sermerge
/sermerɡe/
1. grab, seize, catch hold of
- kiştik çıçhannı sermedi — the cat seized the mouse
- it anı ayağından sermedi — the dog seized him by the leg
- duşman qılıçın sermedi — the enemy grabbed his sword
- sermeb boynundan buwarğa — to seize by the neck and throttle
- sermeb awuzuŋa qabarğa — to grab it and put it in your mouth
2. snatch away, wrest from, take by force
- sermeb alırğa — to snatch it away
- kitabnı meni qolumdan sermeb aldı — snatched the book out of my hands
- kitabnı qolundan sermeb alırğa — to snatch the book out of his hands
- quş tawuqnu sermeb ketdi — the hawk snatched the hen away
- sermeb qaçdı — he snatched it and ran off
3. swing, brandish, wave (an arm, a scythe, a weapon)
- bir sermegenley — at one sweep
- çalqı bla sermerge — to swing a scythe
4. strike, hit, lash out at — Usually with an instrument in bla, as in tayaq bla sermerge 'hit with a stick'.
- tayaq bla sermerge — to strike with a stick
- qulaq janına sermerge — to strike him about the ear
- qama bla sermerge — to strike with a dagger
- qoŋur ögüznü sermerge küreşedi — he tries to hit the brown ox
- atha qamçi bla sermedi — he struck the horse with the whip
5. eat one's fill, eat heartily — The food is in the ablative, as in etden serme 'eat your fill of meat'.
- etden serme — eat your fill of meat
- aşdan igi sermedile — they ate their fill of the food
- hıçinleni sermedile — they put away the khychins
- etden igi sermerge — to eat one's fill of meat
- tahta kögetleden sermedik — we ate our fill of the vegetables
6. taunt, make a cutting remark
- söz bla sermedi — he taunted him with a word
- teŋin sermeb qoydu — he got in a cutting remark at his friend
- awuzuŋ bla sermerge — to make a cutting remark
Expressions
- oğartın sermerge — put on airs
- kökden kesew sermegen — brave and daring
- tobuqdan sermerge — do effortlessly
Conjugation
Common forms
- sermeydihe is grabbing
- sermedihe grabbed
- sermegendihe has grabbed
- sermerhe will grab
- sermerikdihe is going to grab
- sermey edihe was grabbing
- sermeseif he grabs
- serme!grab!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | mensermeymeI am grabbing | sensermeyseyou are grabbing | olsermeydihe is grabbing | bizsermeybizwe are grabbing | sizsermeysizyou all are grabbing | alasermeydilethey are grabbing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mensermemeymeI am not grabbing | sensermemeyseyou are not grabbing | olsermemeydihe is not grabbing | bizsermemeybizwe are not grabbing | sizsermemeysizyou all are not grabbing | alasermemeydilethey are not grabbing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mensermeymemi? sermeymime?am I grabbing? | sensermeymise?are you grabbing? | olsermeymidi?is he grabbing? | bizsermeybizmi? sermeymibiz?are we grabbing? | sizsermeymisiz?are you all grabbing? | alasermeymidile?are they grabbing? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mensermemeymemi? sermemeymime?aren't I grabbing? | sensermemeymise?aren't you grabbing? | olsermemeymidi?isn't he grabbing? | bizsermemeybizmi? sermemeymibiz?aren't we grabbing? | sizsermemeymisiz?aren't you all grabbing? | alasermemeymidile?aren't they grabbing? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mensermewçenmeI usually grab | sensermewçenseyou usually grab | olsermewçendihe usually grabs | bizsermewçenbizwe usually grab | sizsermewçensizyou all usually grab | alasermewçendilethey usually grab |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mensermemewçenmeI usually don't grab | sensermemewçenseyou usually don't grab | olsermemewçendihe usually doesn't grab | bizsermemewçenbizwe usually don't grab | sizsermemewçensizyou all usually don't grab | alasermemewçendilethey usually don't grab |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mensermewçenmemi? sermewçenmime?do I usually grab? | sensermewçenmise?do you usually grab? | olsermewçenmidi?does he usually grab? | bizsermewçenbizmi? sermewçenmibiz?do we usually grab? | sizsermewçenmisiz?do you all usually grab? | alasermewçenmidile?do they usually grab? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mensermemewçenmemi? sermemewçenmime?do I usually not grab? | sensermemewçenmise?do you usually not grab? | olsermemewçenmidi?does he usually not grab? | bizsermemewçenbizmi? sermemewçenmibiz?do we usually not grab? | sizsermemewçenmisiz?do you all usually not grab? | alasermemewçenmidile?do they usually not grab? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olsermebdihe has grabbed and remains so | alasermebdilethey have grabbed and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olsermebmidi?has he grabbed? | alasermebmidile?have they grabbed? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | mensermeb turamaI keep grabbing | sensermeb turasayou keep grabbing | olsermeb turadıhe keeps grabbing | bizsermeb turabızwe keep grabbing | sizsermeb turasızyou all keep grabbing | alasermeb turadılathey keep grabbing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mensermeb turmaymaI don't keep grabbing | sensermeb turmaysayou don't keep grabbing | olsermeb turmaydıhe doesn't keep grabbing | bizsermeb turmaybızwe don't keep grabbing | sizsermeb turmaysızyou all don't keep grabbing | alasermeb turmaydılathey don't keep grabbing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mensermeb turamamı? sermeb turamıma?do I keep grabbing? | sensermeb turamısa?do you keep grabbing? | olsermeb turamıdı?does he keep grabbing? | bizsermeb turabızmı? sermeb turamıbız?do we keep grabbing? | sizsermeb turamısız?do you all keep grabbing? | alasermeb turamıdıla?do they keep grabbing? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mensermeb turmaymamı? sermeb turmaymıma?don't I keep grabbing? | sensermeb turmaymısa?don't you keep grabbing? | olsermeb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep grabbing? | bizsermeb turmaybızmı? sermeb turmaymıbız?don't we keep grabbing? | sizsermeb turmaymısız?don't you all keep grabbing? | alasermeb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep grabbing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mensermey turamaI am in the middle of grabbing | sensermey turasayou are in the middle of grabbing | olsermey turadıhe is in the middle of grabbing | bizsermey turabızwe are in the middle of grabbing | sizsermey turasızyou all are in the middle of grabbing | alasermey turadılathey are in the middle of grabbing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mensermey turmaymaI am not in the middle of grabbing | sensermey turmaysayou are not in the middle of grabbing | olsermey turmaydıhe is not in the middle of grabbing | bizsermey turmaybızwe are not in the middle of grabbing | sizsermey turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of grabbing | alasermey turmaydılathey are not in the middle of grabbing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mensermey turamamı? sermey turamıma?am I in the middle of grabbing? | sensermey turamısa?are you in the middle of grabbing? | olsermey turamıdı?is he in the middle of grabbing? | bizsermey turabızmı? sermey turamıbız?are we in the middle of grabbing? | sizsermey turamısız?are you all in the middle of grabbing? | alasermey turamıdıla?are they in the middle of grabbing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mensermey turmaymamı? sermey turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of grabbing? | sensermey turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of grabbing? | olsermey turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of grabbing? | bizsermey turmaybızmı? sermey turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of grabbing? | sizsermey turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of grabbing? | alasermey turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of grabbing? |
| Simple past (definite) | mensermedimI grabbed | sensermediŋyou grabbed | olsermedihe grabbed | bizsermedikwe grabbed | sizsermedigizyou all grabbed | alasermedilethey grabbed |
| Simple past (definite) | mensermemedimI didn't grab | sensermemediŋyou didn't grab | olsermemedihe didn't grab | bizsermemedikwe didn't grab | sizsermemedigizyou all didn't grab | alasermemedilethey didn't grab |
