tayanırğa
/tajanɯrʁa/
Balkar spelling: tiyanırğa
1. lean on, lean against, rest against
- qabırğağa tayanırğa — to lean against the wall
- tayaqğa tayanırğa — to lean on a stick
- ol qabırğağa tayanıb turadı — he is leaning against the wall
- terekge tayan — lean against the tree
- tal tayaqğa tayanma — don't lean on a willow stick
- şindikni sırtına tayanırğa — to lean back against the back of a chair
2. lie down, recline — Said of lying down for a while to rest or sleep.
- orunduqğa tayanırğa — to lie down on the bed
- divanŋa tayan — lie down on the sofa
- divanŋa bir kesek tayanayım — let me lie down on the sofa for a bit
- divanŋa tayandı — he lay down on the sofa
- qart orunduqğa tayanıb turadı — the old man is lying on the bed
- orunduqda tayanırğa — to lie on the bed
3. climb, go up
- tawğa tayanırğa — to climb up the mountain
- biz tawğa tayandıq — we climbed the mountain
- jolowçula tawğa tayandıla — the travelers climbed the mountain
- ol tawğa tayana edi — he was climbing the mountain
4. rely on, be based on
- halqğa tayanırğa — to rely on the people
- biz sizge tayanabız — we rely on you
- men senŋe tayanama — I rely on you
- ilmuğa tayan — rely on science
- halqğa tayanmağan politika jürümez — a policy that does not rely on the people will not work
- teoriyağa tayanırğa — to be based on the theory
5. endure, go through (hardship) — The hardship can also be the subject, with the people who suffer it in the dative: halqıbızğa köçgünçülük tayanŋan edi "exile befell our people".
- halqıbızğa köçgünçülük tayanŋan edi — exile had befallen our people
- sen tayanmağan qıyınlıq qalmadı — there is no hardship you have not gone through
- qıyınlıq tayanŋanda da — even when hardship befell them
6. reach exhaustion, be near death — Usually said with amanŋa, ölürge or qarıwsuzğa.
- amanŋa tayanırğa — to reach exhaustion
- atası qarıwsuzğa tayanıb turğanın köredi — she sees that her father has reached exhaustion
Expressions
- awar taşha tayanma — don't trust the unreliable; don't chase the impossible
- but borbayğa tayanırğa — grow old and frail
- sen tayanŋan qaya awar — good-for-nothing
- tayanır taşı — source of support
Conjugation
Common forms
- tayanadıhe is leaning
- tayandıhe leaned
- tayanŋandıhe has leaned
- tayanırhe will lean
- tayannıqdıhe is going to lean
- tayana edihe was leaning
- tayansaif he leans
- tayan!lean!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentayanamaI am leaning | sentayanasayou are leaning | oltayanadıhe is leaning | biztayanabızwe are leaning | siztayanasızyou all are leaning | alatayanadılathey are leaning |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentayanmaymaI am not leaning | sentayanmaysayou are not leaning | oltayanmaydıhe is not leaning | biztayanmaybızwe are not leaning | siztayanmaysızyou all are not leaning | alatayanmaydılathey are not leaning |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentayanamamı? tayanamıma?am I leaning? | sentayanamısa?are you leaning? | oltayanamıdı?is he leaning? | biztayanabızmı? tayanamıbız?are we leaning? | siztayanamısız?are you all leaning? | alatayanamıdıla?are they leaning? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentayanmaymamı? tayanmaymıma?aren't I leaning? | sentayanmaymısa?aren't you leaning? | oltayanmaymıdı?isn't he leaning? | biztayanmaybızmı? tayanmaymıbız?aren't we leaning? | siztayanmaymısız?aren't you all leaning? | alatayanmaymıdıla?aren't they leaning? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentayanıwçanmaI usually lean | sentayanıwçansayou usually lean | oltayanıwçandıhe usually leans | biztayanıwçanbızwe usually lean | siztayanıwçansızyou all usually lean | alatayanıwçandılathey usually lean |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentayanmawçanmaI usually don't lean | sentayanmawçansayou usually don't lean | oltayanmawçandıhe usually doesn't lean | biztayanmawçanbızwe usually don't lean | siztayanmawçansızyou all usually don't lean | alatayanmawçandılathey usually don't lean |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentayanıwçanmamı? tayanıwçanmıma?do I usually lean? | sentayanıwçanmısa?do you usually lean? | oltayanıwçanmıdı?does he usually lean? | biztayanıwçanbızmı? tayanıwçanmıbız?do we usually lean? | siztayanıwçanmısız?do you all usually lean? | alatayanıwçanmıdıla?do they usually lean? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentayanmawçanmamı? tayanmawçanmıma?do I usually not lean? | sentayanmawçanmısa?do you usually not lean? | oltayanmawçanmıdı?does he usually not lean? | biztayanmawçanbızmı? tayanmawçanmıbız?do we usually not lean? | siztayanmawçanmısız?do you all usually not lean? | alatayanmawçanmıdıla?do they usually not lean? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oltayanıbdıhe has leaned and remains so | alatayanıbdılathey have leaned and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oltayanıbmıdı?has he leaned? | alatayanıbmıdıla?have they leaned? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentayanıb turamaI keep leaning | sentayanıb turasayou keep leaning | oltayanıb turadıhe keeps leaning | biztayanıb turabızwe keep leaning | siztayanıb turasızyou all keep leaning | alatayanıb turadılathey keep leaning |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentayanıb turmaymaI don't keep leaning | sentayanıb turmaysayou don't keep leaning | oltayanıb turmaydıhe doesn't keep leaning | biztayanıb turmaybızwe don't keep leaning | siztayanıb turmaysızyou all don't keep leaning | alatayanıb turmaydılathey don't keep leaning |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentayanıb turamamı? tayanıb turamıma?do I keep leaning? | sentayanıb turamısa?do you keep leaning? | oltayanıb turamıdı?does he keep leaning? | biztayanıb turabızmı? tayanıb turamıbız?do we keep leaning? | siztayanıb turamısız?do you all keep leaning? | alatayanıb turamıdıla?do they keep leaning? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentayanıb turmaymamı? tayanıb turmaymıma?don't I keep leaning? | sentayanıb turmaymısa?don't you keep leaning? | oltayanıb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep leaning? | biztayanıb turmaybızmı? tayanıb turmaymıbız?don't we keep leaning? | siztayanıb turmaymısız?don't you all keep leaning? | alatayanıb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep leaning? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentayana turamaI am in the middle of leaning | sentayana turasayou are in the middle of leaning | oltayana turadıhe is in the middle of leaning | biztayana turabızwe are in the middle of leaning | siztayana turasızyou all are in the middle of leaning | alatayana turadılathey are in the middle of leaning |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentayana turmaymaI am not in the middle of leaning | sentayana turmaysayou are not in the middle of leaning | oltayana turmaydıhe is not in the middle of leaning | biztayana turmaybızwe are not in the middle of leaning | siztayana turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of leaning | alatayana turmaydılathey are not in the middle of leaning |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentayana turamamı? tayana turamıma?am I in the middle of leaning? | sentayana turamısa?are you in the middle of leaning? | oltayana turamıdı?is he in the middle of leaning? | biztayana turabızmı? tayana turamıbız?are we in the middle of leaning? | siztayana turamısız?are you all in the middle of leaning? | alatayana turamıdıla?are they in the middle of leaning? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentayana turmaymamı? tayana turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of leaning? | sentayana turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of leaning? | oltayana turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of leaning? | biztayana turmaybızmı? tayana turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of leaning? | siztayana turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of leaning? | alatayana turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of leaning? |
| Simple past (definite) | mentayandımI leaned | sentayandıŋyou leaned | oltayandıhe leaned | biztayandıqwe leaned | siztayandığızyou all leaned | alatayandılathey leaned |
| Simple past (definite) | mentayanmadımI didn't lean | sentayanmadıŋyou didn't lean | oltayanmadıhe didn't lean | biztayanmadıqwe didn't lean | siztayanmadığızyou all didn't lean | alatayanmadılathey didn't lean |
| Simple past (definite) | mentayandımmı?did I lean? | sentayandıŋmı?did you lean? | oltayandımı?did he lean? | biztayandıqmı?did we lean? | siztayandığızmı?did you all lean? | alatayandılamı?did they lean? |
