unuğurğa
/unuʁurʁa/
1. be downcast, be dispirited, grow gloomy, wilt one source
- qız anası ölgenli unuğub qaldı — the girl has been downcast since her mother died
- ol bügün unuğub turadı — he is downcast today
- unuğub başlarğa — to begin to lose heart
- unuğub qalırğa — to grow gloomy and withdrawn
2. be oppressed, suffer oppression one source
- halqla unuğub jaşaydıla — peoples live under oppression
- halq unuğub jaşağandı — the people lived under oppression
- ala köb jılnı unuqğandıla — they suffered oppression for many years
- unuğub tururğa — to live under oppression
Conjugation
Common forms
- unuğadıhe is being downcast
- unuqduhe was downcast
- unuqğandıhe has been downcast
- unuğurhe will be downcast
- unuğuruqduhe is going to be downcast
- unuğa edihe was being downcast
- unuqsaif he is downcast
- unuq!be downcast!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menunuğamaI am being downcast | senunuğasayou are being downcast | olunuğadıhe is being downcast | bizunuğabızwe are being downcast | sizunuğasızyou all are being downcast | alaunuğadılathey are being downcast |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menunuqmaymaI am not being downcast | senunuqmaysayou are not being downcast | olunuqmaydıhe is not being downcast | bizunuqmaybızwe are not being downcast | sizunuqmaysızyou all are not being downcast | alaunuqmaydılathey are not being downcast |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menunuğamamı? unuğamıma?am I being downcast? | senunuğamısa?are you being downcast? | olunuğamıdı?is he being downcast? | bizunuğabızmı? unuğamıbız?are we being downcast? | sizunuğamısız?are you all being downcast? | alaunuğamıdıla?are they being downcast? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menunuqmaymamı? unuqmaymıma?aren't I being downcast? | senunuqmaymısa?aren't you being downcast? | olunuqmaymıdı?isn't he being downcast? | bizunuqmaybızmı? unuqmaymıbız?aren't we being downcast? | sizunuqmaymısız?aren't you all being downcast? | alaunuqmaymıdıla?aren't they being downcast? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menunuğuwçanmaI am usually downcast | senunuğuwçansayou are usually downcast | olunuğuwçandıhe is usually downcast | bizunuğuwçanbızwe are usually downcast | sizunuğuwçansızyou all are usually downcast | alaunuğuwçandılathey are usually downcast |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menunuqmawçanmaI am usually not downcast | senunuqmawçansayou are usually not downcast | olunuqmawçandıhe is usually not downcast | bizunuqmawçanbızwe are usually not downcast | sizunuqmawçansızyou all are usually not downcast | alaunuqmawçandılathey are usually not downcast |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menunuğuwçanmamı? unuğuwçanmıma?am I usually downcast? | senunuğuwçanmısa?are you usually downcast? | olunuğuwçanmıdı?is he usually downcast? | bizunuğuwçanbızmı? unuğuwçanmıbız?are we usually downcast? | sizunuğuwçanmısız?are you all usually downcast? | alaunuğuwçanmıdıla?are they usually downcast? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menunuqmawçanmamı? unuqmawçanmıma?am I usually not downcast? | senunuqmawçanmısa?are you usually not downcast? | olunuqmawçanmıdı?is he usually not downcast? | bizunuqmawçanbızmı? unuqmawçanmıbız?are we usually not downcast? | sizunuqmawçanmısız?are you all usually not downcast? | alaunuqmawçanmıdıla?are they usually not downcast? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olunuğubduhe has been downcast and remains so | alaunuğubdulathey have been downcast and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olunuğubmudu?has he been downcast? | alaunuğubmudula?have they been downcast? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menunuğub turamaI remain downcast | senunuğub turasayou remain downcast | olunuğub turadıhe remains downcast | bizunuğub turabızwe remain downcast | sizunuğub turasızyou all remain downcast | alaunuğub turadılathey remain downcast |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menunuğub turmaymaI don't remain downcast | senunuğub turmaysayou don't remain downcast | olunuğub turmaydıhe doesn't remain downcast | bizunuğub turmaybızwe don't remain downcast | sizunuğub turmaysızyou all don't remain downcast | alaunuğub turmaydılathey don't remain downcast |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menunuğub turamamı? unuğub turamıma?do I remain downcast? | senunuğub turamısa?do you remain downcast? | olunuğub turamıdı?does he remain downcast? | bizunuğub turabızmı? unuğub turamıbız?do we remain downcast? | sizunuğub turamısız?do you all remain downcast? | alaunuğub turamıdıla?do they remain downcast? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menunuğub turmaymamı? unuğub turmaymıma?don't I remain downcast? | senunuğub turmaymısa?don't you remain downcast? | olunuğub turmaymıdı?doesn't he remain downcast? | bizunuğub turmaybızmı? unuğub turmaymıbız?don't we remain downcast? | sizunuğub turmaymısız?don't you all remain downcast? | alaunuğub turmaymıdıla?don't they remain downcast? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menunuğa turamaI am in the middle of being downcast | senunuğa turasayou are in the middle of being downcast | olunuğa turadıhe is in the middle of being downcast | bizunuğa turabızwe are in the middle of being downcast | sizunuğa turasızyou all are in the middle of being downcast | alaunuğa turadılathey are in the middle of being downcast |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menunuğa turmaymaI am not in the middle of being downcast | senunuğa turmaysayou are not in the middle of being downcast | olunuğa turmaydıhe is not in the middle of being downcast | bizunuğa turmaybızwe are not in the middle of being downcast | sizunuğa turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of being downcast | alaunuğa turmaydılathey are not in the middle of being downcast |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menunuğa turamamı? unuğa turamıma?am I in the middle of being downcast? | senunuğa turamısa?are you in the middle of being downcast? | olunuğa turamıdı?is he in the middle of being downcast? | bizunuğa turabızmı? unuğa turamıbız?are we in the middle of being downcast? | sizunuğa turamısız?are you all in the middle of being downcast? | alaunuğa turamıdıla?are they in the middle of being downcast? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menunuğa turmaymamı? unuğa turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of being downcast? | senunuğa turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of being downcast? | olunuğa turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of being downcast? | bizunuğa turmaybızmı? unuğa turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of being downcast? | sizunuğa turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of being downcast? | alaunuğa turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of being downcast? |
| Simple past (definite) | menunuqdumI was downcast | senunuqduŋyou were downcast | olunuqduhe was downcast | bizunuqduqwe were downcast | sizunuqduğuzyou all were downcast | alaunuqdulathey were downcast |
| Simple past (definite) | menunuqmadımI wasn't downcast | senunuqmadıŋyou weren't downcast | olunuqmadıhe wasn't downcast | bizunuqmadıqwe weren't downcast | sizunuqmadığızyou all weren't downcast | alaunuqmadılathey weren't downcast |
| Simple past (definite) | menunuqdummu?was I downcast? | senunuqduŋmu?were you downcast? | olunuqdumu?was he downcast? | bizunuqduqmu?were we downcast? | sizunuqduğuzmu?were you all downcast? | alaunuqdulamı?were they downcast? |
