ururğa
/ururʁa/
1. hit, strike, strike a blow, hammer, beat
- qol bla ururğa — to hit with the hand
- tayaq bla ururğa — to hit with a stick
- başına ururğa — to hit on the head
- stolnu ururğa — to hit the table
- qılıç bla ururğa — to strike with a sword
- qamçini jerge urdum — I struck the whip against the ground
- bir urğanlay — with a single blow
- urub jığarğa — to knock off one's feet
- urub janıŋı alırma — I'll hit you so hard I'll take your life
- temirni jılılay ururğa kerekdi — one must strike the iron while it is hot
2. drive in a nail, stake, or similar object
- çüynü ururğa — to drive in the nail
- köb çüy ururğa — to drive in many nails
- qabırğağa çüy urdu — he drove a nail into the wall
- jerge qazıq urdula — they drove a stake into the ground
- terezeni ramasın çüy urub begitirge — to fasten the window frame with nails
- çüynü ura bilmegen etegin begitir — the one who cannot drive a nail will nail down his own hem
3. shoot, shoot dead, kill with a gunshot
- şkok bla ururğa — to shoot with a rifle
- uwçu qoyannı urdu — the hunter shot the hare dead
- men janıwarnı urdum — I shot the beast dead
- anı geroh bla urğandıla — they shot him dead with a pistol
- kesi kesiŋi ururğa — to shoot yourself
4. hit a target with a shot or a thrown object
- atıb ururğa — to hit the target
- marawçu tüz urdu — the marksman hit true
- oq janıwarnı urdu — the bullet hit the beast
- şkok bla atıb urdu — he fired a rifle and hit the target
- marawçu tüz ururğa ustadı — the marksman is skilled at hitting true
5. blow — Said of the wind or a blizzard.
- jel uradı — the wind blows
- ayazçıq urdu — a light breeze blew
- ayaz ura başladı — a breeze began to blow
- ayaz uradı — a cool breeze blows
- jel qatı uradı — the wind blows hard
- tawladan salqın ayaz urdu — a cool breeze blew from the mountains
6. reach the senses, waft — Said of light, warmth, cold or a smell.
- iyis uradı — it stinks
- bişgen et iyis urdu — a smell of boiled meat wafted
- narat otun küygen iyis urdu — a smell of burning pine firewood wafted
- andan tütün iyis uradı — a smell of tobacco comes from him
- terezeden jarıq uradı — light comes in through the window
- otdan jılıw uradı — warmth comes from the fire
- jaz başı jılıwu urğanŋa — because the warmth of spring has come
7. clad, cover, upholster — Said of covering a door, a stove or a chest with felt or sheet metal.
- eşikge kiyiz ururğa — to cover the door with felt
- kübürge qanjal ururğa — to clad the chest with sheet iron
- eşikge kiyiz urdu — he covered the door with felt
- kübürge qanjal urdula — they clad the chest with sheet iron
- üyge qanjal ururğa — to clad the house in sheet iron
8. emerge, appear on a surface — Said of hair, gray hair, sweat, tears or new growth.
- betine ter urdu — sweat broke out on the face
- közlerine jılamuq urdu — tears came to the eyes
- başına çal urğandı — his head has gone gray
- betine nür urğandı — a flush has come to her face
- jaşçıqğa saqal-mıyıq urğandı — a beard and mustache have come in on the youth
- jaşha saqal urğandı — a beard has come in on the boy
- jaz kırdık urğan zamanda — in spring, when the grass comes up
9. full felt, make felt — Felt and felt cloaks are made by rolling and pressing wool.
- kiyiz ururğa — to make felt
- jamçı ururğa — to make a felt cloak
- tişirıwla jamçı urdula — the women made a felt cloak
- qartla kiyiz uradıla — the old people make felt
10. coat, dredge — Said of rolling food in flour or another powder.
- etni unŋa urdu — he coated the meat in flour
- balıqnı unŋa urabız — we dredge the fish in flour
- anı unŋa ururğa kerekdi — it needs to be coated in flour
11. beat, pulse — Said of the heart or a blood vessel.
- jürek uradı — the heart beats
- jüregi qatı uradı — his heart beats hard
- jüregim jeŋil-jeŋil urub başladı — my heart began to beat fast
- qan tamırım uradı — my blood vessel is pulsing
- jüregim urdu — my heart gave a beat
- kesini jüregini urğanın eşite keledi — he keeps hearing his own heart beating
12. butt, kick — Said of an animal.
- iynek urğan etedi — the cow butts
- bu at uruwçu atdı — this horse is a kicker
- iynek jaşçıqnı urdu — the cow butted the boy
13. sting, bite — Said of a snake, a bee or a similar creature.
- jılan urğan etedi — the snake bites
- qolumu bal çibin urğandı — a bee has stung my hand
- anı jılan urğandı — a snake has bitten him
- köz başın bal çibin urğandı — a bee has stung his eyelid
- bal çibin ursa açıtadı — if a bee stings, it hurts
14. eat, drink, gobble — A crude word for eating or drinking, especially greedily.
- saw qoynu ururğa — to put away a whole sheep
- ol saw tabaq etni urdu — he gobbled a whole platter of meat
- bir ayaq ayran urdu — he downed a bowl of ayran
- saw tabaqnı urub qoyarğa — to polish off a whole dish
- saw tabaqnı urub qoydu — he polished off a whole dish
- saw qoynu urğandı — he has put away a whole sheep
15. bump, bruise, knock
- mıŋa başıŋı urma sen — don't you bump your head on this
- butun stolğa urdu — she banged her leg on the table
- maŋılayın eşikge urdu — he bumped his forehead on the door
- başıŋı mıŋa urma — don't bump your head on this
16. thrust in, stab — Said of a dagger, a knife or scissors.
- qamasın jawğa urdu — he thrust his dagger into the enemy
- bıçaqnı terekge urdu — he drove the knife into the tree
- qamanı inbaşına urdu — he thrust the dagger into his shoulder
17. strike, damage — Said of frost, hail or lightning.