| Simple past (definite) | mentayanmadımmı?didn't I lean? | sentayanmadıŋmı?didn't you lean? | oltayanmadımı?didn't he lean? | biztayanmadıqmı?didn't we lean? | siztayanmadığızmı?didn't you all lean? | alatayanmadılamı?didn't they lean? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentayanŋanmaI have leaned | sentayanŋansayou have leaned | oltayanŋandıhe has leaned | biztayanŋanbızwe have leaned | siztayanŋansızyou all have leaned | alatayanŋandılathey have leaned |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentayanmağanmaI haven't leaned | sentayanmağansayou haven't leaned | oltayanmağandıhe hasn't leaned | biztayanmağanbızwe haven't leaned | siztayanmağansızyou all haven't leaned | alatayanmağandılathey haven't leaned |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentayanŋanmamı? tayanŋanmıma?have I leaned? | sentayanŋanmısa?have you leaned? | oltayanŋanmıdı?has he leaned? | biztayanŋanbızmı? tayanŋanmıbız?have we leaned? | siztayanŋanmısız?have you all leaned? | alatayanŋanmıdıla?have they leaned? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentayanmağanmamı? tayanmağanmıma?haven't I leaned? | sentayanmağanmısa?haven't you leaned? | oltayanmağanmıdı?hasn't he leaned? | biztayanmağanbızmı? tayanmağanmıbız?haven't we leaned? | siztayanmağanmısız?haven't you all leaned? | alatayanmağanmıdıla?haven't they leaned? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mentayanıb turdumI kept leaning | sentayanıb turduŋyou kept leaning | oltayanıb turduhe kept leaning | biztayanıb turduqwe kept leaning | siztayanıb turduğuzyou all kept leaning | alatayanıb turdulathey kept leaning |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mentayanıb turmadımI didn't keep leaning | sentayanıb turmadıŋyou didn't keep leaning | oltayanıb turmadıhe didn't keep leaning | biztayanıb turmadıqwe didn't keep leaning | siztayanıb turmadığızyou all didn't keep leaning | alatayanıb turmadılathey didn't keep leaning |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentayanırmaI will lean | sentayanırsayou will lean | oltayanırhe will lean | biztayanırbızwe will lean | siztayanırsızyou all will lean | alatayanırlathey will lean |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentayanmazmaI won't lean | sentayanmazsayou won't lean | oltayanmazhe won't lean | biztayanmazbızwe won't lean | siztayanmazsızyou all won't lean | alatayanmazlathey won't lean |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentayanırmamı? tayanırmıma?will I lean? | sentayanırmısa?will you lean? | oltayanırmı?will he lean? | biztayanırbızmı? tayanırmıbız?will we lean? | siztayanırmısız?will you all lean? | alatayanırlamı? tayanırmıla?will they lean? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentayanmazmamı? tayanmazmıma?won't I lean? | sentayanmazmısa?won't you lean? | oltayanmazmı?won't he lean? | biztayanmazbızmı? tayanmazmıbız?won't we lean? | siztayanmazmısız?won't you all lean? | alatayanmazlamı? tayanmazmıla?won't they lean? |
| Definite future (future II) | mentayannıqma1tayanırıqmaI am going to lean | sentayannıqsa1tayanırıqsayou are going to lean | oltayannıqdı1tayanırıqdıhe is going to lean | biztayannıqbız1tayanırıqbızwe are going to lean | siztayannıqsız1tayanırıqsızyou all are going to lean | alatayannıqdıla1tayanırıqdılathey are going to lean |
| Definite future (future II) | mentayannıq tülme1tayanırıq tülmeI am not going to lean | sentayannıq tülse1tayanırıq tülseyou are not going to lean | oltayannıq tüldü1tayanırıq tüldühe is not going to lean | biztayannıq tülbüz1tayanırıq tülbüzwe are not going to lean | siztayannıq tülsüz1tayanırıq tülsüzyou all are not going to lean | alatayannıq tüldüle1tayanırıq tüldülethey are not going to lean |
| Definite future (future II) | mentayannıqmamı?1 tayannıqmıma?tayanırıqmamı?am I going to lean? | sentayannıqmısa?1tayanırıqmısa?are you going to lean? | oltayannıqmıdı?1tayanırıqmıdı?is he going to lean? | biztayannıqbızmı?1 tayannıqmıbız?tayanırıqbızmı?are we going to lean? | siztayannıqmısız?1tayanırıqmısız?are you all going to lean? | alatayannıqmıdıla?1tayanırıqmıdıla?are they going to lean? |
| Definite future (future II) | mentayannıq tülmüme?1tayanırıq tülmüme?aren't I going to lean? | sentayannıq tülmüse?1tayanırıq tülmüse?aren't you going to lean? | oltayannıq tülmüdü?1tayanırıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to lean? | biztayannıq tülmübüz?1tayanırıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to lean? | siztayannıq tülmüsüz?1tayanırıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to lean? | alatayannıq tülmüdüle?1tayanırıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to lean? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Definite future (future II)full form: after n the ending contracts to -nıq/-nik, and the full -ırıq/-irik is also written, so tayanırıqdı
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mentayanŋan edimtayanŋanemI had leaned | sentayanŋan ediŋtayanŋaneŋyou had leaned | oltayanŋan editayanŋanedhe had leaned | biztayanŋan ediktayanŋanekwe had leaned | siztayanŋan edigiztayanŋanegizyou all had leaned | alatayanŋan ediletayanŋanellethey had leaned |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mentayanmağan edimtayanmağanemI hadn't leaned | sentayanmağan ediŋtayanmağaneŋyou hadn't leaned | oltayanmağan editayanmağanedhe hadn't leaned | biztayanmağan ediktayanmağanekwe hadn't leaned | siztayanmağan edigiztayanmağanegizyou all hadn't leaned | alatayanmağan ediletayanmağanellethey hadn't leaned |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mentayana edimtayanaemI was leaning | sentayana ediŋtayanaeŋyou were leaning | oltayana editayanaedhe was leaning | biztayana ediktayanaekwe were leaning | siztayana edigiztayanaegizyou all were leaning | alatayana ediletayanaellethey were leaning |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mentayanmay edimtayanmayemI wasn't leaning | sentayanmay ediŋtayanmayeŋyou weren't leaning | oltayanmay editayanmayedhe wasn't leaning | biztayanmay ediktayanmayekwe weren't leaning | siztayanmay edigiztayanmayegizyou all weren't leaning | alatayanmay ediletayanmayellethey weren't leaning |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | mentayanıwçan edimtayanıwçanemI used to lean | sentayanıwçan ediŋtayanıwçaneŋyou used to lean | oltayanıwçan editayanıwçanedhe used to lean | biztayanıwçan ediktayanıwçanekwe used to lean | siztayanıwçan edigiztayanıwçanegizyou all used to lean | alatayanıwçan ediletayanıwçanellethey used to lean |
| Habitual past (used to) | mentayanmawçan edimtayanmawçanemI didn't use to lean | sentayanmawçan ediŋtayanmawçaneŋyou didn't use to lean | oltayanmawçan editayanmawçanedhe didn't use to lean | biztayanmawçan ediktayanmawçanekwe didn't use to lean | siztayanmawçan edigiztayanmawçanegizyou all didn't use to lean | alatayanmawçan ediletayanmawçanellethey didn't use to lean |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oltayanıb edihe had leaned and remained so | alatayanıb edilethey had leaned and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oltayanıb tül edihe hadn't leaned | alatayanıb tül edilethey hadn't leaned | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mentayanıb tura edimtayanıb turaemI had kept leaning | sentayanıb tura ediŋtayanıb turaeŋyou had kept leaning | oltayanıb tura editayanıb turaedhe had kept leaning | biztayanıb tura ediktayanıb turaekwe had kept leaning | siztayanıb tura edigiztayanıb turaegizyou all had kept leaning | alatayanıb tura ediletayanıb turaellethey had kept leaning |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mentayanıb turmay edimtayanıb turmayemI hadn't kept leaning | sentayanıb turmay ediŋtayanıb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept leaning | oltayanıb turmay editayanıb turmayedhe hadn't kept leaning | biztayanıb turmay ediktayanıb turmayekwe hadn't kept leaning | siztayanıb turmay edigiztayanıb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept leaning | alatayanıb turmay ediletayanıb turmayellethey hadn't kept leaning |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mentayana tura edimtayana turaemI was in the middle of leaning | sentayana tura ediŋtayana turaeŋyou were in the middle of leaning | oltayana tura editayana turaedhe was in the middle of leaning | biztayana tura ediktayana turaekwe were in the middle of leaning | siztayana tura edigiztayana turaegizyou all were in the middle of leaning | alatayana tura ediletayana turaellethey were in the middle of leaning |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mentayana turmay edimtayana turmayemI wasn't in the middle of leaning | sentayana turmay ediŋtayana turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of leaning | oltayana turmay editayana turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of leaning | biztayana turmay ediktayana turmayekwe weren't in the middle of leaning | siztayana turmay edigiztayana turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of leaning | alatayana turmay ediletayana turmayellethey weren't in the middle of leaning |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | mentayanır edimtayanır emI would lean | sentayanır ediŋtayanır eŋyou would lean | oltayanır editayanır edhe would lean | biztayanır ediktayanır ekwe would lean | siztayanır edigiztayanır egizyou all would lean | alatayanır ediletayanır ellethey would lean |