| Simple past (definite) | menunuqmadımmı?wasn't I downcast? | senunuqmadıŋmı?weren't you downcast? | olunuqmadımı?wasn't he downcast? | bizunuqmadıqmı?weren't we downcast? | sizunuqmadığızmı?weren't you all downcast? | alaunuqmadılamı?weren't they downcast? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menunuqğanmaI have been downcast | senunuqğansayou have been downcast | olunuqğandıhe has been downcast | bizunuqğanbızwe have been downcast | sizunuqğansızyou all have been downcast | alaunuqğandılathey have been downcast |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menunuqmağanmaI haven't been downcast | senunuqmağansayou haven't been downcast | olunuqmağandıhe hasn't been downcast | bizunuqmağanbızwe haven't been downcast | sizunuqmağansızyou all haven't been downcast | alaunuqmağandılathey haven't been downcast |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menunuqğanmamı? unuqğanmıma?have I been downcast? | senunuqğanmısa?have you been downcast? | olunuqğanmıdı?has he been downcast? | bizunuqğanbızmı? unuqğanmıbız?have we been downcast? | sizunuqğanmısız?have you all been downcast? | alaunuqğanmıdıla?have they been downcast? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menunuqmağanmamı? unuqmağanmıma?haven't I been downcast? | senunuqmağanmısa?haven't you been downcast? | olunuqmağanmıdı?hasn't he been downcast? | bizunuqmağanbızmı? unuqmağanmıbız?haven't we been downcast? | sizunuqmağanmısız?haven't you all been downcast? | alaunuqmağanmıdıla?haven't they been downcast? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menunuğub turdumI remained downcast | senunuğub turduŋyou remained downcast | olunuğub turduhe remained downcast | bizunuğub turduqwe remained downcast | sizunuğub turduğuzyou all remained downcast | alaunuğub turdulathey remained downcast |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menunuğub turmadımI didn't remain downcast | senunuğub turmadıŋyou didn't remain downcast | olunuğub turmadıhe didn't remain downcast | bizunuğub turmadıqwe didn't remain downcast | sizunuğub turmadığızyou all didn't remain downcast | alaunuğub turmadılathey didn't remain downcast |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menunuğurmaI will be downcast | senunuğursayou will be downcast | olunuğurhe will be downcast | bizunuğurbuzwe will be downcast | sizunuğursuzyou all will be downcast | alaunuğurlathey will be downcast |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menunuqmazmaI won't be downcast | senunuqmazsayou won't be downcast | olunuqmazhe won't be downcast | bizunuqmazbızwe won't be downcast | sizunuqmazsızyou all won't be downcast | alaunuqmazlathey won't be downcast |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menunuğurmamı? unuğurmuma?will I be downcast? | senunuğurmusa?will you be downcast? | olunuğurmu?will he be downcast? | bizunuğurbuzmu? unuğurmubuz?will we be downcast? | sizunuğurmusuz?will you all be downcast? | alaunuğurlamı? unuğurmula?will they be downcast? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menunuqmazmamı? unuqmazmıma?won't I be downcast? | senunuqmazmısa?won't you be downcast? | olunuqmazmı?won't he be downcast? | bizunuqmazbızmı? unuqmazmıbız?won't we be downcast? | sizunuqmazmısız?won't you all be downcast? | alaunuqmazlamı? unuqmazmıla?won't they be downcast? |
| Definite future (future II) | menunuğuruqmaI am going to be downcast | senunuğuruqsayou are going to be downcast | olunuğuruqduhe is going to be downcast | bizunuğuruqbuzwe are going to be downcast | sizunuğuruqsuzyou all are going to be downcast | alaunuğuruqdulathey are going to be downcast |
| Definite future (future II) | menunuğuruq tülmeI am not going to be downcast | senunuğuruq tülseyou are not going to be downcast | olunuğuruq tüldühe is not going to be downcast | bizunuğuruq tülbüzwe are not going to be downcast | sizunuğuruq tülsüzyou all are not going to be downcast | alaunuğuruq tüldülethey are not going to be downcast |
| Definite future (future II) | menunuğuruqmamı? unuğuruqmuma?am I going to be downcast? | senunuğuruqmusa?are you going to be downcast? | olunuğuruqmudu?is he going to be downcast? | bizunuğuruqbuzmu? unuğuruqmubuz?are we going to be downcast? | sizunuğuruqmusuz?are you all going to be downcast? | alaunuğuruqmudula?are they going to be downcast? |
| Definite future (future II) | menunuğuruq tülmüme?aren't I going to be downcast? | senunuğuruq tülmüse?aren't you going to be downcast? | olunuğuruq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be downcast? | bizunuğuruq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be downcast? | sizunuğuruq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be downcast? | alaunuğuruq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be downcast? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menunuqğan edimunuqğanemI had been downcast | senunuqğan ediŋunuqğaneŋyou had been downcast | olunuqğan ediunuqğanedhe had been downcast | bizunuqğan edikunuqğanekwe had been downcast | sizunuqğan edigizunuqğanegizyou all had been downcast | alaunuqğan edileunuqğanellethey had been downcast |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menunuqmağan edimunuqmağanemI hadn't been downcast | senunuqmağan ediŋunuqmağaneŋyou hadn't been downcast | olunuqmağan ediunuqmağanedhe hadn't been downcast | bizunuqmağan edikunuqmağanekwe hadn't been downcast | sizunuqmağan edigizunuqmağanegizyou all hadn't been downcast | alaunuqmağan edileunuqmağanellethey hadn't been downcast |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menunuğa edimunuğaemI was being downcast | senunuğa ediŋunuğaeŋyou were being downcast | olunuğa ediunuğaedhe was being downcast | bizunuğa edikunuğaekwe were being downcast | sizunuğa edigizunuğaegizyou all were being downcast | alaunuğa edileunuğaellethey were being downcast |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menunuqmay edimunuqmayemI wasn't being downcast | senunuqmay ediŋunuqmayeŋyou weren't being downcast | olunuqmay ediunuqmayedhe wasn't being downcast | bizunuqmay edikunuqmayekwe weren't being downcast | sizunuqmay edigizunuqmayegizyou all weren't being downcast | alaunuqmay edileunuqmayellethey weren't being downcast |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menunuğuwçan edimunuğuwçanemI used to be downcast | senunuğuwçan ediŋunuğuwçaneŋyou used to be downcast | olunuğuwçan ediunuğuwçanedhe used to be downcast | bizunuğuwçan edikunuğuwçanekwe used to be downcast | sizunuğuwçan edigizunuğuwçanegizyou all used to be downcast | alaunuğuwçan edileunuğuwçanellethey used to be downcast |
| Habitual past (used to) | menunuqmawçan edimunuqmawçanemI didn't use to be downcast | senunuqmawçan ediŋunuqmawçaneŋyou didn't use to be downcast | olunuqmawçan ediunuqmawçanedhe didn't use to be downcast | bizunuqmawçan edikunuqmawçanekwe didn't use to be downcast | sizunuqmawçan edigizunuqmawçanegizyou all didn't use to be downcast | alaunuqmawçan edileunuqmawçanellethey didn't use to be downcast |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olunuğub edihe had been downcast and remained so | alaunuğub edilethey had been downcast and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olunuğub tül edihe hadn't been downcast | alaunuğub tül edilethey hadn't been downcast | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menunuğub tura edimunuğub turaemI had remained downcast | senunuğub tura ediŋunuğub turaeŋyou had remained downcast | olunuğub tura ediunuğub turaedhe had remained downcast | bizunuğub tura edikunuğub turaekwe had remained downcast | sizunuğub tura edigizunuğub turaegizyou all had remained downcast | alaunuğub tura edileunuğub turaellethey had remained downcast |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menunuğub turmay edimunuğub turmayemI hadn't remained downcast | senunuğub turmay ediŋunuğub turmayeŋyou hadn't remained downcast | olunuğub turmay ediunuğub turmayedhe hadn't remained downcast | bizunuğub turmay edikunuğub turmayekwe hadn't remained downcast | sizunuğub turmay edigizunuğub turmayegizyou all hadn't remained downcast | alaunuğub turmay edileunuğub turmayellethey hadn't remained downcast |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menunuğa tura edimunuğa turaemI was in the middle of being downcast | senunuğa tura ediŋunuğa turaeŋyou were in the middle of being downcast | olunuğa tura ediunuğa turaedhe was in the middle of being downcast | bizunuğa tura edikunuğa turaekwe were in the middle of being downcast | sizunuğa tura edigizunuğa turaegizyou all were in the middle of being downcast | alaunuğa tura edileunuğa turaellethey were in the middle of being downcast |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menunuğa turmay edimunuğa turmayemI wasn't in the middle of being downcast | senunuğa turmay ediŋunuğa turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of being downcast | olunuğa turmay ediunuğa turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of being downcast | bizunuğa turmay edikunuğa turmayekwe weren't in the middle of being downcast | sizunuğa turmay edigizunuğa turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of being downcast | alaunuğa turmay edileunuğa turmayellethey weren't in the middle of being downcast |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menunuğur edimunuğur emI would be downcast | senunuğur ediŋunuğur eŋyou would be downcast | olunuğur ediunuğur edhe would be downcast | bizunuğur edikunuğur ekwe would be downcast | sizunuğur edigizunuğur egizyou all would be downcast | alaunuğur edileunuğur ellethey would be downcast |
