jıyarğa
/dʒɯjarʁa/
1. gather, collect, bring together, call together
- halqnı jıyarğa — to call the people together
- bir jerge jıyarğa — to gather into one place
- gokka hansla jıyarğa — to gather flowers
- jasaq jıyarğa — to collect tribute
- küç jıydım — I gathered strength
2. save up, lay by, amass
- açha jıyarğa — to save up money
- jüz som jıyarğa — to save up a hundred rubles
- baylıq jıyarğa — to amass wealth
3. gather in, harvest — Also used for picking flowers or berries: gokka hansla jıyarğa, jilek jıyarğa.
- bitimni jıyarğa — to bring in the harvest
- gardoşnu jıyıb başlaydıla — they are starting to lift the potatoes
- bitgen kögetleni jıyarğa — to harvest ripe fruit
4. tidy up, clear away
- sawutlanı jıyarğa — to clear away the dishes
- üy jıyarğa — to tidy the room
- egeçim üynü jıyadı — my sister tidies the house
- hapçükleni üyge jıyığız — put the things away in the house
5. assemble, put together, make up (a machine, a company)
- maşinanı jıyarğa — to assemble the machine
- jaŋı maşina jıyarğa — to assemble a new machine
- rotanı jıyarğa — to make up the company
6. put something away somewhere, stow, pack; lock someone up, arrest
- çemodanŋa jıyarğa — to pack into the suitcase
- kelinni qaysı üyge jıyarıqbız? — which room will we put the bride in?
- mallanı bawğa jıyığız — drive the cattle into the byre
- ayaqların jıyarğa — to draw one's feet up under one
- amanlıqçını jıyarğa — to arrest the criminal
- türmege jıyarğa — to put someone in prison
7. lay in, put by for later, stock up — Used of stocking up supplies, as in qışha qatıq jıyarğa 'lay in dairy products for the winter'; compare saving money.
- qışha qatıq jıyarğa — to lay in dairy food for the winter
- qışha otun jıyarğa — to lay in firewood for the winter
- azıq jıyarğa — to lay in provisions
8. drive in, bring in, herd (people or animals) to a place
- sürüb jıyarğa — to drive in
- jel bılayğa qum jıyğandı — the wind has driven sand in here
- anı beri bir jıyalsaq — if only we could lure him here
9. take or carry (someone or something) as far as a place one source
- alay ete alanı qoşha jıydım — that way I got them as far as the camp
10. set in type, typeset
- kitabnı jıyıb başladıla — they began to set the book
- jıyğan tseh — the composing shop
- zametkanı petit etib jıyarğa — to set the note in small type
11. gather one's wits, compose oneself, come to one's senses no dictionary source
- esin jıyarğa — to gather one's wits, to come to one's senses
- esin jıydı — he gathered his wits
- esigizni jıyığız — gather your wits
12. bring (people) to order, discipline, marshal no dictionary source
- joruqğa jıyarğa — to bring to order
- joruqğa jıydı — he brought them to order
- halqnı joruqğa jıydıla — they brought the people to order
Expressions
- aqılın başına jıyarğa — collect one's thoughts
- ayağın jıyarğa — recover after childbirth
- bir mashapha jıyarğa — bring into line
- duniyanı başına jıyğan — deeply learned
Conjugation
Common forms
- jıyadıhe is gathering
- jıydıhe gathered
- jıyğandıhe has gathered
- jıyarhe will gather
- jıyarıqdıhe is going to gather
- jıya edihe was gathering
- jıysaif he gathers
- jıy!gather!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjıyamaI am gathering | senjıyasayou are gathering | oljıyadıhe is gathering | bizjıyabızwe are gathering | sizjıyasızyou all are gathering | alajıyadılathey are gathering |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjıymaymaI am not gathering | senjıymaysayou are not gathering | oljıymaydıhe is not gathering | bizjıymaybızwe are not gathering | sizjıymaysızyou all are not gathering | alajıymaydılathey are not gathering |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjıyamamı? jıyamıma?am I gathering? | senjıyamısa?are you gathering? | oljıyamıdı?is he gathering? | bizjıyabızmı? jıyamıbız?are we gathering? | sizjıyamısız?are you all gathering? | alajıyamıdıla?are they gathering? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjıymaymamı? jıymaymıma?aren't I gathering? | senjıymaymısa?aren't you gathering? | oljıymaymıdı?isn't he gathering? | bizjıymaybızmı? jıymaymıbız?aren't we gathering? | sizjıymaymısız?aren't you all gathering? | alajıymaymıdıla?aren't they gathering? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjıyıwçanmaI usually gather | senjıyıwçansayou usually gather | oljıyıwçandıhe usually gathers | bizjıyıwçanbızwe usually gather | sizjıyıwçansızyou all usually gather | alajıyıwçandılathey usually gather |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjıymawçanmaI usually don't gather | senjıymawçansayou usually don't gather | oljıymawçandıhe usually doesn't gather | bizjıymawçanbızwe usually don't gather | sizjıymawçansızyou all usually don't gather | alajıymawçandılathey usually don't gather |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjıyıwçanmamı? jıyıwçanmıma?do I usually gather? | senjıyıwçanmısa?do you usually gather? | oljıyıwçanmıdı?does he usually gather? | bizjıyıwçanbızmı? jıyıwçanmıbız?do we usually gather? | sizjıyıwçanmısız?do you all usually gather? | alajıyıwçanmıdıla?do they usually gather? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjıymawçanmamı? jıymawçanmıma?do I usually not gather? | senjıymawçanmısa?do you usually not gather? | oljıymawçanmıdı?does he usually not gather? | bizjıymawçanbızmı? jıymawçanmıbız?do we usually not gather? | sizjıymawçanmısız?do you all usually not gather? | alajıymawçanmıdıla?do they usually not gather? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljıyıbdıhe has gathered and remains so | alajıyıbdılathey have gathered and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljıyıbmıdı?has he gathered? | alajıyıbmıdıla?have they gathered? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjıyıb turamaI keep gathering | senjıyıb turasayou keep gathering | oljıyıb turadıhe keeps gathering | bizjıyıb turabızwe keep gathering | sizjıyıb turasızyou all keep gathering | alajıyıb turadılathey keep gathering |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjıyıb turmaymaI don't keep gathering | senjıyıb turmaysayou don't keep gathering | oljıyıb turmaydıhe doesn't keep gathering | bizjıyıb turmaybızwe don't keep gathering | sizjıyıb turmaysızyou all don't keep gathering | alajıyıb turmaydılathey don't keep gathering |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjıyıb turamamı? jıyıb turamıma?do I keep gathering? | senjıyıb turamısa?do you keep gathering? | oljıyıb turamıdı?does he keep gathering? | bizjıyıb turabızmı? jıyıb turamıbız?do we keep gathering? | sizjıyıb turamısız?do you all keep gathering? | alajıyıb turamıdıla?do they keep gathering? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjıyıb turmaymamı? jıyıb turmaymıma?don't I keep gathering? | senjıyıb turmaymısa?don't you keep gathering? | oljıyıb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep gathering? | bizjıyıb turmaybızmı? jıyıb turmaymıbız?don't we keep gathering? | sizjıyıb turmaymısız?don't you all keep gathering? | alajıyıb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep gathering? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjıya turamaI am in the middle of gathering | senjıya turasayou are in the middle of gathering | oljıya turadıhe is in the middle of gathering | bizjıya turabızwe are in the middle of gathering | sizjıya turasızyou all are in the middle of gathering | alajıya turadılathey are in the middle of gathering |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjıya turmaymaI am not in the middle of gathering | senjıya turmaysayou are not in the middle of gathering | oljıya turmaydıhe is not in the middle of gathering | bizjıya turmaybızwe are not in the middle of gathering | sizjıya turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of gathering | alajıya turmaydılathey are not in the middle of gathering |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjıya turamamı? jıya turamıma?am I in the middle of gathering? | senjıya turamısa?are you in the middle of gathering? | oljıya turamıdı?is he in the middle of gathering? | bizjıya turabızmı? jıya turamıbız?are we in the middle of gathering? | sizjıya turamısız?are you all in the middle of gathering? | alajıya turamıdıla?are they in the middle of gathering? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjıya turmaymamı? jıya turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of gathering? | senjıya turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of gathering? | oljıya turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of gathering? | bizjıya turmaybızmı? jıya turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of gathering? | sizjıya turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of gathering? | alajıya turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of gathering? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjıydımI gathered | senjıydıŋyou gathered | oljıydıhe gathered | bizjıydıqwe gathered | sizjıydığızyou all gathered | alajıydılathey gathered |
