | bizmaltağanbızmı? maltağanmıbız?have we trampled? | sizmaltağanmısız?have you all trampled? | alamaltağanmıdıla?have they trampled? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menmaltamağanmamı? maltamağanmıma?haven't I trampled? | senmaltamağanmısa?haven't you trampled? | olmaltamağanmıdı?hasn't he trampled? | bizmaltamağanbızmı? maltamağanmıbız?haven't we trampled? | sizmaltamağanmısız?haven't you all trampled? | alamaltamağanmıdıla?haven't they trampled? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menmaltab turdumI kept trampling | senmaltab turduŋyou kept trampling | olmaltab turduhe kept trampling | bizmaltab turduqwe kept trampling | sizmaltab turduğuzyou all kept trampling | alamaltab turdulathey kept trampling |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menmaltab turmadımI didn't keep trampling | senmaltab turmadıŋyou didn't keep trampling | olmaltab turmadıhe didn't keep trampling | bizmaltab turmadıqwe didn't keep trampling | sizmaltab turmadığızyou all didn't keep trampling | alamaltab turmadılathey didn't keep trampling |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menmaltarmaI will trample | senmaltarsayou will trample | olmaltarhe will trample | bizmaltarbızwe will trample | sizmaltarsızyou all will trample | alamaltarlathey will trample |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menmaltamazmaI won't trample | senmaltamazsayou won't trample | olmaltamazhe won't trample | bizmaltamazbızwe won't trample | sizmaltamazsızyou all won't trample | alamaltamazlathey won't trample |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menmaltarmamı? maltarmıma?will I trample? | senmaltarmısa?will you trample? | olmaltarmı?will he trample? | bizmaltarbızmı? maltarmıbız?will we trample? | sizmaltarmısız?will you all trample? | alamaltarlamı? maltarmıla?will they trample? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menmaltamazmamı? maltamazmıma?won't I trample? | senmaltamazmısa?won't you trample? | olmaltamazmı?won't he trample? | bizmaltamazbızmı? maltamazmıbız?won't we trample? | sizmaltamazmısız?won't you all trample? | alamaltamazlamı? maltamazmıla?won't they trample? |
| Definite future (future II) | menmaltarıqmaI am going to trample | senmaltarıqsayou are going to trample | olmaltarıqdıhe is going to trample | bizmaltarıqbızwe are going to trample | sizmaltarıqsızyou all are going to trample | alamaltarıqdılathey are going to trample |
| Definite future (future II) | menmaltarıq tülmeI am not going to trample | senmaltarıq tülseyou are not going to trample | olmaltarıq tüldühe is not going to trample | bizmaltarıq tülbüzwe are not going to trample | sizmaltarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to trample | alamaltarıq tüldülethey are not going to trample |
| Definite future (future II) | menmaltarıqmamı? maltarıqmıma?am I going to trample? | senmaltarıqmısa?are you going to trample? | olmaltarıqmıdı?is he going to trample? | bizmaltarıqbızmı? maltarıqmıbız?are we going to trample? | sizmaltarıqmısız?are you all going to trample? | alamaltarıqmıdıla?are they going to trample? |
| Definite future (future II) | menmaltarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to trample? | senmaltarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to trample? | olmaltarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to trample? | bizmaltarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to trample? | sizmaltarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to trample? | alamaltarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to trample? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menmaltağan edimmaltağanemI had trampled | senmaltağan ediŋmaltağaneŋyou had trampled | olmaltağan edimaltağanedhe had trampled | bizmaltağan edikmaltağanekwe had trampled | sizmaltağan edigizmaltağanegizyou all had trampled | alamaltağan edilemaltağanellethey had trampled |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menmaltamağan edimmaltamağanemI hadn't trampled | senmaltamağan ediŋmaltamağaneŋyou hadn't trampled | olmaltamağan edimaltamağanedhe hadn't trampled | bizmaltamağan edikmaltamağanekwe hadn't trampled | sizmaltamağan edigizmaltamağanegizyou all hadn't trampled | alamaltamağan edilemaltamağanellethey hadn't trampled |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menmaltay edimmaltayemI was trampling | senmaltay ediŋmaltayeŋyou were trampling | olmaltay edimaltayedhe was trampling | bizmaltay edikmaltayekwe were trampling | sizmaltay edigizmaltayegizyou all were trampling | alamaltay edilemaltayellethey were trampling |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menmaltamay edimmaltamayemI wasn't trampling | senmaltamay ediŋmaltamayeŋyou weren't trampling | olmaltamay edimaltamayedhe wasn't trampling | bizmaltamay edikmaltamayekwe weren't trampling | sizmaltamay edigizmaltamayegizyou all weren't trampling | alamaltamay edilemaltamayellethey weren't trampling |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menmaltawçan edimmaltawçanemI used to trample | senmaltawçan ediŋmaltawçaneŋyou used to trample | olmaltawçan edimaltawçanedhe used to trample | bizmaltawçan edikmaltawçanekwe used to trample | sizmaltawçan edigizmaltawçanegizyou all used to trample | alamaltawçan edilemaltawçanellethey used to trample |
| Habitual past (used to) | menmaltamawçan edimmaltamawçanemI didn't use to trample | senmaltamawçan ediŋmaltamawçaneŋyou didn't use to trample | olmaltamawçan edimaltamawçanedhe didn't use to trample | bizmaltamawçan edikmaltamawçanekwe didn't use to trample | sizmaltamawçan edigizmaltamawçanegizyou all didn't use to trample | alamaltamawçan edilemaltamawçanellethey didn't use to trample |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olmaltab edihe had trampled and remained so | alamaltab edilethey had trampled and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olmaltab tül edihe hadn't trampled | alamaltab tül edilethey hadn't trampled | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menmaltab tura edimmaltab turaemI had kept trampling | senmaltab tura ediŋmaltab turaeŋyou had kept trampling | olmaltab tura edimaltab turaedhe had kept trampling | bizmaltab tura edikmaltab turaekwe had kept trampling | sizmaltab tura edigizmaltab turaegizyou all had kept trampling | alamaltab tura edilemaltab turaellethey had kept trampling |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menmaltab turmay edimmaltab turmayemI hadn't kept trampling | senmaltab turmay ediŋmaltab turmayeŋyou hadn't kept trampling | olmaltab turmay edimaltab turmayedhe hadn't kept trampling | bizmaltab turmay edikmaltab turmayekwe hadn't kept trampling | sizmaltab turmay edigizmaltab turmayegizyou all hadn't kept trampling | alamaltab turmay edilemaltab turmayellethey hadn't kept trampling |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menmaltay tura edimmaltay turaemI was in the middle of trampling | senmaltay tura ediŋmaltay turaeŋyou were in the middle of trampling | olmaltay tura edimaltay turaedhe was in the middle of trampling | bizmaltay tura edikmaltay turaekwe were in the middle of trampling | sizmaltay tura edigizmaltay turaegizyou all were in the middle of trampling | alamaltay tura edilemaltay turaellethey were in the middle of trampling |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menmaltay turmay edimmaltay turmayemI wasn't in the middle of trampling | senmaltay turmay ediŋmaltay turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of trampling | olmaltay turmay edimaltay turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of trampling | bizmaltay turmay edikmaltay turmayekwe weren't in the middle of trampling | sizmaltay turmay edigizmaltay turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of trampling | alamaltay turmay edilemaltay turmayellethey weren't in the middle of trampling |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menmaltar edimmaltar emI would trample | senmaltar ediŋmaltar eŋyou would trample | olmaltar edimaltar edhe would trample | bizmaltar edikmaltar ekwe would trample | sizmaltar edigizmaltar egizyou all would trample | alamaltar edilemaltar ellethey would trample |