| Conditional result (would) | mentayanmaz edimtayanmaz emI wouldn't lean | sentayanmaz ediŋtayanmaz eŋyou wouldn't lean | oltayanmaz editayanmaz edhe wouldn't lean | biztayanmaz ediktayanmaz ekwe wouldn't lean | siztayanmaz edigiztayanmaz egizyou all wouldn't lean | alatayanmaz ediletayanmaz ellethey wouldn't lean |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | mentayannıq edim2tayannıq emtayanırıq edimI would have leaned | sentayannıq ediŋ2tayannıq eŋtayanırıq ediŋyou would have leaned | oltayannıq edi2tayannıq edtayanırıq edihe would have leaned | biztayannıq edik2tayannıq ektayanırıq edikwe would have leaned | siztayannıq edigiz2tayannıq egiztayanırıq edigizyou all would have leaned | alatayannıq edile2tayannıq elletayanırıq edilethey would have leaned |
| Past conditional result (would have) | mentayannıq tül edim2tayannıq tül emtayanırıq tül edimI wouldn't have leaned | sentayannıq tül ediŋ2tayannıq tül eŋtayanırıq tül ediŋyou wouldn't have leaned | oltayannıq tül edi2tayannıq tül edtayanırıq tül edihe wouldn't have leaned | biztayannıq tül edik2tayannıq tül ektayanırıq tül edikwe wouldn't have leaned | siztayannıq tül edigiz2tayannıq tül egiztayanırıq tül edigizyou all wouldn't have leaned | alatayannıq tül edile2tayannıq tül elletayanırıq tül edilethey wouldn't have leaned |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
- Past conditional result (would have)full form: after n the ending contracts to -nıq/-nik, and the full -ırıq/-irik is also written, so tayanırıq edi
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | mentayansamif I lean | sentayansaŋif you lean | oltayansaif he leans | biztayansaqif we lean | siztayansağızif you all lean | alatayansalaif they lean |
| Conditional | mentayanmasamif I don't lean | sentayanmasaŋif you don't lean | oltayanmasaif he doesn't lean | biztayanmasaqif we don't lean | siztayanmasağızif you all don't lean | alatayanmasalaif they don't lean |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | mentayana esemif I am leaning | sentayana eseŋif you are leaning | oltayana eseif he is leaning | biztayana esekif we are leaning | siztayana esegizif you all are leaning | alatayana eseleif they are leaning |
| Conditional, present real | mentayanmay esemif I am not leaning | sentayanmay eseŋif you are not leaning | oltayanmay eseif he is not leaning | biztayanmay esekif we are not leaning | siztayanmay esegizif you all are not leaning | alatayanmay eseleif they are not leaning |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mentayansam editayansam edif only I leaned | sentayansaŋ editayansaŋ edif only you leaned | oltayansa editayansaedif only he leaned | biztayansaq editayansaq edif only we leaned | siztayansağız editayansağız edif only you all leaned | alatayansala editayansalaedif only they leaned |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mentayanmasam editayanmasam edif only I didn't lean | sentayanmasaŋ editayanmasaŋ edif only you didn't lean | oltayanmasa editayanmasaedif only he didn't lean | biztayanmasaq editayanmasaq edif only we didn't lean | siztayanmasağız editayanmasağız edif only you all didn't lean | alatayanmasala editayanmasalaedif only they didn't lean |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | mentayanıb tursamif I carry on leaning | sentayanıb tursaŋif you carry on leaning | oltayanıb tursaif he carries on leaning | biztayanıb tursaqif we carry on leaning | siztayanıb tursağızif you all carry on leaning | alatayanıb tursalaif they carry on leaning |
| Durative conditional | mentayanıb turmasamif I don't carry on leaning | sentayanıb turmasaŋif you don't carry on leaning | oltayanıb turmasaif he doesn't carry on leaning | biztayanıb turmasaqif we don't carry on leaning | siztayanıb turmasağızif you all don't carry on leaning | alatayanıb turmasalaif they don't carry on leaning |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | mentayanıb tura esemif I have kept leaning | sentayanıb tura eseŋif you have kept leaning | oltayanıb tura eseif he has kept leaning | biztayanıb tura esekif we have kept leaning | siztayanıb tura esegizif you all have kept leaning | alatayanıb tura eseleif they have kept leaning |
| Durative conditional, present real | mentayanıb turmay esemif I haven't kept leaning | sentayanıb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept leaning | oltayanıb turmay eseif he hasn't kept leaning | biztayanıb turmay esekif we haven't kept leaning | siztayanıb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept leaning | alatayanıb turmay eseleif they haven't kept leaning |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | mentayana tursamif I keep leaning | sentayana tursaŋif you keep leaning | oltayana tursaif he keeps leaning | biztayana tursaqif we keep leaning | siztayana tursağızif you all keep leaning | alatayana tursalaif they keep leaning |
| Progressive conditional | mentayanmay tursamif I keep on not leaning | sentayanmay tursaŋif you keep on not leaning | oltayanmay tursaif he keeps on not leaning | biztayanmay tursaqif we keep on not leaning | siztayanmay tursağızif you all keep on not leaning | alatayanmay tursalaif they keep on not leaning |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | mentayana tura esemif I am in the middle of leaning | sentayana tura eseŋif you are in the middle of leaning | oltayana tura eseif he is in the middle of leaning | biztayana tura esekif we are in the middle of leaning | siztayana tura esegizif you all are in the middle of leaning | alatayana tura eseleif they are in the middle of leaning |
| Progressive conditional, present real | mentayanmay tura esemif I keep on not leaning | sentayanmay tura eseŋif you keep on not leaning | oltayanmay tura eseif he keeps on not leaning | biztayanmay tura esekif we keep on not leaning | siztayanmay tura esegizif you all keep on not leaning | alatayanmay tura eseleif they keep on not leaning |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past3 | mentayandım esemif I leaned | sentayandıŋ eseŋif you leaned | oltayandı eseif he leaned | biztayandıq esekif we leaned | siztayandığız esegizif you all leaned | alatayandıla eseleif they leaned |
| Conditional, definite past3 | mentayanmadım esemif I didn't lean | sentayanmadıŋ eseŋif you didn't lean | oltayanmadı eseif he didn't lean | biztayanmadıq esekif we didn't lean | siztayanmadığız esegizif you all didn't lean | alatayanmadıla eseleif they didn't lean |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | mentayanŋan esemif I did lean (indeed) | sentayanŋan eseŋif you did lean (indeed) | oltayanŋan eseif he did lean (indeed) | biztayanŋan esekif we did lean (indeed) | siztayanŋan esegizif you all did lean (indeed) | alatayanŋan eseleif they did lean (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | mentayanmağan esemif I didn't lean (indeed) | sentayanmağan eseŋif you didn't lean (indeed) | oltayanmağan eseif he didn't lean (indeed) | biztayanmağan esekif we didn't lean (indeed) | siztayanmağan esegizif you all didn't lean (indeed) | alatayanmağan eseleif they didn't lean (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | mentayanŋan bolsamif I had leaned | sentayanŋan bolsaŋif you had leaned | oltayanŋan bolsaif he had leaned | biztayanŋan bolsaqif we had leaned | siztayanŋan bolsağızif you all had leaned | alatayanŋan bolsalaif they had leaned |