| Conditional result (would) | menunuqmaz edimunuqmaz emI wouldn't be downcast | senunuqmaz ediŋunuqmaz eŋyou wouldn't be downcast | olunuqmaz ediunuqmaz edhe wouldn't be downcast | bizunuqmaz edikunuqmaz ekwe wouldn't be downcast | sizunuqmaz edigizunuqmaz egizyou all wouldn't be downcast | alaunuqmaz edileunuqmaz ellethey wouldn't be downcast |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menunuğuruq edimunuğuruq emI would have been downcast | senunuğuruq ediŋunuğuruq eŋyou would have been downcast | olunuğuruq ediunuğuruq edhe would have been downcast | bizunuğuruq edikunuğuruq ekwe would have been downcast | sizunuğuruq edigizunuğuruq egizyou all would have been downcast | alaunuğuruq edileunuğuruq ellethey would have been downcast |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menunuğuruq tül edimunuğuruq tül emI wouldn't have been downcast | senunuğuruq tül ediŋunuğuruq tül eŋyou wouldn't have been downcast | olunuğuruq tül ediunuğuruq tül edhe wouldn't have been downcast | bizunuğuruq tül edikunuğuruq tül ekwe wouldn't have been downcast | sizunuğuruq tül edigizunuğuruq tül egizyou all wouldn't have been downcast | alaunuğuruq tül edileunuğuruq tül ellethey wouldn't have been downcast |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menunuqsamif I am downcast | senunuqsaŋif you are downcast | olunuqsaif he is downcast | bizunuqsaqif we are downcast | sizunuqsağızif you all are downcast | alaunuqsalaif they are downcast |
| Conditional | menunuqmasamif I am not downcast | senunuqmasaŋif you are not downcast | olunuqmasaif he is not downcast | bizunuqmasaqif we are not downcast | sizunuqmasağızif you all are not downcast | alaunuqmasalaif they are not downcast |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menunuğa esemif I am being downcast | senunuğa eseŋif you are being downcast | olunuğa eseif he is being downcast | bizunuğa esekif we are being downcast | sizunuğa esegizif you all are being downcast | alaunuğa eseleif they are being downcast |
| Conditional, present real | menunuqmay esemif I am not being downcast | senunuqmay eseŋif you are not being downcast | olunuqmay eseif he is not being downcast | bizunuqmay esekif we are not being downcast | sizunuqmay esegizif you all are not being downcast | alaunuqmay eseleif they are not being downcast |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menunuqsam ediunuqsam edif only I was downcast | senunuqsaŋ ediunuqsaŋ edif only you was downcast | olunuqsa ediunuqsaedif only he was downcast | bizunuqsaq ediunuqsaq edif only we was downcast | sizunuqsağız ediunuqsağız edif only you all was downcast | alaunuqsala ediunuqsalaedif only they was downcast |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menunuqmasam ediunuqmasam edif only I didn't be downcast | senunuqmasaŋ ediunuqmasaŋ edif only you didn't be downcast | olunuqmasa ediunuqmasaedif only he didn't be downcast | bizunuqmasaq ediunuqmasaq edif only we didn't be downcast | sizunuqmasağız ediunuqmasağız edif only you all didn't be downcast | alaunuqmasala ediunuqmasalaedif only they didn't be downcast |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menunuğub tursamif I remain downcast | senunuğub tursaŋif you remain downcast | olunuğub tursaif he remains downcast | bizunuğub tursaqif we remain downcast | sizunuğub tursağızif you all remain downcast | alaunuğub tursalaif they remain downcast |
| Durative conditional | menunuğub turmasamif I don't remain downcast | senunuğub turmasaŋif you don't remain downcast | olunuğub turmasaif he doesn't remain downcast | bizunuğub turmasaqif we don't remain downcast | sizunuğub turmasağızif you all don't remain downcast | alaunuğub turmasalaif they don't remain downcast |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menunuğub tura esemif I have remained downcast | senunuğub tura eseŋif you have remained downcast | olunuğub tura eseif he has remained downcast | bizunuğub tura esekif we have remained downcast | sizunuğub tura esegizif you all have remained downcast | alaunuğub tura eseleif they have remained downcast |
| Durative conditional, present real | menunuğub turmay esemif I haven't remained downcast | senunuğub turmay eseŋif you haven't remained downcast | olunuğub turmay eseif he hasn't remained downcast | bizunuğub turmay esekif we haven't remained downcast | sizunuğub turmay esegizif you all haven't remained downcast | alaunuğub turmay eseleif they haven't remained downcast |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menunuğa tursamif I keep being downcast | senunuğa tursaŋif you keep being downcast | olunuğa tursaif he keeps being downcast | bizunuğa tursaqif we keep being downcast | sizunuğa tursağızif you all keep being downcast | alaunuğa tursalaif they keep being downcast |
| Progressive conditional | menunuqmay tursamif I keep on not being downcast | senunuqmay tursaŋif you keep on not being downcast | olunuqmay tursaif he keeps on not being downcast | bizunuqmay tursaqif we keep on not being downcast | sizunuqmay tursağızif you all keep on not being downcast | alaunuqmay tursalaif they keep on not being downcast |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menunuğa tura esemif I am in the middle of being downcast | senunuğa tura eseŋif you are in the middle of being downcast | olunuğa tura eseif he is in the middle of being downcast | bizunuğa tura esekif we are in the middle of being downcast | sizunuğa tura esegizif you all are in the middle of being downcast | alaunuğa tura eseleif they are in the middle of being downcast |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menunuqmay tura esemif I keep on not being downcast | senunuqmay tura eseŋif you keep on not being downcast | olunuqmay tura eseif he keeps on not being downcast | bizunuqmay tura esekif we keep on not being downcast | sizunuqmay tura esegizif you all keep on not being downcast | alaunuqmay tura eseleif they keep on not being downcast |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menunuqdum esemif I was downcast | senunuqduŋ eseŋif you were downcast | olunuqdu eseif he was downcast | bizunuqduq esekif we were downcast | sizunuqduğuz esegizif you all were downcast | alaunuqdula eseleif they were downcast |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menunuqmadım esemif I wasn't downcast | senunuqmadıŋ eseŋif you weren't downcast | olunuqmadı eseif he wasn't downcast | bizunuqmadıq esekif we weren't downcast | sizunuqmadığız esegizif you all weren't downcast | alaunuqmadıla eseleif they weren't downcast |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menunuqğan esemif I was downcast (indeed) | senunuqğan eseŋif you were downcast (indeed) | olunuqğan eseif he was downcast (indeed) | bizunuqğan esekif we were downcast (indeed) | sizunuqğan esegizif you all were downcast (indeed) | alaunuqğan eseleif they were downcast (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menunuqmağan esemif I wasn't downcast (indeed) | senunuqmağan eseŋif you weren't downcast (indeed) | olunuqmağan eseif he wasn't downcast (indeed) | bizunuqmağan esekif we weren't downcast (indeed) | sizunuqmağan esegizif you all weren't downcast (indeed) | alaunuqmağan eseleif they weren't downcast (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menunuqğan bolsamif I had been downcast | senunuqğan bolsaŋif you had been downcast | olunuqğan bolsaif he had been downcast | bizunuqğan bolsaqif we had been downcast | sizunuqğan bolsağızif you all had been downcast | alaunuqğan bolsalaif they had been downcast |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menunuqmağan bolsamif I hadn't been downcast | senunuqmağan bolsaŋif you hadn't been downcast | olunuqmağan bolsaif he hadn't been downcast | bizunuqmağan bolsaqif we hadn't been downcast | sizunuqmağan bolsağızif you all hadn't been downcast | alaunuqmağan bolsalaif they hadn't been downcast |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menunuqğan bolsam ediunuqğan bolsam edif only I had been downcast | senunuqğan bolsaŋ ediunuqğan bolsaŋ edif only you had been downcast | olunuqğan bolsa ediunuqğan bolsaedif only he had been downcast | bizunuqğan bolsaq ediunuqğan bolsaq edif only we had been downcast | sizunuqğan bolsağız ediunuqğan bolsağız edif only you all had been downcast | alaunuqğan bolsala ediunuqğan bolsalaedif only they had been downcast |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menunuqmağan bolsam ediunuqmağan bolsam edif only I hadn't been downcast | senunuqmağan bolsaŋ ediunuqmağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't been downcast | olunuqmağan bolsa ediunuqmağan bolsaedif only he hadn't been downcast | bizunuqmağan bolsaq ediunuqmağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't been downcast | sizunuqmağan bolsağız ediunuqmağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't been downcast | alaunuqmağan bolsala ediunuqmağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't been downcast |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menunuğur esemif I will be downcast | senunuğur eseŋif you will be downcast | olunuğur eseif he will be downcast | bizunuğur esekif we will be downcast | sizunuğur esegizif you all will be downcast | alaunuğur eseleif they will be downcast |