| Simple past (definite) | mensermedimmi?did I grab? | sensermediŋmi?did you grab? | olsermedimi?did he grab? | bizsermedikmi?did we grab? | sizsermedigizmi?did you all grab? | alasermedilemi?did they grab? |
| Simple past (definite) | mensermemedimmi?didn't I grab? | sensermemediŋmi?didn't you grab? | olsermemedimi?didn't he grab? | bizsermemedikmi?didn't we grab? | sizsermemedigizmi?didn't you all grab? | alasermemedilemi?didn't they grab? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mensermegenmeI have grabbed | sensermegenseyou have grabbed | olsermegendihe has grabbed | bizsermegenbizwe have grabbed | sizsermegensizyou all have grabbed | alasermegendilethey have grabbed |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mensermemegenmeI haven't grabbed | sensermemegenseyou haven't grabbed | olsermemegendihe hasn't grabbed | bizsermemegenbizwe haven't grabbed | sizsermemegensizyou all haven't grabbed | alasermemegendilethey haven't grabbed |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mensermegenmemi? sermegenmime?have I grabbed? | sensermegenmise?have you grabbed? | olsermegenmidi?has he grabbed? | bizsermegenbizmi? sermegenmibiz?have we grabbed? | sizsermegenmisiz?have you all grabbed? | alasermegenmidile?have they grabbed? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mensermemegenmemi? sermemegenmime?haven't I grabbed? | sensermemegenmise?haven't you grabbed? | olsermemegenmidi?hasn't he grabbed? | bizsermemegenbizmi? sermemegenmibiz?haven't we grabbed? | sizsermemegenmisiz?haven't you all grabbed? | alasermemegenmidile?haven't they grabbed? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mensermeb turdumI kept grabbing | sensermeb turduŋyou kept grabbing | olsermeb turduhe kept grabbing | bizsermeb turduqwe kept grabbing | sizsermeb turduğuzyou all kept grabbing | alasermeb turdulathey kept grabbing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mensermeb turmadımI didn't keep grabbing | sensermeb turmadıŋyou didn't keep grabbing | olsermeb turmadıhe didn't keep grabbing | bizsermeb turmadıqwe didn't keep grabbing | sizsermeb turmadığızyou all didn't keep grabbing | alasermeb turmadılathey didn't keep grabbing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | mensermermeI will grab | sensermerseyou will grab | olsermerhe will grab | bizsermerbizwe will grab | sizsermersizyou all will grab | alasermerlethey will grab |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mensermemezmeI won't grab | sensermemezseyou won't grab | olsermemezhe won't grab | bizsermemezbizwe won't grab | sizsermemezsizyou all won't grab | alasermemezlethey won't grab |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mensermermemi? sermermime?will I grab? | sensermermise?will you grab? | olsermermi?will he grab? | bizsermerbizmi? sermermibiz?will we grab? | sizsermermisiz?will you all grab? | alasermerlemi? sermermile?will they grab? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mensermemezmemi? sermemezmime?won't I grab? | sensermemezmise?won't you grab? | olsermemezmi?won't he grab? | bizsermemezbizmi? sermemezmibiz?won't we grab? | sizsermemezmisiz?won't you all grab? | alasermemezlemi? sermemezmile?won't they grab? |
| Definite future (future II) | mensermerikmeI am going to grab | sensermerikseyou are going to grab | olsermerikdihe is going to grab | bizsermerikbizwe are going to grab | sizsermeriksizyou all are going to grab | alasermerikdilethey are going to grab |
| Definite future (future II) | mensermerik tülmeI am not going to grab | sensermerik tülseyou are not going to grab | olsermerik tüldühe is not going to grab | bizsermerik tülbüzwe are not going to grab | sizsermerik tülsüzyou all are not going to grab | alasermerik tüldülethey are not going to grab |
| Definite future (future II) | mensermerikmemi? sermerikmime?am I going to grab? | sensermerikmise?are you going to grab? | olsermerikmidi?is he going to grab? | bizsermerikbizmi? sermerikmibiz?are we going to grab? | sizsermerikmisiz?are you all going to grab? | alasermerikmidile?are they going to grab? |
| Definite future (future II) | mensermerik tülmüme?aren't I going to grab? | sensermerik tülmüse?aren't you going to grab? | olsermerik tülmüdü?isn't he going to grab? | bizsermerik tülmübüz?aren't we going to grab? | sizsermerik tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to grab? | alasermerik tülmüdüle?aren't they going to grab? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mensermegen edimsermegenemI had grabbed | sensermegen ediŋsermegeneŋyou had grabbed | olsermegen edisermegenedhe had grabbed | bizsermegen ediksermegenekwe had grabbed | sizsermegen edigizsermegenegizyou all had grabbed | alasermegen edilesermegenellethey had grabbed |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mensermemegen edimsermemegenemI hadn't grabbed | sensermemegen ediŋsermemegeneŋyou hadn't grabbed | olsermemegen edisermemegenedhe hadn't grabbed | bizsermemegen ediksermemegenekwe hadn't grabbed | sizsermemegen edigizsermemegenegizyou all hadn't grabbed | alasermemegen edilesermemegenellethey hadn't grabbed |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mensermey edimsermeyemI was grabbing | sensermey ediŋsermeyeŋyou were grabbing | olsermey edisermeyedhe was grabbing | bizsermey ediksermeyekwe were grabbing | sizsermey edigizsermeyegizyou all were grabbing | alasermey edilesermeyellethey were grabbing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mensermemey edimsermemeyemI wasn't grabbing | sensermemey ediŋsermemeyeŋyou weren't grabbing | olsermemey edisermemeyedhe wasn't grabbing | bizsermemey ediksermemeyekwe weren't grabbing | sizsermemey edigizsermemeyegizyou all weren't grabbing | alasermemey edilesermemeyellethey weren't grabbing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | mensermewçen edimsermewçenemI used to grab | sensermewçen ediŋsermewçeneŋyou used to grab | olsermewçen edisermewçenedhe used to grab | bizsermewçen ediksermewçenekwe used to grab | sizsermewçen edigizsermewçenegizyou all used to grab | alasermewçen edilesermewçenellethey used to grab |
| Habitual past (used to) | mensermemewçen edimsermemewçenemI didn't use to grab | sensermemewçen ediŋsermemewçeneŋyou didn't use to grab | olsermemewçen edisermemewçenedhe didn't use to grab | bizsermemewçen ediksermemewçenekwe didn't use to grab | sizsermemewçen edigizsermemewçenegizyou all didn't use to grab | alasermemewçen edilesermemewçenellethey didn't use to grab |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olsermeb edihe had grabbed and remained so | alasermeb edilethey had grabbed and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olsermeb tül edihe hadn't grabbed | alasermeb tül edilethey hadn't grabbed | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mensermeb tura edimsermeb turaemI had kept grabbing | sensermeb tura ediŋsermeb turaeŋyou had kept grabbing | olsermeb tura edisermeb turaedhe had kept grabbing | bizsermeb tura ediksermeb turaekwe had kept grabbing | sizsermeb tura edigizsermeb turaegizyou all had kept grabbing | alasermeb tura edilesermeb turaellethey had kept grabbing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mensermeb turmay edimsermeb turmayemI hadn't kept grabbing | sensermeb turmay ediŋsermeb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept grabbing | olsermeb turmay edisermeb turmayedhe hadn't kept grabbing | bizsermeb turmay ediksermeb turmayekwe hadn't kept grabbing | sizsermeb turmay edigizsermeb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept grabbing | alasermeb turmay edilesermeb turmayellethey hadn't kept grabbing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mensermey tura edimsermey turaemI was in the middle of grabbing | sensermey tura ediŋsermey turaeŋyou were in the middle of grabbing | olsermey tura edisermey turaedhe was in the middle of grabbing | bizsermey tura ediksermey turaekwe were in the middle of grabbing | sizsermey tura edigizsermey turaegizyou all were in the middle of grabbing | alasermey tura edilesermey turaellethey were in the middle of grabbing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mensermey turmay edimsermey turmayemI wasn't in the middle of grabbing | sensermey turmay ediŋsermey turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of grabbing | olsermey turmay edisermey turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of grabbing | bizsermey turmay ediksermey turmayekwe weren't in the middle of grabbing | sizsermey turmay edigizsermey turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of grabbing | alasermey turmay edilesermey turmayellethey weren't in the middle of grabbing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | mensermer edimsermer emI would grab | sensermer ediŋsermer eŋyou would grab | olsermer edisermer edhe would grab | bizsermer ediksermer ekwe would grab | sizsermer edigizsermer egizyou all would grab | alasermer edilesermer ellethey would grab |