- sabanlanı buz urğandı — hail has damaged the crops
- nartühnü qıraw urur — frost will damage the maize
- eliya ururğa başladı — the lightning began to strike
18. defeat an enemy
- jawnu urdula — they defeated the enemy
- asker jawnu urdu — the army defeated the enemy
- jawnu ururğa hazırbız — we are ready to defeat the enemy
19. sound a bell, beat a drum — Struck to announce something or to give a signal. one source
- qoŋuraw urdu — he rang the bell
- askerçile baraban urdula — the soldiers beat the drum
- baraban ururğa hazır — ready to beat the drum
- keçe baraban urdu — at night he beat the drum
20. chime, strike the hour — Said of a clock. one source
- sağat onnu urdu — the clock struck ten
- sağat beşni uradı — the clock strikes five
- sağat on ekini urdu — the clock struck twelve
21. gush, spout, surge forth — Said of a spring, of oil, or of a mudflow. one source
- şawdan qayadan uradı — a spring gushes out of the rock
- suw örge urdu — the water spouted upward
- ırhı terk urdu — the mudflow surged fast
22. dash against a surface — Said of waves or flowing water, with a reflexive object and a dative surface. one source
- tolqunla jağağa uradıla — the waves dash against the shore
- suw taşlağa uradı — the water beats against the stones
- suw kesin qayalağa uradı — the river dashes itself against the cliffs
- kesin taşlağa, qayalağa ura keledi — it keeps dashing itself against the stones and cliffs
23. churn butter one source
- jaw urduq — we churned butter
- anam jaw uradı — my mother churns butter
24. whip, beat into a foam — Said of egg whites and the like. one source
- jumurthalanı aqların urdum — I whipped the egg whites
25. beat wool — Raw wool is beaten with rods to loosen its fibers. one source
- jün ururğa kerekdi — the wool needs to be beaten
- anam jünnü uradı — my mother beats the wool
- iŋirde jünnü urub boşadıq — in the evening we finished beating the wool
26. drive, chase into a place — Said of driving people or animals into a cave, a pen or a dugout. one source
- qoylanı dorbunŋa urdula — they drove the sheep into the cave
- mallanı qoşha urduq — we drove the livestock into the shepherds' camp
- anı jer üyge urdu — he drove him into the dugout
27. shove, stuff, tuck in — Said of stuffing something into a pocket or under one's clothing. one source
- qağıtnı hurjunuma urdum — I tucked the paper into my pocket
- boçhanı hurjunŋa urdu — he stuffed the bundle into his pocket
- qolun qoyunŋa urdu — he thrust his hand into his bosom
28. rush, dash forward one source
- alğa urdu — rushed forward
- jaşla alğa urdula — the boys rushed forward
- it qatıma urdu — the dog dashed up to me
- kesin tıydırmay, alğa urdu — not letting itself be held back, it rushed forward
29. fling oneself, hurl oneself — Used with a reflexive object and a dative target. one source
- it kesin eşikge urdu — the dog flung itself at the door
- kesimi eşikge urdum — I flung myself at the door
- kesin jarıqğa urdu — it flung itself toward the light
30. leap upward — Said of flames. one source
- jalın örge uradı — the flame leaps upward
- ot örge urdu — the fire leapt up
- otu örge ura edi — its fire was leaping upward
31. stamp, affix a seal or mark one source
- muhur urdu — affixed a seal
- qağıtha muhur urdula — they stamped a seal on the paper
- tamada muhur uradı — the head man affixes a seal
- qolu bolğan jerge muhur urdu — he affixed a seal where the signature was
32. lay flooring one source
- töşeme ururğa — to lay flooring
- üynü töşemesin urdula — they laid the flooring of the house
- oramğa taş urdula — they laid stone along the street
33. print, publish — Said of printing a piece of writing in a newspaper or a book. one source
- gazetde urdula — they printed it in the newspaper
- nazmusun gazetde urdula — they published his poem in the newspaper
- kitabın ururğa izleydi — he wants to print his book
Expressions
- burununa urğança eterge — snap at someone
- jilyan urğança — in a flash
- kesin urluq bolurğa — become furious
- ur da jıq, tart da kes — flatly refuse
Conjugation
Common forms
- uradıhe is striking
- urduhe struck
- urğandıhe has struck
- ururhe will strike
- urluqduhe is going to strike
- ura edihe was striking
- ursaif he strikes
- ur!strike!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menuramaI am striking | senurasayou are striking | oluradıhe is striking | bizurabızwe are striking | sizurasızyou all are striking | alauradılathey are striking |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menurmaymaI am not striking | senurmaysayou are not striking | olurmaydıhe is not striking | bizurmaybızwe are not striking | sizurmaysızyou all are not striking | alaurmaydılathey are not striking |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menuramamı? uramıma?am I striking? | senuramısa?are you striking? | oluramıdı?is he striking? | bizurabızmı? uramıbız?are we striking? | sizuramısız?are you all striking? | alauramıdıla?are they striking? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menurmaymamı? urmaymıma?aren't I striking? | senurmaymısa?aren't you striking? | olurmaymıdı?isn't he striking? | bizurmaybızmı? urmaymıbız?aren't we striking? | sizurmaymısız?aren't you all striking? | alaurmaymıdıla?aren't they striking? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menuruwçanmaI usually strike | senuruwçansayou usually strike | oluruwçandıhe usually strikes | bizuruwçanbızwe usually strike | sizuruwçansızyou all usually strike | alauruwçandılathey usually strike |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menurmawçanmaI usually don't strike | senurmawçansayou usually don't strike | olurmawçandıhe usually doesn't strike | bizurmawçanbızwe usually don't strike | sizurmawçansızyou all usually don't strike | alaurmawçandılathey usually don't strike |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menuruwçanmamı? uruwçanmıma?do I usually strike? | senuruwçanmısa?do you usually strike? | oluruwçanmıdı?does he usually strike? | bizuruwçanbızmı? uruwçanmıbız?do we usually strike? | sizuruwçanmısız?do you all usually strike? | alauruwçanmıdıla?do they usually strike? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menurmawçanmamı? urmawçanmıma?do I usually not strike? | senurmawçanmısa?do you usually not strike? | olurmawçanmıdı?does he usually not strike? | bizurmawçanbızmı? urmawçanmıbız?do we usually not strike? | sizurmawçanmısız?do you all usually not strike? | alaurmawçanmıdıla?do they usually not strike? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olurubduhe has struck and remains so | alaurubdulathey have struck and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olurubmudu?has he struck? | alaurubmudula?have they struck? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menurub turamaI keep striking | senurub turasayou keep striking | olurub turadıhe keeps striking | bizurub turabızwe keep striking | sizurub turasızyou all keep striking | alaurub turadılathey keep striking |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menurub turmaymaI don't keep striking | senurub turmaysayou don't keep striking | olurub turmaydıhe doesn't keep striking | bizurub turmaybızwe don't keep striking | sizurub turmaysızyou all don't keep striking | alaurub turmaydılathey don't keep striking |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menurub turamamı? urub turamıma?do I keep striking? | senurub turamısa?do you keep striking? | olurub turamıdı?does he keep striking? | bizurub turabızmı? urub turamıbız?do we keep striking? | sizurub turamısız?do you all keep striking? | alaurub turamıdıla?do they keep striking? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menurub turmaymamı? urub turmaymıma?don't I keep striking? | senurub turmaymısa?don't you keep striking? | olurub turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep striking? | bizurub turmaybızmı? urub turmaymıbız?don't we keep striking? | sizurub turmaymısız?don't you all keep striking? | alaurub turmaymıdıla?don't they keep striking? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menura turamaI am in the middle of striking | senura turasayou are in the middle of striking | olura turadıhe is in the middle of striking | bizura turabızwe are in the middle of striking | sizura turasızyou all are in the middle of striking | alaura turadılathey are in the middle of striking |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menura turmaymaI am not in the middle of striking | senura turmaysayou are not in the middle of striking | olura turmaydıhe is not in the middle of striking | bizura turmaybızwe are not in the middle of striking | sizura turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of striking | alaura turmaydılathey are not in the middle of striking |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menura turamamı? ura turamıma?am I in the middle of striking? | senura turamısa?are you in the middle of striking? | olura turamıdı?is he in the middle of striking? | bizura turabızmı? ura turamıbız?are we in the middle of striking? | sizura turamısız?are you all in the middle of striking? | alaura turamıdıla?are they in the middle of striking? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menura turmaymamı? ura turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of striking? | senura turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of striking? | olura turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of striking? | bizura turmaybızmı? ura turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of striking? | sizura turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of striking? | alaura turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of striking? |