| Conditional result (would) | menmaltamaz edimmaltamaz emI wouldn't trample | senmaltamaz ediŋmaltamaz eŋyou wouldn't trample | olmaltamaz edimaltamaz edhe wouldn't trample | bizmaltamaz edikmaltamaz ekwe wouldn't trample | sizmaltamaz edigizmaltamaz egizyou all wouldn't trample | alamaltamaz edilemaltamaz ellethey wouldn't trample |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menmaltarıq edimmaltarıq emI would have trampled | senmaltarıq ediŋmaltarıq eŋyou would have trampled | olmaltarıq edimaltarıq edhe would have trampled | bizmaltarıq edikmaltarıq ekwe would have trampled | sizmaltarıq edigizmaltarıq egizyou all would have trampled | alamaltarıq edilemaltarıq ellethey would have trampled |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menmaltarıq tül edimmaltarıq tül emI wouldn't have trampled | senmaltarıq tül ediŋmaltarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have trampled | olmaltarıq tül edimaltarıq tül edhe wouldn't have trampled | bizmaltarıq tül edikmaltarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have trampled | sizmaltarıq tül edigizmaltarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have trampled | alamaltarıq tül edilemaltarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have trampled |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menmaltasamif I trample | senmaltasaŋif you trample | olmaltasaif he tramples | bizmaltasaqif we trample | sizmaltasağızif you all trample | alamaltasalaif they trample |
| Conditional | menmaltamasamif I don't trample | senmaltamasaŋif you don't trample | olmaltamasaif he doesn't trample | bizmaltamasaqif we don't trample | sizmaltamasağızif you all don't trample | alamaltamasalaif they don't trample |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menmaltay esemif I am trampling | senmaltay eseŋif you are trampling | olmaltay eseif he is trampling | bizmaltay esekif we are trampling | sizmaltay esegizif you all are trampling | alamaltay eseleif they are trampling |
| Conditional, present real | menmaltamay esemif I am not trampling | senmaltamay eseŋif you are not trampling | olmaltamay eseif he is not trampling | bizmaltamay esekif we are not trampling | sizmaltamay esegizif you all are not trampling | alamaltamay eseleif they are not trampling |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menmaltasam edimaltasam edif only I trampled | senmaltasaŋ edimaltasaŋ edif only you trampled | olmaltasa edimaltasaedif only he trampled | bizmaltasaq edimaltasaq edif only we trampled | sizmaltasağız edimaltasağız edif only you all trampled | alamaltasala edimaltasalaedif only they trampled |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menmaltamasam edimaltamasam edif only I didn't trample | senmaltamasaŋ edimaltamasaŋ edif only you didn't trample | olmaltamasa edimaltamasaedif only he didn't trample | bizmaltamasaq edimaltamasaq edif only we didn't trample | sizmaltamasağız edimaltamasağız edif only you all didn't trample | alamaltamasala edimaltamasalaedif only they didn't trample |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menmaltab tursamif I carry on trampling | senmaltab tursaŋif you carry on trampling | olmaltab tursaif he carries on trampling | bizmaltab tursaqif we carry on trampling | sizmaltab tursağızif you all carry on trampling | alamaltab tursalaif they carry on trampling |
| Durative conditional | menmaltab turmasamif I don't carry on trampling | senmaltab turmasaŋif you don't carry on trampling | olmaltab turmasaif he doesn't carry on trampling | bizmaltab turmasaqif we don't carry on trampling | sizmaltab turmasağızif you all don't carry on trampling | alamaltab turmasalaif they don't carry on trampling |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menmaltab tura esemif I have kept trampling | senmaltab tura eseŋif you have kept trampling | olmaltab tura eseif he has kept trampling | bizmaltab tura esekif we have kept trampling | sizmaltab tura esegizif you all have kept trampling | alamaltab tura eseleif they have kept trampling |
| Durative conditional, present real | menmaltab turmay esemif I haven't kept trampling | senmaltab turmay eseŋif you haven't kept trampling | olmaltab turmay eseif he hasn't kept trampling | bizmaltab turmay esekif we haven't kept trampling | sizmaltab turmay esegizif you all haven't kept trampling | alamaltab turmay eseleif they haven't kept trampling |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menmaltay tursamif I keep trampling | senmaltay tursaŋif you keep trampling | olmaltay tursaif he keeps trampling | bizmaltay tursaqif we keep trampling | sizmaltay tursağızif you all keep trampling | alamaltay tursalaif they keep trampling |
| Progressive conditional | menmaltamay tursamif I keep on not trampling | senmaltamay tursaŋif you keep on not trampling | olmaltamay tursaif he keeps on not trampling | bizmaltamay tursaqif we keep on not trampling | sizmaltamay tursağızif you all keep on not trampling | alamaltamay tursalaif they keep on not trampling |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menmaltay tura esemif I am in the middle of trampling | senmaltay tura eseŋif you are in the middle of trampling | olmaltay tura eseif he is in the middle of trampling | bizmaltay tura esekif we are in the middle of trampling | sizmaltay tura esegizif you all are in the middle of trampling | alamaltay tura eseleif they are in the middle of trampling |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menmaltamay tura esemif I keep on not trampling | senmaltamay tura eseŋif you keep on not trampling | olmaltamay tura eseif he keeps on not trampling | bizmaltamay tura esekif we keep on not trampling | sizmaltamay tura esegizif you all keep on not trampling | alamaltamay tura eseleif they keep on not trampling |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menmaltadım esemif I trampled | senmaltadıŋ eseŋif you trampled | olmaltadı eseif he trampled | bizmaltadıq esekif we trampled | sizmaltadığız esegizif you all trampled | alamaltadıla eseleif they trampled |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menmaltamadım esemif I didn't trample | senmaltamadıŋ eseŋif you didn't trample | olmaltamadı eseif he didn't trample | bizmaltamadıq esekif we didn't trample | sizmaltamadığız esegizif you all didn't trample | alamaltamadıla eseleif they didn't trample |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menmaltağan esemif I did trample (indeed) | senmaltağan eseŋif you did trample (indeed) | olmaltağan eseif he did trample (indeed) | bizmaltağan esekif we did trample (indeed) | sizmaltağan esegizif you all did trample (indeed) | alamaltağan eseleif they did trample (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menmaltamağan esemif I didn't trample (indeed) | senmaltamağan eseŋif you didn't trample (indeed) | olmaltamağan eseif he didn't trample (indeed) | bizmaltamağan esekif we didn't trample (indeed) | sizmaltamağan