| Conditional, aorist | menunuqmaz esemif I won't be downcast | senunuqmaz eseŋif you won't be downcast | olunuqmaz eseif he won't be downcast | bizunuqmaz esekif we won't be downcast | sizunuqmaz esegizif you all won't be downcast | alaunuqmaz eseleif they won't be downcast |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menunuğuruq esemif I am going to be downcast | senunuğuruq eseŋif you are going to be downcast | olunuğuruq eseif he is going to be downcast | bizunuğuruq esekif we are going to be downcast | sizunuğuruq esegizif you all are going to be downcast | alaunuğuruq eseleif they are going to be downcast |
| Conditional, future | menunuğuruq tül esemif I am not going to be downcast | senunuğuruq tül eseŋif you are not going to be downcast | olunuğuruq tül eseif he is not going to be downcast | bizunuğuruq tül esekif we are not going to be downcast | sizunuğuruq tül esegizif you all are not going to be downcast | alaunuğuruq tül eseleif they are not going to be downcast |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menunuğuruq bolsamif I were going to be downcast | senunuğuruq bolsaŋif you were going to be downcast | olunuğuruq bolsaif he were going to be downcast | bizunuğuruq bolsaqif we were going to be downcast | sizunuğuruq bolsağızif you all were going to be downcast | alaunuğuruq bolsalaif they were going to be downcast |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menunuqmazlıq bolsamif I were not going to be downcast | senunuqmazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to be downcast | olunuqmazlıq bolsaif he were not going to be downcast | bizunuqmazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to be downcast | sizunuqmazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to be downcast | alaunuqmazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to be downcast |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso unuqduŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menunuğa bolurmaI must be being downcast | senunuğa bolursayou must be being downcast | olunuğa bolurhe must be being downcast | bizunuğa bolurbuzwe must be being downcast | sizunuğa bolursuzyou all must be being downcast | alaunuğa bolurlathey must be being downcast |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menunuqmay bolurmaI must not be being downcast | senunuqmay bolursayou must not be being downcast | olunuqmay bolurhe must not be being downcast | bizunuqmay bolurbuzwe must not be being downcast | sizunuqmay bolursuzyou all must not be being downcast | alaunuqmay bolurlathey must not be being downcast |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menunuğa tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of being downcast | senunuğa tura bolursayou must be in the middle of being downcast | olunuğa tura bolurhe must be in the middle of being downcast | bizunuğa tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of being downcast | sizunuğa tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of being downcast | alaunuğa tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of being downcast |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menunuqmay tura bolurmaI must keep on not being downcast | senunuqmay tura bolursayou must keep on not being downcast | olunuqmay tura bolurhe must keep on not being downcast | bizunuqmay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not being downcast | sizunuqmay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not being downcast | alaunuqmay tura bolurlathey must keep on not being downcast |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menunuqğan bolurmaI must have been downcast | senunuqğan bolursayou must have been downcast | olunuqğan bolurhe must have been downcast | bizunuqğan bolurbuzwe must have been downcast | sizunuqğan bolursuzyou all must have been downcast | alaunuqğan bolurlathey must have been downcast |
| Inference (must have) | menunuqmağan bolurmaI must not have been downcast | senunuqmağan bolursayou must not have been downcast | olunuqmağan bolurhe must not have been downcast | bizunuqmağan bolurbuzwe must not have been downcast | sizunuqmağan bolursuzyou all must not have been downcast | alaunuqmağan bolurlathey must not have been downcast |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menunuğuruq bolurmaI must be going to be downcast | senunuğuruq bolursayou must be going to be downcast | olunuğuruq bolurhe must be going to be downcast | bizunuğuruq bolurbuzwe must be going to be downcast | sizunuğuruq bolursuzyou all must be going to be downcast | alaunuğuruq bolurlathey must be going to be downcast |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menunuqmazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to be downcast | senunuqmazlıq bolursayou must not be going to be downcast | olunuqmazlıq bolurhe must not be going to be downcast | bizunuqmazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to be downcast | sizunuqmazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to be downcast | alaunuqmazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to be downcast |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menunuğayımlet me be downcast | senunuq!be downcast! | olunuqsunlet him be downcast | bizunuğayıqlet's be downcast | sizunuğuğuz!be downcast, you all! | alaunuqsunlalet them be downcast |
| Commands & suggestions | menunuqmayımlet me not be downcast | senunuqma!don't be downcast! | olunuqmasınlet him not be downcast | bizunuqmayıqlet's not be downcast | sizunuqmağız!don't be downcast, you all! | alaunuqmasınlalet them not be downcast |
| Commands & suggestions | menunuğayımmı?shall I be downcast? | olunuqsunmu?should he be downcast? | bizunuğayıqmı?shall we be downcast? | alaunuqsunlamı?should they be downcast? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menunuqmayımmı?shall I not be downcast? | olunuqmasınmı?should he not be downcast? | bizunuqmayıqmı?shall we not be downcast? | alaunuqmasınlamı?should they not be downcast? | ||
| Requests | senunuqçu2unuqçunplease be downcast | olunuqsunçudo let him be downcast | sizunuqçuğuzplease be downcast (plural/polite) | alaunuqsunlaçıdo let them be downcast | ||
| Requests | senunuqmaçı2unuqmaçınplease don't be downcast | olunuqmasınçıdo let him not be downcast | sizunuqmaçığızplease don't be downcast (plural/polite) | alaunuqmasınlaçıdo let them not be downcast | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senunuqğununuqğumay you be downcast | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senunuqmağınunuqmağımay you not be downcast | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menunuqğay edim unuqğa edimwould that I were downcast | senunuqğay ediŋ unuqğa ediŋwould that you were downcast | olunuqğay edi unuqğa ediwould that he were downcast | bizunuqğay edik unuqğa edikwould that we were downcast | sizunuqğay edigiz unuqğa edigizwould that you all were downcast | alaunuqğay edile unuqğa edilewould that they were downcast |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menunuqmağay edim unuqmağa edimwould that I were not downcast | senunuqmağay ediŋ unuqmağa ediŋwould that you were not downcast | olunuqmağay edi unuqmağa ediwould that he were not downcast | bizunuqmağay edik unuqmağa edikwould that we were not downcast | sizunuqmağay edigiz unuqmağa edigizwould that you all were not downcast | alaunuqmağay edile unuqmağa edilewould that they were not downcast |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menunuqmağa qoyayımunuqma qoyayımlet me allow someone to be downcast | senunuqmağa qoy!unuqma qoy!let someone be downcast! | olunuqmağa qoysununuqma qoysunlet him allow someone to be downcast | bizunuqmağa qoyayıqunuqma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to be downcast | sizunuqmağa qoyuğuz!unuqma qoyuğuz!let someone be downcast, you all! | alaunuqmağa qoysunlaunuqma qoysunlalet them allow someone to be downcast |
| Let someone… (commands) | menunuqmağa qoymayımunuqma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to be downcast | senunuqmağa qoyma!unuqma qoyma!don't let someone be downcast! | olunuqmağa qoymasınunuqma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to be downcast | bizunuqmağa qoymayıqunuqma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to be downcast | sizunuqmağa qoymağız!unuqma qoymağız!don't let someone be downcast, you all! | alaunuqmağa qoymasınlaunuqma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to be downcast |