| Simple past (definite) | menurdumI struck | senurduŋyou struck | olurduhe struck | bizurduqwe struck | sizurduğuzyou all struck | alaurdulathey struck |
| Simple past (definite) | menurmadımI didn't strike | senurmadıŋyou didn't strike | olurmadıhe didn't strike | bizurmadıqwe didn't strike | sizurmadığızyou all didn't strike | alaurmadılathey didn't strike |
| Simple past (definite) | menurdummu?did I strike? | senurduŋmu?did you strike? | olurdumu?did he strike? | bizurduqmu?did we strike? | sizurduğuzmu?did you all strike? | alaurdulamı?did they strike? |
| Simple past (definite) | menurmadımmı?didn't I strike? | senurmadıŋmı?didn't you strike? | olurmadımı?didn't he strike? | bizurmadıqmı?didn't we strike? | sizurmadığızmı?didn't you all strike? | alaurmadılamı?didn't they strike? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menurğanmaI have struck | senurğansayou have struck | olurğandıhe has struck | bizurğanbızwe have struck | sizurğansızyou all have struck | alaurğandılathey have struck |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menurmağanmaI haven't struck | senurmağansayou haven't struck | olurmağandıhe hasn't struck | bizurmağanbızwe haven't struck | sizurmağansızyou all haven't struck | alaurmağandılathey haven't struck |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menurğanmamı? urğanmıma?have I struck? | senurğanmısa?have you struck? | olurğanmıdı?has he struck? | bizurğanbızmı? urğanmıbız?have we struck? | sizurğanmısız?have you all struck? | alaurğanmıdıla?have they struck? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menurmağanmamı? urmağanmıma?haven't I struck? | senurmağanmısa?haven't you struck? | olurmağanmıdı?hasn't he struck? | bizurmağanbızmı? urmağanmıbız?haven't we struck? | sizurmağanmısız?haven't you all struck? | alaurmağanmıdıla?haven't they struck? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menurub turdumI kept striking | senurub turduŋyou kept striking | olurub turduhe kept striking | bizurub turduqwe kept striking | sizurub turduğuzyou all kept striking | alaurub turdulathey kept striking |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menurub turmadımI didn't keep striking | senurub turmadıŋyou didn't keep striking | olurub turmadıhe didn't keep striking | bizurub turmadıqwe didn't keep striking | sizurub turmadığızyou all didn't keep striking | alaurub turmadılathey didn't keep striking |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menururmaI will strike | senurursayou will strike | olururhe will strike | bizururbuzwe will strike | sizurursuzyou all will strike | alaururlathey will strike |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menurmazmaI won't strike | senurmazsayou won't strike | olurmazhe won't strike | bizurmazbızwe won't strike | sizurmazsızyou all won't strike | alaurmazlathey won't strike |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menururmamı? ururmuma?will I strike? | senururmusa?will you strike? | olururmu?will he strike? | bizururbuzmu? ururmubuz?will we strike? | sizururmusuz?will you all strike? | alaururlamı? ururmula?will they strike? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menurmazmamı? urmazmıma?won't I strike? | senurmazmısa?won't you strike? | olurmazmı?won't he strike? | bizurmazbızmı? urmazmıbız?won't we strike? | sizurmazmısız?won't you all strike? | alaurmazlamı? urmazmıla?won't they strike? |
| Definite future (future II) | menurluqma1urruqmaI am going to strike | senurluqsa1urruqsayou are going to strike | olurluqdu1urruqduhe is going to strike | bizurluqbuz1urruqbuzwe are going to strike | sizurluqsuz1urruqsuzyou all are going to strike | alaurluqdula1urruqdulathey are going to strike |
| Definite future (future II) | menurluq tülme1urruq tülmeI am not going to strike | senurluq tülse1urruq tülseyou are not going to strike | olurluq tüldü1urruq tüldühe is not going to strike | bizurluq tülbüz1urruq tülbüzwe are not going to strike | sizurluq tülsüz1urruq tülsüzyou all are not going to strike | alaurluq tüldüle1urruq tüldülethey are not going to strike |
| Definite future (future II) | menurluqmamı?1 urluqmuma?urruqmamı?am I going to strike? | senurluqmusa?1urruqmusa?are you going to strike? | olurluqmudu?1urruqmudu?is he going to strike? | bizurluqbuzmu?1 urluqmubuz?urruqbuzmu?are we going to strike? | sizurluqmusuz?1urruqmusuz?are you all going to strike? | alaurluqmudula?1urruqmudula?are they going to strike? |
| Definite future (future II) | menurluq tülmüme?1urruq tülmüme?aren't I going to strike? | senurluq tülmüse?1urruq tülmüse?aren't you going to strike? | olurluq tülmüdü?1urruq tülmüdü?isn't he going to strike? | bizurluq tülmübüz?1urruq tülmübüz?aren't we going to strike? | sizurluq tülmüsüz?1urruq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to strike? | alaurluq tülmüdüle?1urruq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to strike? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Definite future (future II)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so urruqdu
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menurğan edimurğanemI had struck | senurğan ediŋurğaneŋyou had struck | olurğan ediurğanedhe had struck | bizurğan edikurğanekwe had struck | sizurğan edigizurğanegizyou all had struck | alaurğan edileurğanellethey had struck |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menurmağan edimurmağanemI hadn't struck | senurmağan ediŋurmağaneŋyou hadn't struck | olurmağan ediurmağanedhe hadn't struck | bizurmağan edikurmağanekwe hadn't struck | sizurmağan edigizurmağanegizyou all hadn't struck | alaurmağan edileurmağanellethey hadn't struck |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menura edimuraemI was striking | senura ediŋuraeŋyou were striking | olura ediuraedhe was striking | bizura edikuraekwe were striking | sizura edigizuraegizyou all were striking | alaura edileuraellethey were striking |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menurmay edimurmayemI wasn't striking | senurmay ediŋurmayeŋyou weren't striking | olurmay ediurmayedhe wasn't striking | bizurmay edikurmayekwe weren't striking | sizurmay edigizurmayegizyou all weren't striking | alaurmay edileurmayellethey weren't striking |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menuruwçan edimuruwçanemI used to strike | senuruwçan ediŋuruwçaneŋyou used to strike | oluruwçan ediuruwçanedhe used to strike | bizuruwçan edikuruwçanekwe used to strike | sizuruwçan edigizuruwçanegizyou all used to strike | alauruwçan edileuruwçanellethey used to strike |
| Habitual past (used to) | menurmawçan edimurmawçanemI didn't use to strike | senurmawçan ediŋurmawçaneŋyou didn't use to strike | olurmawçan ediurmawçanedhe didn't use to strike | bizurmawçan edikurmawçanekwe didn't use to strike | sizurmawçan edigizurmawçanegizyou all didn't use to strike | alaurmawçan edileurmawçanellethey didn't use to strike |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olurub edihe had struck and remained so | alaurub edilethey had struck and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olurub tül edihe hadn't struck | alaurub tül edilethey hadn't struck | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menurub tura edimurub turaemI had kept striking | senurub tura ediŋurub turaeŋyou had kept striking | olurub tura ediurub turaedhe had kept striking | bizurub tura edikurub turaekwe had kept striking | sizurub tura edigizurub turaegizyou all had kept striking | alaurub tura edileurub turaellethey had kept striking |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menurub turmay edimurub turmayemI hadn't kept striking | senurub turmay ediŋurub turmayeŋyou hadn't kept striking | olurub turmay ediurub turmayedhe hadn't kept striking | bizurub turmay edikurub turmayekwe hadn't kept striking | sizurub turmay edigizurub turmayegizyou all hadn't kept striking | alaurub turmay edileurub turmayellethey hadn't kept striking |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menura tura edimura turaemI was in the middle of striking | senura tura ediŋura turaeŋyou were in the middle of striking | olura tura ediura turaedhe was in the middle of striking | bizura tura edikura turaekwe were in the middle of striking | sizura tura edigizura turaegizyou all were in the middle of striking | alaura tura edileura turaellethey were in the middle of striking |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menura turmay edimura turmayemI wasn't in the middle of striking | senura turmay ediŋura turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of striking | olura turmay ediura turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of striking | bizura turmay edikura turmayekwe weren't in the middle of striking | sizura turmay edigizura turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of striking | alaura turmay edileura turmayellethey weren't in the middle of striking |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menurur edimurur emI would strike | senurur ediŋurur eŋyou would strike | olurur ediurur edhe would strike | bizurur edikurur ekwe would strike | sizurur edigizurur egizyou all would strike | alaurur edileurur ellethey would strike |