| Conditional result (would) | mensermemez edimsermemez emI wouldn't grab | sensermemez ediŋsermemez eŋyou wouldn't grab | olsermemez edisermemez edhe wouldn't grab | bizsermemez ediksermemez ekwe wouldn't grab | sizsermemez edigizsermemez egizyou all wouldn't grab | alasermemez edilesermemez ellethey wouldn't grab |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | mensermerik edimsermerik emI would have grabbed | sensermerik ediŋsermerik eŋyou would have grabbed | olsermerik edisermerik edhe would have grabbed | bizsermerik ediksermerik ekwe would have grabbed | sizsermerik edigizsermerik egizyou all would have grabbed | alasermerik edilesermerik ellethey would have grabbed |
| Past conditional result (would have) | mensermerik tül edimsermerik tül emI wouldn't have grabbed | sensermerik tül ediŋsermerik tül eŋyou wouldn't have grabbed | olsermerik tül edisermerik tül edhe wouldn't have grabbed | bizsermerik tül ediksermerik tül ekwe wouldn't have grabbed | sizsermerik tül edigizsermerik tül egizyou all wouldn't have grabbed | alasermerik tül edilesermerik tül ellethey wouldn't have grabbed |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | mensermesemif I grab | sensermeseŋif you grab | olsermeseif he grabs | bizsermesekif we grab | sizsermesegizif you all grab | alasermeseleif they grab |
| Conditional | mensermemesemif I don't grab | sensermemeseŋif you don't grab | olsermemeseif he doesn't grab | bizsermemesekif we don't grab | sizsermemesegizif you all don't grab | alasermemeseleif they don't grab |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | mensermey esemif I am grabbing | sensermey eseŋif you are grabbing | olsermey eseif he is grabbing | bizsermey esekif we are grabbing | sizsermey esegizif you all are grabbing | alasermey eseleif they are grabbing |
| Conditional, present real | mensermemey esemif I am not grabbing | sensermemey eseŋif you are not grabbing | olsermemey eseif he is not grabbing | bizsermemey esekif we are not grabbing | sizsermemey esegizif you all are not grabbing | alasermemey eseleif they are not grabbing |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mensermesem edisermesem edif only I grabbed | sensermeseŋ edisermeseŋ edif only you grabbed | olsermese edisermesedif only he grabbed | bizsermesek edisermesek edif only we grabbed | sizsermesegiz edisermesegiz edif only you all grabbed | alasermesele edisermeseledif only they grabbed |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mensermemesem edisermemesem edif only I didn't grab | sensermemeseŋ edisermemeseŋ edif only you didn't grab | olsermemese edisermemesedif only he didn't grab | bizsermemesek edisermemesek edif only we didn't grab | sizsermemesegiz edisermemesegiz edif only you all didn't grab | alasermemesele edisermemeseledif only they didn't grab |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | mensermeb tursamif I carry on grabbing | sensermeb tursaŋif you carry on grabbing | olsermeb tursaif he carries on grabbing | bizsermeb tursaqif we carry on grabbing | sizsermeb tursağızif you all carry on grabbing | alasermeb tursalaif they carry on grabbing |
| Durative conditional | mensermeb turmasamif I don't carry on grabbing | sensermeb turmasaŋif you don't carry on grabbing | olsermeb turmasaif he doesn't carry on grabbing | bizsermeb turmasaqif we don't carry on grabbing | sizsermeb turmasağızif you all don't carry on grabbing | alasermeb turmasalaif they don't carry on grabbing |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | mensermeb tura esemif I have kept grabbing | sensermeb tura eseŋif you have kept grabbing | olsermeb tura eseif he has kept grabbing | bizsermeb tura esekif we have kept grabbing | sizsermeb tura esegizif you all have kept grabbing | alasermeb tura eseleif they have kept grabbing |
| Durative conditional, present real | mensermeb turmay esemif I haven't kept grabbing | sensermeb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept grabbing | olsermeb turmay eseif he hasn't kept grabbing | bizsermeb turmay esekif we haven't kept grabbing | sizsermeb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept grabbing | alasermeb turmay eseleif they haven't kept grabbing |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | mensermey tursamif I keep grabbing | sensermey tursaŋif you keep grabbing | olsermey tursaif he keeps grabbing | bizsermey tursaqif we keep grabbing | sizsermey tursağızif you all keep grabbing | alasermey tursalaif they keep grabbing |
| Progressive conditional | mensermemey tursamif I keep on not grabbing | sensermemey tursaŋif you keep on not grabbing | olsermemey tursaif he keeps on not grabbing | bizsermemey tursaqif we keep on not grabbing | sizsermemey tursağızif you all keep on not grabbing | alasermemey tursalaif they keep on not grabbing |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | mensermey tura esemif I am in the middle of grabbing | sensermey tura eseŋif you are in the middle of grabbing | olsermey tura eseif he is in the middle of grabbing | bizsermey tura esekif we are in the middle of grabbing | sizsermey tura esegizif you all are in the middle of grabbing | alasermey tura eseleif they are in the middle of grabbing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | mensermemey tura esemif I keep on not grabbing | sensermemey tura eseŋif you keep on not grabbing | olsermemey tura eseif he keeps on not grabbing | bizsermemey tura esekif we keep on not grabbing | sizsermemey tura esegizif you all keep on not grabbing | alasermemey tura eseleif they keep on not grabbing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | mensermedim esemif I grabbed | sensermediŋ eseŋif you grabbed | olsermedi eseif he grabbed | bizsermedik esekif we grabbed | sizsermedigiz esegizif you all grabbed | alasermedile eseleif they grabbed |
| Conditional, definite past1 | mensermemedim esemif I didn't grab | sensermemediŋ eseŋif you didn't grab | olsermemedi eseif he didn't grab | bizsermemedik esekif we didn't grab | sizsermemedigiz esegizif you all didn't grab | alasermemedile eseleif they didn't grab |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | mensermegen esemif I did grab (indeed) | sensermegen eseŋif you did grab (indeed) | olsermegen eseif he did grab (indeed) | bizsermegen esekif we did grab (indeed) | sizsermegen esegizif you all did grab (indeed) | alasermegen eseleif they did grab (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | mensermemegen esemif I didn't grab (indeed) | sensermemegen eseŋif you didn't grab (indeed) | olsermemegen eseif he didn't grab (indeed) | bizsermemegen esekif we didn't grab (indeed) | sizsermemegen esegizif you all didn't grab (indeed) | alasermemegen eseleif they didn't grab (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | mensermegen bolsamif I had grabbed | sensermegen bolsaŋif you had grabbed | olsermegen bolsaif he had grabbed | bizsermegen bolsaqif we had grabbed | sizsermegen bolsağızif you all had grabbed | alasermegen bolsalaif they had grabbed |
