tuqum
/tuqum/ · plural tuqumla
1. clan, lineage, family line
- tuqum ata — the founder of a clan
- tuqum tamada — the elder of a clan
- bizni tuqumubuz ulludu — our clan is big
- tuqumnu qaydan çıqğanı — where the clan came from
- ullu tuqum — a big clan
- aşhığa tuqum sorma — do not ask a good man what clan he is of
2. family name, surname
- sizni tuqumuğuz qalaydı — what is your family name
- tuqumu bir adamla — people of the same surname
- ata tuqum — a maiden name
- men senŋe tuqumuŋu ayt deyme — I am telling you to say your surname
3. relatives, kin, the people of one's family
- tuqumubuz jıyılğandı — our kin have gathered
- tuqumuna tartadı — he takes after his kin
- tuqumnu bağalı zatları — the treasures of the family
- kesini tuqumundan bolğanlanı jıyğandı — he gathered those who were of his own kin
4. breed, variety, species (of animals or plants) — In biology it also renders taxonomic groups such as family or type: kiştik tuqum is the cat family.
- qoynu Qaraçay tuqumu — the Karachay breed of sheep
- atnı qabartı tuqumu — the Kabardian breed of horse
- janıwarlanı tuqumları — the species of animals
5. stock, brood (the descendants of a kind of animal, such as mice or wolves)
- çıçhannı tuqumu qurumaydı — the brood of mice never dies out
- çıçhannı tuqumu qalmaz — no brood of mice will remain
6. kind, sort, type — Also used for the grade or quality of goods.
- bu qallay tuqum budaydı — what sort of wheat is this
- almanı köb tuqumu bardı — there are many kinds of apples
- ol tuqum işle bla küreşmeybiz — we do not deal with that sort of business
7. such, of that kind, like (after bu, ol, ne)
- ol tuqum zatla — things of that kind
- ol tuqum keçele — nights like that
- bu tuqum injilgenden ese — rather than suffer like this
- ne tuqum janı bla da — in every sort of way
8. strange, odd — It is also used as an adverb: bir tuqumla söleşedi means 'he talks somehow strangely'.
- tuqum adamsa sen — you are a strange person
- bir tuqumla söleşedi — he talks somehow strangely
Expressions
- bir tuqum bir — any at all
- tuqumdan-juqdan çıqğan — of noble family
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | tuqumthe family name | tuqumummy family name | tuqumuŋyour family name | tuqumuhis family name | tuqumubuzour family name | tuqumuğuzyou all's family name | tuqumlarıtheir family names |
| Genitive | tuqumnuthe family name's | tuqumumumy family name's | tuqumuŋuyour family name's | tuqumunuhis family name's | tuqumubuznuour family name's | tuqumuğuznuyou all's family name's | tuqumlarınıtheir family names' |
| Accusative | tuqumnuthe family name (as the object) | tuqumumumy family name (as the object) | tuqumuŋuyour family name (as the object) | tuqumunhis family name (as the object) | tuqumubuznuour family name (as the object) | tuqumuğuznuyou all's family name (as the object) | tuqumlarıntheir family names (as the object) |
| Dative | tuqumğato the family name | tuqumumato my family name | tuqumuŋato your family name | tuqumunato his family name | tuqumubuzğato our family name | tuqumuğuzğato you all's family name | tuqumlarınato their family names |
| Locative | tuqumdain / at the family name | tuqumumdain / at my family name | tuqumuŋdain / at your family name | tuqumundain / at his family name | tuqumubuzdain / at our family name | tuqumuğuzdain / at you all's family name | tuqumlarındain / at their family names |
| Ablative | tuqumdanfrom the family name | tuqumumdanfrom my family name | tuqumuŋdanfrom your family name | tuqumundanfrom his family name | tuqumubuzdanfrom our family name | tuqumuğuzdanfrom you all's family name | tuqumlarındanfrom their family names |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | tuqumlathe family names | tuqumlarımmy family names | tuqumlarıŋyour family names | tuqumlarıhis family names | tuqumlarıbızour family names | tuqumlarığızyou all's family names | tuqumlarıtheir family names |
| Genitive | tuqumlanıthe family names' | tuqumlarımımy family names' | tuqumlarıŋıyour family names' | tuqumlarınıhis family names' | tuqumlarıbıznıour family names' | tuqumlarığıznıyou all's family names' | tuqumlarınıtheir family names' |
| Accusative | tuqumlanıthe family names (as the object) | tuqumlarımımy family names (as the object) | tuqumlarıŋıyour family names (as the object) | tuqumlarınhis family names (as the object) | tuqumlarıbıznıour family names (as the object) | tuqumlarığıznıyou all's family names (as the object) | tuqumlarıntheir family names (as the object) |
| Dative | tuqumlağato the family names | tuqumlarımato my family names | tuqumlarıŋato your family names | tuqumlarınato his family names | tuqumlarıbızğato our family names | tuqumlarığızğato you all's family names | tuqumlarınato their family names |
| Locative | tuqumladain / at the family names | tuqumlarımdain / at my family names | tuqumlarıŋdain / at your family names | tuqumlarındain / at his family names | tuqumlarıbızdain / at our family names | tuqumlarığızdain / at you all's family names | tuqumlarındain / at their family names |
| Ablative | tuqumladanfrom the family names | tuqumlarımdanfrom my family names | tuqumlarıŋdanfrom your family names | tuqumlarındanfrom his family names | tuqumlarıbızdanfrom our family names | tuqumlarığızdanfrom you all's family names | tuqumlarındanfrom their family names |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: tuqumları can mean "his / her family names", "their family name", or "their family names" — context decides.
Whose it is
| Case | one thing, one owner | several things, one owner | one thing, several owners | several things, several owners |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | tuqumnuquthe family name's one | tuqumnuqulathe family name's ones | tuqumlanıqıthe family names' one | tuqumlanıqılathe family names' ones |
| Genitive | tuqumnuqunuof the family name's one | tuqumnuqulanıof the family name's ones | tuqumlanıqınıof the family names' one | tuqumlanıqılanıof the family names' ones |
| Accusative | tuqumnuqunthe family name's one (as the object) | tuqumnuqulanıthe family name's ones (as the object) | tuqumlanıqınthe family names' one (as the object) | tuqumlanıqılanıthe family names' ones (as the object) |
| Dative | tuqumnuqunato the family name's one | tuqumnuqulağato the family name's ones | tuqumlanıqınato the family names' one | tuqumlanıqılağato the family names' ones |
| Locative | tuqumnuqundain / at the family name's one | tuqumnuquladain / at the family name's ones | tuqumlanıqındain / at the family names' one | tuqumlanıqıladain / at the family names' ones |
| Ablative | tuqumnuqundanfrom the family name's one | tuqumnuquladanfrom the family name's ones | tuqumlanıqındanfrom the family names' one | tuqumlanıqıladanfrom the family names' ones |
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.