| Conditional result (would) | menurmaz edimurmaz emI wouldn't strike | senurmaz ediŋurmaz eŋyou wouldn't strike | olurmaz ediurmaz edhe wouldn't strike | bizurmaz edikurmaz ekwe wouldn't strike | sizurmaz edigizurmaz egizyou all wouldn't strike | alaurmaz edileurmaz ellethey wouldn't strike |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menurluq edim2urluq emurruq edimI would have struck | senurluq ediŋ2urluq eŋurruq ediŋyou would have struck | olurluq edi2urluq edurruq edihe would have struck | bizurluq edik2urluq ekurruq edikwe would have struck | sizurluq edigiz2urluq egizurruq edigizyou all would have struck | alaurluq edile2urluq elleurruq edilethey would have struck |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menurluq tül edim2urluq tül emurruq tül edimI wouldn't have struck | senurluq tül ediŋ2urluq tül eŋurruq tül ediŋyou wouldn't have struck | olurluq tül edi2urluq tül edurruq tül edihe wouldn't have struck | bizurluq tül edik2urluq tül ekurruq tül edikwe wouldn't have struck | sizurluq tül edigiz2urluq tül egizurruq tül edigizyou all wouldn't have struck | alaurluq tül edile2urluq tül elleurruq tül edilethey wouldn't have struck |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
- Past conditional result (would have)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so urruq edi
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menursamif I strike | senursaŋif you strike | olursaif he strikes | bizursaqif we strike | sizursağızif you all strike | alaursalaif they strike |
| Conditional | menurmasamif I don't strike | senurmasaŋif you don't strike | olurmasaif he doesn't strike | bizurmasaqif we don't strike | sizurmasağızif you all don't strike | alaurmasalaif they don't strike |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menura esemif I am striking | senura eseŋif you are striking | olura eseif he is striking | bizura esekif we are striking | sizura esegizif you all are striking | alaura eseleif they are striking |
| Conditional, present real | menurmay esemif I am not striking | senurmay eseŋif you are not striking | olurmay eseif he is not striking | bizurmay esekif we are not striking | sizurmay esegizif you all are not striking | alaurmay eseleif they are not striking |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menursam ediursam edif only I struck | senursaŋ ediursaŋ edif only you struck | olursa ediursaedif only he struck | bizursaq ediursaq edif only we struck | sizursağız ediursağız edif only you all struck | alaursala ediursalaedif only they struck |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menurmasam ediurmasam edif only I didn't strike | senurmasaŋ ediurmasaŋ edif only you didn't strike | olurmasa ediurmasaedif only he didn't strike | bizurmasaq ediurmasaq edif only we didn't strike | sizurmasağız ediurmasağız edif only you all didn't strike | alaurmasala ediurmasalaedif only they didn't strike |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menurub tursamif I carry on striking | senurub tursaŋif you carry on striking | olurub tursaif he carries on striking | bizurub tursaqif we carry on striking | sizurub tursağızif you all carry on striking | alaurub tursalaif they carry on striking |
| Durative conditional | menurub turmasamif I don't carry on striking | senurub turmasaŋif you don't carry on striking | olurub turmasaif he doesn't carry on striking | bizurub turmasaqif we don't carry on striking | sizurub turmasağızif you all don't carry on striking | alaurub turmasalaif they don't carry on striking |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menurub tura esemif I have kept striking | senurub tura eseŋif you have kept striking | olurub tura eseif he has kept striking | bizurub tura esekif we have kept striking | sizurub tura esegizif you all have kept striking | alaurub tura eseleif they have kept striking |
| Durative conditional, present real | menurub turmay esemif I haven't kept striking | senurub turmay eseŋif you haven't kept striking | olurub turmay eseif he hasn't kept striking | bizurub turmay esekif we haven't kept striking | sizurub turmay esegizif you all haven't kept striking | alaurub turmay eseleif they haven't kept striking |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menura tursamif I keep striking | senura tursaŋif you keep striking | olura tursaif he keeps striking | bizura tursaqif we keep striking | sizura tursağızif you all keep striking | alaura tursalaif they keep striking |
| Progressive conditional | menurmay tursamif I keep on not striking | senurmay tursaŋif you keep on not striking | olurmay tursaif he keeps on not striking | bizurmay tursaqif we keep on not striking | sizurmay tursağızif you all keep on not striking | alaurmay tursalaif they keep on not striking |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menura tura esemif I am in the middle of striking | senura tura eseŋif you are in the middle of striking | olura tura eseif he is in the middle of striking | bizura tura esekif we are in the middle of striking | sizura tura esegizif you all are in the middle of striking | alaura tura eseleif they are in the middle of striking |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menurmay tura esemif I keep on not striking | senurmay tura eseŋif you keep on not striking | olurmay tura eseif he keeps on not striking | bizurmay tura esekif we keep on not striking | sizurmay tura esegizif you all keep on not striking | alaurmay tura eseleif they keep on not striking |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past3 | menurdum esemif I struck | senurduŋ eseŋif you struck | olurdu eseif he struck | bizurduq esekif we struck | sizurduğuz esegizif you all struck | alaurdula eseleif they struck |
| Conditional, definite past3 | menurmadım esemif I didn't strike | senurmadıŋ eseŋif you didn't strike | olurmadı eseif he didn't strike | bizurmadıq esekif we didn't strike | sizurmadığız esegizif you all didn't strike | alaurmadıla eseleif they didn't strike |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menurğan esemif I did strike (indeed) | senurğan eseŋif you did strike (indeed) | olurğan eseif he did strike (indeed) | bizurğan esekif we did strike (indeed) | sizurğan esegizif you all did strike (indeed) | alaurğan eseleif they did strike (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menurmağan esemif I didn't strike (indeed) | senurmağan eseŋif you didn't strike (indeed) | olurmağan eseif he didn't strike (indeed) | bizurmağan esekif we didn't strike (indeed) | sizurmağan esegizif you all didn't strike (indeed) | alaurmağan eseleif they didn't strike (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menurğan bolsamif I had struck | senurğan bolsaŋif you had struck | olurğan bolsaif he had struck | bizurğan bolsaqif we had struck | sizurğan bolsağızif you all had struck | alaurğan bolsalaif they had struck |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menurmağan bolsamif I hadn't struck | senurmağan bolsaŋif you hadn't struck | olurmağan bolsaif he hadn't struck | bizurmağan bolsaqif we hadn't struck | sizurmağan bolsağızif you all hadn't struck | alaurmağan bolsalaif they hadn't struck |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menurğan bolsam ediurğan bolsam edif only I had struck | senurğan bolsaŋ ediurğan bolsaŋ edif only you had struck | olurğan bolsa ediurğan bolsaedif only he had struck | bizurğan bolsaq ediurğan bolsaq edif only we had struck | sizurğan bolsağız ediurğan bolsağız edif only you all had struck | alaurğan bolsala ediurğan bolsalaedif only they had struck |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menurmağan bolsam ediurmağan bolsam edif only I hadn't struck | senurmağan bolsaŋ ediurmağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't struck | olurmağan bolsa ediurmağan bolsaedif only he hadn't struck | bizurmağan bolsaq ediurmağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't struck | sizurmağan bolsağız ediurmağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't struck | alaurmağan bolsala ediurmağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't struck |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menurur esemif I will strike | senurur eseŋif you will strike | olurur eseif he will strike | bizurur esekif we will strike | sizurur esegizif you all will strike | alaurur eseleif they will strike |
| Conditional, aorist | menurmaz esemif I won't strike | senurmaz eseŋif you won't strike | olurmaz eseif he won't strike | bizurmaz esekif we won't strike | sizurmaz esegizif you all won't strike | alaurmaz eseleif they won't strike |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menurluq esem4urruq esemif I am going to strike | senurluq eseŋ4urruq eseŋif you are going to strike | olurluq ese4urruq eseif he is going to strike | bizurluq esek4urruq esekif we are going to strike | sizurluq esegiz4urruq esegizif you all are going to strike | alaurluq esele4urruq eseleif they are going to strike |
| Conditional, future | menurluq tül esem4urruq tül esemif I am not going to strike | senurluq tül eseŋ4urruq tül eseŋif you are not going to strike | olurluq tül ese4urruq tül eseif he is not going to strike | bizurluq tül esek4urruq tül esekif we are not going to strike | sizurluq tül esegiz4urruq tül esegizif you all are not going to strike | alaurluq tül esele4urruq tül eseleif they are not going to strike |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menurluq bolsam5urruq bolsamif I were going to strike | senurluq bolsaŋ5urruq bolsaŋif you were going to strike | olurluq bolsa5urruq bolsaif he were going to strike | bizurluq bolsaq5urruq bolsaqif we were going to strike | sizurluq bolsağız5urruq bolsağızif you all were going to strike | alaurluq bolsala5urruq bolsalaif they were going to strike |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menurmazlıq bolsamif I were not going to strike | senurmazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to strike | olurmazlıq bolsaif he were not going to strike | bizurmazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to strike | sizurmazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to strike | alaurmazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to strike |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso urduŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