esegizif you all didn't trample (indeed) | alamaltamağan eseleif they didn't trample (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menmaltağan bolsamif I had trampled | senmaltağan bolsaŋif you had trampled | olmaltağan bolsaif he had trampled | bizmaltağan bolsaqif we had trampled | sizmaltağan bolsağızif you all had trampled | alamaltağan bolsalaif they had trampled |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menmaltamağan bolsamif I hadn't trampled | senmaltamağan bolsaŋif you hadn't trampled | olmaltamağan bolsaif he hadn't trampled | bizmaltamağan bolsaqif we hadn't trampled | sizmaltamağan bolsağızif you all hadn't trampled | alamaltamağan bolsalaif they hadn't trampled |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menmaltağan bolsam edimaltağan bolsam edif only I had trampled | senmaltağan bolsaŋ edimaltağan bolsaŋ edif only you had trampled | olmaltağan bolsa edimaltağan bolsaedif only he had trampled | bizmaltağan bolsaq edimaltağan bolsaq edif only we had trampled | sizmaltağan bolsağız edimaltağan bolsağız edif only you all had trampled | alamaltağan bolsala edimaltağan bolsalaedif only they had trampled |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menmaltamağan bolsam edimaltamağan bolsam edif only I hadn't trampled | senmaltamağan bolsaŋ edimaltamağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't trampled | olmaltamağan bolsa edimaltamağan bolsaedif only he hadn't trampled | bizmaltamağan bolsaq edimaltamağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't trampled | sizmaltamağan bolsağız edimaltamağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't trampled | alamaltamağan bolsala edimaltamağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't trampled |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menmaltar esemif I will trample | senmaltar eseŋif you will trample | olmaltar eseif he will trample | bizmaltar esekif we will trample | sizmaltar esegizif you all will trample | alamaltar eseleif they will trample |
| Conditional, aorist | menmaltamaz esemif I won't trample | senmaltamaz eseŋif you won't trample | olmaltamaz eseif he won't trample | bizmaltamaz esekif we won't trample | sizmaltamaz esegizif you all won't trample | alamaltamaz eseleif they won't trample |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menmaltarıq esemif I am going to trample | senmaltarıq eseŋif you are going to trample | olmaltarıq eseif he is going to trample | bizmaltarıq esekif we are going to trample | sizmaltarıq esegizif you all are going to trample | alamaltarıq eseleif they are going to trample |
| Conditional, future | menmaltarıq tül esemif I am not going to trample | senmaltarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to trample | olmaltarıq tül eseif he is not going to trample | bizmaltarıq tül esekif we are not going to trample | sizmaltarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to trample | alamaltarıq tül eseleif they are not going to trample |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menmaltarıq bolsamif I were going to trample | senmaltarıq bolsaŋif you were going to trample | olmaltarıq bolsaif he were going to trample | bizmaltarıq bolsaqif we were going to trample | sizmaltarıq bolsağızif you all were going to trample | alamaltarıq bolsalaif they were going to trample |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menmaltamazlıq bolsamif I were not going to trample | senmaltamazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to trample | olmaltamazlıq bolsaif he were not going to trample | bizmaltamazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to trample | sizmaltamazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to trample | alamaltamazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to trample |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso maltadıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menmaltay bolurmaI must be trampling | senmaltay bolursayou must be trampling | olmaltay bolurhe must be trampling | bizmaltay bolurbuzwe must be trampling | sizmaltay bolursuzyou all must be trampling | alamaltay bolurlathey must be trampling |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menmaltamay bolurmaI must not be trampling | senmaltamay bolursayou must not be trampling | olmaltamay bolurhe must not be trampling | bizmaltamay bolurbuzwe must not be trampling | sizmaltamay bolursuzyou all must not be trampling | alamaltamay bolurlathey must not be trampling |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menmaltay tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of trampling | senmaltay tura bolursayou must be in the middle of trampling | olmaltay tura bolurhe must be in the middle of trampling | bizmaltay tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of trampling | sizmaltay tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of trampling | alamaltay tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of trampling |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menmaltamay tura bolurmaI must keep on not trampling | senmaltamay tura bolursayou must keep on not trampling | olmaltamay tura bolurhe must keep on not trampling | bizmaltamay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not trampling | sizmaltamay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not trampling | alamaltamay tura bolurlathey must keep on not trampling |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menmaltağan bolurmaI must have trampled | senmaltağan bolursayou must have trampled | olmaltağan bolurhe must have trampled | bizmaltağan bolurbuzwe must have trampled | sizmaltağan bolursuzyou all must have trampled | alamaltağan bolurlathey must have trampled |
| Inference (must have) | menmaltamağan bolurmaI must not have trampled | senmaltamağan bolursayou must not have trampled | olmaltamağan bolurhe must not have trampled | bizmaltamağan bolurbuzwe must not have trampled | sizmaltamağan bolursuzyou all must not have trampled | alamaltamağan bolurlathey must not have trampled |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menmaltarıq bolurmaI must be going to trample | senmaltarıq bolursayou must be going to trample | olmaltarıq bolurhe must be going to trample | bizmaltarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to trample | sizmaltarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to trample | alamaltarıq bolurlathey must be going to trample |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menmaltamazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to trample | senmaltamazlıq bolursayou must not be going to trample | olmaltamazlıq bolurhe must not be going to trample | bizmaltamazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to trample | sizmaltamazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to trample | alamaltamazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to trample |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menmaltayımlet me trample | senmalta!trample! | olmaltasınlet him trample | bizmaltayıqlet's trample | sizmaltağız!trample, you all! | alamaltasınlalet them trample |
| Commands & suggestions | menmaltamayımlet me not trample | senmaltama!don't trample! | olmaltamasınlet him not trample | bizmaltamayıqlet's not trample | sizmaltamağız!don't trample, you all! | alamaltamasınlalet them not trample |
