tururğa

/tururʁa/

1. (v.) stand in an upright position

alayda turğan adam — the person standing there
at arbazda tura edi — a horse was standing in the yard
tüz tururğa — to stand straight
tizgin turğan soldatla — soldiers standing in a row
tögerek turub hars urdula — they stood in a circle and clapped
ayaq üsünde tururğa — to stay on one's feet

2. (v.) stand up, get up, rise (from a seat or from bed)

ertdembla ertde turduq — in the morning we got up early
şindikden tur — get up from the chair
turuğuz, taŋ bolğandı — get up, morning has come
ol örge turdu — he stood up
ol turdu — he stood up
turmay jatadı — he lies there without getting up
ertdembla tururğa — to get up in the morning
keçeden tururğa — to get up before dawn
sekirib tururğa — to jump up

3. (v.) live somewhere, reside, stay as a resident or guest

biz mında turabız — we live here
qayda turasa? — where do you live?
ala Qaraçay şaharda turadıla — they live in the town of Karachay
bizni bla tur — live with us
ol bizde eki kün turdu — he stayed with us for two days
elde eki ıyıq turub keldik — we stayed in the village for two weeks and came back
şaharda turğan adamla — people living in the town
elde tururğa — to live in the village

4. (v.) keep on doing, continue, persist — Follows a converb of the main verb and says that the action goes on or happens all the time: oquy tururğa keep reading, saqlab tururğa wait. It also forms participles and converbs of the same kind: kele turğan coming, aşay turub while eating.

men seni saqlab turama — I am waiting for you
işley turğandı — he kept on working
qaray turğandı — he kept on looking
kitab oquy tururğa — to keep reading a book
saqlab tururğa — to wait
kele turğan — coming
aşay turub — while eating
buzula turğanı — that it was continuously decaying

5. (v.) move aside, step back, shift slightly — The direction comes from the word before it: artha tur step back, berlaq tur come closer, bir janına tur step aside.

artha tur — step back
berlaq tur — come closer
bir janına turduq — we moved aside
arlaqğa turuğuz — move farther away
bir kesek bir janına tur — move aside a little
joldan bir janına turdula — they moved aside off the road
terezeden bir janına turdu — he moved aside from the window

6. (v.) exist, be in existence

bu adet bügün da turadı — this custom still exists today
eski joruqla entda turadıla — the old rules still exist
allay söz bizni tilibizde turadı — such a word exists in our language

7. (v.) be located, be present at a place

üyde tur — be at home
açhıç stol üsünde turadı — the key is on the table
açhıç stolda turadı — the key is in the desk
kitab partanı üsünde turadı — the book is on the desk
ol şaharda turadı — he is in the town
ol ketib turadı — he is away
işde tururğa — to be at work
türmede tururğa — to be in prison

8. (v.) survive intact, remain preserved

eski qala bügün da turadı — the old fortress still stands today
eski üy entda buzulmay turadı — the old house is still standing undamaged
hılew üyçük entda turadı — the dilapidated little house still stands
köb jılnı saqlanıb turğandı — it has been kept safe for many years

9. (v.) intend to do something — The intended action comes first as an infinitive, followed by deb: keterge deb turadıla they intend to leave.

oqurğa deb turadı — he intends to study
keterge deb turadıla — they intend to leave
aytırğa deb turabız — we intend to tell
biz tambla kelirge deb turabız — we intend to come tomorrow
barırğa deb tura edim — I was intending to go
kesim barırğa deb tura edim — I myself was intending to go
ol işni boşarğa deb turadı — he intends to finish the work

10. (v.) take a stand for or against someone — Whether the stand is in support or in opposition is shown by the phrase naming the person or cause, as in qarşçı tururğa stand against.

qarşçı tururğa — to stand against
ol menŋe qarşçı turdu — he took a stand against me
halq anı janında turdu — the people took his side
biz tüzlüknü janında turabız — we stand on the side of justice

11. (v.) register, be entered on a list or record — Also used for getting in line: oçeredge tururğa.

sen tizmege turduŋmu? — did you register?
ol el sovetde tizmege turdu — he registered at the village council
askerden qaythanlay tizmege turdu — he registered as soon as he came back from the army

12. (v.) of a female animal, be in heat, approach a male for mating one source

buğağa tururğa — to be in heat (of a cow)
ajirge tururğa — to be in heat (of a mare)
baytal ayğırğa turadı — the mare is going to the stallion
iynek buğağa turğandı — the cow has gone to the bull
eçki tekege turadı — the goat is going to the billy goat
bıyıl baytal ayğırğa ertde turdu — this year the mare went to the stallion early

13. (v.) be in a particular state or condition

men har zamanda hazır turama — I am ready at all times
sabiyle jolda saq turadıla — the children stay alert on the road
ol köb zamannı haparsız turdu — he stayed unaware for a long time
birça tururğa — to stay the same
bir sözde tururğa — to keep one's word
semiz tururğa — to stay plump
haparsız tururğa — to be unaware

14. (v.) protrude; of hair or fur, bristle

tüklerim örge turdula — my hair stood on end
qorqğandan itni jünü turdu — the dog's fur bristled from fright
juqudan sora anı çaçı turadı — after sleeping his hair sticks up
hurjunundan bir qağıt turadı — a paper is sticking out of his pocket

15. (v.) hold out, withstand opposition (fig.) one source

biz ahırına deri turduq — we held out to the end
elçile jawğa qarşçı turdula — the villagers held out against the enemy
ol qıyınlıqğa qarşçı turdu — he held out against hardship

16. (v.) of an object, stay in place, hold

çelekni başı ornunda turmaydı — the lid of the bucket doesn't stay in place
bu baltada sap turmaydı — the handle doesn't hold on this axe
börk başımda turmaydı — the hat won't stay on my head

17. (v.) take up a position, take up a post, go on duty

safha tur — fall into line
ol qarawulğa turdu — he went on guard duty

18. (v.) recover, get well (after an illness) one source

saw bol, turğandı — thank you, he has recovered
ol awruwdan turğandı — he has recovered from his illness

19. (v.) delay, dawdle (rare) one source

nek turasa? — why are you dawdling?

Expressions

ayıwnu köre turğanlay, ızın ızlarğa — miss the obvious (Idiom)
bet tükleri tururğa — scowl fiercely (Idiom)
biçaq awuzunda tururğa — in mortal danger (Idiom)
bir amanlıqdan artha turmağan — utterly wicked (Idiom)

Found in

100 common verbs

Sources

Show 8 sources

Gochiyaeva et al. 1993 · Russian–Karachay Learner's Dictionary · meanings 3, 7
Guzeev (ed.) 1996–2005 · Explanatory Dictionary of the Karachay-Balkar Language · meanings 2–11, 13
Guzeev 2003 · Balkar–Russian School Dictionary · meaning 1
Guzeev 2013 · Dictionary of Homonyms of the Karachay-Balkar Language · meanings 1–3, 5–9, 11, 13, 18
Nevruz 1991 · Karachay-Balkar–Turkish Dictionary · meanings 2–5, 10, 12, 14
Suyunchev and Urusbiev (eds.) 1965 · Russian–Karachay-Balkar Dictionary · meanings 1–4, 6–8, 13–17
Tenishev and Suyunchev (eds.) 1989 · Karachay-Balkar–Russian Dictionary · meanings 1–5, 7, 9, 10, 13, 16, 17, 19
Zhulabov et al. 1997 · School Russian–Balkar Dictionary · meanings 1, 3, 7, 13

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Conjugation

Common forms

turadıhe is standing
turduhe stood
turğandıhe has stood
tururhe will stand
turluqduhe is going to stand
tura edihe was standing
tursaif he stands
tur!stand!