| Simple past (definite) | menjıymadımI didn't gather | senjıymadıŋyou didn't gather | oljıymadıhe didn't gather | bizjıymadıqwe didn't gather | sizjıymadığızyou all didn't gather | alajıymadılathey didn't gather |
| Simple past (definite) | menjıydımmı?did I gather? | senjıydıŋmı?did you gather? | oljıydımı?did he gather? | bizjıydıqmı?did we gather? | sizjıydığızmı?did you all gather? | alajıydılamı?did they gather? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjıymadımmı?didn't I gather? | senjıymadıŋmı?didn't you gather? | oljıymadımı?didn't he gather? | bizjıymadıqmı?didn't we gather? | sizjıymadığızmı?didn't you all gather? | alajıymadılamı?didn't they gather? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjıyğanmaI have gathered | senjıyğansayou have gathered | oljıyğandıhe has gathered | bizjıyğanbızwe have gathered | sizjıyğansızyou all have gathered | alajıyğandılathey have gathered |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjıymağanmaI haven't gathered | senjıymağansayou haven't gathered | oljıymağandıhe hasn't gathered | bizjıymağanbızwe haven't gathered | sizjıymağansızyou all haven't gathered | alajıymağandılathey haven't gathered |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjıyğanmamı? jıyğanmıma?have I gathered? | senjıyğanmısa?have you gathered? | oljıyğanmıdı?has he gathered? | bizjıyğanbızmı? jıyğanmıbız?have we gathered? | sizjıyğanmısız?have you all gathered? | alajıyğanmıdıla?have they gathered? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjıymağanmamı? jıymağanmıma?haven't I gathered? | senjıymağanmısa?haven't you gathered? | oljıymağanmıdı?hasn't he gathered? | bizjıymağanbızmı? jıymağanmıbız?haven't we gathered? | sizjıymağanmısız?haven't you all gathered? | alajıymağanmıdıla?haven't they gathered? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjıyıb turdumI kept gathering | senjıyıb turduŋyou kept gathering | oljıyıb turduhe kept gathering | bizjıyıb turduqwe kept gathering | sizjıyıb turduğuzyou all kept gathering | alajıyıb turdulathey kept gathering |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjıyıb turmadımI didn't keep gathering | senjıyıb turmadıŋyou didn't keep gathering | oljıyıb turmadıhe didn't keep gathering | bizjıyıb turmadıqwe didn't keep gathering | sizjıyıb turmadığızyou all didn't keep gathering | alajıyıb turmadılathey didn't keep gathering |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjıyarmaI will gather | senjıyarsayou will gather | oljıyarhe will gather | bizjıyarbızwe will gather | sizjıyarsızyou all will gather | alajıyarlathey will gather |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjıymazmaI won't gather | senjıymazsayou won't gather | oljıymazhe won't gather | bizjıymazbızwe won't gather | sizjıymazsızyou all won't gather | alajıymazlathey won't gather |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjıyarmamı? jıyarmıma?will I gather? | senjıyarmısa?will you gather? | oljıyarmı?will he gather? | bizjıyarbızmı? jıyarmıbız?will we gather? | sizjıyarmısız?will you all gather? | alajıyarlamı? jıyarmıla?will they gather? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjıymazmamı? jıymazmıma?won't I gather? | senjıymazmısa?won't you gather? | oljıymazmı?won't he gather? | bizjıymazbızmı? jıymazmıbız?won't we gather? | sizjıymazmısız?won't you all gather? | alajıymazlamı? jıymazmıla?won't they gather? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjıyarıqmaI am going to gather | senjıyarıqsayou are going to gather | oljıyarıqdıhe is going to gather | bizjıyarıqbızwe are going to gather | sizjıyarıqsızyou all are going to gather | alajıyarıqdılathey are going to gather |
| Definite future (future II) | menjıyarıq tülmeI am not going to gather | senjıyarıq tülseyou are not going to gather | oljıyarıq tüldühe is not going to gather | bizjıyarıq tülbüzwe are not going to gather | sizjıyarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to gather | alajıyarıq tüldülethey are not going to gather |
| Definite future (future II) | menjıyarıqmamı? jıyarıqmıma?am I going to gather? | senjıyarıqmısa?are you going to gather? | oljıyarıqmıdı?is he going to gather? | bizjıyarıqbızmı? jıyarıqmıbız?are we going to gather? | sizjıyarıqmısız?are you all going to gather? | alajıyarıqmıdıla?are they going to gather? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjıyarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to gather? | senjıyarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to gather? | oljıyarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to gather? | bizjıyarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to gather? | sizjıyarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to gather? | alajıyarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to gather? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjıyğan edimjıyğanemI had gathered | senjıyğan ediŋjıyğaneŋyou had gathered | oljıyğan edijıyğanedhe had gathered | bizjıyğan edikjıyğanekwe had gathered | sizjıyğan edigizjıyğanegizyou all had gathered | alajıyğan edilejıyğanellethey had gathered |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjıymağan edimjıymağanemI hadn't gathered | senjıymağan ediŋjıymağaneŋyou hadn't gathered | oljıymağan edijıymağanedhe hadn't gathered | bizjıymağan edikjıymağanekwe hadn't gathered | sizjıymağan edigizjıymağanegizyou all hadn't gathered | alajıymağan edilejıymağanellethey hadn't gathered |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjıya edimjıyaemI was gathering | senjıya ediŋjıyaeŋyou were gathering | oljıya edijıyaedhe was gathering | bizjıya edikjıyaekwe were gathering | sizjıya edigizjıyaegizyou all were gathering | alajıya edilejıyaellethey were gathering |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjıymay edimjıymayemI wasn't gathering | senjıymay ediŋjıymayeŋyou weren't gathering | oljıymay edijıymayedhe wasn't gathering | bizjıymay edikjıymayekwe weren't gathering | sizjıymay edigizjıymayegizyou all weren't gathering | alajıymay edilejıymayellethey weren't gathering |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menjıyıwçan edimjıyıwçanemI used to gather | senjıyıwçan ediŋjıyıwçaneŋyou used to gather | oljıyıwçan edijıyıwçanedhe used to gather | bizjıyıwçan edikjıyıwçanekwe used to gather | sizjıyıwçan edigizjıyıwçanegizyou all used to gather | alajıyıwçan edilejıyıwçanellethey used to gather |
| Habitual past (used to) | menjıymawçan edimjıymawçanemI didn't use to gather | senjıymawçan ediŋjıymawçaneŋyou didn't use to gather | oljıymawçan edijıymawçanedhe didn't use to gather | bizjıymawçan edikjıymawçanekwe didn't use to gather | sizjıymawçan edigizjıymawçanegizyou all didn't use to gather | alajıymawçan edilejıymawçanellethey didn't use to gather |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljıyıb edihe had gathered and remained so | alajıyıb edilethey had gathered and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljıyıb tül edihe hadn't gathered | alajıyıb tül edilethey hadn't gathered | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjıyıb tura edimjıyıb turaemI had kept gathering | senjıyıb tura ediŋjıyıb turaeŋyou had kept gathering | oljıyıb tura edijıyıb turaedhe had kept gathering | bizjıyıb tura edikjıyıb turaekwe had kept gathering | sizjıyıb tura edigizjıyıb turaegizyou all had kept gathering | alajıyıb tura edilejıyıb turaellethey had kept gathering |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjıyıb turmay edimjıyıb turmayemI hadn't kept gathering | senjıyıb turmay ediŋjıyıb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept gathering | oljıyıb turmay edijıyıb turmayedhe hadn't kept gathering | bizjıyıb turmay edikjıyıb turmayekwe hadn't kept gathering | sizjıyıb turmay edigizjıyıb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept gathering | alajıyıb turmay edilejıyıb turmayellethey hadn't kept gathering |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjıya tura edimjıya turaemI was in the middle of gathering | senjıya tura ediŋjıya turaeŋyou were in the middle of gathering | oljıya tura edijıya turaedhe was in the middle of gathering | bizjıya tura edikjıya turaekwe were in the middle of gathering | sizjıya tura edigizjıya turaegizyou all were in the middle of gathering | alajıya tura edilejıya turaellethey were in the middle of gathering |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjıya turmay edimjıya turmayemI wasn't in the middle of gathering | senjıya turmay ediŋjıya turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of gathering | oljıya turmay edijıya turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of gathering | bizjıya turmay edikjıya turmayekwe weren't in the middle of gathering | sizjıya turmay edigizjıya turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of gathering | alajıya turmay edilejıya turmayellethey weren't in the middle of gathering |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menjıyar edimjıyar emI would gather | senjıyar ediŋjıyar eŋyou would gather | oljıyar edijıyar edhe would gather | bizjıyar edikjıyar ekwe would gather | sizjıyar edigizjıyar egizyou all would gather | alajıyar edilejıyar ellethey would gather |