| Commands & suggestions | menmaltayımmı?shall I trample? | olmaltasınmı?should he trample? | bizmaltayıqmı?shall we trample? | alamaltasınlamı?should they trample? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menmaltamayımmı?shall I not trample? | olmaltamasınmı?should he not trample? | bizmaltamayıqmı?shall we not trample? | alamaltamasınlamı?should they not trample? | ||
| Requests | senmaltaçı2maltaçınplease trample | olmaltasınçıdo let him trample | sizmaltaçığızplease trample (plural/polite) | alamaltasınlaçıdo let them trample | ||
| Requests | senmaltamaçı2maltamaçınplease don't trample | olmaltamasınçıdo let him not trample | sizmaltamaçığızplease don't trample (plural/polite) | alamaltamasınlaçıdo let them not trample | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senmaltağınmaltağımay you trample | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senmaltamağınmaltamağımay you not trample | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menmaltağay edim maltağa edimwould that I trampled | senmaltağay ediŋ maltağa ediŋwould that you trampled | olmaltağay edi maltağa ediwould that he trampled | bizmaltağay edik maltağa edikwould that we trampled | sizmaltağay edigiz maltağa edigizwould that you all trampled | alamaltağay edile maltağa edilewould that they trampled |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menmaltamağay edim maltamağa edimwould that I did not trample | senmaltamağay ediŋ maltamağa ediŋwould that you did not trample | olmaltamağay edi maltamağa ediwould that he did not trample | bizmaltamağay edik maltamağa edikwould that we did not trample | sizmaltamağay edigiz maltamağa edigizwould that you all did not trample | alamaltamağay edile maltamağa edilewould that they did not trample |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menmaltamağa qoyayımmaltama qoyayımlet me allow someone to trample | senmaltamağa qoy!maltama qoy!let someone trample! | olmaltamağa qoysunmaltama qoysunlet him allow someone to trample | bizmaltamağa qoyayıqmaltama qoyayıqlet's allow someone to trample | sizmaltamağa qoyuğuz!maltama qoyuğuz!let someone trample, you all! | alamaltamağa qoysunlamaltama qoysunlalet them allow someone to trample |
| Let someone… (commands) | menmaltamağa qoymayımmaltama qoymayımlet me not allow someone to trample | senmaltamağa qoyma!maltama qoyma!don't let someone trample! | olmaltamağa qoymasınmaltama qoymasınlet him not allow someone to trample | bizmaltamağa qoymayıqmaltama qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to trample | sizmaltamağa qoymağız!maltama qoymağız!don't let someone trample, you all! | alamaltamağa qoymasınlamaltama qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to trample |
| Let someone… (commands) | menmaltamağa qoyayımmı?maltama qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to trample? | olmaltamağa qoysunmu?maltama qoysunmu?should he allow someone to trample? | bizmaltamağa qoyayıqmı?maltama qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to trample? | alamaltamağa qoysunlamı?maltama qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to trample? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menmaltamağa qoymayımmı?maltama qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to trample? | olmaltamağa qoymasınmı?maltama qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to trample? | bizmaltamağa qoymayıqmı?maltama qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to trample? | alamaltamağa qoymasınlamı?maltama qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to trample? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menmaltamağa qoyamamaltama qoyamaI allow someone to trample | senmaltamağa qoyasamaltama qoyasayou allow someone to trample | olmaltamağa qoyadımaltama qoyadıhe allows someone to trample | bizmaltamağa qoyabızmaltama qoyabızwe allow someone to trample | sizmaltamağa qoyasızmaltama qoyasızyou all allow someone to trample | alamaltamağa qoyadılamaltama qoyadılathey allow someone to trample |
| Let someone… (present) | menmaltamağa qoymaymamaltama qoymaymaI don't allow someone to trample | senmaltamağa qoymaysamaltama qoymaysayou don't allow someone to trample | olmaltamağa qoymaydımaltama qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to trample | bizmaltamağa qoymaybızmaltama qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to trample | sizmaltamağa qoymaysızmaltama qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to trample | alamaltamağa qoymaydılamaltama qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to trample |
| Let someone… (present) | menmaltamağa qoyamamı?maltama qoyamamı?do I allow someone to trample? | senmaltamağa qoyamısa?maltama qoyamısa?do you allow someone to trample? | olmaltamağa qoyamıdı?maltama qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to trample? | bizmaltamağa qoyabızmı?maltama qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to trample? | sizmaltamağa qoyamısız?maltama qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to trample? | alamaltamağa qoyamıdıla?maltama qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to trample? |
| Let someone… (present) | menmaltamağa qoymaymamı?maltama qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to trample? | senmaltamağa qoymaymısa?maltama qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to trample? | olmaltamağa qoymaymıdı?maltama qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to trample? | bizmaltamağa qoymaybızmı?maltama qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to trample? | sizmaltamağa qoymaymısız?maltama qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to trample? | alamaltamağa qoymaymıdıla?maltama qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to trample? |
| Let someone… (past) | menmaltamağa qoydummaltama qoydumI allowed someone to trample | senmaltamağa qoyduŋmaltama qoyduŋyou allowed someone to trample | olmaltamağa qoydumaltama qoyduhe allowed someone to trample | bizmaltamağa qoyduqmaltama qoyduqwe allowed someone to trample | sizmaltamağa qoyduğuzmaltama qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to trample | alamaltamağa qoydulamaltama qoydulathey allowed someone to trample |
| Let someone… (past) | menmaltamağa qoymadımmaltama qoymadımI didn't allow someone to trample | senmaltamağa qoymadıŋmaltama qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to trample | olmaltamağa qoymadımaltama qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to trample | bizmaltamağa qoymadıqmaltama qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to trample | sizmaltamağa qoymadığızmaltama qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to trample | alamaltamağa qoymadılamaltama qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to trample |
| Let someone… (past) | menmaltamağa qoydummu?maltama qoydummu?did I allow someone to trample? | senmaltamağa qoyduŋmu?maltama qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to trample? | olmaltamağa qoydumu?maltama qoydumu?did he allow someone to trample? | bizmaltamağa qoyduqmu?maltama qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to trample? | sizmaltamağa qoyduğuzmu?maltama qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to trample? | alamaltamağa qoydulamı?maltama qoydulamı?did they allow someone to trample? |
| Let someone… (past) | menmaltamağa qoymadımmı?maltama qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to trample? | senmaltamağa qoymadıŋmı?maltama qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to trample? | olmaltamağa qoymadımı?maltama qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to trample? | bizmaltamağa qoymadıqmı?maltama qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to trample? | sizmaltamağa qoymadığızmı?maltama qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to trample? | alamaltamağa qoymadılamı?maltama qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to trample? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