Simple tenses

affirmativenegativequestionnegative question

Simple tenses — forms of tururğa: each tense across the six persons, in the form chosen above.
Tense	menI	senyou	olhe/she/it	bizwe	sizyou all	alathey
Present (simple & continuous)	menturamaI am standing	senturasayou are standing	olturadıhe is standing	bizturabızwe are standing	sizturasızyou all are standing	alaturadılathey are standing
Present (simple & continuous)	menturmaymaI am not standing	senturmaysayou are not standing	olturmaydıhe is not standing	bizturmaybızwe are not standing	sizturmaysızyou all are not standing	alaturmaydılathey are not standing
Present (simple & continuous)	menturamamı? turamıma?am I standing?	senturamısa?are you standing?	olturamıdı?is he standing?	bizturabızmı? turamıbız?are we standing?	sizturamısız?are you all standing?	alaturamıdıla?are they standing?
Present (simple & continuous)	menturmaymamı? turmaymıma?aren't I standing?	senturmaymısa?aren't you standing?	olturmaymıdı?isn't he standing?	bizturmaybızmı? turmaymıbız?aren't we standing?	sizturmaymısız?aren't you all standing?	alaturmaymıdıla?aren't they standing?
Habitual (usually, tends to)	menturuwçanmaI usually stand	senturuwçansayou usually stand	olturuwçandıhe usually stands	bizturuwçanbızwe usually stand	sizturuwçansızyou all usually stand	alaturuwçandılathey usually stand
Habitual (usually, tends to)	menturmawçanmaI usually don't stand	senturmawçansayou usually don't stand	olturmawçandıhe usually doesn't stand	bizturmawçanbızwe usually don't stand	sizturmawçansızyou all usually don't stand	alaturmawçandılathey usually don't stand
Habitual (usually, tends to)	menturuwçanmamı? turuwçanmıma?do I usually stand?	senturuwçanmısa?do you usually stand?	olturuwçanmıdı?does he usually stand?	bizturuwçanbızmı? turuwçanmıbız?do we usually stand?	sizturuwçanmısız?do you all usually stand?	alaturuwçanmıdıla?do they usually stand?
Habitual (usually, tends to)	menturmawçanmamı? turmawçanmıma?do I usually not stand?	senturmawçanmısa?do you usually not stand?	olturmawçanmıdı?does he usually not stand?	bizturmawçanbızmı? turmawçanmıbız?do we usually not stand?	sizturmawçanmısız?do you all usually not stand?	alaturmawçanmıdıla?do they usually not stand?
Resultative (has become and stays)			olturubduhe has stood and remains so			alaturubdulathey have stood and remain so
Resultative (has become and stays)
Resultative (has become and stays)			olturubmudu?has he stood?			alaturubmudula?have they stood?
Resultative (has become and stays)
Durative (keeps doing)	menturub turamaI keep standing	senturub turasayou keep standing	olturub turadıhe keeps standing	bizturub turabızwe keep standing	sizturub turasızyou all keep standing	alaturub turadılathey keep standing
Durative (keeps doing)	menturub turmaymaI don't keep standing	senturub turmaysayou don't keep standing	olturub turmaydıhe doesn't keep standing	bizturub turmaybızwe don't keep standing	sizturub turmaysızyou all don't keep standing	alaturub turmaydılathey don't keep standing
Durative (keeps doing)	menturub turamamı? turub turamıma?do I keep standing?	senturub turamısa?do you keep standing?	olturub turamıdı?does he keep standing?	bizturub turabızmı? turub turamıbız?do we keep standing?	sizturub turamısız?do you all keep standing?	alaturub turamıdıla?do they keep standing?
Durative (keeps doing)	menturub turmaymamı? turub turmaymıma?don't I keep standing?	senturub turmaymısa?don't you keep standing?	olturub turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep standing?	bizturub turmaybızmı? turub turmaymıbız?don't we keep standing?	sizturub turmaymısız?don't you all keep standing?	alaturub turmaymıdıla?don't they keep standing?
Progressive (in the middle of)	mentura turamaI am in the middle of standing	sentura turasayou are in the middle of standing	oltura turadıhe is in the middle of standing	biztura turabızwe are in the middle of standing	siztura turasızyou all are in the middle of standing	alatura turadılathey are in the middle of standing
Progressive (in the middle of)	mentura turmaymaI am not in the middle of standing	sentura turmaysayou are not in the middle of standing	oltura turmaydıhe is not in the middle of standing	biztura turmaybızwe are not in the middle of standing	siztura turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of standing	alatura turmaydılathey are not in the middle of standing
Progressive (in the middle of)	mentura turamamı? tura turamıma?am I in the middle of standing?	sentura turamısa?are you in the middle of standing?	oltura turamıdı?is he in the middle of standing?	biztura turabızmı? tura turamıbız?are we in the middle of standing?	siztura turamısız?are you all in the middle of standing?	alatura turamıdıla?are they in the middle of standing?
Progressive (in the middle of)	mentura turmaymamı? tura turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of standing?	sentura turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of standing?	oltura turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of standing?	biztura turmaybızmı? tura turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of standing?	siztura turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of standing?	alatura turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of standing?
Simple past (definite)	menturdumI stood	senturduŋyou stood	olturduhe stood	bizturduqwe stood	sizturduğuzyou all stood	alaturdulathey stood
Simple past (definite)	menturmadımI didn't stand	senturmadıŋyou didn't stand	olturmadıhe didn't stand	bizturmadıqwe didn't stand	sizturmadığızyou all didn't stand	alaturmadılathey didn't stand
Simple past (definite)	menturdummu?did I stand?	senturduŋmu?did you stand?	olturdumu?did he stand?	bizturduqmu?did we stand?	sizturduğuzmu?did you all stand?	alaturdulamı?did they stand?
Simple past (definite)	menturmadımmı?didn't I stand?	senturmadıŋmı?didn't you stand?	olturmadımı?didn't he stand?	bizturmadıqmı?didn't we stand?	sizturmadığızmı?didn't you all stand?	alaturmadılamı?didn't they stand?
Perfect (past indefinite)	menturğanmaI have stood	senturğansayou have stood	olturğandıhe has stood	bizturğanbızwe have stood	sizturğansızyou all have stood	alaturğandılathey have stood
Perfect (past indefinite)	menturmağanmaI haven't stood	senturmağansayou haven't stood	olturmağandıhe hasn't stood	bizturmağanbızwe haven't stood	sizturmağansızyou all haven't stood	alaturmağandılathey haven't stood
Perfect (past indefinite)	menturğanmamı? turğanmıma?have I stood?	senturğanmısa?have you stood?	olturğanmıdı?has he stood?	bizturğanbızmı? turğanmıbız?have we stood?	sizturğanmısız?have you all stood?	alaturğanmıdıla?have they stood?
Perfect (past indefinite)	menturmağanmamı? turmağanmıma?haven't I stood?	senturmağanmısa?haven't you stood?	olturmağanmıdı?hasn't he stood?	bizturmağanbızmı? turmağanmıbız?haven't we stood?	sizturmağanmısız?haven't you all stood?	alaturmağanmıdıla?haven't they stood?
Durative, definite past (kept doing)	menturub turdumI kept standing	senturub turduŋyou kept standing	olturub turduhe kept standing	bizturub turduqwe kept standing	sizturub turduğuzyou all kept standing	alaturub turdulathey kept standing
Durative, definite past (kept doing)	menturub turmadımI didn't keep standing	senturub turmadıŋyou didn't keep standing	olturub turmadıhe didn't keep standing	bizturub turmadıqwe didn't keep standing	sizturub turmadığızyou all didn't keep standing	alaturub turmadılathey didn't keep standing
Durative, definite past (kept doing)
Durative, definite past (kept doing)
Indefinite future (future I)	mentururmaI will stand	senturursayou will stand	oltururhe will stand	biztururbuzwe will stand	sizturursuzyou all will stand	alatururlathey will stand
Indefinite future (future I)	menturmazmaI won't stand	senturmazsayou won't stand	olturmazhe won't stand	bizturmazbızwe won't stand	sizturmazsızyou all won't stand	alaturmazlathey won't stand
Indefinite future (future I)	mentururmamı? tururmuma?will I stand?	sentururmusa?will you stand?	oltururmu?will he stand?	biztururbuzmu? tururmubuz?will we stand?	siztururmusuz?will you all stand?	alatururlamı? tururmula?will they stand?
Indefinite future (future I)	menturmazmamı? turmazmıma?won't I stand?	senturmazmısa?won't you stand?	olturmazmı?won't he stand?	bizturmazbızmı? turmazmıbız?won't we stand?	sizturmazmısız?won't you all stand?	alaturmazlamı? turmazmıla?won't they stand?
Definite future (future II)	menturluqma¹turruqmaI am going to stand	senturluqsa¹turruqsayou are going to stand	olturluqdu¹turruqduhe is going to stand	bizturluqbuz¹turruqbuzwe are going to stand	sizturluqsuz¹turruqsuzyou all are going to stand	alaturluqdula¹turruqdulathey are going to stand
Definite future (future II)	menturluq tülme¹turruq tülmeI am not going to stand	senturluq tülse¹turruq tülseyou are not going to stand	olturluq tüldü¹turruq tüldühe is not going to stand	bizturluq tülbüz¹turruq tülbüzwe are not going to stand	sizturluq tülsüz¹turruq tülsüzyou all are not going to stand	alaturluq tüldüle¹turruq tüldülethey are not going to stand
Definite future (future II)	menturluqmamı?¹ turluqmuma?turruqmamı?am I going to stand?	senturluqmusa?¹turruqmusa?are you going to stand?	olturluqmudu?¹turruqmudu?is he going to stand?	bizturluqbuzmu?¹ turluqmubuz?turruqbuzmu?are we going to stand?	sizturluqmusuz?¹turruqmusuz?are you all going to stand?	alaturluqmudula?¹turruqmudula?are they going to stand?
Definite future (future II)	menturluq tülmüme?¹turruq tülmüme?aren't I going to stand?	senturluq tülmüse?¹turruq tülmüse?aren't you going to stand?	olturluq tülmüdü?¹turruq tülmüdü?isn't he going to stand?	bizturluq tülmübüz?¹turruq tülmübüz?aren't we going to stand?	sizturluq tülmüsüz?¹turruq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to stand?	alaturluq tülmüdüle?¹turruq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to stand?

Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms

Definite future (future II)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so turruqdu

Past compound tenses

affirmativenegative

Past compound tenses — forms of tururğa: each tense across the six persons, in the form chosen above.
Tense	menI	senyou	olhe/she/it	bizwe	sizyou all	alathey
Past perfect (pluperfect)	menturğan edimturğanemI had stood	senturğan ediŋturğaneŋyou had stood	olturğan editurğanedhe had stood	bizturğan edikturğanekwe had stood	sizturğan edigizturğanegizyou all had stood	alaturğan edileturğanellethey had stood
Past perfect (pluperfect)	menturmağan edimturmağanemI hadn't stood	senturmağan ediŋturmağaneŋyou hadn't stood	olturmağan editurmağanedhe hadn't stood	bizturmağan edikturmağanekwe hadn't stood	sizturmağan edigizturmağanegizyou all hadn't stood	alaturmağan edileturmağanellethey hadn't stood
Past perfect (pluperfect)
Past perfect (pluperfect)
Past continuous (imperfect)	mentura edimturaemI was standing	sentura ediŋturaeŋyou were standing	oltura edituraedhe was standing	biztura edikturaekwe were standing	siztura edigizturaegizyou all were standing	alatura edileturaellethey were standing
Past continuous (imperfect)	menturmay edimturmayemI wasn't standing	senturmay ediŋturmayeŋyou weren't standing	olturmay editurmayedhe wasn't standing	bizturmay edikturmayekwe weren't standing	sizturmay edigizturmayegizyou all weren't standing	alaturmay edileturmayellethey weren't standing
Past continuous (imperfect)
Past continuous (imperfect)
Habitual past (used to)	menturuwçan edimturuwçanemI used to stand	senturuwçan ediŋturuwçaneŋyou used to stand	olturuwçan edituruwçanedhe used to stand	bizturuwçan edikturuwçanekwe used to stand	sizturuwçan edigizturuwçanegizyou all used to stand	alaturuwçan edileturuwçanellethey used to stand
Habitual past (used to)	menturmawçan edimturmawçanemI didn't use to stand	senturmawçan ediŋturmawçaneŋyou didn't use to stand	olturmawçan editurmawçanedhe didn't use to stand	bizturmawçan edikturmawçanekwe didn't use to stand	sizturmawçan edigizturmawçanegizyou all didn't use to stand	alaturmawçan edileturmawçanellethey didn't use to stand
Habitual past (used to)
Habitual past (used to)
Resultative past (had become and stayed)			olturub edihe had stood and remained so			alaturub edilethey had stood and remained so
Resultative past (had become and stayed)			olturub tül edihe hadn't stood			alaturub tül edilethey hadn't stood
Resultative past (had become and stayed)
Resultative past (had become and stayed)
Past durative (had kept doing)	menturub tura edimturub turaemI had kept standing	senturub tura ediŋturub turaeŋyou had kept standing	olturub tura editurub turaedhe had kept standing	bizturub tura edikturub turaekwe had kept standing	sizturub tura edigizturub turaegizyou all had kept standing	alaturub tura edileturub turaellethey had kept standing
Past durative (had kept doing)	menturub turmay edimturub turmayemI hadn't kept standing	senturub turmay ediŋturub turmayeŋyou hadn't kept standing	olturub turmay editurub turmayedhe hadn't kept standing	bizturub turmay edikturub turmayekwe hadn't kept standing	sizturub turmay edigizturub turmayegizyou all hadn't kept standing	alaturub turmay edileturub turmayellethey hadn't kept standing
Past durative (had kept doing)
Past durative (had kept doing)
Past progressive (was in the middle of)	mentura tura edimtura turaemI was in the middle of standing	sentura tura ediŋtura turaeŋyou were in the middle of standing	oltura tura editura turaedhe was in the middle of standing	biztura tura ediktura turaekwe were in the middle of standing	siztura tura edigiztura turaegizyou all were in the middle of standing	alatura tura ediletura turaellethey were in the middle of standing
Past progressive (was in the middle of)	mentura turmay edimtura turmayemI wasn't in the middle of standing	sentura turmay ediŋtura turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of standing	oltura turmay editura turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of standing	biztura turmay ediktura turmayekwe weren't in the middle of standing	siztura turmay edigiztura turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of standing	alatura turmay ediletura turmayellethey weren't in the middle of standing
Past progressive (was in the middle of)
Past progressive (was in the middle of)
Conditional result (would)	menturur edimturur emI would stand	senturur ediŋturur eŋyou would stand	olturur editurur edhe would stand	bizturur edikturur ekwe would stand	sizturur edigizturur egizyou all would stand	alaturur edileturur ellethey would stand
Conditional result (would)	menturmaz edimturmaz emI wouldn't stand	senturmaz ediŋturmaz eŋyou wouldn't stand	olturmaz editurmaz edhe wouldn't stand	bizturmaz edikturmaz ekwe wouldn't stand	sizturmaz edigizturmaz egizyou all wouldn't stand	alaturmaz edileturmaz ellethey wouldn't stand
Conditional result (would)
Conditional result (would)
Past conditional result (would have)	menturluq edim²turluq emturruq edimI would have stood	senturluq ediŋ²turluq eŋturruq ediŋyou would have stood	olturluq edi²turluq edturruq edihe would have stood	bizturluq edik²turluq ekturruq edikwe would have stood	sizturluq edigiz²turluq egizturruq edigizyou all would have stood	alaturluq edile²turluq elleturruq edilethey would have stood
Past conditional result (would have)	menturluq tül edim²turluq tül emturruq tül edimI wouldn't have stood	senturluq tül ediŋ²turluq tül eŋturruq tül ediŋyou wouldn't have stood	olturluq tül edi²turluq tül edturruq tül edihe wouldn't have stood	bizturluq tül edik²turluq tül ekturruq tül edikwe wouldn't have stood	sizturluq tül edigiz²turluq tül egizturruq tül edigizyou all wouldn't have stood	alaturluq tül edile²turluq tül elleturruq tül edilethey wouldn't have stood
Past conditional result (would have)
Past conditional result (would have)