| Conditional, counterfactual | mentayanmağan bolsamif I hadn't leaned | sentayanmağan bolsaŋif you hadn't leaned | oltayanmağan bolsaif he hadn't leaned | biztayanmağan bolsaqif we hadn't leaned | siztayanmağan bolsağızif you all hadn't leaned | alatayanmağan bolsalaif they hadn't leaned |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mentayanŋan bolsam editayanŋan bolsam edif only I had leaned | sentayanŋan bolsaŋ editayanŋan bolsaŋ edif only you had leaned | oltayanŋan bolsa editayanŋan bolsaedif only he had leaned | biztayanŋan bolsaq editayanŋan bolsaq edif only we had leaned | siztayanŋan bolsağız editayanŋan bolsağız edif only you all had leaned | alatayanŋan bolsala editayanŋan bolsalaedif only they had leaned |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mentayanmağan bolsam editayanmağan bolsam edif only I hadn't leaned | sentayanmağan bolsaŋ editayanmağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't leaned | oltayanmağan bolsa editayanmağan bolsaedif only he hadn't leaned | biztayanmağan bolsaq editayanmağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't leaned | siztayanmağan bolsağız editayanmağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't leaned | alatayanmağan bolsala editayanmağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't leaned |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | mentayanır esemif I will lean | sentayanır eseŋif you will lean | oltayanır eseif he will lean | biztayanır esekif we will lean | siztayanır esegizif you all will lean | alatayanır eseleif they will lean |
| Conditional, aorist | mentayanmaz esemif I won't lean | sentayanmaz eseŋif you won't lean | oltayanmaz eseif he won't lean | biztayanmaz esekif we won't lean | siztayanmaz esegizif you all won't lean | alatayanmaz eseleif they won't lean |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | mentayannıq esem4tayanırıq esemif I am going to lean | sentayannıq eseŋ4tayanırıq eseŋif you are going to lean | oltayannıq ese4tayanırıq eseif he is going to lean | biztayannıq esek4tayanırıq esekif we are going to lean | siztayannıq esegiz4tayanırıq esegizif you all are going to lean | alatayannıq esele4tayanırıq eseleif they are going to lean |
| Conditional, future | mentayannıq tül esem4tayanırıq tül esemif I am not going to lean | sentayannıq tül eseŋ4tayanırıq tül eseŋif you are not going to lean | oltayannıq tül ese4tayanırıq tül eseif he is not going to lean | biztayannıq tül esek4tayanırıq tül esekif we are not going to lean | siztayannıq tül esegiz4tayanırıq tül esegizif you all are not going to lean | alatayannıq tül esele4tayanırıq tül eseleif they are not going to lean |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mentayannıq bolsam5tayanırıq bolsamif I were going to lean | sentayannıq bolsaŋ5tayanırıq bolsaŋif you were going to lean | oltayannıq bolsa5tayanırıq bolsaif he were going to lean | biztayannıq bolsaq5tayanırıq bolsaqif we were going to lean | siztayannıq bolsağız5tayanırıq bolsağızif you all were going to lean | alatayannıq bolsala5tayanırıq bolsalaif they were going to lean |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mentayanmazlıq bolsamif I were not going to lean | sentayanmazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to lean | oltayanmazlıq bolsaif he were not going to lean | biztayanmazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to lean | siztayanmazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to lean | alatayanmazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to lean |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso tayandıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
- Conditional, futurefull form: after n the ending contracts to -nıq/-nik, and the full -ırıq/-irik is also written, so tayanırıq ese
- Conditional, counterfactual futurefull form: after n the ending contracts to -nıq/-nik, and the full -ırıq/-irik is also written, so tayanırıq bolsa
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mentayana bolurmaI must be leaning | sentayana bolursayou must be leaning | oltayana bolurhe must be leaning | biztayana bolurbuzwe must be leaning | siztayana bolursuzyou all must be leaning | alatayana bolurlathey must be leaning |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mentayanmay bolurmaI must not be leaning | sentayanmay bolursayou must not be leaning | oltayanmay bolurhe must not be leaning | biztayanmay bolurbuzwe must not be leaning | siztayanmay bolursuzyou all must not be leaning | alatayanmay bolurlathey must not be leaning |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mentayana tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of leaning | sentayana tura bolursayou must be in the middle of leaning | oltayana tura bolurhe must be in the middle of leaning | biztayana tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of leaning | siztayana tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of leaning | alatayana tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of leaning |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mentayanmay tura bolurmaI must keep on not leaning | sentayanmay tura bolursayou must keep on not leaning | oltayanmay tura bolurhe must keep on not leaning | biztayanmay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not leaning | siztayanmay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not leaning | alatayanmay tura bolurlathey must keep on not leaning |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | mentayanŋan bolurmaI must have leaned | sentayanŋan bolursayou must have leaned | oltayanŋan bolurhe must have leaned | biztayanŋan bolurbuzwe must have leaned | siztayanŋan bolursuzyou all must have leaned | alatayanŋan bolurlathey must have leaned |
| Inference (must have) | mentayanmağan bolurmaI must not have leaned | sentayanmağan bolursayou must not have leaned | oltayanmağan bolurhe must not have leaned | biztayanmağan bolurbuzwe must not have leaned | siztayanmağan bolursuzyou all must not have leaned | alatayanmağan bolurlathey must not have leaned |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mentayannıq bolurma6tayanırıq bolurmaI must be going to lean | sentayannıq bolursa6tayanırıq bolursayou must be going to lean | oltayannıq bolur6tayanırıq bolurhe must be going to lean | biztayannıq bolurbuz6tayanırıq bolurbuzwe must be going to lean | siztayannıq bolursuz6tayanırıq bolursuzyou all must be going to lean | alatayannıq bolurla6tayanırıq bolurlathey must be going to lean |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mentayanmazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to lean | sentayanmazlıq bolursayou must not be going to lean | oltayanmazlıq bolurhe must not be going to lean | biztayanmazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to lean | siztayanmazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to lean | alatayanmazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to lean |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Inference, future (must be going to)full form: after n the ending contracts to -nıq/-nik, and the full -ırıq/-irik is also written, so tayanırıq bolur
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | mentayanayımlet me lean | sentayan!lean! | oltayansınlet him lean | biztayanayıqlet's lean | siztayanığız!lean, you all! | alatayansınlalet them lean |
| Commands & suggestions | mentayanmayımlet me not lean | sentayanma!don't lean! | oltayanmasınlet him not lean | biztayanmayıqlet's not lean | siztayanmağız!don't lean, you all! | alatayanmasınlalet them not lean |
| Commands & suggestions | mentayanayımmı?shall I lean? | oltayansınmı?should he lean? | biztayanayıqmı?shall we lean? | alatayansınlamı?should they lean? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | mentayanmayımmı?shall I not lean? | oltayanmasınmı?should he not lean? | biztayanmayıqmı?shall we not lean? | alatayanmasınlamı?should they not lean? | ||
| Requests | sentayançı7tayançınplease lean | oltayansınçıdo let him lean | siztayançığızplease lean (plural/polite) | alatayansınlaçıdo let them lean | ||