| Conditional result (would) | menjıymaz edimjıymaz emI wouldn't gather | senjıymaz ediŋjıymaz eŋyou wouldn't gather | oljıymaz edijıymaz edhe wouldn't gather | bizjıymaz edikjıymaz ekwe wouldn't gather | sizjıymaz edigizjıymaz egizyou all wouldn't gather | alajıymaz edilejıymaz ellethey wouldn't gather |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjıyarıq edimjıyarıq emI would have gathered | senjıyarıq ediŋjıyarıq eŋyou would have gathered | oljıyarıq edijıyarıq edhe would have gathered | bizjıyarıq edikjıyarıq ekwe would have gathered | sizjıyarıq edigizjıyarıq egizyou all would have gathered | alajıyarıq edilejıyarıq ellethey would have gathered |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjıyarıq tül edimjıyarıq tül emI wouldn't have gathered | senjıyarıq tül ediŋjıyarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have gathered | oljıyarıq tül edijıyarıq tül edhe wouldn't have gathered | bizjıyarıq tül edikjıyarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have gathered | sizjıyarıq tül edigizjıyarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have gathered | alajıyarıq tül edilejıyarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have gathered |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menjıysamif I gather | senjıysaŋif you gather | oljıysaif he gathers | bizjıysaqif we gather | sizjıysağızif you all gather | alajıysalaif they gather |
| Conditional | menjıymasamif I don't gather | senjıymasaŋif you don't gather | oljıymasaif he doesn't gather | bizjıymasaqif we don't gather | sizjıymasağızif you all don't gather | alajıymasalaif they don't gather |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menjıya esemif I am gathering | senjıya eseŋif you are gathering | oljıya eseif he is gathering | bizjıya esekif we are gathering | sizjıya esegizif you all are gathering | alajıya eseleif they are gathering |
| Conditional, present real | menjıymay esemif I am not gathering | senjıymay eseŋif you are not gathering | oljıymay eseif he is not gathering | bizjıymay esekif we are not gathering | sizjıymay esegizif you all are not gathering | alajıymay eseleif they are not gathering |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjıysam edijıysam edif only I gathered | senjıysaŋ edijıysaŋ edif only you gathered | oljıysa edijıysaedif only he gathered | bizjıysaq edijıysaq edif only we gathered | sizjıysağız edijıysağız edif only you all gathered | alajıysala edijıysalaedif only they gathered |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjıymasam edijıymasam edif only I didn't gather | senjıymasaŋ edijıymasaŋ edif only you didn't gather | oljıymasa edijıymasaedif only he didn't gather | bizjıymasaq edijıymasaq edif only we didn't gather | sizjıymasağız edijıymasağız edif only you all didn't gather | alajıymasala edijıymasalaedif only they didn't gather |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menjıyıb tursamif I carry on gathering | senjıyıb tursaŋif you carry on gathering | oljıyıb tursaif he carries on gathering | bizjıyıb tursaqif we carry on gathering | sizjıyıb tursağızif you all carry on gathering | alajıyıb tursalaif they carry on gathering |
| Durative conditional | menjıyıb turmasamif I don't carry on gathering | senjıyıb turmasaŋif you don't carry on gathering | oljıyıb turmasaif he doesn't carry on gathering | bizjıyıb turmasaqif we don't carry on gathering | sizjıyıb turmasağızif you all don't carry on gathering | alajıyıb turmasalaif they don't carry on gathering |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menjıyıb tura esemif I have kept gathering | senjıyıb tura eseŋif you have kept gathering | oljıyıb tura eseif he has kept gathering | bizjıyıb tura esekif we have kept gathering | sizjıyıb tura esegizif you all have kept gathering | alajıyıb tura eseleif they have kept gathering |
| Durative conditional, present real | menjıyıb turmay esemif I haven't kept gathering | senjıyıb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept gathering | oljıyıb turmay eseif he hasn't kept gathering | bizjıyıb turmay esekif we haven't kept gathering | sizjıyıb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept gathering | alajıyıb turmay eseleif they haven't kept gathering |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menjıya tursamif I keep gathering | senjıya tursaŋif you keep gathering | oljıya tursaif he keeps gathering | bizjıya tursaqif we keep gathering | sizjıya tursağızif you all keep gathering | alajıya tursalaif they keep gathering |
| Progressive conditional | menjıymay tursamif I keep on not gathering | senjıymay tursaŋif you keep on not gathering | oljıymay tursaif he keeps on not gathering | bizjıymay tursaqif we keep on not gathering | sizjıymay tursağızif you all keep on not gathering | alajıymay tursalaif they keep on not gathering |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjıya tura esemif I am in the middle of gathering | senjıya tura eseŋif you are in the middle of gathering | oljıya tura eseif he is in the middle of gathering | bizjıya tura esekif we are in the middle of gathering | sizjıya tura esegizif you all are in the middle of gathering | alajıya tura eseleif they are in the middle of gathering |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjıymay tura esemif I keep on not gathering | senjıymay tura eseŋif you keep on not gathering | oljıymay tura eseif he keeps on not gathering | bizjıymay tura esekif we keep on not gathering | sizjıymay tura esegizif you all keep on not gathering | alajıymay tura eseleif they keep on not gathering |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menjıydım esemif I gathered | senjıydıŋ eseŋif you gathered | oljıydı eseif he gathered | bizjıydıq esekif we gathered | sizjıydığız esegizif you all gathered | alajıydıla eseleif they gathered |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menjıymadım esemif I didn't gather | senjıymadıŋ eseŋif you didn't gather | oljıymadı eseif he didn't gather | bizjıymadıq esekif we didn't gather | sizjıymadığız esegizif you all didn't gather | alajıymadıla eseleif they didn't gather |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menjıyğan esemif I did gather (indeed) | senjıyğan eseŋif you did gather (indeed) | oljıyğan eseif he did gather (indeed) | bizjıyğan esekif we did gather (indeed) | sizjıyğan esegizif you all did gather (indeed) | alajıyğan eseleif they did gather (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menjıymağan esemif I didn't gather (indeed) | senjıymağan eseŋif you didn't gather (indeed) | oljıymağan eseif he didn't gather (indeed) | bizjıymağan esekif we didn't gather (indeed) | sizjıymağan esegizif you all didn't gather (indeed) | alajıymağan eseleif they didn't gather (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjıyğan bolsamif I had gathered | senjıyğan bolsaŋif you had gathered | oljıyğan bolsaif he had gathered | bizjıyğan bolsaqif we had gathered | sizjıyğan bolsağızif you all had gathered | alajıyğan bolsalaif they had gathered |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjıymağan bolsamif I hadn't gathered | senjıymağan bolsaŋif you hadn't gathered | oljıymağan bolsaif he hadn't gathered | bizjıymağan bolsaqif we hadn't gathered | sizjıymağan bolsağızif you all hadn't gathered | alajıymağan bolsalaif they hadn't gathered |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjıyğan bolsam edijıyğan bolsam edif only I had gathered | senjıyğan bolsaŋ edijıyğan bolsaŋ edif only you had gathered | oljıyğan bolsa edijıyğan bolsaedif only he had gathered | bizjıyğan bolsaq edijıyğan bolsaq edif only we had gathered | sizjıyğan bolsağız edijıyğan bolsağız edif only you all had gathered | alajıyğan bolsala edijıyğan bolsalaedif only they had gathered |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjıymağan bolsam edijıymağan bolsam edif only I hadn't gathered | senjıymağan bolsaŋ edijıymağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't gathered | oljıymağan bolsa edijıymağan bolsaedif only he hadn't gathered | bizjıymağan bolsaq edijıymağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't gathered | sizjıymağan bolsağız edijıymağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't gathered | alajıymağan bolsala edijıymağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't gathered |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menjıyar esemif I will gather | senjıyar eseŋif you will gather | oljıyar eseif he will gather | bizjıyar esekif we will gather | sizjıyar esegizif you all will gather | alajıyar eseleif they will gather |