- Conditional, futurespoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so urruq ese
- Conditional, counterfactual futurespoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so urruq bolsa
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menura bolurmaI must be striking | senura bolursayou must be striking | olura bolurhe must be striking | bizura bolurbuzwe must be striking | sizura bolursuzyou all must be striking | alaura bolurlathey must be striking |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menurmay bolurmaI must not be striking | senurmay bolursayou must not be striking | olurmay bolurhe must not be striking | bizurmay bolurbuzwe must not be striking | sizurmay bolursuzyou all must not be striking | alaurmay bolurlathey must not be striking |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menura tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of striking | senura tura bolursayou must be in the middle of striking | olura tura bolurhe must be in the middle of striking | bizura tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of striking | sizura tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of striking | alaura tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of striking |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menurmay tura bolurmaI must keep on not striking | senurmay tura bolursayou must keep on not striking | olurmay tura bolurhe must keep on not striking | bizurmay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not striking | sizurmay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not striking | alaurmay tura bolurlathey must keep on not striking |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menurğan bolurmaI must have struck | senurğan bolursayou must have struck | olurğan bolurhe must have struck | bizurğan bolurbuzwe must have struck | sizurğan bolursuzyou all must have struck | alaurğan bolurlathey must have struck |
| Inference (must have) | menurmağan bolurmaI must not have struck | senurmağan bolursayou must not have struck | olurmağan bolurhe must not have struck | bizurmağan bolurbuzwe must not have struck | sizurmağan bolursuzyou all must not have struck | alaurmağan bolurlathey must not have struck |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menurluq bolurma6urruq bolurmaI must be going to strike | senurluq bolursa6urruq bolursayou must be going to strike | olurluq bolur6urruq bolurhe must be going to strike | bizurluq bolurbuz6urruq bolurbuzwe must be going to strike | sizurluq bolursuz6urruq bolursuzyou all must be going to strike | alaurluq bolurla6urruq bolurlathey must be going to strike |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menurmazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to strike | senurmazlıq bolursayou must not be going to strike | olurmazlıq bolurhe must not be going to strike | bizurmazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to strike | sizurmazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to strike | alaurmazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to strike |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Inference, future (must be going to)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so urruq bolur
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menurayımlet me strike | senur!strike! | olursunlet him strike | bizurayıqlet's strike | sizuruğuz!strike, you all! | alaursunlalet them strike |
| Commands & suggestions | menurmayımlet me not strike | senurma!don't strike! | olurmasınlet him not strike | bizurmayıqlet's not strike | sizurmağız!don't strike, you all! | alaurmasınlalet them not strike |
| Commands & suggestions | menurayımmı?shall I strike? | olursunmu?should he strike? | bizurayıqmı?shall we strike? | alaursunlamı?should they strike? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menurmayımmı?shall I not strike? | olurmasınmı?should he not strike? | bizurmayıqmı?shall we not strike? | alaurmasınlamı?should they not strike? | ||
| Requests | senurçu7urçunplease strike | olursunçudo let him strike | sizurçuğuzplease strike (plural/polite) | alaursunlaçıdo let them strike | ||
| Requests | senurmaçı7urmaçınplease don't strike | olurmasınçıdo let him not strike | sizurmaçığızplease don't strike (plural/polite) | alaurmasınlaçıdo let them not strike | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senurğunurğumay you strike | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senurmağınurmağımay you not strike | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menurğay edim urğa edimwould that I struck | senurğay ediŋ urğa ediŋwould that you struck | olurğay edi urğa ediwould that he struck | bizurğay edik urğa edikwould that we struck | sizurğay edigiz urğa edigizwould that you all struck | alaurğay edile urğa edilewould that they struck |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menurmağay edim urmağa edimwould that I did not strike | senurmağay ediŋ urmağa ediŋwould that you did not strike | olurmağay edi urmağa ediwould that he did not strike | bizurmağay edik urmağa edikwould that we did not strike | sizurmağay edigiz urmağa edigizwould that you all did not strike | alaurmağay edile urmağa edilewould that they did not strike |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menurmağa qoyayımurma qoyayımlet me allow someone to strike | senurmağa qoy!urma qoy!let someone strike! | olurmağa qoysunurma qoysunlet him allow someone to strike | bizurmağa qoyayıqurma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to strike | sizurmağa qoyuğuz!urma qoyuğuz!let someone strike, you all! | alaurmağa qoysunlaurma qoysunlalet them allow someone to strike |
| Let someone… (commands) | menurmağa qoymayımurma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to strike | senurmağa qoyma!urma qoyma!don't let someone strike! | olurmağa qoymasınurma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to strike | bizurmağa qoymayıqurma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to strike | sizurmağa qoymağız!urma qoymağız!don't let someone strike, you all! | alaurmağa qoymasınlaurma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to strike |
| Let someone… (commands) | menurmağa qoyayımmı?urma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to strike? | olurmağa qoysunmu?urma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to strike? | bizurmağa qoyayıqmı?urma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to strike? | alaurmağa qoysunlamı?urma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to strike? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menurmağa qoymayımmı?urma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to strike? | olurmağa qoymasınmı?urma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to strike? | bizurmağa qoymayıqmı?urma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to strike? | alaurmağa qoymasınlamı?urma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to strike? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menurmağa qoyamaurma qoyamaI allow someone to strike | senurmağa qoyasaurma qoyasayou allow someone to strike | olurmağa qoyadıurma qoyadıhe allows someone to strike | bizurmağa qoyabızurma qoyabızwe allow someone to strike | sizurmağa qoyasızurma qoyasızyou all allow someone to strike | alaurmağa qoyadılaurma qoyadılathey allow someone to strike |
| Let someone… (present) | menurmağa qoymaymaurma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to strike | senurmağa qoymaysaurma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to strike | olurmağa qoymaydıurma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to strike | bizurmağa qoymaybızurma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to strike | sizurmağa qoymaysızurma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to strike | alaurmağa qoymaydılaurma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to strike |
| Let someone… (present) | menurmağa qoyamamı?urma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to strike? | senurmağa qoyamısa?urma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to strike? | olurmağa qoyamıdı?urma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to strike? | bizurmağa qoyabızmı?urma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to strike? | sizurmağa qoyamısız?urma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to strike? | alaurmağa qoyamıdıla?urma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to strike? |
| Let someone… (present) | menurmağa qoymaymamı?urma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to strike? | senurmağa qoymaymısa?urma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to strike? | olurmağa qoymaymıdı?urma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to strike? | bizurmağa qoymaybızmı?urma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to strike? | sizurmağa qoymaymısız?urma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to strike? | alaurmağa qoymaymıdıla?urma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to strike? |