| Requests | sentayanmaçı7tayanmaçınplease don't lean | oltayanmasınçıdo let him not lean | siztayanmaçığızplease don't lean (plural/polite) | alatayanmasınlaçıdo let them not lean | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sentayanŋıntayanŋımay you lean | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sentayanmağıntayanmağımay you not lean | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mentayanŋay edim tayanŋa edimwould that I leaned | sentayanŋay ediŋ tayanŋa ediŋwould that you leaned | oltayanŋay edi tayanŋa ediwould that he leaned | biztayanŋay edik tayanŋa edikwould that we leaned | siztayanŋay edigiz tayanŋa edigizwould that you all leaned | alatayanŋay edile tayanŋa edilewould that they leaned |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mentayanmağay edim tayanmağa edimwould that I did not lean | sentayanmağay ediŋ tayanmağa ediŋwould that you did not lean | oltayanmağay edi tayanmağa ediwould that he did not lean | biztayanmağay edik tayanmağa edikwould that we did not lean | siztayanmağay edigiz tayanmağa edigizwould that you all did not lean | alatayanmağay edile tayanmağa edilewould that they did not lean |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | mentayanmağa qoyayımtayanma qoyayımlet me allow someone to lean | sentayanmağa qoy!tayanma qoy!let someone lean! | oltayanmağa qoysuntayanma qoysunlet him allow someone to lean | biztayanmağa qoyayıqtayanma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to lean | siztayanmağa qoyuğuz!tayanma qoyuğuz!let someone lean, you all! | alatayanmağa qoysunlatayanma qoysunlalet them allow someone to lean |
| Let someone… (commands) | mentayanmağa qoymayımtayanma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to lean | sentayanmağa qoyma!tayanma qoyma!don't let someone lean! | oltayanmağa qoymasıntayanma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to lean | biztayanmağa qoymayıqtayanma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to lean | siztayanmağa qoymağız!tayanma qoymağız!don't let someone lean, you all! | alatayanmağa qoymasınlatayanma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to lean |
| Let someone… (commands) | mentayanmağa qoyayımmı?tayanma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to lean? | oltayanmağa qoysunmu?tayanma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to lean? | biztayanmağa qoyayıqmı?tayanma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to lean? | alatayanmağa qoysunlamı?tayanma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to lean? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | mentayanmağa qoymayımmı?tayanma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to lean? | oltayanmağa qoymasınmı?tayanma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to lean? | biztayanmağa qoymayıqmı?tayanma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to lean? | alatayanmağa qoymasınlamı?tayanma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to lean? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | mentayanmağa qoyamatayanma qoyamaI allow someone to lean | sentayanmağa qoyasatayanma qoyasayou allow someone to lean | oltayanmağa qoyadıtayanma qoyadıhe allows someone to lean | biztayanmağa qoyabıztayanma qoyabızwe allow someone to lean | siztayanmağa qoyasıztayanma qoyasızyou all allow someone to lean | alatayanmağa qoyadılatayanma qoyadılathey allow someone to lean |
| Let someone… (present) | mentayanmağa qoymaymatayanma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to lean | sentayanmağa qoymaysatayanma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to lean | oltayanmağa qoymaydıtayanma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to lean | biztayanmağa qoymaybıztayanma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to lean | siztayanmağa qoymaysıztayanma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to lean | alatayanmağa qoymaydılatayanma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to lean |
| Let someone… (present) | mentayanmağa qoyamamı?tayanma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to lean? | sentayanmağa qoyamısa?tayanma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to lean? | oltayanmağa qoyamıdı?tayanma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to lean? | biztayanmağa qoyabızmı?tayanma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to lean? | siztayanmağa qoyamısız?tayanma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to lean? | alatayanmağa qoyamıdıla?tayanma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to lean? |
| Let someone… (present) | mentayanmağa qoymaymamı?tayanma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to lean? | sentayanmağa qoymaymısa?tayanma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to lean? | oltayanmağa qoymaymıdı?tayanma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to lean? | biztayanmağa qoymaybızmı?tayanma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to lean? | siztayanmağa qoymaymısız?tayanma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to lean? | alatayanmağa qoymaymıdıla?tayanma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to lean? |
| Let someone… (past) | mentayanmağa qoydumtayanma qoydumI allowed someone to lean | sentayanmağa qoyduŋtayanma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to lean | oltayanmağa qoydutayanma qoyduhe allowed someone to lean | biztayanmağa qoyduqtayanma qoyduqwe allowed someone to lean | siztayanmağa qoyduğuztayanma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to lean | alatayanmağa qoydulatayanma qoydulathey allowed someone to lean |
| Let someone… (past) | mentayanmağa qoymadımtayanma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to lean | sentayanmağa qoymadıŋtayanma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to lean | oltayanmağa qoymadıtayanma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to lean | biztayanmağa qoymadıqtayanma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to lean | siztayanmağa qoymadığıztayanma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to lean | alatayanmağa qoymadılatayanma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to lean |
| Let someone… (past) | mentayanmağa qoydummu?tayanma qoydummu?did I allow someone to lean? | sentayanmağa qoyduŋmu?tayanma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to lean? | oltayanmağa qoydumu?tayanma qoydumu?did he allow someone to lean? | biztayanmağa qoyduqmu?tayanma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to lean? | siztayanmağa qoyduğuzmu?tayanma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to lean? | alatayanmağa qoydulamı?tayanma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to lean? |
| Let someone… (past) | mentayanmağa qoymadımmı?tayanma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to lean? | sentayanmağa qoymadıŋmı?tayanma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to lean? | oltayanmağa qoymadımı?tayanma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to lean? | biztayanmağa qoymadıqmı?tayanma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to lean? | siztayanmağa qoymadığızmı?tayanma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to lean? | alatayanmağa qoymadılamı?tayanma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to lean? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
tayanalırğa be able to lean · tayanalmazğa be unable to lean
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | mentayanalamaI can lean | sentayanalasayou can lean | oltayanaladıhe can lean | biztayanalabızwe can lean | siztayanalasızyou all can lean | alatayanaladılathey can lean |
| Ability — present | mentayanalmaymaI can't lean | sentayanalmaysayou can't lean | oltayanalmaydıhe can't lean | biztayanalmaybızwe can't lean | siztayanalmaysızyou all can't lean | alatayanalmaydılathey can't lean |
| Ability — present | mentayanalamamı? tayanalamıma?can I lean? | sentayanalamısa?can you lean? | oltayanalamıdı?can he lean? | biztayanalabızmı? tayanalamıbız?can we lean? | siztayanalamısız?can you all lean? | alatayanalamıdıla?can they lean? |
| Ability — present | mentayanalmaymamı? tayanalmaymıma?can't I lean? | sentayanalmaymısa?can't you lean? | oltayanalmaymıdı?can't he lean? | biztayanalmaybızmı? tayanalmaymıbız?can't we lean? | siztayanalmaymısız?can't you all lean? | alatayanalmaymıdıla?can't they lean? |
| Ability — if I can… | mentayanalsamif I can lean | sentayanalsaŋif you can lean | oltayanalsaif he can lean | biztayanalsaqif we can lean | siztayanalsağızif you all can lean | alatayanalsalaif they can lean |
| Ability — if I can… | mentayanalmasamif I can't lean | sentayanalmasaŋif you can't lean | oltayanalmasaif he can't lean | biztayanalmasaqif we can't lean | siztayanalmasağızif you all can't lean | alatayanalmasalaif they can't lean |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | mentayanaldımI was able to lean | sentayanaldıŋyou were able to lean | oltayanaldıhe was able to lean | biztayanaldıqwe were able to lean | siztayanaldığızyou all were able to lean | alatayanaldılathey were able to lean |
| Ability — simple past | mentayanalmadımI could not lean | sentayanalmadıŋyou could not lean | oltayanalmadıhe could not lean | biztayanalmadıqwe could not lean | siztayanalmadığızyou all could not lean | alatayanalmadılathey could not lean |