| Conditional, counterfactual | mensermemegen bolsamif I hadn't grabbed | sensermemegen bolsaŋif you hadn't grabbed | olsermemegen bolsaif he hadn't grabbed | bizsermemegen bolsaqif we hadn't grabbed | sizsermemegen bolsağızif you all hadn't grabbed | alasermemegen bolsalaif they hadn't grabbed |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mensermegen bolsam edisermegen bolsam edif only I had grabbed | sensermegen bolsaŋ edisermegen bolsaŋ edif only you had grabbed | olsermegen bolsa edisermegen bolsaedif only he had grabbed | bizsermegen bolsaq edisermegen bolsaq edif only we had grabbed | sizsermegen bolsağız edisermegen bolsağız edif only you all had grabbed | alasermegen bolsala edisermegen bolsalaedif only they had grabbed |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mensermemegen bolsam edisermemegen bolsam edif only I hadn't grabbed | sensermemegen bolsaŋ edisermemegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't grabbed | olsermemegen bolsa edisermemegen bolsaedif only he hadn't grabbed | bizsermemegen bolsaq edisermemegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't grabbed | sizsermemegen bolsağız edisermemegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't grabbed | alasermemegen bolsala edisermemegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't grabbed |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | mensermer esemif I will grab | sensermer eseŋif you will grab | olsermer eseif he will grab | bizsermer esekif we will grab | sizsermer esegizif you all will grab | alasermer eseleif they will grab |
| Conditional, aorist | mensermemez esemif I won't grab | sensermemez eseŋif you won't grab | olsermemez eseif he won't grab | bizsermemez esekif we won't grab | sizsermemez esegizif you all won't grab | alasermemez eseleif they won't grab |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | mensermerik esemif I am going to grab | sensermerik eseŋif you are going to grab | olsermerik eseif he is going to grab | bizsermerik esekif we are going to grab | sizsermerik esegizif you all are going to grab | alasermerik eseleif they are going to grab |
| Conditional, future | mensermerik tül esemif I am not going to grab | sensermerik tül eseŋif you are not going to grab | olsermerik tül eseif he is not going to grab | bizsermerik tül esekif we are not going to grab | sizsermerik tül esegizif you all are not going to grab | alasermerik tül eseleif they are not going to grab |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mensermerik bolsamif I were going to grab | sensermerik bolsaŋif you were going to grab | olsermerik bolsaif he were going to grab | bizsermerik bolsaqif we were going to grab | sizsermerik bolsağızif you all were going to grab | alasermerik bolsalaif they were going to grab |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mensermemezlik bolsamif I were not going to grab | sensermemezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to grab | olsermemezlik bolsaif he were not going to grab | bizsermemezlik bolsaqif we were not going to grab | sizsermemezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to grab | alasermemezlik bolsalaif they were not going to grab |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso sermediŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mensermey bolurmaI must be grabbing | sensermey bolursayou must be grabbing | olsermey bolurhe must be grabbing | bizsermey bolurbuzwe must be grabbing | sizsermey bolursuzyou all must be grabbing | alasermey bolurlathey must be grabbing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mensermemey bolurmaI must not be grabbing | sensermemey bolursayou must not be grabbing | olsermemey bolurhe must not be grabbing | bizsermemey bolurbuzwe must not be grabbing | sizsermemey bolursuzyou all must not be grabbing | alasermemey bolurlathey must not be grabbing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mensermey tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of grabbing | sensermey tura bolursayou must be in the middle of grabbing | olsermey tura bolurhe must be in the middle of grabbing | bizsermey tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of grabbing | sizsermey tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of grabbing | alasermey tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of grabbing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mensermemey tura bolurmaI must keep on not grabbing | sensermemey tura bolursayou must keep on not grabbing | olsermemey tura bolurhe must keep on not grabbing | bizsermemey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not grabbing | sizsermemey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not grabbing | alasermemey tura bolurlathey must keep on not grabbing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | mensermegen bolurmaI must have grabbed | sensermegen bolursayou must have grabbed | olsermegen bolurhe must have grabbed | bizsermegen bolurbuzwe must have grabbed | sizsermegen bolursuzyou all must have grabbed | alasermegen bolurlathey must have grabbed |
| Inference (must have) | mensermemegen bolurmaI must not have grabbed | sensermemegen bolursayou must not have grabbed | olsermemegen bolurhe must not have grabbed | bizsermemegen bolurbuzwe must not have grabbed | sizsermemegen bolursuzyou all must not have grabbed | alasermemegen bolurlathey must not have grabbed |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mensermerik bolurmaI must be going to grab | sensermerik bolursayou must be going to grab | olsermerik bolurhe must be going to grab | bizsermerik bolurbuzwe must be going to grab | sizsermerik bolursuzyou all must be going to grab | alasermerik bolurlathey must be going to grab |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mensermemezlik bolurmaI must not be going to grab | sensermemezlik bolursayou must not be going to grab | olsermemezlik bolurhe must not be going to grab | bizsermemezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to grab | sizsermemezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to grab | alasermemezlik bolurlathey must not be going to grab |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | mensermeyimlet me grab | senserme!grab! | olsermesinlet him grab | bizsermeyiklet's grab | sizsermegiz!grab, you all! | alasermesinlelet them grab |
| Commands & suggestions | mensermemeyimlet me not grab | sensermeme!don't grab! | olsermemesinlet him not grab | bizsermemeyiklet's not grab | sizsermemegiz!don't grab, you all! | alasermemesinlelet them not grab |
| Commands & suggestions | mensermeyimmi?shall I grab? | olsermesinmi?should he grab? | bizsermeyikmi?shall we grab? | alasermesinlemi?should they grab? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | mensermemeyimmi?shall I not grab? | olsermemesinmi?should he not grab? | bizsermemeyikmi?shall we not grab? | alasermemesinlemi?should they not grab? | ||
| Requests | sensermeçi2sermeçinplease grab | olsermesinçido let him grab | sizsermeçigizplease grab (plural/polite) | alasermesinleçido let them grab | ||
| Requests | sensermemeçi2sermemeçinplease don't grab | olsermemesinçido let him not grab | sizsermemeçigizplease don't grab (plural/polite) | alasermemesinleçido let them not grab | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sensermeginsermegimay you grab | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sensermemeginsermemegimay you not grab | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mensermegey edim sermege edimwould that I grabbed | sensermegey ediŋ sermege ediŋwould that you grabbed | olsermegey edi sermege ediwould that he grabbed | bizsermegey edik sermege edikwould that we grabbed | sizsermegey edigiz sermege edigizwould that you all grabbed | alasermegey edile sermege edilewould that they grabbed |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mensermemegey edim sermemege edimwould that I did not grab | sensermemegey ediŋ sermemege ediŋwould that you did not grab | olsermemegey edi sermemege ediwould that he did not grab | bizsermemegey edik sermemege edikwould that we did not grab | sizsermemegey edigiz sermemege edigizwould that you all did not grab | alasermemegey edile sermemege edilewould that they did not grab |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | mensermemege qoyayımsermeme qoyayımlet me allow someone to grab | sensermemege qoy!sermeme qoy!let someone grab! | olsermemege qoysunsermeme qoysunlet him allow someone to grab | bizsermemege qoyayıqsermeme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to grab | sizsermemege qoyuğuz!sermeme qoyuğuz!let someone grab, you all! | alasermemege qoysunlasermeme qoysunlalet them allow someone to grab |