| Let someone… (commands) | menunuqmağa qoyayımmı?unuqma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to be downcast? | olunuqmağa qoysunmu?unuqma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to be downcast? | bizunuqmağa qoyayıqmı?unuqma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to be downcast? | alaunuqmağa qoysunlamı?unuqma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to be downcast? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menunuqmağa qoymayımmı?unuqma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to be downcast? | olunuqmağa qoymasınmı?unuqma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to be downcast? | bizunuqmağa qoymayıqmı?unuqma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to be downcast? | alaunuqmağa qoymasınlamı?unuqma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to be downcast? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menunuqmağa qoyamaunuqma qoyamaI allow someone to be downcast | senunuqmağa qoyasaunuqma qoyasayou allow someone to be downcast | olunuqmağa qoyadıunuqma qoyadıhe allows someone to be downcast | bizunuqmağa qoyabızunuqma qoyabızwe allow someone to be downcast | sizunuqmağa qoyasızunuqma qoyasızyou all allow someone to be downcast | alaunuqmağa qoyadılaunuqma qoyadılathey allow someone to be downcast |
| Let someone… (present) | menunuqmağa qoymaymaunuqma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to be downcast | senunuqmağa qoymaysaunuqma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to be downcast | olunuqmağa qoymaydıunuqma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to be downcast | bizunuqmağa qoymaybızunuqma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to be downcast | sizunuqmağa qoymaysızunuqma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to be downcast | alaunuqmağa qoymaydılaunuqma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to be downcast |
| Let someone… (present) | menunuqmağa qoyamamı?unuqma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to be downcast? | senunuqmağa qoyamısa?unuqma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to be downcast? | olunuqmağa qoyamıdı?unuqma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to be downcast? | bizunuqmağa qoyabızmı?unuqma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to be downcast? | sizunuqmağa qoyamısız?unuqma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to be downcast? | alaunuqmağa qoyamıdıla?unuqma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to be downcast? |
| Let someone… (present) | menunuqmağa qoymaymamı?unuqma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to be downcast? | senunuqmağa qoymaymısa?unuqma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to be downcast? | olunuqmağa qoymaymıdı?unuqma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to be downcast? | bizunuqmağa qoymaybızmı?unuqma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to be downcast? | sizunuqmağa qoymaymısız?unuqma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to be downcast? | alaunuqmağa qoymaymıdıla?unuqma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to be downcast? |
| Let someone… (past) | menunuqmağa qoydumunuqma qoydumI allowed someone to be downcast | senunuqmağa qoyduŋunuqma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to be downcast | olunuqmağa qoyduunuqma qoyduhe allowed someone to be downcast | bizunuqmağa qoyduqunuqma qoyduqwe allowed someone to be downcast | sizunuqmağa qoyduğuzunuqma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to be downcast | alaunuqmağa qoydulaunuqma qoydulathey allowed someone to be downcast |
| Let someone… (past) | menunuqmağa qoymadımunuqma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to be downcast | senunuqmağa qoymadıŋunuqma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to be downcast | olunuqmağa qoymadıunuqma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to be downcast | bizunuqmağa qoymadıqunuqma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to be downcast | sizunuqmağa qoymadığızunuqma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to be downcast | alaunuqmağa qoymadılaunuqma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to be downcast |
| Let someone… (past) | menunuqmağa qoydummu?unuqma qoydummu?did I allow someone to be downcast? | senunuqmağa qoyduŋmu?unuqma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to be downcast? | olunuqmağa qoydumu?unuqma qoydumu?did he allow someone to be downcast? | bizunuqmağa qoyduqmu?unuqma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to be downcast? | sizunuqmağa qoyduğuzmu?unuqma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to be downcast? | alaunuqmağa qoydulamı?unuqma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to be downcast? |
| Let someone… (past) | menunuqmağa qoymadımmı?unuqma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to be downcast? | senunuqmağa qoymadıŋmı?unuqma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to be downcast? | olunuqmağa qoymadımı?unuqma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to be downcast? | bizunuqmağa qoymadıqmı?unuqma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to be downcast? | sizunuqmağa qoymadığızmı?unuqma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to be downcast? | alaunuqmağa qoymadılamı?unuqma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to be downcast? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
unuğalırğa be able to be downcast · unuğalmazğa be unable to be downcast
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menunuğalamaI can be downcast | senunuğalasayou can be downcast | olunuğaladıhe can be downcast | bizunuğalabızwe can be downcast | sizunuğalasızyou all can be downcast | alaunuğaladılathey can be downcast |
| Ability — present | menunuğalmaymaI can't be downcast | senunuğalmaysayou can't be downcast | olunuğalmaydıhe can't be downcast | bizunuğalmaybızwe can't be downcast | sizunuğalmaysızyou all can't be downcast | alaunuğalmaydılathey can't be downcast |
| Ability — present | menunuğalamamı? unuğalamıma?can I be downcast? | senunuğalamısa?can you be downcast? | olunuğalamıdı?can he be downcast? | bizunuğalabızmı? unuğalamıbız?can we be downcast? | sizunuğalamısız?can you all be downcast? | alaunuğalamıdıla?can they be downcast? |
| Ability — present | menunuğalmaymamı? unuğalmaymıma?can't I be downcast? | senunuğalmaymısa?can't you be downcast? | olunuğalmaymıdı?can't he be downcast? | bizunuğalmaybızmı? unuğalmaymıbız?can't we be downcast? | sizunuğalmaymısız?can't you all be downcast? | alaunuğalmaymıdıla?can't they be downcast? |
| Ability — if I can… | menunuğalsamif I can be downcast | senunuğalsaŋif you can be downcast | olunuğalsaif he can be downcast | bizunuğalsaqif we can be downcast | sizunuğalsağızif you all can be downcast | alaunuğalsalaif they can be downcast |
| Ability — if I can… | menunuğalmasamif I can't be downcast | senunuğalmasaŋif you can't be downcast | olunuğalmasaif he can't be downcast | bizunuğalmasaqif we can't be downcast | sizunuğalmasağızif you all can't be downcast | alaunuğalmasalaif they can't be downcast |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menunuğaldımI was able to be downcast | senunuğaldıŋyou were able to be downcast | olunuğaldıhe was able to be downcast | bizunuğaldıqwe were able to be downcast | sizunuğaldığızyou all were able to be downcast | alaunuğaldılathey were able to be downcast |
| Ability — simple past | menunuğalmadımI could not be downcast | senunuğalmadıŋyou could not be downcast | olunuğalmadıhe could not be downcast | bizunuğalmadıqwe could not be downcast | sizunuğalmadığızyou all could not be downcast | alaunuğalmadılathey could not be downcast |
| Ability — simple past | menunuğaldımmı?was I able to be downcast? | senunuğaldıŋmı?were you able to be downcast? | olunuğaldımı?was he able to be downcast? | bizunuğaldıqmı?were we able to be downcast? | sizunuğaldığızmı?were you all able to be downcast? | alaunuğaldılamı?were they able to be downcast? |
| Ability — simple past | menunuğalmadımmı?couldn't I be downcast? | senunuğalmadıŋmı?couldn't you be downcast? | olunuğalmadımı?couldn't he be downcast? | bizunuğalmadıqmı?couldn't we be downcast? | sizunuğalmadığızmı?couldn't you all be downcast? | alaunuğalmadılamı?couldn't they be downcast? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menunuğalğanmaI have been able to be downcast | senunuğalğansayou have been able to be downcast | olunuğalğandıhe has been able to be downcast | bizunuğalğanbızwe have been able to be downcast | sizunuğalğansızyou all have been able to be downcast | alaunuğalğandılathey have been able to be downcast |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menunuğalmağanmaI haven't been able to be downcast | senunuğalmağansayou haven't been able to be downcast | olunuğalmağandıhe hasn't been able to be downcast | bizunuğalmağanbızwe haven't been able to be downcast | sizunuğalmağansızyou all haven't been able to be downcast | alaunuğalmağandılathey haven't been able to be downcast |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menunuğalğanmamı? unuğalğanmıma?have I been able to be downcast? | senunuğalğanmısa?have you been able to be downcast? | olunuğalğanmıdı?has he been able to be downcast? | bizunuğalğanbızmı? unuğalğanmıbız?have we been able to be downcast? | sizunuğalğanmısız?have you all been able to be downcast? | alaunuğalğanmıdıla?have they been able to be downcast? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menunuğalmağanmamı? unuğalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to be downcast? | senunuğalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to be downcast? | olunuğalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to be downcast? | bizunuğalmağanbızmı? unuğalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to be downcast? | sizunuğalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to be downcast? | alaunuğalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to be downcast? |