Past conditional result (would have)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so turruq edi

Conditional

affirmativenegative

Conditional — forms of tururğa: each tense across the six persons, in the form chosen above.
Tense	menI	senyou	olhe/she/it	bizwe	sizyou all	alathey
Conditional	mentursamif I stand	sentursaŋif you stand	oltursaif he stands	biztursaqif we stand	siztursağızif you all stand	alatursalaif they stand
Conditional	menturmasamif I don't stand	senturmasaŋif you don't stand	olturmasaif he doesn't stand	bizturmasaqif we don't stand	sizturmasağızif you all don't stand	alaturmasalaif they don't stand
Conditional
Conditional
Conditional, present real	mentura esemif I am standing	sentura eseŋif you are standing	oltura eseif he is standing	biztura esekif we are standing	siztura esegizif you all are standing	alatura eseleif they are standing
Conditional, present real	menturmay esemif I am not standing	senturmay eseŋif you are not standing	olturmay eseif he is not standing	bizturmay esekif we are not standing	sizturmay esegizif you all are not standing	alaturmay eseleif they are not standing
Conditional, present real
Conditional, present real
Wish, present/future (if only)	mentursam editursam edif only I stood	sentursaŋ editursaŋ edif only you stood	oltursa editursaedif only he stood	biztursaq editursaq edif only we stood	siztursağız editursağız edif only you all stood	alatursala editursalaedif only they stood
Wish, present/future (if only)	menturmasam editurmasam edif only I didn't stand	senturmasaŋ editurmasaŋ edif only you didn't stand	olturmasa editurmasaedif only he didn't stand	bizturmasaq editurmasaq edif only we didn't stand	sizturmasağız editurmasağız edif only you all didn't stand	alaturmasala editurmasalaedif only they didn't stand
Wish, present/future (if only)
Wish, present/future (if only)
Durative conditional	menturub tursamif I carry on standing	senturub tursaŋif you carry on standing	olturub tursaif he carries on standing	bizturub tursaqif we carry on standing	sizturub tursağızif you all carry on standing	alaturub tursalaif they carry on standing
Durative conditional	menturub turmasamif I don't carry on standing	senturub turmasaŋif you don't carry on standing	olturub turmasaif he doesn't carry on standing	bizturub turmasaqif we don't carry on standing	sizturub turmasağızif you all don't carry on standing	alaturub turmasalaif they don't carry on standing
Durative conditional
Durative conditional
Durative conditional, present real	menturub tura esemif I have kept standing	senturub tura eseŋif you have kept standing	olturub tura eseif he has kept standing	bizturub tura esekif we have kept standing	sizturub tura esegizif you all have kept standing	alaturub tura eseleif they have kept standing
Durative conditional, present real	menturub turmay esemif I haven't kept standing	senturub turmay eseŋif you haven't kept standing	olturub turmay eseif he hasn't kept standing	bizturub turmay esekif we haven't kept standing	sizturub turmay esegizif you all haven't kept standing	alaturub turmay eseleif they haven't kept standing
Durative conditional, present real
Durative conditional, present real
Progressive conditional	mentura tursamif I keep standing	sentura tursaŋif you keep standing	oltura tursaif he keeps standing	biztura tursaqif we keep standing	siztura tursağızif you all keep standing	alatura tursalaif they keep standing
Progressive conditional	menturmay tursamif I keep on not standing	senturmay tursaŋif you keep on not standing	olturmay tursaif he keeps on not standing	bizturmay tursaqif we keep on not standing	sizturmay tursağızif you all keep on not standing	alaturmay tursalaif they keep on not standing
Progressive conditional
Progressive conditional
Progressive conditional, present real	mentura tura esemif I am in the middle of standing	sentura tura eseŋif you are in the middle of standing	oltura tura eseif he is in the middle of standing	biztura tura esekif we are in the middle of standing	siztura tura esegizif you all are in the middle of standing	alatura tura eseleif they are in the middle of standing
Progressive conditional, present real	menturmay tura esemif I keep on not standing	senturmay tura eseŋif you keep on not standing	olturmay tura eseif he keeps on not standing	bizturmay tura esekif we keep on not standing	sizturmay tura esegizif you all keep on not standing	alaturmay tura eseleif they keep on not standing
Progressive conditional, present real
Progressive conditional, present real
Conditional, definite past³	menturdum esemif I stood	senturduŋ eseŋif you stood	olturdu eseif he stood	bizturduq esekif we stood	sizturduğuz esegizif you all stood	alaturdula eseleif they stood
Conditional, definite past³	menturmadım esemif I didn't stand	senturmadıŋ eseŋif you didn't stand	olturmadı eseif he didn't stand	bizturmadıq esekif we didn't stand	sizturmadığız esegizif you all didn't stand	alaturmadıla eseleif they didn't stand
Conditional, definite past
Conditional, definite past
Conditional, past real	menturğan esemif I did stand (indeed)	senturğan eseŋif you did stand (indeed)	olturğan eseif he did stand (indeed)	bizturğan esekif we did stand (indeed)	sizturğan esegizif you all did stand (indeed)	alaturğan eseleif they did stand (indeed)
Conditional, past real	menturmağan esemif I didn't stand (indeed)	senturmağan eseŋif you didn't stand (indeed)	olturmağan eseif he didn't stand (indeed)	bizturmağan esekif we didn't stand (indeed)	sizturmağan esegizif you all didn't stand (indeed)	alaturmağan eseleif they didn't stand (indeed)
Conditional, past real
Conditional, past real
Conditional, counterfactual	menturğan bolsamif I had stood	senturğan bolsaŋif you had stood	olturğan bolsaif he had stood	bizturğan bolsaqif we had stood	sizturğan bolsağızif you all had stood	alaturğan bolsalaif they had stood
Conditional, counterfactual	menturmağan bolsamif I hadn't stood	senturmağan bolsaŋif you hadn't stood	olturmağan bolsaif he hadn't stood	bizturmağan bolsaqif we hadn't stood	sizturmağan bolsağızif you all hadn't stood	alaturmağan bolsalaif they hadn't stood
Conditional, counterfactual
Conditional, counterfactual
Wish, past (if only I had)	menturğan bolsam editurğan bolsam edif only I had stood	senturğan bolsaŋ editurğan bolsaŋ edif only you had stood	olturğan bolsa editurğan bolsaedif only he had stood	bizturğan bolsaq editurğan bolsaq edif only we had stood	sizturğan bolsağız editurğan bolsağız edif only you all had stood	alaturğan bolsala editurğan bolsalaedif only they had stood
Wish, past (if only I had)	menturmağan bolsam editurmağan bolsam edif only I hadn't stood	senturmağan bolsaŋ editurmağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't stood	olturmağan bolsa editurmağan bolsaedif only he hadn't stood	bizturmağan bolsaq editurmağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't stood	sizturmağan bolsağız editurmağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't stood	alaturmağan bolsala editurmağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't stood
Wish, past (if only I had)
Wish, past (if only I had)
Conditional, aorist	menturur esemif I will stand	senturur eseŋif you will stand	olturur eseif he will stand	bizturur esekif we will stand	sizturur esegizif you all will stand	alaturur eseleif they will stand
Conditional, aorist	menturmaz esemif I won't stand	senturmaz eseŋif you won't stand	olturmaz eseif he won't stand	bizturmaz esekif we won't stand	sizturmaz esegizif you all won't stand	alaturmaz eseleif they won't stand
Conditional, aorist
Conditional, aorist
Conditional, future	menturluq esem⁴turruq esemif I am going to stand	senturluq eseŋ⁴turruq eseŋif you are going to stand	olturluq ese⁴turruq eseif he is going to stand	bizturluq esek⁴turruq esekif we are going to stand	sizturluq esegiz⁴turruq esegizif you all are going to stand	alaturluq esele⁴turruq eseleif they are going to stand
Conditional, future	menturluq tül esem⁴turruq tül esemif I am not going to stand	senturluq tül eseŋ⁴turruq tül eseŋif you are not going to stand	olturluq tül ese⁴turruq tül eseif he is not going to stand	bizturluq tül esek⁴turruq tül esekif we are not going to stand	sizturluq tül esegiz⁴turruq tül esegizif you all are not going to stand	alaturluq tül esele⁴turruq tül eseleif they are not going to stand
Conditional, future
Conditional, future
Conditional, counterfactual future	menturluq bolsam⁵turruq bolsamif I were going to stand	senturluq bolsaŋ⁵turruq bolsaŋif you were going to stand	olturluq bolsa⁵turruq bolsaif he were going to stand	bizturluq bolsaq⁵turruq bolsaqif we were going to stand	sizturluq bolsağız⁵turruq bolsağızif you all were going to stand	alaturluq bolsala⁵turruq bolsalaif they were going to stand
Conditional, counterfactual future	menturmazlıq bolsamif I were not going to stand	senturmazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to stand	olturmazlıq bolsaif he were not going to stand	bizturmazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to stand	sizturmazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to stand	alaturmazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to stand
Conditional, counterfactual future
Conditional, counterfactual future

Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms

Conditional, definite pastalso turduŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Conditional, futurespoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so turruq ese
Conditional, counterfactual futurespoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so turruq bolsa

Inferential

affirmativenegative

Inferential — forms of tururğa: each tense across the six persons, in the form chosen above.
Tense	menI	senyou	olhe/she/it	bizwe	sizyou all	alathey
Inference, present (must be doing)	mentura bolurmaI must be standing	sentura bolursayou must be standing	oltura bolurhe must be standing	biztura bolurbuzwe must be standing	siztura bolursuzyou all must be standing	alatura bolurlathey must be standing
Inference, present (must be doing)	menturmay bolurmaI must not be standing	senturmay bolursayou must not be standing	olturmay bolurhe must not be standing	bizturmay bolurbuzwe must not be standing	sizturmay bolursuzyou all must not be standing	alaturmay bolurlathey must not be standing
Inference, present (must be doing)
Inference, present (must be doing)
Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of)	mentura tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of standing	sentura tura bolursayou must be in the middle of standing	oltura tura bolurhe must be in the middle of standing	biztura tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of standing	siztura tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of standing	alatura tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of standing
Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of)	menturmay tura bolurmaI must keep on not standing	senturmay tura bolursayou must keep on not standing	olturmay tura bolurhe must keep on not standing	bizturmay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not standing	sizturmay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not standing	alaturmay tura bolurlathey must keep on not standing
Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of)
Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of)
Inference (must have)	menturğan bolurmaI must have stood	senturğan bolursayou must have stood	olturğan bolurhe must have stood	bizturğan bolurbuzwe must have stood	sizturğan bolursuzyou all must have stood	alaturğan bolurlathey must have stood
Inference (must have)	menturmağan bolurmaI must not have stood	senturmağan bolursayou must not have stood	olturmağan bolurhe must not have stood	bizturmağan bolurbuzwe must not have stood	sizturmağan bolursuzyou all must not have stood	alaturmağan bolurlathey must not have stood
Inference (must have)
Inference (must have)
Inference, future (must be going to)	menturluq bolurma⁶turruq bolurmaI must be going to stand	senturluq bolursa⁶turruq bolursayou must be going to stand	olturluq bolur⁶turruq bolurhe must be going to stand	bizturluq bolurbuz⁶turruq bolurbuzwe must be going to stand	sizturluq bolursuz⁶turruq bolursuzyou all must be going to stand	alaturluq bolurla⁶turruq bolurlathey must be going to stand
Inference, future (must be going to)	menturmazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to stand	senturmazlıq bolursayou must not be going to stand	olturmazlıq bolurhe must not be going to stand	bizturmazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to stand	sizturmazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to stand	alaturmazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to stand
Inference, future (must be going to)
Inference, future (must be going to)

Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms

Inference, future (must be going to)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so turruq bolur