| Ability — simple past | mentayanaldımmı?was I able to lean? | sentayanaldıŋmı?were you able to lean? | oltayanaldımı?was he able to lean? | biztayanaldıqmı?were we able to lean? | siztayanaldığızmı?were you all able to lean? | alatayanaldılamı?were they able to lean? |
| Ability — simple past | mentayanalmadımmı?couldn't I lean? | sentayanalmadıŋmı?couldn't you lean? | oltayanalmadımı?couldn't he lean? | biztayanalmadıqmı?couldn't we lean? | siztayanalmadığızmı?couldn't you all lean? | alatayanalmadılamı?couldn't they lean? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentayanalğanmaI have been able to lean | sentayanalğansayou have been able to lean | oltayanalğandıhe has been able to lean | biztayanalğanbızwe have been able to lean | siztayanalğansızyou all have been able to lean | alatayanalğandılathey have been able to lean |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentayanalmağanmaI haven't been able to lean | sentayanalmağansayou haven't been able to lean | oltayanalmağandıhe hasn't been able to lean | biztayanalmağanbızwe haven't been able to lean | siztayanalmağansızyou all haven't been able to lean | alatayanalmağandılathey haven't been able to lean |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentayanalğanmamı? tayanalğanmıma?have I been able to lean? | sentayanalğanmısa?have you been able to lean? | oltayanalğanmıdı?has he been able to lean? | biztayanalğanbızmı? tayanalğanmıbız?have we been able to lean? | siztayanalğanmısız?have you all been able to lean? | alatayanalğanmıdıla?have they been able to lean? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentayanalmağanmamı? tayanalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to lean? | sentayanalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to lean? | oltayanalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to lean? | biztayanalmağanbızmı? tayanalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to lean? | siztayanalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to lean? | alatayanalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to lean? |
| Ability — past perfect | mentayanalğan edimtayanalğanemI had been able to lean | sentayanalğan ediŋtayanalğaneŋyou had been able to lean | oltayanalğan editayanalğanedhe had been able to lean | biztayanalğan ediktayanalğanekwe had been able to lean | siztayanalğan edigiztayanalğanegizyou all had been able to lean | alatayanalğan ediletayanalğanellethey had been able to lean |
| Ability — past perfect | mentayanalmağan edimtayanalmağanemI hadn't been able to lean | sentayanalmağan ediŋtayanalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to lean | oltayanalmağan editayanalmağanedhe hadn't been able to lean | biztayanalmağan ediktayanalmağanekwe hadn't been able to lean | siztayanalmağan edigiztayanalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to lean | alatayanalmağan ediletayanalmağanellethey hadn't been able to lean |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | mentayanala edimtayanalaemI could lean | sentayanala ediŋtayanalaeŋyou could lean | oltayanala editayanalaedhe could lean | biztayanala ediktayanalaekwe could lean | siztayanala edigiztayanalaegizyou all could lean | alatayanala ediletayanalaellethey could lean |
| Ability — past background | mentayanalmay edimtayanalmayemI could not lean | sentayanalmay ediŋtayanalmayeŋyou could not lean | oltayanalmay editayanalmayedhe could not lean | biztayanalmay ediktayanalmayekwe could not lean | siztayanalmay edigiztayanalmayegizyou all could not lean | alatayanalmay ediletayanalmayellethey could not lean |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | mentayanalırmaI will be able to lean | sentayanalırsayou will be able to lean | oltayanalırhe will be able to lean | biztayanalırbızwe will be able to lean | siztayanalırsızyou all will be able to lean | alatayanalırlathey will be able to lean |
| Ability — future I | mentayanalmazmaI won't be able to lean | sentayanalmazsayou won't be able to lean | oltayanalmazhe won't be able to lean | biztayanalmazbızwe won't be able to lean | siztayanalmazsızyou all won't be able to lean | alatayanalmazlathey won't be able to lean |
| Ability — future I | mentayanalırmamı? tayanalırmıma?will I be able to lean? | sentayanalırmısa?will you be able to lean? | oltayanalırmı?will he be able to lean? | biztayanalırbızmı? tayanalırmıbız?will we be able to lean? | siztayanalırmısız?will you all be able to lean? | alatayanalırlamı? tayanalırmıla?will they be able to lean? |
| Ability — future I | mentayanalmazmamı? tayanalmazmıma?won't I be able to lean? | sentayanalmazmısa?won't you be able to lean? | oltayanalmazmı?won't he be able to lean? | biztayanalmazbızmı? tayanalmazmıbız?won't we be able to lean? | siztayanalmazmısız?won't you all be able to lean? | alatayanalmazlamı? tayanalmazmıla?won't they be able to lean? |
| Ability — future II | mentayanallıqmaI am going to be able to lean | sentayanallıqsayou are going to be able to lean | oltayanallıqdıhe is going to be able to lean | biztayanallıqbızwe are going to be able to lean | siztayanallıqsızyou all are going to be able to lean | alatayanallıqdılathey are going to be able to lean |
| Ability — future II | mentayanallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to lean | sentayanallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to lean | oltayanallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to lean | biztayanallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to lean | siztayanallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to lean | alatayanallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to lean |
| Ability — future II | mentayanallıqmamı? tayanallıqmıma?am I going to be able to lean? | sentayanallıqmısa?are you going to be able to lean? | oltayanallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to lean? | biztayanallıqbızmı? tayanallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to lean? | siztayanallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to lean? | alatayanallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to lean? |
| Ability — future II | mentayanallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to lean? | sentayanallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to lean? | oltayanallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to lean? | biztayanallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to lean? | siztayanallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to lean? | alatayanallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to lean? |
| Ability — would be able to… | mentayanalır edimtayanalır emI would be able to lean | sentayanalır ediŋtayanalır eŋyou would be able to lean | oltayanalır editayanalır edhe would be able to lean | biztayanalır ediktayanalır ekwe would be able to lean | siztayanalır edigiztayanalır egizyou all would be able to lean | alatayanalır ediletayanalır ellethey would be able to lean |
| Ability — would be able to… | mentayanalmaz edimtayanalmaz emI wouldn't be able to lean | sentayanalmaz ediŋtayanalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to lean | oltayanalmaz editayanalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to lean | biztayanalmaz ediktayanalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to lean | siztayanalmaz edigiztayanalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to lean | alatayanalmaz ediletayanalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to lean |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sentayanalğıntayanalğımay you be able to lean | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sentayanalmağıntayanalmağımay you not be able to lean | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | mentayanırğa izleymeI want to lean | sentayanırğa izleyseyou want to lean | oltayanırğa izleydihe wants to lean | biztayanırğa izleybizwe want to lean | siztayanırğa izleysizyou all want to lean | alatayanırğa izleydilethey want to lean |
| want to | mentayanırğa izlemeymeI do not want to lean | sentayanırğa izlemeyseyou do not want to lean | oltayanırğa izlemeydihe does not want to lean | biztayanırğa izlemeybizwe do not want to lean | siztayanırğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to lean | alatayanırğa izlemeydilethey do not want to lean |
| would like to | mentayanırğa süemeI would like to lean | sentayanırğa süeseyou would like to lean | oltayanırğa süedihe would like to lean | biztayanırğa süebizwe would like to lean | siztayanırğa süesizyou all would like to lean | alatayanırğa süedilethey would like to lean |