| Ability — past perfect | menunuğalğan edimunuğalğanemI had been able to be downcast | senunuğalğan ediŋunuğalğaneŋyou had been able to be downcast | olunuğalğan ediunuğalğanedhe had been able to be downcast | bizunuğalğan edikunuğalğanekwe had been able to be downcast | sizunuğalğan edigizunuğalğanegizyou all had been able to be downcast | alaunuğalğan edileunuğalğanellethey had been able to be downcast |
| Ability — past perfect | menunuğalmağan edimunuğalmağanemI hadn't been able to be downcast | senunuğalmağan ediŋunuğalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to be downcast | olunuğalmağan ediunuğalmağanedhe hadn't been able to be downcast | bizunuğalmağan edikunuğalmağanekwe hadn't been able to be downcast | sizunuğalmağan edigizunuğalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to be downcast | alaunuğalmağan edileunuğalmağanellethey hadn't been able to be downcast |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menunuğala edimunuğalaemI could be downcast | senunuğala ediŋunuğalaeŋyou could be downcast | olunuğala ediunuğalaedhe could be downcast | bizunuğala edikunuğalaekwe could be downcast | sizunuğala edigizunuğalaegizyou all could be downcast | alaunuğala edileunuğalaellethey could be downcast |
| Ability — past background | menunuğalmay edimunuğalmayemI could not be downcast | senunuğalmay ediŋunuğalmayeŋyou could not be downcast | olunuğalmay ediunuğalmayedhe could not be downcast | bizunuğalmay edikunuğalmayekwe could not be downcast | sizunuğalmay edigizunuğalmayegizyou all could not be downcast | alaunuğalmay edileunuğalmayellethey could not be downcast |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menunuğalırmaI will be able to be downcast | senunuğalırsayou will be able to be downcast | olunuğalırhe will be able to be downcast | bizunuğalırbızwe will be able to be downcast | sizunuğalırsızyou all will be able to be downcast | alaunuğalırlathey will be able to be downcast |
| Ability — future I | menunuğalmazmaI won't be able to be downcast | senunuğalmazsayou won't be able to be downcast | olunuğalmazhe won't be able to be downcast | bizunuğalmazbızwe won't be able to be downcast | sizunuğalmazsızyou all won't be able to be downcast | alaunuğalmazlathey won't be able to be downcast |
| Ability — future I | menunuğalırmamı? unuğalırmıma?will I be able to be downcast? | senunuğalırmısa?will you be able to be downcast? | olunuğalırmı?will he be able to be downcast? | bizunuğalırbızmı? unuğalırmıbız?will we be able to be downcast? | sizunuğalırmısız?will you all be able to be downcast? | alaunuğalırlamı? unuğalırmıla?will they be able to be downcast? |
| Ability — future I | menunuğalmazmamı? unuğalmazmıma?won't I be able to be downcast? | senunuğalmazmısa?won't you be able to be downcast? | olunuğalmazmı?won't he be able to be downcast? | bizunuğalmazbızmı? unuğalmazmıbız?won't we be able to be downcast? | sizunuğalmazmısız?won't you all be able to be downcast? | alaunuğalmazlamı? unuğalmazmıla?won't they be able to be downcast? |
| Ability — future II | menunuğallıqmaI am going to be able to be downcast | senunuğallıqsayou are going to be able to be downcast | olunuğallıqdıhe is going to be able to be downcast | bizunuğallıqbızwe are going to be able to be downcast | sizunuğallıqsızyou all are going to be able to be downcast | alaunuğallıqdılathey are going to be able to be downcast |
| Ability — future II | menunuğallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to be downcast | senunuğallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to be downcast | olunuğallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to be downcast | bizunuğallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to be downcast | sizunuğallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to be downcast | alaunuğallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to be downcast |
| Ability — future II | menunuğallıqmamı? unuğallıqmıma?am I going to be able to be downcast? | senunuğallıqmısa?are you going to be able to be downcast? | olunuğallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to be downcast? | bizunuğallıqbızmı? unuğallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to be downcast? | sizunuğallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to be downcast? | alaunuğallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to be downcast? |
| Ability — future II | menunuğallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to be downcast? | senunuğallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to be downcast? | olunuğallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to be downcast? | bizunuğallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to be downcast? | sizunuğallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to be downcast? | alaunuğallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to be downcast? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menunuğalır edimunuğalır emI would be able to be downcast | senunuğalır ediŋunuğalır eŋyou would be able to be downcast | olunuğalır ediunuğalır edhe would be able to be downcast | bizunuğalır edikunuğalır ekwe would be able to be downcast | sizunuğalır edigizunuğalır egizyou all would be able to be downcast | alaunuğalır edileunuğalır ellethey would be able to be downcast |
| Ability — would be able to… | menunuğalmaz edimunuğalmaz emI wouldn't be able to be downcast | senunuğalmaz ediŋunuğalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to be downcast | olunuğalmaz ediunuğalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to be downcast | bizunuğalmaz edikunuğalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to be downcast | sizunuğalmaz edigizunuğalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to be downcast | alaunuğalmaz edileunuğalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to be downcast |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senunuğalğınunuğalğımay you be able to be downcast | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senunuğalmağınunuğalmağımay you not be able to be downcast | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menunuğurğa izleymeI want to be downcast | senunuğurğa izleyseyou want to be downcast | olunuğurğa izleydihe wants to be downcast | bizunuğurğa izleybizwe want to be downcast | sizunuğurğa izleysizyou all want to be downcast | alaunuğurğa izleydilethey want to be downcast |
| want to | menunuğurğa izlemeymeI do not want to be downcast | senunuğurğa izlemeyseyou do not want to be downcast | olunuğurğa izlemeydihe does not want to be downcast | bizunuğurğa izlemeybizwe do not want to be downcast | sizunuğurğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to be downcast | alaunuğurğa izlemeydilethey do not want to be downcast |
| would like to | menunuğurğa süemeI would like to be downcast | senunuğurğa süeseyou would like to be downcast | olunuğurğa süedihe would like to be downcast | bizunuğurğa süebizwe would like to be downcast | sizunuğurğa süesizyou all would like to be downcast | alaunuğurğa süedilethey would like to be downcast |
| would like to | menunuğurğa süymeymeI would not like to be downcast | senunuğurğa süymeyseyou would not like to be downcast | olunuğurğa süymeydihe would not like to be downcast | bizunuğurğa süymeybizwe would not like to be downcast | sizunuğurğa süymeysizyou all would not like to be downcast | alaunuğurğa süymeydilethey would not like to be downcast |
| hope to | menunuğurğa umutlanamaI hope to be downcast | senunuğurğa umutlanasayou hope to be downcast | olunuğurğa umutlanadıhe hopes to be downcast | bizunuğurğa umutlanabızwe hope to be downcast | sizunuğurğa umutlanasızyou all hope to be downcast | alaunuğurğa umutlanadılathey hope to be downcast |
| hope to | menunuğurğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to be downcast | senunuğurğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to be downcast | olunuğurğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to be downcast | bizunuğurğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to be downcast | sizunuğurğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to be downcast | alaunuğurğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to be downcast |