| Conditional, aorist | menjıymaz esemif I won't gather | senjıymaz eseŋif you won't gather | oljıymaz eseif he won't gather | bizjıymaz esekif we won't gather | sizjıymaz esegizif you all won't gather | alajıymaz eseleif they won't gather |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menjıyarıq esemif I am going to gather | senjıyarıq eseŋif you are going to gather | oljıyarıq eseif he is going to gather | bizjıyarıq esekif we are going to gather | sizjıyarıq esegizif you all are going to gather | alajıyarıq eseleif they are going to gather |
| Conditional, future | menjıyarıq tül esemif I am not going to gather | senjıyarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to gather | oljıyarıq tül eseif he is not going to gather | bizjıyarıq tül esekif we are not going to gather | sizjıyarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to gather | alajıyarıq tül eseleif they are not going to gather |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjıyarıq bolsamif I were going to gather | senjıyarıq bolsaŋif you were going to gather | oljıyarıq bolsaif he were going to gather | bizjıyarıq bolsaqif we were going to gather | sizjıyarıq bolsağızif you all were going to gather | alajıyarıq bolsalaif they were going to gather |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjıymazlıq bolsamif I were not going to gather | senjıymazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to gather | oljıymazlıq bolsaif he were not going to gather | bizjıymazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to gather | sizjıymazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to gather | alajıymazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to gather |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso jıydıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjıya bolurmaI must be gathering | senjıya bolursayou must be gathering | oljıya bolurhe must be gathering | bizjıya bolurbuzwe must be gathering | sizjıya bolursuzyou all must be gathering | alajıya bolurlathey must be gathering |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjıymay bolurmaI must not be gathering | senjıymay bolursayou must not be gathering | oljıymay bolurhe must not be gathering | bizjıymay bolurbuzwe must not be gathering | sizjıymay bolursuzyou all must not be gathering | alajıymay bolurlathey must not be gathering |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjıya tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of gathering | senjıya tura bolursayou must be in the middle of gathering | oljıya tura bolurhe must be in the middle of gathering | bizjıya tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of gathering | sizjıya tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of gathering | alajıya tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of gathering |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjıymay tura bolurmaI must keep on not gathering | senjıymay tura bolursayou must keep on not gathering | oljıymay tura bolurhe must keep on not gathering | bizjıymay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not gathering | sizjıymay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not gathering | alajıymay tura bolurlathey must keep on not gathering |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menjıyğan bolurmaI must have gathered | senjıyğan bolursayou must have gathered | oljıyğan bolurhe must have gathered | bizjıyğan bolurbuzwe must have gathered | sizjıyğan bolursuzyou all must have gathered | alajıyğan bolurlathey must have gathered |
| Inference (must have) | menjıymağan bolurmaI must not have gathered | senjıymağan bolursayou must not have gathered | oljıymağan bolurhe must not have gathered | bizjıymağan bolurbuzwe must not have gathered | sizjıymağan bolursuzyou all must not have gathered | alajıymağan bolurlathey must not have gathered |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjıyarıq bolurmaI must be going to gather | senjıyarıq bolursayou must be going to gather | oljıyarıq bolurhe must be going to gather | bizjıyarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to gather | sizjıyarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to gather | alajıyarıq bolurlathey must be going to gather |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjıymazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to gather | senjıymazlıq bolursayou must not be going to gather | oljıymazlıq bolurhe must not be going to gather | bizjıymazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to gather | sizjıymazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to gather | alajıymazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to gather |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menjıyayımlet me gather | senjıy!gather! | oljıysınlet him gather | bizjıyayıqlet's gather | sizjıyığız!gather, you all! | alajıysınlalet them gather |
| Commands & suggestions | menjıymayımlet me not gather | senjıyma!don't gather! | oljıymasınlet him not gather | bizjıymayıqlet's not gather | sizjıymağız!don't gather, you all! | alajıymasınlalet them not gather |
| Commands & suggestions | menjıyayımmı?shall I gather? | oljıysınmı?should he gather? | bizjıyayıqmı?shall we gather? | alajıysınlamı?should they gather? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menjıymayımmı?shall I not gather? | oljıymasınmı?should he not gather? | bizjıymayıqmı?shall we not gather? | alajıymasınlamı?should they not gather? | ||
| Requests | senjıyçı2jıyçınplease gather | oljıysınçıdo let him gather | sizjıyçığızplease gather (plural/polite) | alajıysınlaçıdo let them gather | ||
| Requests | senjıymaçı2jıymaçınplease don't gather | oljıymasınçıdo let him not gather | sizjıymaçığızplease don't gather (plural/polite) | alajıymasınlaçıdo let them not gather | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjıyğınjıyğımay you gather | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjıymağınjıymağımay you not gather | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjıyğay edim jıyğa edimwould that I gathered | senjıyğay ediŋ jıyğa ediŋwould that you gathered | oljıyğay edi jıyğa ediwould that he gathered | bizjıyğay edik jıyğa edikwould that we gathered | sizjıyğay edigiz jıyğa edigizwould that you all gathered | alajıyğay edile jıyğa edilewould that they gathered |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjıymağay edim jıymağa edimwould that I did not gather | senjıymağay ediŋ jıymağa ediŋwould that you did not gather | oljıymağay edi jıymağa ediwould that he did not gather | bizjıymağay edik jıymağa edikwould that we did not gather | sizjıymağay edigiz jıymağa edigizwould that you all did not gather | alajıymağay edile jıymağa edilewould that they did not gather |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjıymağa qoyayımjıyma qoyayımlet me allow someone to gather | senjıymağa qoy!jıyma qoy!let someone gather! | oljıymağa qoysunjıyma qoysunlet him allow someone to gather | bizjıymağa qoyayıqjıyma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to gather | sizjıymağa qoyuğuz!jıyma qoyuğuz!let someone gather, you all! | alajıymağa qoysunlajıyma qoysunlalet them allow someone to gather |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjıymağa qoymayımjıyma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to gather | senjıymağa qoyma!jıyma qoyma!don't let someone gather! | oljıymağa qoymasınjıyma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to gather | bizjıymağa qoymayıqjıyma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to gather | sizjıymağa qoymağız!jıyma qoymağız!don't let someone gather, you all! | alajıymağa qoymasınlajıyma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to gather |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjıymağa qoyayımmı?jıyma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to gather? | oljıymağa qoysunmu?jıyma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to gather? | bizjıymağa qoyayıqmı?jıyma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to gather? | alajıymağa qoysunlamı?jıyma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to gather? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjıymağa qoymayımmı?jıyma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to gather? | oljıymağa qoymasınmı?jıyma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to gather? | bizjıymağa qoymayıqmı?jıyma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to gather? | alajıymağa qoymasınlamı?jıyma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to gather? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menjıymağa qoyamajıyma qoyamaI allow someone to gather | senjıymağa qoyasajıyma qoyasayou allow someone to gather | oljıymağa qoyadıjıyma qoyadıhe allows someone to gather | bizjıymağa qoyabızjıyma qoyabızwe allow someone to gather | sizjıymağa qoyasızjıyma qoyasızyou all allow someone to gather | alajıymağa qoyadılajıyma qoyadılathey allow someone to gather |
| Let someone… (present) | menjıymağa qoymaymajıyma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to gather | senjıymağa qoymaysajıyma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to gather | oljıymağa qoymaydıjıyma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to gather | bizjıymağa qoymaybızjıyma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to gather | sizjıymağa qoymaysızjıyma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to gather | alajıymağa qoymaydılajıyma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to gather |
| Let someone… (present) | menjıymağa qoyamamı?jıyma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to gather? | senjıymağa qoyamısa?jıyma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to gather? | oljıymağa qoyamıdı?jıyma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to gather? | bizjıymağa qoyabızmı?jıyma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to gather? | sizjıymağa qoyamısız?jıyma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to gather? | alajıymağa qoyamıdıla?jıyma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to gather? |
| Let someone… (present) | menjıymağa qoymaymamı?jıyma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to gather? | senjıymağa qoymaymısa?jıyma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to gather? | oljıymağa qoymaymıdı?jıyma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to gather? | bizjıymağa qoymaybızmı?jıyma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to gather? | sizjıymağa qoymaymısız?jıyma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to gather? | alajıymağa qoymaymıdıla?jıyma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to gather? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjıymağa qoydumjıyma qoydumI allowed someone to gather | senjıymağa qoyduŋjıyma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to gather | oljıymağa qoydujıyma qoyduhe allowed someone to gather | bizjıymağa qoyduqjıyma qoyduqwe allowed someone to gather | sizjıymağa qoyduğuzjıyma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to gather | alajıymağa qoydulajıyma qoydulathey allowed someone to gather |
| Let someone… (past) | menjıymağa qoymadımjıyma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to gather | senjıymağa qoymadıŋjıyma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to gather | oljıymağa qoymadıjıyma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to gather | bizjıymağa qoymadıqjıyma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to gather | sizjıymağa qoymadığızjıyma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to gather | alajıymağa qoymadılajıyma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to gather |
| Let someone… (past) | menjıymağa qoydummu?jıyma qoydummu?did I allow someone to gather? | senjıymağa qoyduŋmu?jıyma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to gather? | oljıymağa qoydumu?jıyma qoydumu?did he allow someone to gather? | bizjıymağa qoyduqmu?jıyma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to gather? | sizjıymağa qoyduğuzmu?jıyma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to gather? | alajıymağa qoydulamı?jıyma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to gather? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjıymağa qoymadımmı?jıyma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to gather? | senjıymağa qoymadıŋmı?jıyma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to gather? | oljıymağa qoymadımı?jıyma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to gather? | bizjıymağa qoymadıqmı?jıyma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to gather? | sizjıymağa qoymadığızmı?jıyma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to gather? | alajıymağa qoymadılamı?jıyma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to gather? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
jıyalırğa be able to gather · jıyalmazğa be unable to gather
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menjıyalamaI can gather | senjıyalasayou can gather | oljıyaladıhe can gather | bizjıyalabızwe can gather | sizjıyalasızyou all can gather | alajıyaladılathey can gather |
| Ability — present | menjıyalmaymaI can't gather | senjıyalmaysayou can't gather | oljıyalmaydıhe can't gather | bizjıyalmaybızwe can't gather | sizjıyalmaysızyou all can't gather | alajıyalmaydılathey can't gather |
| Ability — present | menjıyalamamı? jıyalamıma?can I gather? | senjıyalamısa?can you gather? | oljıyalamıdı?can he gather? | bizjıyalabızmı? jıyalamıbız?can we gather? | sizjıyalamısız?can you all gather? | alajıyalamıdıla?can they gather? |
| Ability — present | menjıyalmaymamı? jıyalmaymıma?can't I gather? | senjıyalmaymısa?can't you gather? | oljıyalmaymıdı?can't he gather? | bizjıyalmaybızmı? jıyalmaymıbız?can't we gather? | sizjıyalmaymısız?can't you all gather? | alajıyalmaymıdıla?can't they gather? |
| Ability — if I can… | menjıyalsamif I can gather | senjıyalsaŋif you can gather | oljıyalsaif he can gather | bizjıyalsaqif we can gather | sizjıyalsağızif you all can gather | alajıyalsalaif they can gather |
| Ability — if I can… | menjıyalmasamif I can't gather | senjıyalmasaŋif you can't gather | oljıyalmasaif he can't gather | bizjıyalmasaqif we can't gather | sizjıyalmasağızif you all can't gather | alajıyalmasalaif they can't gather |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menjıyaldımI was able to gather | senjıyaldıŋyou were able to gather | oljıyaldıhe was able to gather | bizjıyaldıqwe were able to gather | sizjıyaldığızyou all were able to gather | alajıyaldılathey were able to gather |
| Ability — simple past | menjıyalmadımI could not gather | senjıyalmadıŋyou could not gather | oljıyalmadıhe could not gather | bizjıyalmadıqwe could not gather | sizjıyalmadığızyou all could not gather | alajıyalmadılathey could not gather |
| Ability — simple past | menjıyaldımmı?was I able to gather? | senjıyaldıŋmı?were you able to gather? | oljıyaldımı?was he able to gather? | bizjıyaldıqmı?were we able to gather? | sizjıyaldığızmı?were you all able to gather? | alajıyaldılamı?were they able to gather? |
