unuqğan
/unuqʁan/
past participle of unuğurğa →
1. downtrodden, broken in spirit, cowed, dispirited
- unuqğan adam — a person broken in spirit
- qıyınlıqdan unuqğan — cowed by misfortune
- artıqlıqdan unuqğan — crushed by injustice
- unuqğan halğa kirib turadı — is in a dispirited state
2. oppressed, exploited, held down by another power
- unuqğan halqla — oppressed peoples
- kapitalnı tübünde unuqğan qralla — countries oppressed under capital
- unuqğan halqnı azatla — free the oppressed people
- zorluqdan unuqğan halqla — peoples brought low by force
Saying it about someone
| Degree | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | unuqğanmaI am downtrodden | unuqğansayou are downtrodden | unuqğandıhe is downtrodden | unuqğanbızwe are downtrodden | unuqğansızyou all are downtrodden | unuqğandılathey are downtrodden |
To compare two things, put the loser in the from-form: ol menden unuqğandı — "compared to me, he is downtrodden."
Saying it about mine, yours, theirs
One thing
| Degree | menikimine | senikiyours | anıqıhis / hers | biznikiours | siznikiyours (pl.) | alanıqıtheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | meniki unuqğandımine is downtrodden | seniki unuqğandıyours is downtrodden | anıqı unuqğandıhis is downtrodden | bizniki unuqğandıours is downtrodden | sizniki unuqğandıyours (pl.) is downtrodden | alanıqı unuqğandıtheirs is downtrodden |
Several things
| Degree | menikilemine | senikileyours | anıqılahis / hers | biznikileours | siznikileyours (pl.) | alanıqılatheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | menikile unuqğandılamine are downtrodden | senikile unuqğandılayours are downtrodden | anıqıla unuqğandılahis are downtrodden | biznikile unuqğandılaours are downtrodden | siznikile unuqğandılayours (pl.) are downtrodden | alanıqıla unuqğandılatheirs are downtrodden |
Any thing takes the third-person ending, not only these: bu unuqğandı, bıla unuqğandıla. In texts biznikile is usually kesibiznikile, "our own people", and a surname with -nıqıla names a family: Dudalanıqıla, "the Dudas".
Which reading? Look at what follows.
| unuqğan + noun | the one who is downcast (the noun is the doer) |
|---|---|
| unuqğanı, nothing after | someone's being downcast |
| unuqğanı under bilirge, körürge | that someone is downcast |
With an owner
| my | unuqğanımmy having been downcast |
|---|---|
| your | unuqğanıŋyour having been downcast |
| his / her | unuqğanıhis / her having been downcast |
| our | unuqğanıbızour having been downcast |
| you all's | unuqğanığızyou all's having been downcast |
| their | unuqğanlarıtheir having been downcast |
Cases with an owner
The endings on unuqğanı, the form with a third-person owner. Every other owner takes the same six.
| nominative | unuqğanıhis / her having been downcast |
|---|---|
| genitive | unuqğanınıhis / her having been downcast's |
| accusative | unuqğanınhis / her having been downcast |
| dative | unuqğanınato his / her having been downcast |
| locative | unuqğanındawhen he / she was downcast |
| ablative | unuqğanındanafter he / she was downcast |
Negative
| the negative | unuqmağanthe one that was not downcast |
|---|---|
| his / her | unuqmağanıhis / her not having been downcast |