| Let someone… (past) | menurmağa qoydumurma qoydumI allowed someone to strike | senurmağa qoyduŋurma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to strike | olurmağa qoyduurma qoyduhe allowed someone to strike | bizurmağa qoyduqurma qoyduqwe allowed someone to strike | sizurmağa qoyduğuzurma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to strike | alaurmağa qoydulaurma qoydulathey allowed someone to strike |
| Let someone… (past) | menurmağa qoymadımurma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to strike | senurmağa qoymadıŋurma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to strike | olurmağa qoymadıurma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to strike | bizurmağa qoymadıqurma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to strike | sizurmağa qoymadığızurma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to strike | alaurmağa qoymadılaurma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to strike |
| Let someone… (past) | menurmağa qoydummu?urma qoydummu?did I allow someone to strike? | senurmağa qoyduŋmu?urma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to strike? | olurmağa qoydumu?urma qoydumu?did he allow someone to strike? | bizurmağa qoyduqmu?urma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to strike? | sizurmağa qoyduğuzmu?urma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to strike? | alaurmağa qoydulamı?urma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to strike? |
| Let someone… (past) | menurmağa qoymadımmı?urma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to strike? | senurmağa qoymadıŋmı?urma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to strike? | olurmağa qoymadımı?urma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to strike? | bizurmağa qoymadıqmı?urma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to strike? | sizurmağa qoymadığızmı?urma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to strike? | alaurmağa qoymadılamı?urma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to strike? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
uralırğa be able to strike · uralmazğa be unable to strike
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menuralamaI can strike | senuralasayou can strike | oluraladıhe can strike | bizuralabızwe can strike | sizuralasızyou all can strike | alauraladılathey can strike |
| Ability — present | menuralmaymaI can't strike | senuralmaysayou can't strike | oluralmaydıhe can't strike | bizuralmaybızwe can't strike | sizuralmaysızyou all can't strike | alauralmaydılathey can't strike |
| Ability — present | menuralamamı? uralamıma?can I strike? | senuralamısa?can you strike? | oluralamıdı?can he strike? | bizuralabızmı? uralamıbız?can we strike? | sizuralamısız?can you all strike? | alauralamıdıla?can they strike? |
| Ability — present | menuralmaymamı? uralmaymıma?can't I strike? | senuralmaymısa?can't you strike? | oluralmaymıdı?can't he strike? | bizuralmaybızmı? uralmaymıbız?can't we strike? | sizuralmaymısız?can't you all strike? | alauralmaymıdıla?can't they strike? |
| Ability — if I can… | menuralsamif I can strike | senuralsaŋif you can strike | oluralsaif he can strike | bizuralsaqif we can strike | sizuralsağızif you all can strike | alauralsalaif they can strike |
| Ability — if I can… | menuralmasamif I can't strike | senuralmasaŋif you can't strike | oluralmasaif he can't strike | bizuralmasaqif we can't strike | sizuralmasağızif you all can't strike | alauralmasalaif they can't strike |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menuraldımI was able to strike | senuraldıŋyou were able to strike | oluraldıhe was able to strike | bizuraldıqwe were able to strike | sizuraldığızyou all were able to strike | alauraldılathey were able to strike |
| Ability — simple past | menuralmadımI could not strike | senuralmadıŋyou could not strike | oluralmadıhe could not strike | bizuralmadıqwe could not strike | sizuralmadığızyou all could not strike | alauralmadılathey could not strike |
| Ability — simple past | menuraldımmı?was I able to strike? | senuraldıŋmı?were you able to strike? | oluraldımı?was he able to strike? | bizuraldıqmı?were we able to strike? | sizuraldığızmı?were you all able to strike? | alauraldılamı?were they able to strike? |
| Ability — simple past | menuralmadımmı?couldn't I strike? | senuralmadıŋmı?couldn't you strike? | oluralmadımı?couldn't he strike? | bizuralmadıqmı?couldn't we strike? | sizuralmadığızmı?couldn't you all strike? | alauralmadılamı?couldn't they strike? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menuralğanmaI have been able to strike | senuralğansayou have been able to strike | oluralğandıhe has been able to strike | bizuralğanbızwe have been able to strike | sizuralğansızyou all have been able to strike | alauralğandılathey have been able to strike |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menuralmağanmaI haven't been able to strike | senuralmağansayou haven't been able to strike | oluralmağandıhe hasn't been able to strike | bizuralmağanbızwe haven't been able to strike | sizuralmağansızyou all haven't been able to strike | alauralmağandılathey haven't been able to strike |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menuralğanmamı? uralğanmıma?have I been able to strike? | senuralğanmısa?have you been able to strike? | oluralğanmıdı?has he been able to strike? | bizuralğanbızmı? uralğanmıbız?have we been able to strike? | sizuralğanmısız?have you all been able to strike? | alauralğanmıdıla?have they been able to strike? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menuralmağanmamı? uralmağanmıma?haven't I been able to strike? | senuralmağanmısa?haven't you been able to strike? | oluralmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to strike? | bizuralmağanbızmı? uralmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to strike? | sizuralmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to strike? | alauralmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to strike? |
| Ability — past perfect | menuralğan edimuralğanemI had been able to strike | senuralğan ediŋuralğaneŋyou had been able to strike | oluralğan ediuralğanedhe had been able to strike | bizuralğan edikuralğanekwe had been able to strike | sizuralğan edigizuralğanegizyou all had been able to strike | alauralğan edileuralğanellethey had been able to strike |
| Ability — past perfect | menuralmağan edimuralmağanemI hadn't been able to strike | senuralmağan ediŋuralmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to strike | oluralmağan ediuralmağanedhe hadn't been able to strike | bizuralmağan edikuralmağanekwe hadn't been able to strike | sizuralmağan edigizuralmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to strike | alauralmağan edileuralmağanellethey hadn't been able to strike |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menurala edimuralaemI could strike | senurala ediŋuralaeŋyou could strike | olurala ediuralaedhe could strike | bizurala edikuralaekwe could strike | sizurala edigizuralaegizyou all could strike | alaurala edileuralaellethey could strike |
| Ability — past background | menuralmay edimuralmayemI could not strike | senuralmay ediŋuralmayeŋyou could not strike | oluralmay ediuralmayedhe could not strike | bizuralmay edikuralmayekwe could not strike | sizuralmay edigizuralmayegizyou all could not strike | alauralmay edileuralmayellethey could not strike |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menuralırmaI will be able to strike | senuralırsayou will be able to strike | oluralırhe will be able to strike | bizuralırbızwe will be able to strike | sizuralırsızyou all will be able to strike | alauralırlathey will be able to strike |
| Ability — future I | menuralmazmaI won't be able to strike | senuralmazsayou won't be able to strike | oluralmazhe won't be able to strike | bizuralmazbızwe won't be able to strike | sizuralmazsızyou all won't be able to strike | alauralmazlathey won't be able to strike |
| Ability — future I | menuralırmamı? uralırmıma?will I be able to strike? | senuralırmısa?will you be able to strike? | oluralırmı?will he be able to strike? | bizuralırbızmı? uralırmıbız?will we be able to strike? | sizuralırmısız?will you all be able to strike? | alauralırlamı? uralırmıla?will they be able to strike? |
| Ability — future I | menuralmazmamı? uralmazmıma?won't I be able to strike? | senuralmazmısa?won't you be able to strike? | oluralmazmı?won't he be able to strike? | bizuralmazbızmı? uralmazmıbız?won't we be able to strike? | sizuralmazmısız?won't you all be able to strike? | alauralmazlamı? uralmazmıla?won't they be able to strike? |
| Ability — future II | menurallıqmaI am going to be able to strike | senurallıqsayou are going to be able to strike | olurallıqdıhe is going to be able to strike | bizurallıqbızwe are going to be able to strike | sizurallıqsızyou all are going to be able to strike | alaurallıqdılathey are going to be able to strike |
| Ability — future II | menurallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to strike | senurallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to strike | olurallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to strike | bizurallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to strike | sizurallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to strike | alaurallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to strike |
| Ability — future II | menurallıqmamı? urallıqmıma?am I going to be able to strike? | senurallıqmısa?are you going to be able to strike? | olurallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to strike? | bizurallıqbızmı? urallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to strike? | sizurallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to strike? | alaurallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to strike? |