| would like to | mentayanırğa süymeymeI would not like to lean | sentayanırğa süymeyseyou would not like to lean | oltayanırğa süymeydihe would not like to lean | biztayanırğa süymeybizwe would not like to lean | siztayanırğa süymeysizyou all would not like to lean | alatayanırğa süymeydilethey would not like to lean |
| hope to | mentayanırğa umutlanamaI hope to lean | sentayanırğa umutlanasayou hope to lean | oltayanırğa umutlanadıhe hopes to lean | biztayanırğa umutlanabızwe hope to lean | siztayanırğa umutlanasızyou all hope to lean | alatayanırğa umutlanadılathey hope to lean |
| hope to | mentayanırğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to lean | sentayanırğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to lean | oltayanırğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to lean | biztayanırğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to lean | siztayanırğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to lean | alatayanırğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to lean |
| be about to | mentayanırğa deb turamaI am about to lean | sentayanırğa deb turasayou are about to lean | oltayanırğa deb turadıhe is about to lean | biztayanırğa deb turabızwe are about to lean | siztayanırğa deb turasızyou all are about to lean | alatayanırğa deb turadılathey are about to lean |
| be about to | mentayanırğa deb turmaymaI am not about to lean | sentayanırğa deb turmaysayou are not about to lean | oltayanırğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to lean | biztayanırğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to lean | siztayanırğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to lean | alatayanırğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to lean |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | mentayanırğa kerekmeI need to lean | sentayanırğa kerekseyou need to lean | oltayanırğa kerekdihe needs to lean | biztayanırğa kerekbizwe need to lean | siztayanırğa kereksizyou all need to lean | alatayanırğa kerekdilethey need to lean |
| need to | mentayanırğa kerek tülmeI do not need to lean | sentayanırğa kerek tülseyou do not need to lean | oltayanırğa kerek tüldühe does not need to lean | biztayanırğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to lean | siztayanırğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to lean | alatayanırğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to lean |
| have to | menmenŋe tayanırğa tüşediI have to lean | sensenŋe tayanırğa tüşediyou have to lean | olaŋa tayanırğa tüşedihe has to lean | bizbizge tayanırğa tüşediwe have to lean | sizsizge tayanırğa tüşediyou all have to lean | alaalağa tayanırğa tüşedithey have to lean |
| have to | menmenŋe tayanırğa tüşmeydiI do not have to lean | sensenŋe tayanırğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to lean | olaŋa tayanırğa tüşmeydihe does not have to lean | bizbizge tayanırğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to lean | sizsizge tayanırğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to lean | alaalağa tayanırğa tüşmeydithey do not have to lean |
| be obliged to | mentayanırğa borçlumaI am obliged to lean | sentayanırğa borçlusayou are obliged to lean | oltayanırğa borçluduhe is obliged to lean | biztayanırğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to lean | siztayanırğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to lean | alatayanırğa borçludulathey are obliged to lean |
| be obliged to | mentayanırğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to lean | sentayanırğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to lean | oltayanırğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to lean | biztayanırğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to lean | siztayanırğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to lean | alatayanırğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to lean |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | mentayanırğa madarım bardıI have a way to lean | sentayanırğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to lean | oltayanırğa madarı bardıhe has a way to lean | biztayanırğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to lean | siztayanırğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to lean | alatayanırğa madarları bardıthey have a way to lean |
| have a way to | mentayanırğa madarım joqduI have no way to lean | sentayanırğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to lean | oltayanırğa madarı joqduhe has no way to lean | biztayanırğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to lean | siztayanırğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to lean | alatayanırğa madarları joqduthey have no way to lean |
| be free to | mentayanırğa erkinligim bardıI am free to lean | sentayanırğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to lean | oltayanırğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to lean | biztayanırğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to lean | siztayanırğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to lean | alatayanırğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to lean |
| be free to | mentayanırğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to lean | sentayanırğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to lean | oltayanırğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to lean | biztayanırğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to lean | siztayanırğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to lean | alatayanırğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to lean |
| be possible to | menmenŋe tayanırğa bolluqduit is possible for me to lean | sensenŋe tayanırğa bolluqduit is possible for you to lean | olaŋa tayanırğa bolluqduit is possible for him to lean | bizbizge tayanırğa bolluqduit is possible for us to lean | sizsizge tayanırğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to lean | alaalağa tayanırğa bolluqduit is possible for them to lean |
| be possible to | menmenŋe tayanırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to lean | sensenŋe tayanırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to lean | olaŋa tayanırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to lean | bizbizge tayanırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to lean | sizsizge tayanırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to lean | alaalağa tayanırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to lean |
| be ready to | mentayanırğa hazırmaI am ready to lean | sentayanırğa hazırsayou are ready to lean | oltayanırğa hazırdıhe is ready to lean | biztayanırğa hazırbızwe are ready to lean | siztayanırğa hazırsızyou all are ready to lean | alatayanırğa hazırdılathey are ready to lean |
| be ready to | mentayanırğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to lean | sentayanırğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to lean | oltayanırğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to lean | biztayanırğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to lean | siztayanırğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to lean | alatayanırğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to lean |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | mentayanırğa küreşemeI am trying to lean | sentayanırğa küreşeseyou are trying to lean | oltayanırğa küreşedihe is trying to lean | biztayanırğa küreşebizwe are trying to lean | siztayanırğa küreşesizyou all are trying to lean | alatayanırğa küreşedilethey are trying to lean |
| try to | mentayanırğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to lean | sentayanırğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to lean | oltayanırğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to lean | biztayanırğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to lean | siztayanırğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to lean | alatayanırğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to lean |
| agree to | mentayanırğa unaymaI agree to lean | sentayanırğa unaysayou agree to lean | oltayanırğa unaydıhe agrees to lean | biztayanırğa unaybızwe agree to lean | siztayanırğa unaysızyou all agree to lean | alatayanırğa unaydılathey agree to lean |
| agree to | mentayanırğa unamaymaI refuse to lean | sentayanırğa unamaysayou refuse to lean | oltayanırğa unamaydıhe refuses to lean | biztayanırğa unamaybızwe refuse to lean | siztayanırğa unamaysızyou all refuse to lean | alatayanırğa unamaydılathey refuse to lean |