| Ability — simple past | menjıyalmadımmı?couldn't I gather? | senjıyalmadıŋmı?couldn't you gather? | oljıyalmadımı?couldn't he gather? | bizjıyalmadıqmı?couldn't we gather? | sizjıyalmadığızmı?couldn't you all gather? | alajıyalmadılamı?couldn't they gather? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjıyalğanmaI have been able to gather | senjıyalğansayou have been able to gather | oljıyalğandıhe has been able to gather | bizjıyalğanbızwe have been able to gather | sizjıyalğansızyou all have been able to gather | alajıyalğandılathey have been able to gather |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjıyalmağanmaI haven't been able to gather | senjıyalmağansayou haven't been able to gather | oljıyalmağandıhe hasn't been able to gather | bizjıyalmağanbızwe haven't been able to gather | sizjıyalmağansızyou all haven't been able to gather | alajıyalmağandılathey haven't been able to gather |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjıyalğanmamı? jıyalğanmıma?have I been able to gather? | senjıyalğanmısa?have you been able to gather? | oljıyalğanmıdı?has he been able to gather? | bizjıyalğanbızmı? jıyalğanmıbız?have we been able to gather? | sizjıyalğanmısız?have you all been able to gather? | alajıyalğanmıdıla?have they been able to gather? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjıyalmağanmamı? jıyalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to gather? | senjıyalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to gather? | oljıyalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to gather? | bizjıyalmağanbızmı? jıyalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to gather? | sizjıyalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to gather? | alajıyalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to gather? |
| Ability — past perfect | menjıyalğan edimjıyalğanemI had been able to gather | senjıyalğan ediŋjıyalğaneŋyou had been able to gather | oljıyalğan edijıyalğanedhe had been able to gather | bizjıyalğan edikjıyalğanekwe had been able to gather | sizjıyalğan edigizjıyalğanegizyou all had been able to gather | alajıyalğan edilejıyalğanellethey had been able to gather |
| Ability — past perfect | menjıyalmağan edimjıyalmağanemI hadn't been able to gather | senjıyalmağan ediŋjıyalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to gather | oljıyalmağan edijıyalmağanedhe hadn't been able to gather | bizjıyalmağan edikjıyalmağanekwe hadn't been able to gather | sizjıyalmağan edigizjıyalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to gather | alajıyalmağan edilejıyalmağanellethey hadn't been able to gather |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menjıyala edimjıyalaemI could gather | senjıyala ediŋjıyalaeŋyou could gather | oljıyala edijıyalaedhe could gather | bizjıyala edikjıyalaekwe could gather | sizjıyala edigizjıyalaegizyou all could gather | alajıyala edilejıyalaellethey could gather |
| Ability — past background | menjıyalmay edimjıyalmayemI could not gather | senjıyalmay ediŋjıyalmayeŋyou could not gather | oljıyalmay edijıyalmayedhe could not gather | bizjıyalmay edikjıyalmayekwe could not gather | sizjıyalmay edigizjıyalmayegizyou all could not gather | alajıyalmay edilejıyalmayellethey could not gather |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menjıyalırmaI will be able to gather | senjıyalırsayou will be able to gather | oljıyalırhe will be able to gather | bizjıyalırbızwe will be able to gather | sizjıyalırsızyou all will be able to gather | alajıyalırlathey will be able to gather |
| Ability — future I | menjıyalmazmaI won't be able to gather | senjıyalmazsayou won't be able to gather | oljıyalmazhe won't be able to gather | bizjıyalmazbızwe won't be able to gather | sizjıyalmazsızyou all won't be able to gather | alajıyalmazlathey won't be able to gather |
| Ability — future I | menjıyalırmamı? jıyalırmıma?will I be able to gather? | senjıyalırmısa?will you be able to gather? | oljıyalırmı?will he be able to gather? | bizjıyalırbızmı? jıyalırmıbız?will we be able to gather? | sizjıyalırmısız?will you all be able to gather? | alajıyalırlamı? jıyalırmıla?will they be able to gather? |
| Ability — future I | menjıyalmazmamı? jıyalmazmıma?won't I be able to gather? | senjıyalmazmısa?won't you be able to gather? | oljıyalmazmı?won't he be able to gather? | bizjıyalmazbızmı? jıyalmazmıbız?won't we be able to gather? | sizjıyalmazmısız?won't you all be able to gather? | alajıyalmazlamı? jıyalmazmıla?won't they be able to gather? |
| Ability — future II | menjıyallıqmaI am going to be able to gather | senjıyallıqsayou are going to be able to gather | oljıyallıqdıhe is going to be able to gather | bizjıyallıqbızwe are going to be able to gather | sizjıyallıqsızyou all are going to be able to gather | alajıyallıqdılathey are going to be able to gather |
| Ability — future II | menjıyallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to gather | senjıyallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to gather | oljıyallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to gather | bizjıyallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to gather | sizjıyallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to gather | alajıyallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to gather |
| Ability — future II | menjıyallıqmamı? jıyallıqmıma?am I going to be able to gather? | senjıyallıqmısa?are you going to be able to gather? | oljıyallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to gather? | bizjıyallıqbızmı? jıyallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to gather? | sizjıyallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to gather? | alajıyallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to gather? |
| Ability — future II | menjıyallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to gather? | senjıyallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to gather? | oljıyallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to gather? | bizjıyallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to gather? | sizjıyallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to gather? | alajıyallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to gather? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjıyalır edimjıyalır emI would be able to gather | senjıyalır ediŋjıyalır eŋyou would be able to gather | oljıyalır edijıyalır edhe would be able to gather | bizjıyalır edikjıyalır ekwe would be able to gather | sizjıyalır edigizjıyalır egizyou all would be able to gather | alajıyalır edilejıyalır ellethey would be able to gather |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjıyalmaz edimjıyalmaz emI wouldn't be able to gather | senjıyalmaz ediŋjıyalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to gather | oljıyalmaz edijıyalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to gather | bizjıyalmaz edikjıyalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to gather | sizjıyalmaz edigizjıyalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to gather | alajıyalmaz edilejıyalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to gather |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjıyalğınjıyalğımay you be able to gather | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjıyalmağınjıyalmağımay you not be able to gather | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menjıyarğa izleymeI want to gather | senjıyarğa izleyseyou want to gather | oljıyarğa izleydihe wants to gather | bizjıyarğa izleybizwe want to gather | sizjıyarğa izleysizyou all want to gather | alajıyarğa izleydilethey want to gather |
| want to | menjıyarğa izlemeymeI do not want to gather | senjıyarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to gather | oljıyarğa izlemeydihe does not want to gather | bizjıyarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to gather | sizjıyarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to gather | alajıyarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to gather |
| would like to | menjıyarğa süemeI would like to gather | senjıyarğa süeseyou would like to gather | oljıyarğa süedihe would like to gather | bizjıyarğa süebizwe would like to gather | sizjıyarğa süesizyou all would like to gather | alajıyarğa süedilethey would like to gather |
| would like to | menjıyarğa süymeymeI would not like to gather | senjıyarğa süymeyseyou would not like to gather | oljıyarğa süymeydihe would not like to gather | bizjıyarğa süymeybizwe would not like to gather | sizjıyarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to gather | alajıyarğa süymeydilethey would not like to gather |
| hope to | menjıyarğa umutlanamaI hope to gather | senjıyarğa umutlanasayou hope to gather | oljıyarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to gather | bizjıyarğa umutlanabızwe hope to gather | sizjıyarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to gather | alajıyarğa umutlanadılathey hope to gather |