| Ability — future II | menurallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to strike? | senurallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to strike? | olurallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to strike? | bizurallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to strike? | sizurallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to strike? | alaurallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to strike? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menuralır edimuralır emI would be able to strike | senuralır ediŋuralır eŋyou would be able to strike | oluralır ediuralır edhe would be able to strike | bizuralır edikuralır ekwe would be able to strike | sizuralır edigizuralır egizyou all would be able to strike | alauralır edileuralır ellethey would be able to strike |
| Ability — would be able to… | menuralmaz edimuralmaz emI wouldn't be able to strike | senuralmaz ediŋuralmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to strike | oluralmaz ediuralmaz edhe wouldn't be able to strike | bizuralmaz edikuralmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to strike | sizuralmaz edigizuralmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to strike | alauralmaz edileuralmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to strike |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senuralğınuralğımay you be able to strike | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senuralmağınuralmağımay you not be able to strike | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menururğa izleymeI want to strike | senururğa izleyseyou want to strike | olururğa izleydihe wants to strike | bizururğa izleybizwe want to strike | sizururğa izleysizyou all want to strike | alaururğa izleydilethey want to strike |
| want to | menururğa izlemeymeI do not want to strike | senururğa izlemeyseyou do not want to strike | olururğa izlemeydihe does not want to strike | bizururğa izlemeybizwe do not want to strike | sizururğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to strike | alaururğa izlemeydilethey do not want to strike |
| would like to | menururğa süemeI would like to strike | senururğa süeseyou would like to strike | olururğa süedihe would like to strike | bizururğa süebizwe would like to strike | sizururğa süesizyou all would like to strike | alaururğa süedilethey would like to strike |
| would like to | menururğa süymeymeI would not like to strike | senururğa süymeyseyou would not like to strike | olururğa süymeydihe would not like to strike | bizururğa süymeybizwe would not like to strike | sizururğa süymeysizyou all would not like to strike | alaururğa süymeydilethey would not like to strike |
| hope to | menururğa umutlanamaI hope to strike | senururğa umutlanasayou hope to strike | olururğa umutlanadıhe hopes to strike | bizururğa umutlanabızwe hope to strike | sizururğa umutlanasızyou all hope to strike | alaururğa umutlanadılathey hope to strike |
| hope to | menururğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to strike | senururğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to strike | olururğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to strike | bizururğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to strike | sizururğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to strike | alaururğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to strike |
| be about to | menururğa deb turamaI am about to strike | senururğa deb turasayou are about to strike | olururğa deb turadıhe is about to strike | bizururğa deb turabızwe are about to strike | sizururğa deb turasızyou all are about to strike | alaururğa deb turadılathey are about to strike |
| be about to | menururğa deb turmaymaI am not about to strike | senururğa deb turmaysayou are not about to strike | olururğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to strike | bizururğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to strike | sizururğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to strike | alaururğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to strike |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menururğa kerekmeI need to strike | senururğa kerekseyou need to strike | olururğa kerekdihe needs to strike | bizururğa kerekbizwe need to strike | sizururğa kereksizyou all need to strike | alaururğa kerekdilethey need to strike |
| need to | menururğa kerek tülmeI do not need to strike | senururğa kerek tülseyou do not need to strike | olururğa kerek tüldühe does not need to strike | bizururğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to strike | sizururğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to strike | alaururğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to strike |
| have to | menmenŋe ururğa tüşediI have to strike | sensenŋe ururğa tüşediyou have to strike | olaŋa ururğa tüşedihe has to strike | bizbizge ururğa tüşediwe have to strike | sizsizge ururğa tüşediyou all have to strike | alaalağa ururğa tüşedithey have to strike |
| have to | menmenŋe ururğa tüşmeydiI do not have to strike | sensenŋe ururğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to strike | olaŋa ururğa tüşmeydihe does not have to strike | bizbizge ururğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to strike | sizsizge ururğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to strike | alaalağa ururğa tüşmeydithey do not have to strike |
| be obliged to | menururğa borçlumaI am obliged to strike | senururğa borçlusayou are obliged to strike | olururğa borçluduhe is obliged to strike | bizururğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to strike | sizururğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to strike | alaururğa borçludulathey are obliged to strike |
| be obliged to | menururğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to strike | senururğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to strike | olururğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to strike | bizururğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to strike | sizururğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to strike | alaururğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to strike |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menururğa madarım bardıI have a way to strike | senururğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to strike | olururğa madarı bardıhe has a way to strike | bizururğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to strike | sizururğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to strike | alaururğa madarları bardıthey have a way to strike |
| have a way to | menururğa madarım joqduI have no way to strike | senururğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to strike | olururğa madarı joqduhe has no way to strike | bizururğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to strike | sizururğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to strike | alaururğa madarları joqduthey have no way to strike |
| be free to | menururğa erkinligim bardıI am free to strike | senururğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to strike | olururğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to strike | bizururğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to strike | sizururğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to strike | alaururğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to strike |
| be free to | menururğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to strike | senururğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to strike | olururğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to strike | bizururğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to strike | sizururğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to strike | alaururğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to strike |
| be possible to | menmenŋe ururğa bolluqduit is possible for me to strike | sensenŋe ururğa bolluqduit is possible for you to strike | olaŋa ururğa bolluqduit is possible for him to strike | bizbizge ururğa bolluqduit is possible for us to strike | sizsizge ururğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to strike | alaalağa ururğa bolluqduit is possible for them to strike |
| be possible to | menmenŋe ururğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to strike | sensenŋe ururğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to strike | olaŋa ururğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to strike | bizbizge ururğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to strike | sizsizge ururğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to strike | alaalağa ururğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to strike |
| be ready to | menururğa hazırmaI am ready to strike | senururğa hazırsayou are ready to strike | olururğa hazırdıhe is ready to strike | bizururğa hazırbızwe are ready to strike | sizururğa hazırsızyou all are ready to strike | alaururğa hazırdılathey are ready to strike |
| be ready to | menururğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to strike | senururğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to strike | olururğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to strike | bizururğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to strike | sizururğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to strike | alaururğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to strike |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menururğa küreşemeI am trying to strike | senururğa küreşeseyou are trying to strike | olururğa küreşedihe is trying to strike | bizururğa küreşebizwe are trying to strike | sizururğa küreşesizyou all are trying to strike | alaururğa küreşedilethey are trying to strike |