maltayalırğa be able to trample · maltayalmazğa be unable to trample
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menmaltayalamaI can trample | senmaltayalasayou can trample | olmaltayaladıhe can trample | bizmaltayalabızwe can trample | sizmaltayalasızyou all can trample | alamaltayaladılathey can trample |
| Ability — present | menmaltayalmaymaI can't trample | senmaltayalmaysayou can't trample | olmaltayalmaydıhe can't trample | bizmaltayalmaybızwe can't trample | sizmaltayalmaysızyou all can't trample | alamaltayalmaydılathey can't trample |
| Ability — present | menmaltayalamamı? maltayalamıma?can I trample? | senmaltayalamısa?can you trample? | olmaltayalamıdı?can he trample? | bizmaltayalabızmı? maltayalamıbız?can we trample? | sizmaltayalamısız?can you all trample? | alamaltayalamıdıla?can they trample? |
| Ability — present | menmaltayalmaymamı? maltayalmaymıma?can't I trample? | senmaltayalmaymısa?can't you trample? | olmaltayalmaymıdı?can't he trample? | bizmaltayalmaybızmı? maltayalmaymıbız?can't we trample? | sizmaltayalmaymısız?can't you all trample? | alamaltayalmaymıdıla?can't they trample? |
| Ability — if I can… | menmaltayalsamif I can trample | senmaltayalsaŋif you can trample | olmaltayalsaif he can trample | bizmaltayalsaqif we can trample | sizmaltayalsağızif you all can trample | alamaltayalsalaif they can trample |
| Ability — if I can… | menmaltayalmasamif I can't trample | senmaltayalmasaŋif you can't trample | olmaltayalmasaif he can't trample | bizmaltayalmasaqif we can't trample | sizmaltayalmasağızif you all can't trample | alamaltayalmasalaif they can't trample |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menmaltayaldımI was able to trample | senmaltayaldıŋyou were able to trample | olmaltayaldıhe was able to trample | bizmaltayaldıqwe were able to trample | sizmaltayaldığızyou all were able to trample | alamaltayaldılathey were able to trample |
| Ability — simple past | menmaltayalmadımI could not trample | senmaltayalmadıŋyou could not trample | olmaltayalmadıhe could not trample | bizmaltayalmadıqwe could not trample | sizmaltayalmadığızyou all could not trample | alamaltayalmadılathey could not trample |
| Ability — simple past | menmaltayaldımmı?was I able to trample? | senmaltayaldıŋmı?were you able to trample? | olmaltayaldımı?was he able to trample? | bizmaltayaldıqmı?were we able to trample? | sizmaltayaldığızmı?were you all able to trample? | alamaltayaldılamı?were they able to trample? |
| Ability — simple past | menmaltayalmadımmı?couldn't I trample? | senmaltayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you trample? | olmaltayalmadımı?couldn't he trample? | bizmaltayalmadıqmı?couldn't we trample? | sizmaltayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all trample? | alamaltayalmadılamı?couldn't they trample? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menmaltayalğanmaI have been able to trample | senmaltayalğansayou have been able to trample | olmaltayalğandıhe has been able to trample | bizmaltayalğanbızwe have been able to trample | sizmaltayalğansızyou all have been able to trample | alamaltayalğandılathey have been able to trample |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menmaltayalmağanmaI haven't been able to trample | senmaltayalmağansayou haven't been able to trample | olmaltayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to trample | bizmaltayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to trample | sizmaltayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to trample | alamaltayalmağandılathey haven't been able to trample |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menmaltayalğanmamı? maltayalğanmıma?have I been able to trample? | senmaltayalğanmısa?have you been able to trample? | olmaltayalğanmıdı?has he been able to trample? | bizmaltayalğanbızmı? maltayalğanmıbız?have we been able to trample? | sizmaltayalğanmısız?have you all been able to trample? | alamaltayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to trample? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menmaltayalmağanmamı? maltayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to trample? | senmaltayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to trample? | olmaltayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to trample? | bizmaltayalmağanbızmı? maltayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to trample? | sizmaltayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to trample? | alamaltayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to trample? |
| Ability — past perfect | menmaltayalğan edimmaltayalğanemI had been able to trample | senmaltayalğan ediŋmaltayalğaneŋyou had been able to trample | olmaltayalğan edimaltayalğanedhe had been able to trample | bizmaltayalğan edikmaltayalğanekwe had been able to trample | sizmaltayalğan edigizmaltayalğanegizyou all had been able to trample | alamaltayalğan edilemaltayalğanellethey had been able to trample |
| Ability — past perfect | menmaltayalmağan edimmaltayalmağanemI hadn't been able to trample | senmaltayalmağan ediŋmaltayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to trample | olmaltayalmağan edimaltayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to trample | bizmaltayalmağan edikmaltayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to trample | sizmaltayalmağan edigizmaltayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to trample | alamaltayalmağan edilemaltayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to trample |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menmaltayala edimmaltayalaemI could trample | senmaltayala ediŋmaltayalaeŋyou could trample | olmaltayala edimaltayalaedhe could trample | bizmaltayala edikmaltayalaekwe could trample | sizmaltayala edigizmaltayalaegizyou all could trample | alamaltayala edilemaltayalaellethey could trample |
| Ability — past background | menmaltayalmay edimmaltayalmayemI could not trample | senmaltayalmay ediŋmaltayalmayeŋyou could not trample | olmaltayalmay edimaltayalmayedhe could not trample | bizmaltayalmay edikmaltayalmayekwe could not trample | sizmaltayalmay edigizmaltayalmayegizyou all could not trample | alamaltayalmay edilemaltayalmayellethey could not trample |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menmaltayalırmaI will be able to trample | senmaltayalırsayou will be able to trample | olmaltayalırhe will be able to trample | bizmaltayalırbızwe will be able to trample | sizmaltayalırsızyou all will be able to trample | alamaltayalırlathey will be able to trample |
| Ability — future I | menmaltayalmazmaI won't be able to trample | senmaltayalmazsayou won't be able to trample | olmaltayalmazhe won't be able to trample | bizmaltayalmazbızwe won't be able to trample | sizmaltayalmazsızyou all won't be able to trample | alamaltayalmazlathey won't be able to trample |
| Ability — future I | menmaltayalırmamı? maltayalırmıma?will I be able to trample? | senmaltayalırmısa?will you be able to trample? | olmaltayalırmı?will he be able to trample? | bizmaltayalırbızmı? maltayalırmıbız?will we be able to trample? | sizmaltayalırmısız?will you all be able to trample? | alamaltayalırlamı? maltayalırmıla?will they be able to trample? |