| hope to | menjıyarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to gather | senjıyarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to gather | oljıyarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to gather | bizjıyarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to gather | sizjıyarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to gather | alajıyarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to gather |
| be about to | menjıyarğa deb turamaI am about to gather | senjıyarğa deb turasayou are about to gather | oljıyarğa deb turadıhe is about to gather | bizjıyarğa deb turabızwe are about to gather | sizjıyarğa deb turasızyou all are about to gather | alajıyarğa deb turadılathey are about to gather |
| be about to | menjıyarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to gather | senjıyarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to gather | oljıyarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to gather | bizjıyarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to gather | sizjıyarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to gather | alajıyarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to gather |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menjıyarğa kerekmeI need to gather | senjıyarğa kerekseyou need to gather | oljıyarğa kerekdihe needs to gather | bizjıyarğa kerekbizwe need to gather | sizjıyarğa kereksizyou all need to gather | alajıyarğa kerekdilethey need to gather |
| need to | menjıyarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to gather | senjıyarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to gather | oljıyarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to gather | bizjıyarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to gather | sizjıyarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to gather | alajıyarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to gather |
| have to | menmenŋe jıyarğa tüşediI have to gather | sensenŋe jıyarğa tüşediyou have to gather | olaŋa jıyarğa tüşedihe has to gather | bizbizge jıyarğa tüşediwe have to gather | sizsizge jıyarğa tüşediyou all have to gather | alaalağa jıyarğa tüşedithey have to gather |
| have to | menmenŋe jıyarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to gather | sensenŋe jıyarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to gather | olaŋa jıyarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to gather | bizbizge jıyarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to gather | sizsizge jıyarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to gather | alaalağa jıyarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to gather |
| be obliged to | menjıyarğa borçlumaI am obliged to gather | senjıyarğa borçlusayou are obliged to gather | oljıyarğa borçluduhe is obliged to gather | bizjıyarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to gather | sizjıyarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to gather | alajıyarğa borçludulathey are obliged to gather |
| be obliged to | menjıyarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to gather | senjıyarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to gather | oljıyarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to gather | bizjıyarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to gather | sizjıyarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to gather | alajıyarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to gather |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menjıyarğa madarım bardıI have a way to gather | senjıyarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to gather | oljıyarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to gather | bizjıyarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to gather | sizjıyarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to gather | alajıyarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to gather |
| have a way to | menjıyarğa madarım joqduI have no way to gather | senjıyarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to gather | oljıyarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to gather | bizjıyarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to gather | sizjıyarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to gather | alajıyarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to gather |
| be free to | menjıyarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to gather | senjıyarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to gather | oljıyarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to gather | bizjıyarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to gather | sizjıyarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to gather | alajıyarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to gather |
| be free to | menjıyarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to gather | senjıyarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to gather | oljıyarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to gather | bizjıyarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to gather | sizjıyarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to gather | alajıyarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to gather |
| be possible to | menmenŋe jıyarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to gather | sensenŋe jıyarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to gather | olaŋa jıyarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to gather | bizbizge jıyarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to gather | sizsizge jıyarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to gather | alaalağa jıyarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to gather |
| be possible to | menmenŋe jıyarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to gather | sensenŋe jıyarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to gather | olaŋa jıyarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to gather | bizbizge jıyarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to gather | sizsizge jıyarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to gather | alaalağa jıyarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to gather |
| be ready to | menjıyarğa hazırmaI am ready to gather | senjıyarğa hazırsayou are ready to gather | oljıyarğa hazırdıhe is ready to gather | bizjıyarğa hazırbızwe are ready to gather | sizjıyarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to gather | alajıyarğa hazırdılathey are ready to gather |
| be ready to | menjıyarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to gather | senjıyarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to gather | oljıyarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to gather | bizjıyarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to gather | sizjıyarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to gather | alajıyarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to gather |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menjıyarğa küreşemeI am trying to gather | senjıyarğa küreşeseyou are trying to gather | oljıyarğa küreşedihe is trying to gather | bizjıyarğa küreşebizwe are trying to gather | sizjıyarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to gather | alajıyarğa küreşedilethey are trying to gather |
| try to | menjıyarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to gather | senjıyarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to gather | oljıyarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to gather | bizjıyarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to gather | sizjıyarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to gather | alajıyarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to gather |
| agree to | menjıyarğa unaymaI agree to gather | senjıyarğa unaysayou agree to gather | oljıyarğa unaydıhe agrees to gather | bizjıyarğa unaybızwe agree to gather | sizjıyarğa unaysızyou all agree to gather | alajıyarğa unaydılathey agree to gather |
| agree to | menjıyarğa unamaymaI refuse to gather | senjıyarğa unamaysayou refuse to gather | oljıyarğa unamaydıhe refuses to gather | bizjıyarğa unamaybızwe refuse to gather | sizjıyarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to gather | alajıyarğa unamaydılathey refuse to gather |
