zaran
/zaran/
Definition
harm, damage, injury, detriment, financial loss
- kişige zaran keltirme, sawab al — do not bring harm to anyone, gain spiritual merit
- suwuq sabanga ullu zaran saldı — the frost inflicted great damage on the field
- zaran körgen adamğa boluşduq — we helped the person who suffered damage
Related
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or .Cases
| Singular | Plural | When to use it | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | zaranthe harm | zaranlathe harms | the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence |
| genitive | zarannıthe harm's | zaranlanıthe harms' | the owner — whose it is |
| accusative | zarannıthe harm (as the object) | zaranlanıthe harms (as the object) | a specific, known object — whom or what |
| dative | zarangato the harm | zaranlağato the harms | direction or recipient — to where, to whom |
| locative | zarandaat / in the harm | zaranladaat / in the harms | where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it" |
| ablative | zarandanfrom the harm | zaranladanfrom the harms | where it comes from; also "than" when comparing |
When to use each case
- nominative
- the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence
- genitive
- the owner — whose it is
- accusative
- a specific, known object — whom or what
- dative
- direction or recipient — to where, to whom
- locative
- where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it"
- ablative
- where it comes from; also "than" when comparing
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
With an owner
| One owned | Several owned | |
|---|---|---|
| my | zaranımmy harm | zaranlarımmy harms |
| your | zaranıngyour harm | zaranlarıngyour harms |
| his / her | zaranıhis / her harm | zaranlarıhis / her harms |
| our | zaranıbızour harm | zaranlarıbızour harms |
| you all's | zaranığızyou all's harm | zaranlarığızyou all's harms |
| their | zaranlarıtheir harm | zaranlarıtheir harms |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: zaranları can mean "his / her harms", "their harm", or "their harms" — context decides.