| Ability — future I | menmaltayalmazmamı? maltayalmazmıma?won't I be able to trample? | senmaltayalmazmısa?won't you be able to trample? | olmaltayalmazmı?won't he be able to trample? | bizmaltayalmazbızmı? maltayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to trample? | sizmaltayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to trample? | alamaltayalmazlamı? maltayalmazmıla?won't they be able to trample? |
| Ability — future II | menmaltayallıqmaI am going to be able to trample | senmaltayallıqsayou are going to be able to trample | olmaltayallıqdıhe is going to be able to trample | bizmaltayallıqbızwe are going to be able to trample | sizmaltayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to trample | alamaltayallıqdılathey are going to be able to trample |
| Ability — future II | menmaltayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to trample | senmaltayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to trample | olmaltayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to trample | bizmaltayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to trample | sizmaltayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to trample | alamaltayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to trample |
| Ability — future II | menmaltayallıqmamı? maltayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to trample? | senmaltayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to trample? | olmaltayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to trample? | bizmaltayallıqbızmı? maltayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to trample? | sizmaltayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to trample? | alamaltayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to trample? |
| Ability — future II | menmaltayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to trample? | senmaltayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to trample? | olmaltayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to trample? | bizmaltayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to trample? | sizmaltayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to trample? | alamaltayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to trample? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menmaltayalır edimmaltayalır emI would be able to trample | senmaltayalır ediŋmaltayalır eŋyou would be able to trample | olmaltayalır edimaltayalır edhe would be able to trample | bizmaltayalır edikmaltayalır ekwe would be able to trample | sizmaltayalır edigizmaltayalır egizyou all would be able to trample | alamaltayalır edilemaltayalır ellethey would be able to trample |
| Ability — would be able to… | menmaltayalmaz edimmaltayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to trample | senmaltayalmaz ediŋmaltayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to trample | olmaltayalmaz edimaltayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to trample | bizmaltayalmaz edikmaltayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to trample | sizmaltayalmaz edigizmaltayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to trample | alamaltayalmaz edilemaltayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to trample |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senmaltayalğınmaltayalğımay you be able to trample | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senmaltayalmağınmaltayalmağımay you not be able to trample | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menmaltarğa izleymeI want to trample | senmaltarğa izleyseyou want to trample | olmaltarğa izleydihe wants to trample | bizmaltarğa izleybizwe want to trample | sizmaltarğa izleysizyou all want to trample | alamaltarğa izleydilethey want to trample |
| want to | menmaltarğa izlemeymeI do not want to trample | senmaltarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to trample | olmaltarğa izlemeydihe does not want to trample | bizmaltarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to trample | sizmaltarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to trample | alamaltarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to trample |
| would like to | menmaltarğa süemeI would like to trample | senmaltarğa süeseyou would like to trample | olmaltarğa süedihe would like to trample | bizmaltarğa süebizwe would like to trample | sizmaltarğa süesizyou all would like to trample | alamaltarğa süedilethey would like to trample |
| would like to | menmaltarğa süymeymeI would not like to trample | senmaltarğa süymeyseyou would not like to trample | olmaltarğa süymeydihe would not like to trample | bizmaltarğa süymeybizwe would not like to trample | sizmaltarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to trample | alamaltarğa süymeydilethey would not like to trample |
| hope to | menmaltarğa umutlanamaI hope to trample | senmaltarğa umutlanasayou hope to trample | olmaltarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to trample | bizmaltarğa umutlanabızwe hope to trample | sizmaltarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to trample | alamaltarğa umutlanadılathey hope to trample |
| hope to | menmaltarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to trample | senmaltarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to trample | olmaltarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to trample | bizmaltarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to trample | sizmaltarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to trample | alamaltarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to trample |
| be about to | menmaltarğa deb turamaI am about to trample | senmaltarğa deb turasayou are about to trample | olmaltarğa deb turadıhe is about to trample | bizmaltarğa deb turabızwe are about to trample | sizmaltarğa deb turasızyou all are about to trample | alamaltarğa deb turadılathey are about to trample |
| be about to | menmaltarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to trample | senmaltarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to trample | olmaltarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to trample | bizmaltarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to trample | sizmaltarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to trample | alamaltarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to trample |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menmaltarğa kerekmeI need to trample | senmaltarğa kerekseyou need to trample | olmaltarğa kerekdihe needs to trample | bizmaltarğa kerekbizwe need to trample | sizmaltarğa kereksizyou all need to trample | alamaltarğa kerekdilethey need to trample |
| need to | menmaltarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to trample | senmaltarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to trample | olmaltarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to trample | bizmaltarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to trample | sizmaltarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to trample | alamaltarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to trample |
| have to | menmenŋe maltarğa tüşediI have to trample | sensenŋe maltarğa tüşediyou have to trample | olaŋa maltarğa tüşedihe has to trample | bizbizge maltarğa tüşediwe have to trample | sizsizge maltarğa tüşediyou all have to trample | alaalağa maltarğa tüşedithey have to trample |