| Let someone… (commands) | mensermemege qoymayımsermeme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to grab | sensermemege qoyma!sermeme qoyma!don't let someone grab! | olsermemege qoymasınsermeme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to grab | bizsermemege qoymayıqsermeme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to grab | sizsermemege qoymağız!sermeme qoymağız!don't let someone grab, you all! | alasermemege qoymasınlasermeme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to grab |
| Let someone… (commands) | mensermemege qoyayımmı?sermeme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to grab? | olsermemege qoysunmu?sermeme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to grab? | bizsermemege qoyayıqmı?sermeme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to grab? | alasermemege qoysunlamı?sermeme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to grab? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | mensermemege qoymayımmı?sermeme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to grab? | olsermemege qoymasınmı?sermeme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to grab? | bizsermemege qoymayıqmı?sermeme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to grab? | alasermemege qoymasınlamı?sermeme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to grab? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | mensermemege qoyamasermeme qoyamaI allow someone to grab | sensermemege qoyasasermeme qoyasayou allow someone to grab | olsermemege qoyadısermeme qoyadıhe allows someone to grab | bizsermemege qoyabızsermeme qoyabızwe allow someone to grab | sizsermemege qoyasızsermeme qoyasızyou all allow someone to grab | alasermemege qoyadılasermeme qoyadılathey allow someone to grab |
| Let someone… (present) | mensermemege qoymaymasermeme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to grab | sensermemege qoymaysasermeme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to grab | olsermemege qoymaydısermeme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to grab | bizsermemege qoymaybızsermeme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to grab | sizsermemege qoymaysızsermeme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to grab | alasermemege qoymaydılasermeme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to grab |
| Let someone… (present) | mensermemege qoyamamı?sermeme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to grab? | sensermemege qoyamısa?sermeme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to grab? | olsermemege qoyamıdı?sermeme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to grab? | bizsermemege qoyabızmı?sermeme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to grab? | sizsermemege qoyamısız?sermeme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to grab? | alasermemege qoyamıdıla?sermeme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to grab? |
| Let someone… (present) | mensermemege qoymaymamı?sermeme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to grab? | sensermemege qoymaymısa?sermeme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to grab? | olsermemege qoymaymıdı?sermeme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to grab? | bizsermemege qoymaybızmı?sermeme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to grab? | sizsermemege qoymaymısız?sermeme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to grab? | alasermemege qoymaymıdıla?sermeme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to grab? |
| Let someone… (past) | mensermemege qoydumsermeme qoydumI allowed someone to grab | sensermemege qoyduŋsermeme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to grab | olsermemege qoydusermeme qoyduhe allowed someone to grab | bizsermemege qoyduqsermeme qoyduqwe allowed someone to grab | sizsermemege qoyduğuzsermeme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to grab | alasermemege qoydulasermeme qoydulathey allowed someone to grab |
| Let someone… (past) | mensermemege qoymadımsermeme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to grab | sensermemege qoymadıŋsermeme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to grab | olsermemege qoymadısermeme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to grab | bizsermemege qoymadıqsermeme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to grab | sizsermemege qoymadığızsermeme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to grab | alasermemege qoymadılasermeme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to grab |
| Let someone… (past) | mensermemege qoydummu?sermeme qoydummu?did I allow someone to grab? | sensermemege qoyduŋmu?sermeme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to grab? | olsermemege qoydumu?sermeme qoydumu?did he allow someone to grab? | bizsermemege qoyduqmu?sermeme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to grab? | sizsermemege qoyduğuzmu?sermeme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to grab? | alasermemege qoydulamı?sermeme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to grab? |
| Let someone… (past) | mensermemege qoymadımmı?sermeme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to grab? | sensermemege qoymadıŋmı?sermeme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to grab? | olsermemege qoymadımı?sermeme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to grab? | bizsermemege qoymadıqmı?sermeme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to grab? | sizsermemege qoymadığızmı?sermeme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to grab? | alasermemege qoymadılamı?sermeme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to grab? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | mensermeyalamaI can grab | sensermeyalasayou can grab | olsermeyaladıhe can grab | bizsermeyalabızwe can grab | sizsermeyalasızyou all can grab | alasermeyaladılathey can grab |
| Ability — present | mensermeyalmaymaI can't grab | sensermeyalmaysayou can't grab | olsermeyalmaydıhe can't grab | bizsermeyalmaybızwe can't grab | sizsermeyalmaysızyou all can't grab | alasermeyalmaydılathey can't grab |
| Ability — present | mensermeyalamamı? sermeyalamıma?can I grab? | sensermeyalamısa?can you grab? | olsermeyalamıdı?can he grab? | bizsermeyalabızmı? sermeyalamıbız?can we grab? | sizsermeyalamısız?can you all grab? | alasermeyalamıdıla?can they grab? |
| Ability — present | mensermeyalmaymamı? sermeyalmaymıma?can't I grab? | sensermeyalmaymısa?can't you grab? | olsermeyalmaymıdı?can't he grab? | bizsermeyalmaybızmı? sermeyalmaymıbız?can't we grab? | sizsermeyalmaymısız?can't you all grab? | alasermeyalmaymıdıla?can't they grab? |
| Ability — if I can… | mensermeyalsamif I can grab | sensermeyalsaŋif you can grab | olsermeyalsaif he can grab | bizsermeyalsaqif we can grab | sizsermeyalsağızif you all can grab | alasermeyalsalaif they can grab |
| Ability — if I can… | mensermeyalmasamif I can't grab | sensermeyalmasaŋif you can't grab | olsermeyalmasaif he can't grab | bizsermeyalmasaqif we can't grab | sizsermeyalmasağızif you all can't grab | alasermeyalmasalaif they can't grab |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | mensermeyaldımI was able to grab | sensermeyaldıŋyou were able to grab | olsermeyaldıhe was able to grab | bizsermeyaldıqwe were able to grab | sizsermeyaldığızyou all were able to grab | alasermeyaldılathey were able to grab |
| Ability — simple past | mensermeyalmadımI could not grab | sensermeyalmadıŋyou could not grab | olsermeyalmadıhe could not grab | bizsermeyalmadıqwe could not grab | sizsermeyalmadığızyou all could not grab | alasermeyalmadılathey could not grab |
| Ability — simple past | mensermeyaldımmı?was I able to grab? | sensermeyaldıŋmı?were you able to grab? | olsermeyaldımı?was he able to grab? | bizsermeyaldıqmı?were we able to grab? | sizsermeyaldığızmı?were you all able to grab? | alasermeyaldılamı?were they able to grab? |
