zaya
/zaja/ · plural zayala
1. spoiled, unfit for use, ruined — Said of something made unusable, not merely damaged; usually predicative, above all in zaya bolurğa go bad, become unusable, and zaya eterge spoil, ruin.
- zaya bolurğa — to become unfit for use
- zaya eterge — to spoil something, make it unfit for use
- aş zaya bolğandı — the food has spoiled
- aşarıq zaya boldu — the food spoiled
- kitabnı zaya et — spoil the book
- bolğan zayadı — everything is spoiled
2. waste, loss — Most often of time or property that has gone for nothing, typically in the dative: zayağa keterge go to waste.
- zayağa ketdi — it went to waste
- zayağa ketgen ırıshı — property that went to waste
- künü zayağa ketdi — his day went to waste
- eki-üç jılı zayasına ketgen — two or three years of hers that went to waste
- zamannı zayağa keterirge — to let time go to waste
As an adjective
Saying it about mine, yours, theirs
One thing
| Degree | menikimine | senikiyours | anıqıhis / hers | biznikiours | siznikiyours (pl.) | alanıqıtheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | meniki zayadımine is spoiled | seniki zayadıyours is spoiled | anıqı zayadıhis is spoiled | bizniki zayadıours is spoiled | sizniki zayadıyours (pl.) is spoiled | alanıqı zayadıtheirs is spoiled |
Several things
| Degree | menikilemine | senikileyours | anıqılahis / hers | biznikileours | siznikileyours (pl.) | alanıqılatheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | menikile zayadılamine are spoiled | senikile zayadılayours are spoiled | anıqıla zayadılahis are spoiled | biznikile zayadılaours are spoiled | siznikile zayadılayours (pl.) are spoiled | alanıqıla zayadılatheirs are spoiled |
Any thing takes the third-person ending, not only these: bu zayadı, bıla zayadıla. In texts biznikile is usually kesibiznikile, "our own people", and a surname with -nıqıla names a family: Dudalanıqıla, "the Dudas".
As a noun
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | zayathe waste | zayammy waste | zayaŋyour waste | zayasıhis waste | zayabızour waste | zayağızyou all's waste | zayalarıtheir wastes |
| Genitive | zayanıthe waste's | zayamımy waste's | zayaŋıyour waste's | zayasınıhis waste's | zayabıznıour waste's | zayağıznıyou all's waste's | zayalarınıtheir wastes' |
| Accusative | zayanıthe waste (as the object) | zayamımy waste (as the object) | zayaŋıyour waste (as the object) | zayasınhis waste (as the object) | zayabıznıour waste (as the object) | zayağıznıyou all's waste (as the object) | zayalarıntheir wastes (as the object) |
| Dative | zayağato the waste | zayamato my waste | zayaŋato your waste | zayasınato his waste | zayabızğato our waste | zayağızğato you all's waste | zayalarınato their wastes |
| Locative | zayadain / at the waste | zayamdain / at my waste | zayaŋdain / at your waste | zayasındain / at his waste | zayabızdain / at our waste | zayağızdain / at you all's waste | zayalarındain / at their wastes |
| Ablative | zayadanfrom the waste | zayamdanfrom my waste | zayaŋdanfrom your waste | zayasındanfrom his waste | zayabızdanfrom our waste | zayağızdanfrom you all's waste | zayalarındanfrom their wastes |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | zayalathe wastes | zayalarımmy wastes | zayalarıŋyour wastes | zayalarıhis wastes | zayalarıbızour wastes | zayalarığızyou all's wastes | zayalarıtheir wastes |
| Genitive | zayalanıthe wastes' | zayalarımımy wastes' | zayalarıŋıyour wastes' | zayalarınıhis wastes' | zayalarıbıznıour wastes' | zayalarığıznıyou all's wastes' | zayalarınıtheir wastes' |
| Accusative | zayalanıthe wastes (as the object) | zayalarımımy wastes (as the object) | zayalarıŋıyour wastes (as the object) | zayalarınhis wastes (as the object) | zayalarıbıznıour wastes (as the object) | zayalarığıznıyou all's wastes (as the object) | zayalarıntheir wastes (as the object) |
| Dative | zayalağato the wastes | zayalarımato my wastes | zayalarıŋato your wastes | zayalarınato his wastes | zayalarıbızğato our wastes | zayalarığızğato you all's wastes | zayalarınato their wastes |
| Locative | zayaladain / at the wastes | zayalarımdain / at my wastes | zayalarıŋdain / at your wastes | zayalarındain / at his wastes | zayalarıbızdain / at our wastes | zayalarığızdain / at you all's wastes | zayalarındain / at their wastes |
| Ablative | zayaladanfrom the wastes | zayalarımdanfrom my wastes | zayalarıŋdanfrom your wastes | zayalarındanfrom his wastes | zayalarıbızdanfrom our wastes | zayalarığızdanfrom you all's wastes | zayalarındanfrom their wastes |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: zayaları can mean "his / her wastes", "their waste", or "their wastes" — context decides.
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.