| be about to | menunuğurğa deb turamaI am about to be downcast | senunuğurğa deb turasayou are about to be downcast | olunuğurğa deb turadıhe is about to be downcast | bizunuğurğa deb turabızwe are about to be downcast | sizunuğurğa deb turasızyou all are about to be downcast | alaunuğurğa deb turadılathey are about to be downcast |
| be about to | menunuğurğa deb turmaymaI am not about to be downcast | senunuğurğa deb turmaysayou are not about to be downcast | olunuğurğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to be downcast | bizunuğurğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to be downcast | sizunuğurğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to be downcast | alaunuğurğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to be downcast |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menunuğurğa kerekmeI need to be downcast | senunuğurğa kerekseyou need to be downcast | olunuğurğa kerekdihe needs to be downcast | bizunuğurğa kerekbizwe need to be downcast | sizunuğurğa kereksizyou all need to be downcast | alaunuğurğa kerekdilethey need to be downcast |
| need to | menunuğurğa kerek tülmeI do not need to be downcast | senunuğurğa kerek tülseyou do not need to be downcast | olunuğurğa kerek tüldühe does not need to be downcast | bizunuğurğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to be downcast | sizunuğurğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to be downcast | alaunuğurğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to be downcast |
| have to | menmenŋe unuğurğa tüşediI have to be downcast | sensenŋe unuğurğa tüşediyou have to be downcast | olaŋa unuğurğa tüşedihe has to be downcast | bizbizge unuğurğa tüşediwe have to be downcast | sizsizge unuğurğa tüşediyou all have to be downcast | alaalağa unuğurğa tüşedithey have to be downcast |
| have to | menmenŋe unuğurğa tüşmeydiI do not have to be downcast | sensenŋe unuğurğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to be downcast | olaŋa unuğurğa tüşmeydihe does not have to be downcast | bizbizge unuğurğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to be downcast | sizsizge unuğurğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to be downcast | alaalağa unuğurğa tüşmeydithey do not have to be downcast |
| be obliged to | menunuğurğa borçlumaI am obliged to be downcast | senunuğurğa borçlusayou are obliged to be downcast | olunuğurğa borçluduhe is obliged to be downcast | bizunuğurğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to be downcast | sizunuğurğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to be downcast | alaunuğurğa borçludulathey are obliged to be downcast |
| be obliged to | menunuğurğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to be downcast | senunuğurğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to be downcast | olunuğurğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to be downcast | bizunuğurğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to be downcast | sizunuğurğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to be downcast | alaunuğurğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to be downcast |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menunuğurğa madarım bardıI have a way to be downcast | senunuğurğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to be downcast | olunuğurğa madarı bardıhe has a way to be downcast | bizunuğurğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to be downcast | sizunuğurğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to be downcast | alaunuğurğa madarları bardıthey have a way to be downcast |
| have a way to | menunuğurğa madarım joqduI have no way to be downcast | senunuğurğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to be downcast | olunuğurğa madarı joqduhe has no way to be downcast | bizunuğurğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to be downcast | sizunuğurğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to be downcast | alaunuğurğa madarları joqduthey have no way to be downcast |
| be free to | menunuğurğa erkinligim bardıI am free to be downcast | senunuğurğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to be downcast | olunuğurğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to be downcast | bizunuğurğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to be downcast | sizunuğurğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to be downcast | alaunuğurğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to be downcast |
| be free to | menunuğurğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to be downcast | senunuğurğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to be downcast | olunuğurğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to be downcast | bizunuğurğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to be downcast | sizunuğurğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to be downcast | alaunuğurğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to be downcast |
| be possible to | menmenŋe unuğurğa bolluqduit is possible for me to be downcast | sensenŋe unuğurğa bolluqduit is possible for you to be downcast | olaŋa unuğurğa bolluqduit is possible for him to be downcast | bizbizge unuğurğa bolluqduit is possible for us to be downcast | sizsizge unuğurğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to be downcast | alaalağa unuğurğa bolluqduit is possible for them to be downcast |
| be possible to | menmenŋe unuğurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to be downcast | sensenŋe unuğurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to be downcast | olaŋa unuğurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to be downcast | bizbizge unuğurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to be downcast | sizsizge unuğurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to be downcast | alaalağa unuğurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to be downcast |
| be ready to | menunuğurğa hazırmaI am ready to be downcast | senunuğurğa hazırsayou are ready to be downcast | olunuğurğa hazırdıhe is ready to be downcast | bizunuğurğa hazırbızwe are ready to be downcast | sizunuğurğa hazırsızyou all are ready to be downcast | alaunuğurğa hazırdılathey are ready to be downcast |
| be ready to | menunuğurğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to be downcast | senunuğurğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to be downcast | olunuğurğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to be downcast | bizunuğurğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to be downcast | sizunuğurğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to be downcast | alaunuğurğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to be downcast |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menunuğurğa küreşemeI am trying to be downcast | senunuğurğa küreşeseyou are trying to be downcast | olunuğurğa küreşedihe is trying to be downcast | bizunuğurğa küreşebizwe are trying to be downcast | sizunuğurğa küreşesizyou all are trying to be downcast | alaunuğurğa küreşedilethey are trying to be downcast |
| try to | menunuğurğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to be downcast | senunuğurğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to be downcast | olunuğurğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to be downcast | bizunuğurğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to be downcast | sizunuğurğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to be downcast | alaunuğurğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to be downcast |
| agree to | menunuğurğa unaymaI agree to be downcast | senunuğurğa unaysayou agree to be downcast | olunuğurğa unaydıhe agrees to be downcast | bizunuğurğa unaybızwe agree to be downcast | sizunuğurğa unaysızyou all agree to be downcast | alaunuğurğa unaydılathey agree to be downcast |
| agree to | menunuğurğa unamaymaI refuse to be downcast | senunuğurğa unamaysayou refuse to be downcast | olunuğurğa unamaydıhe refuses to be downcast | bizunuğurğa unamaybızwe refuse to be downcast | sizunuğurğa unamaysızyou all refuse to be downcast | alaunuğurğa unamaydılathey refuse to be downcast |
| hurry to | menunuğurğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to be downcast | senunuğurğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to be downcast | olunuğurğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to be downcast | bizunuğurğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to be downcast | sizunuğurğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to be downcast | alaunuğurğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to be downcast |