| Ability — simple past | mensermeyalmadımmı?couldn't I grab? | sensermeyalmadıŋmı?couldn't you grab? | olsermeyalmadımı?couldn't he grab? | bizsermeyalmadıqmı?couldn't we grab? | sizsermeyalmadığızmı?couldn't you all grab? | alasermeyalmadılamı?couldn't they grab? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mensermeyalğanmaI have been able to grab | sensermeyalğansayou have been able to grab | olsermeyalğandıhe has been able to grab | bizsermeyalğanbızwe have been able to grab | sizsermeyalğansızyou all have been able to grab | alasermeyalğandılathey have been able to grab |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mensermeyalmağanmaI haven't been able to grab | sensermeyalmağansayou haven't been able to grab | olsermeyalmağandıhe hasn't been able to grab | bizsermeyalmağanbızwe haven't been able to grab | sizsermeyalmağansızyou all haven't been able to grab | alasermeyalmağandılathey haven't been able to grab |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mensermeyalğanmamı? sermeyalğanmıma?have I been able to grab? | sensermeyalğanmısa?have you been able to grab? | olsermeyalğanmıdı?has he been able to grab? | bizsermeyalğanbızmı? sermeyalğanmıbız?have we been able to grab? | sizsermeyalğanmısız?have you all been able to grab? | alasermeyalğanmıdıla?have they been able to grab? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mensermeyalmağanmamı? sermeyalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to grab? | sensermeyalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to grab? | olsermeyalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to grab? | bizsermeyalmağanbızmı? sermeyalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to grab? | sizsermeyalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to grab? | alasermeyalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to grab? |
| Ability — past perfect | mensermeyalğan edimsermeyalğanemI had been able to grab | sensermeyalğan ediŋsermeyalğaneŋyou had been able to grab | olsermeyalğan edisermeyalğanedhe had been able to grab | bizsermeyalğan ediksermeyalğanekwe had been able to grab | sizsermeyalğan edigizsermeyalğanegizyou all had been able to grab | alasermeyalğan edilesermeyalğanellethey had been able to grab |
| Ability — past perfect | mensermeyalmağan edimsermeyalmağanemI hadn't been able to grab | sensermeyalmağan ediŋsermeyalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to grab | olsermeyalmağan edisermeyalmağanedhe hadn't been able to grab | bizsermeyalmağan ediksermeyalmağanekwe hadn't been able to grab | sizsermeyalmağan edigizsermeyalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to grab | alasermeyalmağan edilesermeyalmağanellethey hadn't been able to grab |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | mensermeyala edimsermeyalaemI could grab | sensermeyala ediŋsermeyalaeŋyou could grab | olsermeyala edisermeyalaedhe could grab | bizsermeyala ediksermeyalaekwe could grab | sizsermeyala edigizsermeyalaegizyou all could grab | alasermeyala edilesermeyalaellethey could grab |
| Ability — past background | mensermeyalmay edimsermeyalmayemI could not grab | sensermeyalmay ediŋsermeyalmayeŋyou could not grab | olsermeyalmay edisermeyalmayedhe could not grab | bizsermeyalmay ediksermeyalmayekwe could not grab | sizsermeyalmay edigizsermeyalmayegizyou all could not grab | alasermeyalmay edilesermeyalmayellethey could not grab |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | mensermeyalırmaI will be able to grab | sensermeyalırsayou will be able to grab | olsermeyalırhe will be able to grab | bizsermeyalırbızwe will be able to grab | sizsermeyalırsızyou all will be able to grab | alasermeyalırlathey will be able to grab |
| Ability — future I | mensermeyalmazmaI won't be able to grab | sensermeyalmazsayou won't be able to grab | olsermeyalmazhe won't be able to grab | bizsermeyalmazbızwe won't be able to grab | sizsermeyalmazsızyou all won't be able to grab | alasermeyalmazlathey won't be able to grab |
| Ability — future I | mensermeyalırmamı? sermeyalırmıma?will I be able to grab? | sensermeyalırmısa?will you be able to grab? | olsermeyalırmı?will he be able to grab? | bizsermeyalırbızmı? sermeyalırmıbız?will we be able to grab? | sizsermeyalırmısız?will you all be able to grab? | alasermeyalırlamı? sermeyalırmıla?will they be able to grab? |
| Ability — future I | mensermeyalmazmamı? sermeyalmazmıma?won't I be able to grab? | sensermeyalmazmısa?won't you be able to grab? | olsermeyalmazmı?won't he be able to grab? | bizsermeyalmazbızmı? sermeyalmazmıbız?won't we be able to grab? | sizsermeyalmazmısız?won't you all be able to grab? | alasermeyalmazlamı? sermeyalmazmıla?won't they be able to grab? |
| Ability — future II | mensermeyallıqmaI am going to be able to grab | sensermeyallıqsayou are going to be able to grab | olsermeyallıqdıhe is going to be able to grab | bizsermeyallıqbızwe are going to be able to grab | sizsermeyallıqsızyou all are going to be able to grab | alasermeyallıqdılathey are going to be able to grab |
| Ability — future II | mensermeyallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to grab | sensermeyallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to grab | olsermeyallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to grab | bizsermeyallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to grab | sizsermeyallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to grab | alasermeyallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to grab |
| Ability — future II | mensermeyallıqmamı? sermeyallıqmıma?am I going to be able to grab? | sensermeyallıqmısa?are you going to be able to grab? | olsermeyallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to grab? | bizsermeyallıqbızmı? sermeyallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to grab? | sizsermeyallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to grab? | alasermeyallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to grab? |
| Ability — future II | mensermeyallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to grab? | sensermeyallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to grab? | olsermeyallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to grab? | bizsermeyallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to grab? | sizsermeyallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to grab? | alasermeyallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to grab? |
| Ability — would be able to… | mensermeyalır edimsermeyalır emI would be able to grab | sensermeyalır ediŋsermeyalır eŋyou would be able to grab | olsermeyalır edisermeyalır edhe would be able to grab | bizsermeyalır ediksermeyalır ekwe would be able to grab | sizsermeyalır edigizsermeyalır egizyou all would be able to grab | alasermeyalır edilesermeyalır ellethey would be able to grab |
| Ability — would be able to… | mensermeyalmaz edimsermeyalmaz emI wouldn't be able to grab | sensermeyalmaz ediŋsermeyalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to grab | olsermeyalmaz edisermeyalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to grab | bizsermeyalmaz ediksermeyalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to grab | sizsermeyalmaz edigizsermeyalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to grab | alasermeyalmaz edilesermeyalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to grab |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sensermeyalğınsermeyalğımay you be able to grab | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sensermeyalmağınsermeyalmağımay you not be able to grab | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | mensermerge izleymeI want to grab | sensermerge izleyseyou want to grab | olsermerge izleydihe wants to grab | bizsermerge izleybizwe want to grab | sizsermerge izleysizyou all want to grab | alasermerge izleydilethey want to grab |
| want to | mensermerge izlemeymeI do not want to grab | sensermerge izlemeyseyou do not want to grab | olsermerge izlemeydihe does not want to grab | bizsermerge izlemeybizwe do not want to grab | sizsermerge izlemeysizyou all do not want to grab | alasermerge izlemeydilethey do not want to grab |
| would like to | mensermerge süemeI would like to grab | sensermerge süeseyou would like to grab | olsermerge süedihe would like to grab | bizsermerge süebizwe would like to grab | sizsermerge süesizyou all would like to grab | alasermerge süedilethey would like to grab |