| try to | menururğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to strike | senururğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to strike | olururğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to strike | bizururğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to strike | sizururğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to strike | alaururğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to strike |
| agree to | menururğa unaymaI agree to strike | senururğa unaysayou agree to strike | olururğa unaydıhe agrees to strike | bizururğa unaybızwe agree to strike | sizururğa unaysızyou all agree to strike | alaururğa unaydılathey agree to strike |
| agree to | menururğa unamaymaI refuse to strike | senururğa unamaysayou refuse to strike | olururğa unamaydıhe refuses to strike | bizururğa unamaybızwe refuse to strike | sizururğa unamaysızyou all refuse to strike | alaururğa unamaydılathey refuse to strike |
| hurry to | menururğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to strike | senururğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to strike | olururğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to strike | bizururğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to strike | sizururğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to strike | alaururğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to strike |
| hurry to | menururğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to strike | senururğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to strike | olururğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to strike | bizururğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to strike | sizururğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to strike | alaururğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to strike |
| be afraid to | menururğa qorqamaI am afraid to strike | senururğa qorqasayou are afraid to strike | olururğa qorqadıhe is afraid to strike | bizururğa qorqabızwe are afraid to strike | sizururğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to strike | alaururğa qorqadılathey are afraid to strike |
| be afraid to | menururğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to strike | senururğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to strike | olururğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to strike | bizururğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to strike | sizururğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to strike | alaururğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to strike |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menura bolmazmaI can't be striking | senura bolmazsayou can't be striking | olura bolmazhe can't be striking | bizura bolmazbızwe can't be striking | sizura bolmazsızyou all can't be striking | alaura bolmazlathey can't be striking |
| Inference, present — double negation | menurmay bolmazmaI must be striking (emphatic) | senurmay bolmazsayou must be striking (emphatic) | olurmay bolmazhe must be striking (emphatic) | bizurmay bolmazbızwe must be striking (emphatic) | sizurmay bolmazsızyou all must be striking (emphatic) | alaurmay bolmazlathey must be striking (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menura turmasamif I don't keep striking | senura turmasaŋif you don't keep striking | olura turmasaif he doesn't keep striking | bizura turmasaqif we don't keep striking | sizura turmasağızif you all don't keep striking | alaura turmasalaif they don't keep striking |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menura tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of striking | senura tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of striking | olura tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of striking | bizura tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of striking | sizura tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of striking | alaura tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of striking |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menurmay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not striking (emphatic) | senurmay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not striking (emphatic) | olurmay tura bolmazhe must keep on not striking (emphatic) | bizurmay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not striking (emphatic) | sizurmay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not striking (emphatic) | alaurmay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not striking (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menurmay turamaI keep on not striking | senurmay turasayou keep on not striking | olurmay turadıhe keeps on not striking | bizurmay turabızwe keep on not striking | sizurmay turasızyou all keep on not striking | alaurmay turadılathey keep on not striking |
| Progressive — double negation | menurmay turmaymaI am not keeping on not striking | senurmay turmaysayou are not keeping on not striking | olurmay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not striking | bizurmay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not striking | sizurmay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not striking | alaurmay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not striking |
| Progressive — double negation | menurmay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not striking? | senurmay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not striking? | olurmay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not striking? | bizurmay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not striking? | sizurmay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not striking? | alaurmay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not striking? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menurğan bolmazmaI can't have struck | senurğan bolmazsayou can't have struck | olurğan bolmazhe can't have struck | bizurğan bolmazbızwe can't have struck | sizurğan bolmazsızyou all can't have struck | alaurğan bolmazlathey can't have struck |
| Inference — double negation | menurmağan bolmazmaI must have struck (emphatic) | senurmağan bolmazsayou must have struck (emphatic) | olurmağan bolmazhe must have struck (emphatic) | bizurmağan bolmazbızwe must have struck (emphatic) | sizurmağan bolmazsızyou all must have struck (emphatic) | alaurmağan bolmazlathey must have struck (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menurğan bolmasamif it weren't that I had struck | senurğan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had struck | olurğan bolmasaif it weren't that he had struck | bizurğan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had struck | sizurğan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had struck | alaurğan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had struck |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menurmağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't struck | senurmağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't struck | olurmağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't struck | bizurmağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't struck | sizurmağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't struck | alaurmağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't struck |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menurluq bolmazmaI can't be going to strike | senurluq bolmazsayou can't be going to strike | olurluq bolmazhe can't be going to strike | bizurluq bolmazbızwe can't be going to strike | sizurluq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to strike | alaurluq bolmazlathey can't be going to strike |
| Inference, future — double negation | menurmazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to strike (emphatic) | senurmazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to strike (emphatic) | olurmazlıq bolmazhe must be going to strike (emphatic) | bizurmazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to strike (emphatic) | sizurmazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to strike (emphatic) | alaurmazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to strike (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menurluq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to strike | senurluq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to strike | olurluq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to strike | bizurluq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to strike | sizurluq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to strike | alaurluq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to strike |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menurmazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to strike | senurmazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to strike | olurmazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to strike | bizurmazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to strike | sizurmazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to strike | alaurmazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to strike |