| hurry to | menunuğurğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to be downcast | senunuğurğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to be downcast | olunuğurğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to be downcast | bizunuğurğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to be downcast | sizunuğurğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to be downcast | alaunuğurğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to be downcast |
| be afraid to | menunuğurğa qorqamaI am afraid to be downcast | senunuğurğa qorqasayou are afraid to be downcast | olunuğurğa qorqadıhe is afraid to be downcast | bizunuğurğa qorqabızwe are afraid to be downcast | sizunuğurğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to be downcast | alaunuğurğa qorqadılathey are afraid to be downcast |
| be afraid to | menunuğurğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to be downcast | senunuğurğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to be downcast | olunuğurğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to be downcast | bizunuğurğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to be downcast | sizunuğurğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to be downcast | alaunuğurğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to be downcast |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menunuğa bolmazmaI can't be being downcast | senunuğa bolmazsayou can't be being downcast | olunuğa bolmazhe can't be being downcast | bizunuğa bolmazbızwe can't be being downcast | sizunuğa bolmazsızyou all can't be being downcast | alaunuğa bolmazlathey can't be being downcast |
| Inference, present — double negation | menunuqmay bolmazmaI must be being downcast (emphatic) | senunuqmay bolmazsayou must be being downcast (emphatic) | olunuqmay bolmazhe must be being downcast (emphatic) | bizunuqmay bolmazbızwe must be being downcast (emphatic) | sizunuqmay bolmazsızyou all must be being downcast (emphatic) | alaunuqmay bolmazlathey must be being downcast (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menunuğa turmasamif I don't keep being downcast | senunuğa turmasaŋif you don't keep being downcast | olunuğa turmasaif he doesn't keep being downcast | bizunuğa turmasaqif we don't keep being downcast | sizunuğa turmasağızif you all don't keep being downcast | alaunuğa turmasalaif they don't keep being downcast |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menunuğa tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of being downcast | senunuğa tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of being downcast | olunuğa tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of being downcast | bizunuğa tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of being downcast | sizunuğa tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of being downcast | alaunuğa tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of being downcast |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menunuqmay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not being downcast (emphatic) | senunuqmay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not being downcast (emphatic) | olunuqmay tura bolmazhe must keep on not being downcast (emphatic) | bizunuqmay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not being downcast (emphatic) | sizunuqmay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not being downcast (emphatic) | alaunuqmay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not being downcast (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menunuqmay turamaI keep on not being downcast | senunuqmay turasayou keep on not being downcast | olunuqmay turadıhe keeps on not being downcast | bizunuqmay turabızwe keep on not being downcast | sizunuqmay turasızyou all keep on not being downcast | alaunuqmay turadılathey keep on not being downcast |
| Progressive — double negation | menunuqmay turmaymaI am not keeping on not being downcast | senunuqmay turmaysayou are not keeping on not being downcast | olunuqmay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not being downcast | bizunuqmay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not being downcast | sizunuqmay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not being downcast | alaunuqmay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not being downcast |
| Progressive — double negation | menunuqmay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not being downcast? | senunuqmay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not being downcast? | olunuqmay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not being downcast? | bizunuqmay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not being downcast? | sizunuqmay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not being downcast? | alaunuqmay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not being downcast? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menunuqğan bolmazmaI can't have been downcast | senunuqğan bolmazsayou can't have been downcast | olunuqğan bolmazhe can't have been downcast | bizunuqğan bolmazbızwe can't have been downcast | sizunuqğan bolmazsızyou all can't have been downcast | alaunuqğan bolmazlathey can't have been downcast |
| Inference — double negation | menunuqmağan bolmazmaI must have been downcast (emphatic) | senunuqmağan bolmazsayou must have been downcast (emphatic) | olunuqmağan bolmazhe must have been downcast (emphatic) | bizunuqmağan bolmazbızwe must have been downcast (emphatic) | sizunuqmağan bolmazsızyou all must have been downcast (emphatic) | alaunuqmağan bolmazlathey must have been downcast (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menunuqğan bolmasamif it weren't that I had been downcast | senunuqğan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had been downcast | olunuqğan bolmasaif it weren't that he had been downcast | bizunuqğan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had been downcast | sizunuqğan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had been downcast | alaunuqğan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had been downcast |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menunuqmağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't been downcast | senunuqmağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't been downcast | olunuqmağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't been downcast | bizunuqmağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't been downcast | sizunuqmağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't been downcast | alaunuqmağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't been downcast |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menunuğuruq bolmazmaI can't be going to be downcast | senunuğuruq bolmazsayou can't be going to be downcast | olunuğuruq bolmazhe can't be going to be downcast | bizunuğuruq bolmazbızwe can't be going to be downcast | sizunuğuruq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to be downcast | alaunuğuruq bolmazlathey can't be going to be downcast |
| Inference, future — double negation | menunuqmazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to be downcast (emphatic) | senunuqmazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to be downcast (emphatic) | olunuqmazlıq bolmazhe must be going to be downcast (emphatic) | bizunuqmazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to be downcast (emphatic) | sizunuqmazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to be downcast (emphatic) | alaunuqmazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to be downcast (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menunuğuruq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to be downcast | senunuğuruq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to be downcast | olunuğuruq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to be downcast | bizunuğuruq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to be downcast | sizunuğuruq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to be downcast | alaunuğuruq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to be downcast |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menunuqmazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to be downcast | senunuqmazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to be downcast | olunuqmazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to be downcast | bizunuqmazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to be downcast | sizunuqmazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to be downcast | alaunuqmazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to be downcast |