| would like to | mensermerge süymeymeI would not like to grab | sensermerge süymeyseyou would not like to grab | olsermerge süymeydihe would not like to grab | bizsermerge süymeybizwe would not like to grab | sizsermerge süymeysizyou all would not like to grab | alasermerge süymeydilethey would not like to grab |
| hope to | mensermerge umutlanamaI hope to grab | sensermerge umutlanasayou hope to grab | olsermerge umutlanadıhe hopes to grab | bizsermerge umutlanabızwe hope to grab | sizsermerge umutlanasızyou all hope to grab | alasermerge umutlanadılathey hope to grab |
| hope to | mensermerge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to grab | sensermerge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to grab | olsermerge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to grab | bizsermerge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to grab | sizsermerge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to grab | alasermerge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to grab |
| be about to | mensermerge deb turamaI am about to grab | sensermerge deb turasayou are about to grab | olsermerge deb turadıhe is about to grab | bizsermerge deb turabızwe are about to grab | sizsermerge deb turasızyou all are about to grab | alasermerge deb turadılathey are about to grab |
| be about to | mensermerge deb turmaymaI am not about to grab | sensermerge deb turmaysayou are not about to grab | olsermerge deb turmaydıhe is not about to grab | bizsermerge deb turmaybızwe are not about to grab | sizsermerge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to grab | alasermerge deb turmaydılathey are not about to grab |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | mensermerge kerekmeI need to grab | sensermerge kerekseyou need to grab | olsermerge kerekdihe needs to grab | bizsermerge kerekbizwe need to grab | sizsermerge kereksizyou all need to grab | alasermerge kerekdilethey need to grab |
| need to | mensermerge kerek tülmeI do not need to grab | sensermerge kerek tülseyou do not need to grab | olsermerge kerek tüldühe does not need to grab | bizsermerge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to grab | sizsermerge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to grab | alasermerge kerek tüldülethey do not need to grab |
| have to | menmenŋe sermerge tüşediI have to grab | sensenŋe sermerge tüşediyou have to grab | olaŋa sermerge tüşedihe has to grab | bizbizge sermerge tüşediwe have to grab | sizsizge sermerge tüşediyou all have to grab | alaalağa sermerge tüşedithey have to grab |
| have to | menmenŋe sermerge tüşmeydiI do not have to grab | sensenŋe sermerge tüşmeydiyou do not have to grab | olaŋa sermerge tüşmeydihe does not have to grab | bizbizge sermerge tüşmeydiwe do not have to grab | sizsizge sermerge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to grab | alaalağa sermerge tüşmeydithey do not have to grab |
| be obliged to | mensermerge borçlumaI am obliged to grab | sensermerge borçlusayou are obliged to grab | olsermerge borçluduhe is obliged to grab | bizsermerge borçlubuzwe are obliged to grab | sizsermerge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to grab | alasermerge borçludulathey are obliged to grab |
| be obliged to | mensermerge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to grab | sensermerge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to grab | olsermerge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to grab | bizsermerge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to grab | sizsermerge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to grab | alasermerge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to grab |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | mensermerge madarım bardıI have a way to grab | sensermerge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to grab | olsermerge madarı bardıhe has a way to grab | bizsermerge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to grab | sizsermerge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to grab | alasermerge madarları bardıthey have a way to grab |
| have a way to | mensermerge madarım joqduI have no way to grab | sensermerge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to grab | olsermerge madarı joqduhe has no way to grab | bizsermerge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to grab | sizsermerge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to grab | alasermerge madarları joqduthey have no way to grab |
| be free to | mensermerge erkinligim bardıI am free to grab | sensermerge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to grab | olsermerge erkinligi bardıhe is free to grab | bizsermerge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to grab | sizsermerge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to grab | alasermerge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to grab |
| be free to | mensermerge erkinligim joqduI am not free to grab | sensermerge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to grab | olsermerge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to grab | bizsermerge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to grab | sizsermerge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to grab | alasermerge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to grab |
| be possible to | menmenŋe sermerge bolluqduit is possible for me to grab | sensenŋe sermerge bolluqduit is possible for you to grab | olaŋa sermerge bolluqduit is possible for him to grab | bizbizge sermerge bolluqduit is possible for us to grab | sizsizge sermerge bolluqduit is possible for you all to grab | alaalağa sermerge bolluqduit is possible for them to grab |
| be possible to | menmenŋe sermerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to grab | sensenŋe sermerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to grab | olaŋa sermerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to grab | bizbizge sermerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to grab | sizsizge sermerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to grab | alaalağa sermerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to grab |
| be ready to | mensermerge hazırmaI am ready to grab | sensermerge hazırsayou are ready to grab | olsermerge hazırdıhe is ready to grab | bizsermerge hazırbızwe are ready to grab | sizsermerge hazırsızyou all are ready to grab | alasermerge hazırdılathey are ready to grab |
| be ready to | mensermerge hazır tülmeI am not ready to grab | sensermerge hazır tülseyou are not ready to grab | olsermerge hazır tüldühe is not ready to grab | bizsermerge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to grab | sizsermerge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to grab | alasermerge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to grab |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | mensermerge küreşemeI am trying to grab | sensermerge küreşeseyou are trying to grab | olsermerge küreşedihe is trying to grab | bizsermerge küreşebizwe are trying to grab | sizsermerge küreşesizyou all are trying to grab | alasermerge küreşedilethey are trying to grab |
| try to | mensermerge küreşmeymeI am not trying to grab | sensermerge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to grab | olsermerge küreşmeydihe is not trying to grab | bizsermerge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to grab | sizsermerge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to grab | alasermerge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to grab |
| agree to | mensermerge unaymaI agree to grab | sensermerge unaysayou agree to grab | olsermerge unaydıhe agrees to grab | bizsermerge unaybızwe agree to grab | sizsermerge unaysızyou all agree to grab | alasermerge unaydılathey agree to grab |
| agree to | mensermerge unamaymaI refuse to grab | sensermerge unamaysayou refuse to grab | olsermerge unamaydıhe refuses to grab | bizsermerge unamaybızwe refuse to grab | sizsermerge unamaysızyou all refuse to grab | alasermerge unamaydılathey refuse to grab |
