unuqğan
/unuqʁan/
past participle of unuğurğa →
1. downtrodden, broken in spirit, cowed, dispirited
- unuqğan adam — a man broken in spirit
- qıyınlıqdan unuqğan — cowed by misfortune
- artıqlıqdan unuqğan — brought low by injustice
2. oppressed, held down by another power
- unuqğan halqla — oppressed peoples
- zorluqdan unuqğan halqla — peoples brought low by force
- baylağa unuqğan jarlıla — the poor held down by the rich
Saying it about someone
| Degree | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base formam/is/are downtrodden | menunuqğanma | senunuqğansa | olunuqğandı | bizunuqğanbız | sizunuqğansız | alaunuqğandıla |
To compare two things, put the loser in the from-form: ol menden unuqğandı — "compared to me, he is downtrodden."
Saying it about mine, yours, theirs
One thing
| Degree | menikimine | senikiyours | anıqıhis / hers | biznikiours | siznikiyours (pl.) | alanıqıtheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base formis / are downtrodden | menikimeniki unuqğandı | senikiseniki unuqğandı | anıqıanıqı unuqğandı | biznikibizniki unuqğandı | siznikisizniki unuqğandı | alanıqıalanıqı unuqğandı |
Several things
| Degree | menikilemine | senikileyours | anıqılahis / hers | biznikileours | siznikileyours (pl.) | alanıqılatheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base formis / are downtrodden | menikilemenikile unuqğandıla | senikilesenikile unuqğandıla | anıqılaanıqıla unuqğandıla | biznikilebiznikile unuqğandıla | siznikilesiznikile unuqğandıla | alanıqılaalanıqıla unuqğandıla |
Any thing takes the third-person ending, not only these: bu unuqğandı, bıla unuqğandıla. In texts biznikile is usually kesibiznikile, "our own people", and a surname with -nıqıla names a family: Dudalanıqıla, "the Dudas".
Which reading? Look at what follows.
| unuqğan + noun | the one who is downcast (the noun is the doer) |
|---|---|
| unuqğanı, nothing after | someone's being downcast |
| unuqğanı under bilirge, körürge | that someone is downcast |
With an owner
| my | unuqğanımmy having been downcast |
|---|---|
| your | unuqğanıngyour having been downcast |
| his / her | unuqğanıhis / her having been downcast |
| our | unuqğanıbızour having been downcast |
| you all's | unuqğanığızyou all's having been downcast |
| their | unuqğanlarıtheir having been downcast |
Cases with an owner
The endings on unuqğanı, the form with a third-person owner. Every other owner takes the same six.
| nominative | unuqğanıhis / her having been downcast |
|---|---|
| genitive | unuqğanınıhis / her having been downcast's |
| accusative | unuqğanınhis / her having been downcast |
| dative | unuqğanınato his / her having been downcast |
| locative | unuqğanındawhen he / she was downcast |
| ablative | unuqğanındanafter he / she was downcast |
Negative
| the negative | unuğmağanthe one that was not downcast |
|---|---|
| his / her | unuğmağanıhis / her not having been downcast |