jol
/dʒol/ · plural jolla
1. road, path, track, route — Before another noun it means road or travel (jol azıq "food for the road").
- temir jol — railway
- ullu jol — highway
- qara jol — dirt road
- taw jol bek qıyındı — the mountain road is very difficult
- temir jol elge jetgendi — the railway has reached the village
- jolda — on the way
- jol azıq — food for the road
2. time, occasion — In this meaning it follows a number or a demonstrative and counts occurrences.
- bu jol — this time
- har jolda — every time
- eki jolda — two times, twice
- men mında eki jol bolğanma — I have been here twice
- bu jol senŋe kesim aytırma — this time I will tell you myself
3. journey, trip
- igi jolğa! — have a good journey!
- joluŋ açıq bolsun! — may your road be open!
4. way, means, method
- men başha jol körmeyme — I see no other way
- başha jol tabarğa kerekdi — another way must be found
- etillik jolu bılaydı — this is the way it is done
- tüzetir jol izlerge kerekbiz — we must look for a way to put it right
- hayır tüşürürge jol tabar — he will find a way to make a profit
5. course, direction, line
- tüz jol — the right path
- ters jol — the wrong path
- anı jolu başhadı — his course is a different one
- jaş atasını jolun tuthandı — the young man has followed his father's course
- halqnı jolu tüzdü — the people's course is the right one
6. order, way of life
- jaŋı jol — new order
- jaŋı jol kelgendi elge — a new order has come to the village
- biz ata jolubuznu saqlaybız — we keep to our fathers' way of life
- dinni jolu qatıdı — the order laid down by the faith is strict
7. passage, way through
- jol ber! — make way!
8. distance, way to cover
- üç sağatlıq jolda — three hours' way away
- jol uzaqdı — the way is long
- jolnu jarımın bardıq — we covered half the way
9. good fortune, luck, success — In this meaning it usually takes a possessive suffix and appears in wishes for someone's success.
- joluŋ bolsun! — good luck to you!
- jolum bolmadı — I had no luck
- jolu bolmawçu — an unlucky person
- jolu bolmağan adam mıdahdı — a person who has no luck is downcast
Expressions
- bu jol — this time
- jaşaw jolun tawusurğa — to die
- jeti jol ayırılğan jerge jeterge — choose one's path
- jol açarğa — open the way; enable wrongdoing
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | jolthe road | jolummy road | joluŋyour road | joluhis road | jolubuzour road | joluğuzyou all's road | jollarıtheir roads |
| Genitive | jolnuthe road's | jolumumy road's | joluŋuyour road's | jolunuhis road's | jolubuznuour road's | joluğuznuyou all's road's | jollarınıtheir roads' |
| Accusative | jolnuthe road (as the object) | jolumumy road (as the object) | joluŋuyour road (as the object) | jolunhis road (as the object) | jolubuznuour road (as the object) | joluğuznuyou all's road (as the object) | jollarıntheir roads (as the object) |
| Dative | jolğato the road | jolumato my road | joluŋato your road | jolunato his road | jolubuzğato our road | joluğuzğato you all's road | jollarınato their roads |
| Locative | joldain / at the road | jolumdain / at my road | joluŋdain / at your road | jolundain / at his road | jolubuzdain / at our road | joluğuzdain / at you all's road | jollarındain / at their roads |
| Ablative | joldanfrom the road | jolumdanfrom my road | joluŋdanfrom your road | jolundanfrom his road | jolubuzdanfrom our road | joluğuzdanfrom you all's road | jollarındanfrom their roads |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | jollathe roads | jollarımmy roads | jollarıŋyour roads | jollarıhis roads | jollarıbızour roads | jollarığızyou all's roads | jollarıtheir roads |
| Genitive | jollanıthe roads' | jollarımımy roads' | jollarıŋıyour roads' | jollarınıhis roads' | jollarıbıznıour roads' | jollarığıznıyou all's roads' | jollarınıtheir roads' |
| Accusative | jollanıthe roads (as the object) | jollarımımy roads (as the object) | jollarıŋıyour roads (as the object) | jollarınhis roads (as the object) | jollarıbıznıour roads (as the object) | jollarığıznıyou all's roads (as the object) | jollarıntheir roads (as the object) |
| Dative | jollağato the roads | jollarımato my roads | jollarıŋato your roads | jollarınato his roads | jollarıbızğato our roads | jollarığızğato you all's roads | jollarınato their roads |
| Locative | jolladain / at the roads | jollarımdain / at my roads | jollarıŋdain / at your roads | jollarındain / at his roads | jollarıbızdain / at our roads | jollarığızdain / at you all's roads | jollarındain / at their roads |
| Ablative | jolladanfrom the roads | jollarımdanfrom my roads | jollarıŋdanfrom your roads | jollarındanfrom his roads | jollarıbızdanfrom our roads | jollarığızdanfrom you all's roads | jollarındanfrom their roads |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: jolları can mean "his / her roads", "their road", or "their roads" — context decides.
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.