| hurry to | mensermerge aşığamaI am in a hurry to grab | sensermerge aşığasayou are in a hurry to grab | olsermerge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to grab | bizsermerge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to grab | sizsermerge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to grab | alasermerge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to grab |
| hurry to | mensermerge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to grab | sensermerge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to grab | olsermerge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to grab | bizsermerge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to grab | sizsermerge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to grab | alasermerge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to grab |
| be afraid to | mensermerge qorqamaI am afraid to grab | sensermerge qorqasayou are afraid to grab | olsermerge qorqadıhe is afraid to grab | bizsermerge qorqabızwe are afraid to grab | sizsermerge qorqasızyou all are afraid to grab | alasermerge qorqadılathey are afraid to grab |
| be afraid to | mensermerge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to grab | sensermerge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to grab | olsermerge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to grab | bizsermerge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to grab | sizsermerge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to grab | alasermerge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to grab |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | mensermey bolmazmaI can't be grabbing | sensermey bolmazsayou can't be grabbing | olsermey bolmazhe can't be grabbing | bizsermey bolmazbızwe can't be grabbing | sizsermey bolmazsızyou all can't be grabbing | alasermey bolmazlathey can't be grabbing |
| Inference, present — double negation | mensermemey bolmazmaI must be grabbing (emphatic) | sensermemey bolmazsayou must be grabbing (emphatic) | olsermemey bolmazhe must be grabbing (emphatic) | bizsermemey bolmazbızwe must be grabbing (emphatic) | sizsermemey bolmazsızyou all must be grabbing (emphatic) | alasermemey bolmazlathey must be grabbing (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | mensermey turmasamif I don't keep grabbing | sensermey turmasaŋif you don't keep grabbing | olsermey turmasaif he doesn't keep grabbing | bizsermey turmasaqif we don't keep grabbing | sizsermey turmasağızif you all don't keep grabbing | alasermey turmasalaif they don't keep grabbing |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | mensermey tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of grabbing | sensermey tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of grabbing | olsermey tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of grabbing | bizsermey tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of grabbing | sizsermey tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of grabbing | alasermey tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of grabbing |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | mensermemey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not grabbing (emphatic) | sensermemey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not grabbing (emphatic) | olsermemey tura bolmazhe must keep on not grabbing (emphatic) | bizsermemey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not grabbing (emphatic) | sizsermemey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not grabbing (emphatic) | alasermemey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not grabbing (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | mensermemey turamaI keep on not grabbing | sensermemey turasayou keep on not grabbing | olsermemey turadıhe keeps on not grabbing | bizsermemey turabızwe keep on not grabbing | sizsermemey turasızyou all keep on not grabbing | alasermemey turadılathey keep on not grabbing |
| Progressive — double negation | mensermemey turmaymaI am not keeping on not grabbing | sensermemey turmaysayou are not keeping on not grabbing | olsermemey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not grabbing | bizsermemey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not grabbing | sizsermemey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not grabbing | alasermemey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not grabbing |
| Progressive — double negation | mensermemey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not grabbing? | sensermemey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not grabbing? | olsermemey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not grabbing? | bizsermemey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not grabbing? | sizsermemey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not grabbing? | alasermemey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not grabbing? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | mensermegen bolmazmaI can't have grabbed | sensermegen bolmazsayou can't have grabbed | olsermegen bolmazhe can't have grabbed | bizsermegen bolmazbızwe can't have grabbed | sizsermegen bolmazsızyou all can't have grabbed | alasermegen bolmazlathey can't have grabbed |
| Inference — double negation | mensermemegen bolmazmaI must have grabbed (emphatic) | sensermemegen bolmazsayou must have grabbed (emphatic) | olsermemegen bolmazhe must have grabbed (emphatic) | bizsermemegen bolmazbızwe must have grabbed (emphatic) | sizsermemegen bolmazsızyou all must have grabbed (emphatic) | alasermemegen bolmazlathey must have grabbed (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | mensermegen bolmasamif it weren't that I had grabbed | sensermegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had grabbed | olsermegen bolmasaif it weren't that he had grabbed | bizsermegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had grabbed | sizsermegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had grabbed | alasermegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had grabbed |
| Counterfactual — double negation | mensermemegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't grabbed | sensermemegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't grabbed | olsermemegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't grabbed | bizsermemegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't grabbed | sizsermemegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't grabbed | alasermemegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't grabbed |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | mensermerik bolmazmaI can't be going to grab | sensermerik bolmazsayou can't be going to grab | olsermerik bolmazhe can't be going to grab | bizsermerik bolmazbızwe can't be going to grab | sizsermerik bolmazsızyou all can't be going to grab | alasermerik bolmazlathey can't be going to grab |
| Inference, future — double negation | mensermemezlik bolmazmaI must be going to grab (emphatic) | sensermemezlik bolmazsayou must be going to grab (emphatic) | olsermemezlik bolmazhe must be going to grab (emphatic) | bizsermemezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to grab (emphatic) | sizsermemezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to grab (emphatic) | alasermemezlik bolmazlathey must be going to grab (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | mensermerik bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to grab | sensermerik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to grab | olsermerik bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to grab | bizsermerik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to grab | sizsermerik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to grab | alasermerik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to grab |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | mensermemezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to grab | sensermemezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to grab | olsermemezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to grab | bizsermemezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to grab | sizsermemezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to grab | alasermemezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to grab |