| have to | menmenŋe maltarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to trample | sensenŋe maltarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to trample | olaŋa maltarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to trample | bizbizge maltarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to trample | sizsizge maltarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to trample | alaalağa maltarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to trample |
| be obliged to | menmaltarğa borçlumaI am obliged to trample | senmaltarğa borçlusayou are obliged to trample | olmaltarğa borçluduhe is obliged to trample | bizmaltarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to trample | sizmaltarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to trample | alamaltarğa borçludulathey are obliged to trample |
| be obliged to | menmaltarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to trample | senmaltarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to trample | olmaltarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to trample | bizmaltarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to trample | sizmaltarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to trample | alamaltarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to trample |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menmaltarğa madarım bardıI have a way to trample | senmaltarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to trample | olmaltarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to trample | bizmaltarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to trample | sizmaltarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to trample | alamaltarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to trample |
| have a way to | menmaltarğa madarım joqduI have no way to trample | senmaltarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to trample | olmaltarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to trample | bizmaltarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to trample | sizmaltarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to trample | alamaltarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to trample |
| be free to | menmaltarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to trample | senmaltarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to trample | olmaltarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to trample | bizmaltarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to trample | sizmaltarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to trample | alamaltarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to trample |
| be free to | menmaltarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to trample | senmaltarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to trample | olmaltarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to trample | bizmaltarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to trample | sizmaltarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to trample | alamaltarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to trample |
| be possible to | menmenŋe maltarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to trample | sensenŋe maltarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to trample | olaŋa maltarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to trample | bizbizge maltarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to trample | sizsizge maltarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to trample | alaalağa maltarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to trample |
| be possible to | menmenŋe maltarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to trample | sensenŋe maltarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to trample | olaŋa maltarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to trample | bizbizge maltarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to trample | sizsizge maltarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to trample | alaalağa maltarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to trample |
| be ready to | menmaltarğa hazırmaI am ready to trample | senmaltarğa hazırsayou are ready to trample | olmaltarğa hazırdıhe is ready to trample | bizmaltarğa hazırbızwe are ready to trample | sizmaltarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to trample | alamaltarğa hazırdılathey are ready to trample |
| be ready to | menmaltarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to trample | senmaltarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to trample | olmaltarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to trample | bizmaltarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to trample | sizmaltarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to trample | alamaltarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to trample |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menmaltarğa küreşemeI am trying to trample | senmaltarğa küreşeseyou are trying to trample | olmaltarğa küreşedihe is trying to trample | bizmaltarğa küreşebizwe are trying to trample | sizmaltarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to trample | alamaltarğa küreşedilethey are trying to trample |
| try to | menmaltarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to trample | senmaltarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to trample | olmaltarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to trample | bizmaltarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to trample | sizmaltarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to trample | alamaltarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to trample |
| agree to | menmaltarğa unaymaI agree to trample | senmaltarğa unaysayou agree to trample | olmaltarğa unaydıhe agrees to trample | bizmaltarğa unaybızwe agree to trample | sizmaltarğa unaysızyou all agree to trample | alamaltarğa unaydılathey agree to trample |
| agree to | menmaltarğa unamaymaI refuse to trample | senmaltarğa unamaysayou refuse to trample | olmaltarğa unamaydıhe refuses to trample | bizmaltarğa unamaybızwe refuse to trample | sizmaltarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to trample | alamaltarğa unamaydılathey refuse to trample |
| hurry to | menmaltarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to trample | senmaltarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to trample | olmaltarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to trample | bizmaltarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to trample | sizmaltarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to trample | alamaltarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to trample |
| hurry to | menmaltarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to trample | senmaltarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to trample | olmaltarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to trample | bizmaltarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to trample | sizmaltarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to trample | alamaltarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to trample |
| be afraid to | menmaltarğa qorqamaI am afraid to trample | senmaltarğa qorqasayou are afraid to trample | olmaltarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to trample | bizmaltarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to trample | sizmaltarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to trample | alamaltarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to trample |