Commands, requests and wishes

affirmativenegativequestionnegative question

Commands, requests and wishes — forms of tururğa: each tense across the six persons, in the form chosen above.
Tense	menI	senyou	olhe/she/it	bizwe	sizyou all	alathey
Commands & suggestions	menturayımlet me stand	sentur!stand!	oltursunlet him stand	bizturayıqlet's stand	sizturuğuz!stand, you all!	alatursunlalet them stand
Commands & suggestions	menturmayımlet me not stand	senturma!don't stand!	olturmasınlet him not stand	bizturmayıqlet's not stand	sizturmağız!don't stand, you all!	alaturmasınlalet them not stand
Commands & suggestions	menturayımmı?shall I stand?		oltursunmu?should he stand?	bizturayıqmı?shall we stand?		alatursunlamı?should they stand?
Commands & suggestions	menturmayımmı?shall I not stand?		olturmasınmı?should he not stand?	bizturmayıqmı?shall we not stand?		alaturmasınlamı?should they not stand?
Requests		senturçu⁷turçunplease stand	oltursunçudo let him stand		sizturçuğuzplease stand (plural/polite)	alatursunlaçıdo let them stand
Requests		senturmaçı⁷turmaçınplease don't stand	olturmasınçıdo let him not stand		sizturmaçığızplease don't stand (plural/polite)	alaturmasınlaçıdo let them not stand
Requests
Requests
Blessings & curses — may you…		senturğunturğumay you stand
Blessings & curses — may you…		senturmağınturmağımay you not stand
Blessings & curses — may you…
Blessings & curses — may you…
Optative wish (-ğay + edi)	menturğay edim turğa edimwould that I stood	senturğay ediŋ turğa ediŋwould that you stood	olturğay edi turğa ediwould that he stood	bizturğay edik turğa edikwould that we stood	sizturğay edigiz turğa edigizwould that you all stood	alaturğay edile turğa edilewould that they stood
Optative wish (-ğay + edi)	menturmağay edim turmağa edimwould that I did not stand	senturmağay ediŋ turmağa ediŋwould that you did not stand	olturmağay edi turmağa ediwould that he did not stand	bizturmağay edik turmağa edikwould that we did not stand	sizturmağay edigiz turmağa edigizwould that you all did not stand	alaturmağay edile turmağa edilewould that they did not stand
Optative wish (-ğay + edi)
Optative wish (-ğay + edi)
Let someone… (commands)	menturmağa qoyayımturma qoyayımlet me allow someone to stand	senturmağa qoy!turma qoy!let someone stand!	olturmağa qoysunturma qoysunlet him allow someone to stand	bizturmağa qoyayıqturma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to stand	sizturmağa qoyuğuz!turma qoyuğuz!let someone stand, you all!	alaturmağa qoysunlaturma qoysunlalet them allow someone to stand
Let someone… (commands)	menturmağa qoymayımturma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to stand	senturmağa qoyma!turma qoyma!don't let someone stand!	olturmağa qoymasınturma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to stand	bizturmağa qoymayıqturma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to stand	sizturmağa qoymağız!turma qoymağız!don't let someone stand, you all!	alaturmağa qoymasınlaturma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to stand
Let someone… (commands)	menturmağa qoyayımmı?turma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to stand?		olturmağa qoysunmu?turma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to stand?	bizturmağa qoyayıqmı?turma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to stand?		alaturmağa qoysunlamı?turma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to stand?
Let someone… (commands)	menturmağa qoymayımmı?turma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to stand?		olturmağa qoymasınmı?turma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to stand?	bizturmağa qoymayıqmı?turma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to stand?		alaturmağa qoymasınlamı?turma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to stand?
Let someone… (present)	menturmağa qoyamaturma qoyamaI allow someone to stand	senturmağa qoyasaturma qoyasayou allow someone to stand	olturmağa qoyadıturma qoyadıhe allows someone to stand	bizturmağa qoyabızturma qoyabızwe allow someone to stand	sizturmağa qoyasızturma qoyasızyou all allow someone to stand	alaturmağa qoyadılaturma qoyadılathey allow someone to stand
Let someone… (present)	menturmağa qoymaymaturma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to stand	senturmağa qoymaysaturma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to stand	olturmağa qoymaydıturma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to stand	bizturmağa qoymaybızturma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to stand	sizturmağa qoymaysızturma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to stand	alaturmağa qoymaydılaturma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to stand
Let someone… (present)	menturmağa qoyamamı?turma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to stand?	senturmağa qoyamısa?turma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to stand?	olturmağa qoyamıdı?turma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to stand?	bizturmağa qoyabızmı?turma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to stand?	sizturmağa qoyamısız?turma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to stand?	alaturmağa qoyamıdıla?turma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to stand?
Let someone… (present)	menturmağa qoymaymamı?turma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to stand?	senturmağa qoymaymısa?turma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to stand?	olturmağa qoymaymıdı?turma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to stand?	bizturmağa qoymaybızmı?turma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to stand?	sizturmağa qoymaymısız?turma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to stand?	alaturmağa qoymaymıdıla?turma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to stand?
Let someone… (past)	menturmağa qoydumturma qoydumI allowed someone to stand	senturmağa qoyduŋturma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to stand	olturmağa qoyduturma qoyduhe allowed someone to stand	bizturmağa qoyduqturma qoyduqwe allowed someone to stand	sizturmağa qoyduğuzturma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to stand	alaturmağa qoydulaturma qoydulathey allowed someone to stand
Let someone… (past)	menturmağa qoymadımturma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to stand	senturmağa qoymadıŋturma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to stand	olturmağa qoymadıturma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to stand	bizturmağa qoymadıqturma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to stand	sizturmağa qoymadığızturma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to stand	alaturmağa qoymadılaturma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to stand
Let someone… (past)	menturmağa qoydummu?turma qoydummu?did I allow someone to stand?	senturmağa qoyduŋmu?turma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to stand?	olturmağa qoydumu?turma qoydumu?did he allow someone to stand?	bizturmağa qoyduqmu?turma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to stand?	sizturmağa qoyduğuzmu?turma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to stand?	alaturmağa qoydulamı?turma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to stand?
Let someone… (past)	menturmağa qoymadımmı?turma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to stand?	senturmağa qoymadıŋmı?turma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to stand?	olturmağa qoymadımı?turma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to stand?	bizturmağa qoymadıqmı?turma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to stand?	sizturmağa qoymadığızmı?turma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to stand?	alaturmağa qoymadılamı?turma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to stand?

RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.

Ability

turalırğa be able to stand · turalmazğa be unable to stand

affirmativenegativequestionnegative question

Ability — forms of tururğa: each tense across the six persons, in the form chosen above.
Tense	menI	senyou	olhe/she/it	bizwe	sizyou all	alathey
Ability — present	menturalamaI can stand	senturalasayou can stand	olturaladıhe can stand	bizturalabızwe can stand	sizturalasızyou all can stand	alaturaladılathey can stand
Ability — present	menturalmaymaI can't stand	senturalmaysayou can't stand	olturalmaydıhe can't stand	bizturalmaybızwe can't stand	sizturalmaysızyou all can't stand	alaturalmaydılathey can't stand
Ability — present	menturalamamı? turalamıma?can I stand?	senturalamısa?can you stand?	olturalamıdı?can he stand?	bizturalabızmı? turalamıbız?can we stand?	sizturalamısız?can you all stand?	alaturalamıdıla?can they stand?
Ability — present	menturalmaymamı? turalmaymıma?can't I stand?	senturalmaymısa?can't you stand?	olturalmaymıdı?can't he stand?	bizturalmaybızmı? turalmaymıbız?can't we stand?	sizturalmaymısız?can't you all stand?	alaturalmaymıdıla?can't they stand?
Ability — if I can…	menturalsamif I can stand	senturalsaŋif you can stand	olturalsaif he can stand	bizturalsaqif we can stand	sizturalsağızif you all can stand	alaturalsalaif they can stand
Ability — if I can…	menturalmasamif I can't stand	senturalmasaŋif you can't stand	olturalmasaif he can't stand	bizturalmasaqif we can't stand	sizturalmasağızif you all can't stand	alaturalmasalaif they can't stand
Ability — if I can…
Ability — if I can…
Ability — simple past	menturaldımI was able to stand	senturaldıŋyou were able to stand	olturaldıhe was able to stand	bizturaldıqwe were able to stand	sizturaldığızyou all were able to stand	alaturaldılathey were able to stand
Ability — simple past	menturalmadımI could not stand	senturalmadıŋyou could not stand	olturalmadıhe could not stand	bizturalmadıqwe could not stand	sizturalmadığızyou all could not stand	alaturalmadılathey could not stand
Ability — simple past	menturaldımmı?was I able to stand?	senturaldıŋmı?were you able to stand?	olturaldımı?was he able to stand?	bizturaldıqmı?were we able to stand?	sizturaldığızmı?were you all able to stand?	alaturaldılamı?were they able to stand?
Ability — simple past	menturalmadımmı?couldn't I stand?	senturalmadıŋmı?couldn't you stand?	olturalmadımı?couldn't he stand?	bizturalmadıqmı?couldn't we stand?	sizturalmadığızmı?couldn't you all stand?	alaturalmadılamı?couldn't they stand?
Ability — perfect / -ğan past	menturalğanmaI have been able to stand	senturalğansayou have been able to stand	olturalğandıhe has been able to stand	bizturalğanbızwe have been able to stand	sizturalğansızyou all have been able to stand	alaturalğandılathey have been able to stand
Ability — perfect / -ğan past	menturalmağanmaI haven't been able to stand	senturalmağansayou haven't been able to stand	olturalmağandıhe hasn't been able to stand	bizturalmağanbızwe haven't been able to stand	sizturalmağansızyou all haven't been able to stand	alaturalmağandılathey haven't been able to stand
Ability — perfect / -ğan past	menturalğanmamı? turalğanmıma?have I been able to stand?	senturalğanmısa?have you been able to stand?	olturalğanmıdı?has he been able to stand?	bizturalğanbızmı? turalğanmıbız?have we been able to stand?	sizturalğanmısız?have you all been able to stand?	alaturalğanmıdıla?have they been able to stand?
Ability — perfect / -ğan past	menturalmağanmamı? turalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to stand?	senturalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to stand?	olturalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to stand?	bizturalmağanbızmı? turalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to stand?	sizturalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to stand?	alaturalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to stand?
Ability — past perfect	menturalğan edimturalğanemI had been able to stand	senturalğan ediŋturalğaneŋyou had been able to stand	olturalğan edituralğanedhe had been able to stand	bizturalğan edikturalğanekwe had been able to stand	sizturalğan edigizturalğanegizyou all had been able to stand	alaturalğan edileturalğanellethey had been able to stand
Ability — past perfect	menturalmağan edimturalmağanemI hadn't been able to stand	senturalmağan ediŋturalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to stand	olturalmağan edituralmağanedhe hadn't been able to stand	bizturalmağan edikturalmağanekwe hadn't been able to stand	sizturalmağan edigizturalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to stand	alaturalmağan edileturalmağanellethey hadn't been able to stand
Ability — past perfect
Ability — past perfect
Ability — past background	menturala edimturalaemI could stand	senturala ediŋturalaeŋyou could stand	olturala edituralaedhe could stand	bizturala edikturalaekwe could stand	sizturala edigizturalaegizyou all could stand	alaturala edileturalaellethey could stand
Ability — past background	menturalmay edimturalmayemI could not stand	senturalmay ediŋturalmayeŋyou could not stand	olturalmay edituralmayedhe could not stand	bizturalmay edikturalmayekwe could not stand	sizturalmay edigizturalmayegizyou all could not stand	alaturalmay edileturalmayellethey could not stand
Ability — past background
Ability — past background
Ability — future I	menturalırmaI will be able to stand	senturalırsayou will be able to stand	olturalırhe will be able to stand	bizturalırbızwe will be able to stand	sizturalırsızyou all will be able to stand	alaturalırlathey will be able to stand
Ability — future I	menturalmazmaI won't be able to stand	senturalmazsayou won't be able to stand	olturalmazhe won't be able to stand	bizturalmazbızwe won't be able to stand	sizturalmazsızyou all won't be able to stand	alaturalmazlathey won't be able to stand
Ability — future I	menturalırmamı? turalırmıma?will I be able to stand?	senturalırmısa?will you be able to stand?	olturalırmı?will he be able to stand?	bizturalırbızmı? turalırmıbız?will we be able to stand?	sizturalırmısız?will you all be able to stand?	alaturalırlamı? turalırmıla?will they be able to stand?
Ability — future I	menturalmazmamı? turalmazmıma?won't I be able to stand?	senturalmazmısa?won't you be able to stand?	olturalmazmı?won't he be able to stand?	bizturalmazbızmı? turalmazmıbız?won't we be able to stand?	sizturalmazmısız?won't you all be able to stand?	alaturalmazlamı? turalmazmıla?won't they be able to stand?
Ability — future II	menturallıqmaI am going to be able to stand	senturallıqsayou are going to be able to stand	olturallıqdıhe is going to be able to stand	bizturallıqbızwe are going to be able to stand	sizturallıqsızyou all are going to be able to stand	alaturallıqdılathey are going to be able to stand
Ability — future II	menturallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to stand	senturallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to stand	olturallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to stand	bizturallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to stand	sizturallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to stand	alaturallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to stand
Ability — future II	menturallıqmamı? turallıqmıma?am I going to be able to stand?	senturallıqmısa?are you going to be able to stand?	olturallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to stand?	bizturallıqbızmı? turallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to stand?	sizturallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to stand?	alaturallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to stand?
Ability — future II	menturallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to stand?	senturallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to stand?	olturallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to stand?	bizturallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to stand?	sizturallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to stand?	alaturallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to stand?
Ability — would be able to…	menturalır edimturalır emI would be able to stand	senturalır ediŋturalır eŋyou would be able to stand	olturalır edituralır edhe would be able to stand	bizturalır edikturalır ekwe would be able to stand	sizturalır edigizturalır egizyou all would be able to stand	alaturalır edileturalır ellethey would be able to stand
Ability — would be able to…	menturalmaz edimturalmaz emI wouldn't be able to stand	senturalmaz ediŋturalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to stand	olturalmaz edituralmaz edhe wouldn't be able to stand	bizturalmaz edikturalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to stand	sizturalmaz edigizturalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to stand	alaturalmaz edileturalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to stand
Ability — would be able to…
Ability — would be able to…
Second-person optative — ability		senturalğınturalğımay you be able to stand
Second-person optative — ability		senturalmağınturalmağımay you not be able to stand
Second-person optative — ability
Second-person optative — ability