| hurry to | menjıyarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to gather | senjıyarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to gather | oljıyarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to gather | bizjıyarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to gather | sizjıyarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to gather | alajıyarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to gather |
| hurry to | menjıyarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to gather | senjıyarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to gather | oljıyarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to gather | bizjıyarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to gather | sizjıyarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to gather | alajıyarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to gather |
| be afraid to | menjıyarğa qorqamaI am afraid to gather | senjıyarğa qorqasayou are afraid to gather | oljıyarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to gather | bizjıyarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to gather | sizjıyarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to gather | alajıyarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to gather |
| be afraid to | menjıyarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to gather | senjıyarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to gather | oljıyarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to gather | bizjıyarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to gather | sizjıyarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to gather | alajıyarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to gather |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menjıya bolmazmaI can't be gathering | senjıya bolmazsayou can't be gathering | oljıya bolmazhe can't be gathering | bizjıya bolmazbızwe can't be gathering | sizjıya bolmazsızyou all can't be gathering | alajıya bolmazlathey can't be gathering |
| Inference, present — double negation | menjıymay bolmazmaI must be gathering (emphatic) | senjıymay bolmazsayou must be gathering (emphatic) | oljıymay bolmazhe must be gathering (emphatic) | bizjıymay bolmazbızwe must be gathering (emphatic) | sizjıymay bolmazsızyou all must be gathering (emphatic) | alajıymay bolmazlathey must be gathering (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menjıya turmasamif I don't keep gathering | senjıya turmasaŋif you don't keep gathering | oljıya turmasaif he doesn't keep gathering | bizjıya turmasaqif we don't keep gathering | sizjıya turmasağızif you all don't keep gathering | alajıya turmasalaif they don't keep gathering |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menjıya tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of gathering | senjıya tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of gathering | oljıya tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of gathering | bizjıya tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of gathering | sizjıya tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of gathering | alajıya tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of gathering |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menjıymay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not gathering (emphatic) | senjıymay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not gathering (emphatic) | oljıymay tura bolmazhe must keep on not gathering (emphatic) | bizjıymay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not gathering (emphatic) | sizjıymay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not gathering (emphatic) | alajıymay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not gathering (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menjıymay turamaI keep on not gathering | senjıymay turasayou keep on not gathering | oljıymay turadıhe keeps on not gathering | bizjıymay turabızwe keep on not gathering | sizjıymay turasızyou all keep on not gathering | alajıymay turadılathey keep on not gathering |
| Progressive — double negation | menjıymay turmaymaI am not keeping on not gathering | senjıymay turmaysayou are not keeping on not gathering | oljıymay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not gathering | bizjıymay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not gathering | sizjıymay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not gathering | alajıymay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not gathering |
| Progressive — double negation | menjıymay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not gathering? | senjıymay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not gathering? | oljıymay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not gathering? | bizjıymay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not gathering? | sizjıymay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not gathering? | alajıymay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not gathering? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menjıyğan bolmazmaI can't have gathered | senjıyğan bolmazsayou can't have gathered | oljıyğan bolmazhe can't have gathered | bizjıyğan bolmazbızwe can't have gathered | sizjıyğan bolmazsızyou all can't have gathered | alajıyğan bolmazlathey can't have gathered |
| Inference — double negation | menjıymağan bolmazmaI must have gathered (emphatic) | senjıymağan bolmazsayou must have gathered (emphatic) | oljıymağan bolmazhe must have gathered (emphatic) | bizjıymağan bolmazbızwe must have gathered (emphatic) | sizjıymağan bolmazsızyou all must have gathered (emphatic) | alajıymağan bolmazlathey must have gathered (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menjıyğan bolmasamif it weren't that I had gathered | senjıyğan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had gathered | oljıyğan bolmasaif it weren't that he had gathered | bizjıyğan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had gathered | sizjıyğan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had gathered | alajıyğan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had gathered |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menjıymağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't gathered | senjıymağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't gathered | oljıymağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't gathered | bizjıymağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't gathered | sizjıymağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't gathered | alajıymağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't gathered |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menjıyarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to gather | senjıyarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to gather | oljıyarıq bolmazhe can't be going to gather | bizjıyarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to gather | sizjıyarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to gather | alajıyarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to gather |
| Inference, future — double negation | menjıymazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to gather (emphatic) | senjıymazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to gather (emphatic) | oljıymazlıq bolmazhe must be going to gather (emphatic) | bizjıymazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to gather (emphatic) | sizjıymazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to gather (emphatic) | alajıymazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to gather (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menjıyarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to gather | senjıyarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to gather | oljıyarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to gather | bizjıyarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to gather | sizjıyarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to gather | alajıyarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to gather |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menjıymazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to gather | senjıymazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to gather | oljıymazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to gather | bizjıymazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to gather | sizjıymazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to gather | alajıymazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to gather |