| hurry to | mentayanırğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to lean | sentayanırğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to lean | oltayanırğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to lean | biztayanırğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to lean | siztayanırğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to lean | alatayanırğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to lean |
| hurry to | mentayanırğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to lean | sentayanırğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to lean | oltayanırğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to lean | biztayanırğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to lean | siztayanırğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to lean | alatayanırğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to lean |
| be afraid to | mentayanırğa qorqamaI am afraid to lean | sentayanırğa qorqasayou are afraid to lean | oltayanırğa qorqadıhe is afraid to lean | biztayanırğa qorqabızwe are afraid to lean | siztayanırğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to lean | alatayanırğa qorqadılathey are afraid to lean |
| be afraid to | mentayanırğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to lean | sentayanırğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to lean | oltayanırğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to lean | biztayanırğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to lean | siztayanırğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to lean | alatayanırğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to lean |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | mentayana bolmazmaI can't be leaning | sentayana bolmazsayou can't be leaning | oltayana bolmazhe can't be leaning | biztayana bolmazbızwe can't be leaning | siztayana bolmazsızyou all can't be leaning | alatayana bolmazlathey can't be leaning |
| Inference, present — double negation | mentayanmay bolmazmaI must be leaning (emphatic) | sentayanmay bolmazsayou must be leaning (emphatic) | oltayanmay bolmazhe must be leaning (emphatic) | biztayanmay bolmazbızwe must be leaning (emphatic) | siztayanmay bolmazsızyou all must be leaning (emphatic) | alatayanmay bolmazlathey must be leaning (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | mentayana turmasamif I don't keep leaning | sentayana turmasaŋif you don't keep leaning | oltayana turmasaif he doesn't keep leaning | biztayana turmasaqif we don't keep leaning | siztayana turmasağızif you all don't keep leaning | alatayana turmasalaif they don't keep leaning |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | mentayana tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of leaning | sentayana tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of leaning | oltayana tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of leaning | biztayana tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of leaning | siztayana tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of leaning | alatayana tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of leaning |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | mentayanmay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not leaning (emphatic) | sentayanmay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not leaning (emphatic) | oltayanmay tura bolmazhe must keep on not leaning (emphatic) | biztayanmay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not leaning (emphatic) | siztayanmay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not leaning (emphatic) | alatayanmay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not leaning (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | mentayanmay turamaI keep on not leaning | sentayanmay turasayou keep on not leaning | oltayanmay turadıhe keeps on not leaning | biztayanmay turabızwe keep on not leaning | siztayanmay turasızyou all keep on not leaning | alatayanmay turadılathey keep on not leaning |
| Progressive — double negation | mentayanmay turmaymaI am not keeping on not leaning | sentayanmay turmaysayou are not keeping on not leaning | oltayanmay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not leaning | biztayanmay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not leaning | siztayanmay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not leaning | alatayanmay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not leaning |
| Progressive — double negation | mentayanmay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not leaning? | sentayanmay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not leaning? | oltayanmay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not leaning? | biztayanmay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not leaning? | siztayanmay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not leaning? | alatayanmay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not leaning? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | mentayanŋan bolmazmaI can't have leaned | sentayanŋan bolmazsayou can't have leaned | oltayanŋan bolmazhe can't have leaned | biztayanŋan bolmazbızwe can't have leaned | siztayanŋan bolmazsızyou all can't have leaned | alatayanŋan bolmazlathey can't have leaned |
| Inference — double negation | mentayanmağan bolmazmaI must have leaned (emphatic) | sentayanmağan bolmazsayou must have leaned (emphatic) | oltayanmağan bolmazhe must have leaned (emphatic) | biztayanmağan bolmazbızwe must have leaned (emphatic) | siztayanmağan bolmazsızyou all must have leaned (emphatic) | alatayanmağan bolmazlathey must have leaned (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | mentayanŋan bolmasamif it weren't that I had leaned | sentayanŋan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had leaned | oltayanŋan bolmasaif it weren't that he had leaned | biztayanŋan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had leaned | siztayanŋan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had leaned | alatayanŋan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had leaned |
| Counterfactual — double negation | mentayanmağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't leaned | sentayanmağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't leaned | oltayanmağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't leaned | biztayanmağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't leaned | siztayanmağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't leaned | alatayanmağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't leaned |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | mentayannıq bolmazmaI can't be going to lean | sentayannıq bolmazsayou can't be going to lean | oltayannıq bolmazhe can't be going to lean | biztayannıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to lean | siztayannıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to lean | alatayannıq bolmazlathey can't be going to lean |
| Inference, future — double negation | mentayanmazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to lean (emphatic) | sentayanmazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to lean (emphatic) | oltayanmazlıq bolmazhe must be going to lean (emphatic) | biztayanmazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to lean (emphatic) | siztayanmazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to lean (emphatic) | alatayanmazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to lean (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | mentayannıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to lean | sentayannıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to lean | oltayannıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to lean | biztayannıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to lean | siztayannıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to lean | alatayannıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to lean |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | mentayanmazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to lean | sentayanmazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to lean | oltayanmazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to lean | biztayanmazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to lean | siztayanmazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to lean | alatayanmazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to lean |