With another word

affirmativenegative

With another word — tururğa in its dictionary form with a second word carrying the person, across the six persons.
Frame	menI	senyou	olhe/she/it	bizwe	sizyou all	alathey
Wanting and intending
want to	mentururğa izleymeI want to stand	sentururğa izleyseyou want to stand	oltururğa izleydihe wants to stand	biztururğa izleybizwe want to stand	siztururğa izleysizyou all want to stand	alatururğa izleydilethey want to stand
want to	mentururğa izlemeymeI do not want to stand	sentururğa izlemeyseyou do not want to stand	oltururğa izlemeydihe does not want to stand	biztururğa izlemeybizwe do not want to stand	siztururğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to stand	alatururğa izlemeydilethey do not want to stand
would like to	mentururğa süemeI would like to stand	sentururğa süeseyou would like to stand	oltururğa süedihe would like to stand	biztururğa süebizwe would like to stand	siztururğa süesizyou all would like to stand	alatururğa süedilethey would like to stand
would like to	mentururğa süymeymeI would not like to stand	sentururğa süymeyseyou would not like to stand	oltururğa süymeydihe would not like to stand	biztururğa süymeybizwe would not like to stand	siztururğa süymeysizyou all would not like to stand	alatururğa süymeydilethey would not like to stand
hope to	mentururğa umutlanamaI hope to stand	sentururğa umutlanasayou hope to stand	oltururğa umutlanadıhe hopes to stand	biztururğa umutlanabızwe hope to stand	siztururğa umutlanasızyou all hope to stand	alatururğa umutlanadılathey hope to stand
hope to	mentururğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to stand	sentururğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to stand	oltururğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to stand	biztururğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to stand	siztururğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to stand	alatururğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to stand
be about to	mentururğa deb turamaI am about to stand	sentururğa deb turasayou are about to stand	oltururğa deb turadıhe is about to stand	biztururğa deb turabızwe are about to stand	siztururğa deb turasızyou all are about to stand	alatururğa deb turadılathey are about to stand
be about to	mentururğa deb turmaymaI am not about to stand	sentururğa deb turmaysayou are not about to stand	oltururğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to stand	biztururğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to stand	siztururğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to stand	alatururğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to stand
Need and obligation
need to	mentururğa kerekmeI need to stand	sentururğa kerekseyou need to stand	oltururğa kerekdihe needs to stand	biztururğa kerekbizwe need to stand	siztururğa kereksizyou all need to stand	alatururğa kerekdilethey need to stand
need to	mentururğa kerek tülmeI do not need to stand	sentururğa kerek tülseyou do not need to stand	oltururğa kerek tüldühe does not need to stand	biztururğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to stand	siztururğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to stand	alatururğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to stand
have to	menmenŋe tururğa tüşediI have to stand	sensenŋe tururğa tüşediyou have to stand	olaŋa tururğa tüşedihe has to stand	bizbizge tururğa tüşediwe have to stand	sizsizge tururğa tüşediyou all have to stand	alaalağa tururğa tüşedithey have to stand
have to	menmenŋe tururğa tüşmeydiI do not have to stand	sensenŋe tururğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to stand	olaŋa tururğa tüşmeydihe does not have to stand	bizbizge tururğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to stand	sizsizge tururğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to stand	alaalağa tururğa tüşmeydithey do not have to stand
be obliged to	mentururğa borçlumaI am obliged to stand	sentururğa borçlusayou are obliged to stand	oltururğa borçluduhe is obliged to stand	biztururğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to stand	siztururğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to stand	alatururğa borçludulathey are obliged to stand
be obliged to	mentururğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to stand	sentururğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to stand	oltururğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to stand	biztururğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to stand	siztururğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to stand	alatururğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to stand
Possibility and permission
have a way to	mentururğa madarım bardıI have a way to stand	sentururğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to stand	oltururğa madarı bardıhe has a way to stand	biztururğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to stand	siztururğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to stand	alatururğa madarları bardıthey have a way to stand
have a way to	mentururğa madarım joqduI have no way to stand	sentururğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to stand	oltururğa madarı joqduhe has no way to stand	biztururğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to stand	siztururğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to stand	alatururğa madarları joqduthey have no way to stand
be free to	mentururğa erkinligim bardıI am free to stand	sentururğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to stand	oltururğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to stand	biztururğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to stand	siztururğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to stand	alatururğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to stand
be free to	mentururğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to stand	sentururğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to stand	oltururğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to stand	biztururğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to stand	siztururğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to stand	alatururğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to stand
be possible to	menmenŋe tururğa bolluqduit is possible for me to stand	sensenŋe tururğa bolluqduit is possible for you to stand	olaŋa tururğa bolluqduit is possible for him to stand	bizbizge tururğa bolluqduit is possible for us to stand	sizsizge tururğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to stand	alaalağa tururğa bolluqduit is possible for them to stand
be possible to	menmenŋe tururğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to stand	sensenŋe tururğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to stand	olaŋa tururğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to stand	bizbizge tururğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to stand	sizsizge tururğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to stand	alaalağa tururğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to stand
be ready to	mentururğa hazırmaI am ready to stand	sentururğa hazırsayou are ready to stand	oltururğa hazırdıhe is ready to stand	biztururğa hazırbızwe are ready to stand	siztururğa hazırsızyou all are ready to stand	alatururğa hazırdılathey are ready to stand
be ready to	mentururğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to stand	sentururğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to stand	oltururğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to stand	biztururğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to stand	siztururğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to stand	alatururğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to stand
Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing
try to	mentururğa küreşemeI am trying to stand	sentururğa küreşeseyou are trying to stand	oltururğa küreşedihe is trying to stand	biztururğa küreşebizwe are trying to stand	siztururğa küreşesizyou all are trying to stand	alatururğa küreşedilethey are trying to stand
try to	mentururğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to stand	sentururğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to stand	oltururğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to stand	biztururğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to stand	siztururğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to stand	alatururğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to stand
agree to	mentururğa unaymaI agree to stand	sentururğa unaysayou agree to stand	oltururğa unaydıhe agrees to stand	biztururğa unaybızwe agree to stand	siztururğa unaysızyou all agree to stand	alatururğa unaydılathey agree to stand
agree to	mentururğa unamaymaI refuse to stand	sentururğa unamaysayou refuse to stand	oltururğa unamaydıhe refuses to stand	biztururğa unamaybızwe refuse to stand	siztururğa unamaysızyou all refuse to stand	alatururğa unamaydılathey refuse to stand
hurry to	mentururğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to stand	sentururğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to stand	oltururğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to stand	biztururğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to stand	siztururğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to stand	alatururğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to stand
hurry to	mentururğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to stand	sentururğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to stand	oltururğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to stand	biztururğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to stand	siztururğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to stand	alatururğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to stand
be afraid to	mentururğa qorqamaI am afraid to stand	sentururğa qorqasayou are afraid to stand	oltururğa qorqadıhe is afraid to stand	biztururğa qorqabızwe are afraid to stand	siztururğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to stand	alatururğa qorqadılathey are afraid to stand
be afraid to	mentururğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to stand	sentururğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to stand	oltururğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to stand	biztururğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to stand	siztururğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to stand	alatururğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to stand

