tuqum

/tuqum/

Definitions

1.(n.) family name, surname (from Persian)

sizni tuqumuğuz qalaydı — what is your family name
ata tuqum — a maiden name
tuqumu bir adamla — people of the same surname

2.(n.) clan, line, family stock (from Persian)

tuqum ata — the founder of a clan
tuqum tamada — the elder of a clan
aşhığa tuqum sorma — do not ask a good man what clan he is of

3.(n.) breed, species (from Persian)

qoynu Qaraçay tuqumu — the Karachay breed of sheep
atnı qabartı tuqumu — the Kabardian breed of horse
janıwarlanı tuqumları — the species of animals

4.(n.) kind, sort, type (from Persian)

bu qallay tuqum budaydı — what sort of wheat is this
ol tuqum işle bla küreşmeybiz — we do not deal with that sort of business
ne tuqum janı bla da — in every sort of way

5.(n.) relatives, kin, the people of one's family (from Persian)

tuqumubuz jıyılğandı — our kin have gathered
tuqumnu bağalı zatları — the treasures of the family
tuqumuna tartadı — he takes after his kin

tuqumluhavingbearing a stated family name; of the kind of, resembling in form or appearance; of good breeding stock, pedigreedtuqumsuzwithouthaving no kin, of no known family; of poor stock, not of a good breed

Found in

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Cases

	Singular	Plural	When to use it
nominative	tuqumthe family name	tuqumlathe family names	the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence
genitive	tuqumnuthe family name's	tuqumlanıthe family names'	the owner — whose it is
accusative	tuqumnuthe family name (as the object)	tuqumlanıthe family names (as the object)	a specific, known object — whom or what
dative	tuqumğato the family name	tuqumlağato the family names	direction or recipient — to where, to whom
locative	tuqumdaat / in the family name	tuqumladaat / in the family names	where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it"
ablative	tuqumdanfrom the family name	tuqumladanfrom the family names	where it comes from; also "than" when comparing

When to use each case

nominative: the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence
genitive: the owner — whose it is
accusative: a specific, known object — whom or what
dative: direction or recipient — to where, to whom
locative: where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it"
ablative: where it comes from; also "than" when comparing

The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.

With an owner

	One owned	Several owned
my	tuqumummy family name	tuqumlarımmy family names
your	tuqumungyour family name	tuqumlarıngyour family names
his / her	tuqumuhis / her family name	tuqumlarıhis / her family names
our	tuqumubuzour family name	tuqumlarıbızour family names
you all's	tuqumuğuzyou all's family name	tuqumlarığızyou all's family names
their	tuqumlarıtheir family name	tuqumlarıtheir family names

The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: tuqumları can mean "his / her family names", "their family name", or "their family names" — context decides.