| be afraid to | menmaltarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to trample | senmaltarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to trample | olmaltarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to trample | bizmaltarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to trample | sizmaltarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to trample | alamaltarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to trample |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menmaltay bolmazmaI can't be trampling | senmaltay bolmazsayou can't be trampling | olmaltay bolmazhe can't be trampling | bizmaltay bolmazbızwe can't be trampling | sizmaltay bolmazsızyou all can't be trampling | alamaltay bolmazlathey can't be trampling |
| Inference, present — double negation | menmaltamay bolmazmaI must be trampling (emphatic) | senmaltamay bolmazsayou must be trampling (emphatic) | olmaltamay bolmazhe must be trampling (emphatic) | bizmaltamay bolmazbızwe must be trampling (emphatic) | sizmaltamay bolmazsızyou all must be trampling (emphatic) | alamaltamay bolmazlathey must be trampling (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menmaltay turmasamif I don't keep trampling | senmaltay turmasaŋif you don't keep trampling | olmaltay turmasaif he doesn't keep trampling | bizmaltay turmasaqif we don't keep trampling | sizmaltay turmasağızif you all don't keep trampling | alamaltay turmasalaif they don't keep trampling |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menmaltay tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of trampling | senmaltay tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of trampling | olmaltay tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of trampling | bizmaltay tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of trampling | sizmaltay tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of trampling | alamaltay tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of trampling |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menmaltamay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not trampling (emphatic) | senmaltamay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not trampling (emphatic) | olmaltamay tura bolmazhe must keep on not trampling (emphatic) | bizmaltamay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not trampling (emphatic) | sizmaltamay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not trampling (emphatic) | alamaltamay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not trampling (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menmaltamay turamaI keep on not trampling | senmaltamay turasayou keep on not trampling | olmaltamay turadıhe keeps on not trampling | bizmaltamay turabızwe keep on not trampling | sizmaltamay turasızyou all keep on not trampling | alamaltamay turadılathey keep on not trampling |
| Progressive — double negation | menmaltamay turmaymaI am not keeping on not trampling | senmaltamay turmaysayou are not keeping on not trampling | olmaltamay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not trampling | bizmaltamay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not trampling | sizmaltamay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not trampling | alamaltamay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not trampling |
| Progressive — double negation | menmaltamay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not trampling? | senmaltamay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not trampling? | olmaltamay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not trampling? | bizmaltamay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not trampling? | sizmaltamay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not trampling? | alamaltamay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not trampling? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menmaltağan bolmazmaI can't have trampled | senmaltağan bolmazsayou can't have trampled | olmaltağan bolmazhe can't have trampled | bizmaltağan bolmazbızwe can't have trampled | sizmaltağan bolmazsızyou all can't have trampled | alamaltağan bolmazlathey can't have trampled |
| Inference — double negation | menmaltamağan bolmazmaI must have trampled (emphatic) | senmaltamağan bolmazsayou must have trampled (emphatic) | olmaltamağan bolmazhe must have trampled (emphatic) | bizmaltamağan bolmazbızwe must have trampled (emphatic) | sizmaltamağan bolmazsızyou all must have trampled (emphatic) | alamaltamağan bolmazlathey must have trampled (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menmaltağan bolmasamif it weren't that I had trampled | senmaltağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had trampled | olmaltağan bolmasaif it weren't that he had trampled | bizmaltağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had trampled | sizmaltağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had trampled | alamaltağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had trampled |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menmaltamağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't trampled | senmaltamağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't trampled | olmaltamağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't trampled | bizmaltamağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't trampled | sizmaltamağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't trampled | alamaltamağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't trampled |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menmaltarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to trample | senmaltarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to trample | olmaltarıq bolmazhe can't be going to trample | bizmaltarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to trample | sizmaltarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to trample | alamaltarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to trample |
| Inference, future — double negation | menmaltamazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to trample (emphatic) | senmaltamazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to trample (emphatic) | olmaltamazlıq bolmazhe must be going to trample (emphatic) | bizmaltamazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to trample (emphatic) | sizmaltamazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to trample (emphatic) | alamaltamazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to trample (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menmaltarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to trample | senmaltarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to trample | olmaltarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to trample | bizmaltarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to trample | sizmaltarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to trample | alamaltarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to trample |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menmaltamazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to trample | senmaltamazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to trample | olmaltamazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to trample | bizmaltamazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to trample | sizmaltamazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to trample | alamaltamazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to trample |