Emphatic and rare forms

Emphatic and rare forms — forms of tururğa: the second negation of each tense that has one, across the six persons.
Form	menI	senyou	olhe/she/it	bizwe	sizyou all	alathey
Inference, present — auxiliary negated	mentura bolmazmaI can't be standing	sentura bolmazsayou can't be standing	oltura bolmazhe can't be standing	biztura bolmazbızwe can't be standing	siztura bolmazsızyou all can't be standing	alatura bolmazlathey can't be standing
Inference, present — double negation	menturmay bolmazmaI must be standing (emphatic)	senturmay bolmazsayou must be standing (emphatic)	olturmay bolmazhe must be standing (emphatic)	bizturmay bolmazbızwe must be standing (emphatic)	sizturmay bolmazsızyou all must be standing (emphatic)	alaturmay bolmazlathey must be standing (emphatic)
Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated	mentura turmasamif I don't keep standing	sentura turmasaŋif you don't keep standing	oltura turmasaif he doesn't keep standing	biztura turmasaqif we don't keep standing	siztura turmasağızif you all don't keep standing	alatura turmasalaif they don't keep standing
Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated	mentura tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of standing	sentura tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of standing	oltura tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of standing	biztura tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of standing	siztura tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of standing	alatura tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of standing
Inference, progressive — double negation	menturmay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not standing (emphatic)	senturmay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not standing (emphatic)	olturmay tura bolmazhe must keep on not standing (emphatic)	bizturmay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not standing (emphatic)	sizturmay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not standing (emphatic)	alaturmay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not standing (emphatic)
Progressive — verb negated	menturmay turamaI keep on not standing	senturmay turasayou keep on not standing	olturmay turadıhe keeps on not standing	bizturmay turabızwe keep on not standing	sizturmay turasızyou all keep on not standing	alaturmay turadılathey keep on not standing
Progressive — double negation	menturmay turmaymaI am not keeping on not standing	senturmay turmaysayou are not keeping on not standing	olturmay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not standing	bizturmay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not standing	sizturmay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not standing	alaturmay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not standing
Progressive — double negation	menturmay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not standing?	senturmay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not standing?	olturmay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not standing?	bizturmay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not standing?	sizturmay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not standing?	alaturmay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not standing?
Inference — auxiliary negated	menturğan bolmazmaI can't have stood	senturğan bolmazsayou can't have stood	olturğan bolmazhe can't have stood	bizturğan bolmazbızwe can't have stood	sizturğan bolmazsızyou all can't have stood	alaturğan bolmazlathey can't have stood
Inference — double negation	menturmağan bolmazmaI must have stood (emphatic)	senturmağan bolmazsayou must have stood (emphatic)	olturmağan bolmazhe must have stood (emphatic)	bizturmağan bolmazbızwe must have stood (emphatic)	sizturmağan bolmazsızyou all must have stood (emphatic)	alaturmağan bolmazlathey must have stood (emphatic)
Counterfactual — auxiliary negated	menturğan bolmasamif it weren't that I had stood	senturğan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had stood	olturğan bolmasaif it weren't that he had stood	bizturğan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had stood	sizturğan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had stood	alaturğan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had stood
Counterfactual — double negation	menturmağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't stood	senturmağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't stood	olturmağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't stood	bizturmağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't stood	sizturmağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't stood	alaturmağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't stood
Inference, future — auxiliary negated	menturluq bolmazmaI can't be going to stand	senturluq bolmazsayou can't be going to stand	olturluq bolmazhe can't be going to stand	bizturluq bolmazbızwe can't be going to stand	sizturluq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to stand	alaturluq bolmazlathey can't be going to stand
Inference, future — double negation	menturmazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to stand (emphatic)	senturmazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to stand (emphatic)	olturmazlıq bolmazhe must be going to stand (emphatic)	bizturmazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to stand (emphatic)	sizturmazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to stand (emphatic)	alaturmazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to stand (emphatic)
Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated	menturluq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to stand	senturluq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to stand	olturluq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to stand	bizturluq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to stand	sizturluq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to stand	alaturluq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to stand
Counterfactual future — double negation	menturmazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to stand	senturmazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to stand	olturmazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to stand	bizturmazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to stand	sizturmazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to stand	alaturmazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to stand