horlarğa
/xorlarʁa/
1. defeat, beat, win, win a victory over, prevail
- jawnu horlarğa — to defeat the enemy
- küreşde horlarğa — to win in a fight
- biz jawnu horladıq — we defeated the enemy
- ala horladıla — they won
- sen horlarıqsa — you will win
- eki kere da biz horladıq — both times we won
- ol hıyla bla horlaydı — he wins by cunning
- bizni işibiz horlarıqdı — our cause will prevail
2. overcome, master, suppress (an illness, sleep, fear) — Also used of a louder sound drowning out a quieter one.
- awruwnu horlarğa — to overcome the illness
- juqunu horlarğa — to overcome sleepiness
- qorquwnu horlarğa — to overcome fear
- ol qorquwnu horladı — he overcame his fear
- awruwnu aş horlaydı — food overcomes illness
- qıyınlıqnı horlarğa tawkellik et — be determined to overcome hardship
3. overcome, overpower (of sleep or illness taking hold of a person) one source
- jaşçıqnı juqu horladı — sleep overcame the little boy
- anı awruw horlay başlağandı — the illness began to overpower him
Conjugation
Common forms
- horlaydıhe is defeating
- horladıhe defeated
- horlağandıhe has defeated
- horlarhe will defeat
- horlarıqdıhe is going to defeat
- horlay edihe was defeating
- horlasaif he defeats
- horla!defeat!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menhorlaymaI am defeating | senhorlaysayou are defeating | olhorlaydıhe is defeating | bizhorlaybızwe are defeating | sizhorlaysızyou all are defeating | alahorlaydılathey are defeating |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menhorlamaymaI am not defeating | senhorlamaysayou are not defeating | olhorlamaydıhe is not defeating | bizhorlamaybızwe are not defeating | sizhorlamaysızyou all are not defeating | alahorlamaydılathey are not defeating |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menhorlaymamı? horlaymıma?am I defeating? | senhorlaymısa?are you defeating? | olhorlaymıdı?is he defeating? | bizhorlaybızmı? horlaymıbız?are we defeating? | sizhorlaymısız?are you all defeating? | alahorlaymıdıla?are they defeating? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menhorlamaymamı? horlamaymıma?aren't I defeating? | senhorlamaymısa?aren't you defeating? | olhorlamaymıdı?isn't he defeating? | bizhorlamaybızmı? horlamaymıbız?aren't we defeating? | sizhorlamaymısız?aren't you all defeating? | alahorlamaymıdıla?aren't they defeating? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menhorlawçanmaI usually defeat | senhorlawçansayou usually defeat | olhorlawçandıhe usually defeats | bizhorlawçanbızwe usually defeat | sizhorlawçansızyou all usually defeat | alahorlawçandılathey usually defeat |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menhorlamawçanmaI usually don't defeat | senhorlamawçansayou usually don't defeat | olhorlamawçandıhe usually doesn't defeat | bizhorlamawçanbızwe usually don't defeat | sizhorlamawçansızyou all usually don't defeat | alahorlamawçandılathey usually don't defeat |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menhorlawçanmamı? horlawçanmıma?do I usually defeat? | senhorlawçanmısa?do you usually defeat? | olhorlawçanmıdı?does he usually defeat? | bizhorlawçanbızmı? horlawçanmıbız?do we usually defeat? | sizhorlawçanmısız?do you all usually defeat? | alahorlawçanmıdıla?do they usually defeat? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menhorlamawçanmamı? horlamawçanmıma?do I usually not defeat? | senhorlamawçanmısa?do you usually not defeat? | olhorlamawçanmıdı?does he usually not defeat? | bizhorlamawçanbızmı? horlamawçanmıbız?do we usually not defeat? | sizhorlamawçanmısız?do you all usually not defeat? | alahorlamawçanmıdıla?do they usually not defeat? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olhorlabdıhe has defeated and remains so | alahorlabdılathey have defeated and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olhorlabmıdı?has he defeated? | alahorlabmıdıla?have they defeated? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menhorlab turamaI keep defeating | senhorlab turasayou keep defeating | olhorlab turadıhe keeps defeating | bizhorlab turabızwe keep defeating | sizhorlab turasızyou all keep defeating | alahorlab turadılathey keep defeating |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menhorlab turmaymaI don't keep defeating | senhorlab turmaysayou don't keep defeating | olhorlab turmaydıhe doesn't keep defeating | bizhorlab turmaybızwe don't keep defeating | sizhorlab turmaysızyou all don't keep defeating | alahorlab turmaydılathey don't keep defeating |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menhorlab turamamı? horlab turamıma?do I keep defeating? | senhorlab turamısa?do you keep defeating? | olhorlab turamıdı?does he keep defeating? | bizhorlab turabızmı? horlab turamıbız?do we keep defeating? | sizhorlab turamısız?do you all keep defeating? | alahorlab turamıdıla?do they keep defeating? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menhorlab turmaymamı? horlab turmaymıma?don't I keep defeating? | senhorlab turmaymısa?don't you keep defeating? | olhorlab turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep defeating? | bizhorlab turmaybızmı? horlab turmaymıbız?don't we keep defeating? | sizhorlab turmaymısız?don't you all keep defeating? | alahorlab turmaymıdıla?don't they keep defeating? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menhorlay turamaI am in the middle of defeating | senhorlay turasayou are in the middle of defeating | olhorlay turadıhe is in the middle of defeating | bizhorlay turabızwe are in the middle of defeating | sizhorlay turasızyou all are in the middle of defeating | alahorlay turadılathey are in the middle of defeating |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menhorlay turmaymaI am not in the middle of defeating | senhorlay turmaysayou are not in the middle of defeating | olhorlay turmaydıhe is not in the middle of defeating | bizhorlay turmaybızwe are not in the middle of defeating | sizhorlay turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of defeating | alahorlay turmaydılathey are not in the middle of defeating |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menhorlay turamamı? horlay turamıma?am I in the middle of defeating? | senhorlay turamısa?are you in the middle of defeating? | olhorlay turamıdı?is he in the middle of defeating? | bizhorlay turabızmı? horlay turamıbız?are we in the middle of defeating? | sizhorlay turamısız?are you all in the middle of defeating? | alahorlay turamıdıla?are they in the middle of defeating? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menhorlay turmaymamı? horlay turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of defeating? | senhorlay turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of defeating? | olhorlay turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of defeating? | bizhorlay turmaybızmı? horlay turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of defeating? | sizhorlay turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of defeating? | alahorlay turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of defeating? |
| Simple past (definite) | menhorladımI defeated | senhorladıŋyou defeated | olhorladıhe defeated | bizhorladıqwe defeated | sizhorladığızyou all defeated | alahorladılathey defeated |
| Simple past (definite) | menhorlamadımI didn't defeat | senhorlamadıŋyou didn't defeat | olhorlamadıhe didn't defeat | bizhorlamadıqwe didn't defeat | sizhorlamadığızyou all didn't defeat | alahorlamadılathey didn't defeat |
| Simple past (definite) | menhorladımmı?did I defeat? | senhorladıŋmı?did you defeat? | olhorladımı?did he defeat? | bizhorladıqmı?did we defeat? | sizhorladığızmı?did you all defeat? | alahorladılamı?did they defeat? |
| Simple past (definite) | menhorlamadımmı?didn't I defeat? | senhorlamadıŋmı?didn't you defeat? | olhorlamadımı?didn't he defeat? | bizhorlamadıqmı?didn't we defeat? | sizhorlamadığızmı?didn't you all defeat? | alahorlamadılamı?didn't they defeat? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menhorlağanmaI have defeated | senhorlağansayou have defeated | olhorlağandıhe has defeated | bizhorlağanbızwe have defeated | sizhorlağansızyou all have defeated | alahorlağandılathey have defeated |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menhorlamağanmaI haven't defeated | senhorlamağansayou haven't defeated | olhorlamağandıhe hasn't defeated | bizhorlamağanbızwe haven't defeated | sizhorlamağansızyou all haven't defeated | alahorlamağandılathey haven't defeated |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menhorlağanmamı? horlağanmıma?have I defeated? | senhorlağanmısa?have you defeated? | olhorlağanmıdı?has he defeated? | bizhorlağanbızmı? horlağanmıbız?have we defeated? | sizhorlağanmısız?have you all defeated? | alahorlağanmıdıla?have they defeated? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menhorlamağanmamı? horlamağanmıma?haven't I defeated? | senhorlamağanmısa?haven't you defeated? | olhorlamağanmıdı?hasn't he defeated? | bizhorlamağanbızmı? horlamağanmıbız?haven't we defeated? | sizhorlamağanmısız?haven't you all defeated? | alahorlamağanmıdıla?haven't they defeated? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menhorlab turdumI kept defeating | senhorlab turduŋyou kept defeating | olhorlab turduhe kept defeating | bizhorlab turduqwe kept defeating | sizhorlab turduğuzyou all kept defeating | alahorlab turdulathey kept defeating |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menhorlab turmadımI didn't keep defeating | senhorlab turmadıŋyou didn't keep defeating | olhorlab turmadıhe didn't keep defeating | bizhorlab turmadıqwe didn't keep defeating | sizhorlab turmadığızyou all didn't keep defeating | alahorlab turmadılathey didn't keep defeating |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menhorlarmaI will defeat | senhorlarsayou will defeat | olhorlarhe will defeat | bizhorlarbızwe will defeat | sizhorlarsızyou all will defeat | alahorlarlathey will defeat |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menhorlamazmaI won't defeat | senhorlamazsayou won't defeat | olhorlamazhe won't defeat | bizhorlamazbızwe won't defeat | sizhorlamazsızyou all won't defeat | alahorlamazlathey won't defeat |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menhorlarmamı? horlarmıma?will I defeat? | senhorlarmısa?will you defeat? | olhorlarmı?will he defeat? | bizhorlarbızmı? horlarmıbız?will we defeat? | sizhorlarmısız?will you all defeat? | alahorlarlamı? horlarmıla?will they defeat? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menhorlamazmamı? horlamazmıma?won't I defeat? | senhorlamazmısa?won't you defeat? | olhorlamazmı?won't he defeat? | bizhorlamazbızmı? horlamazmıbız?won't we defeat? | sizhorlamazmısız?won't you all defeat? | alahorlamazlamı? horlamazmıla?won't they defeat? |
| Definite future (future II) | menhorlarıqmaI am going to defeat | senhorlarıqsayou are going to defeat | olhorlarıqdıhe is going to defeat | bizhorlarıqbızwe are going to defeat | sizhorlarıqsızyou all are going to defeat | alahorlarıqdılathey are going to defeat |
| Definite future (future II) | menhorlarıq tülmeI am not going to defeat | senhorlarıq tülseyou are not going to defeat | olhorlarıq tüldühe is not going to defeat | bizhorlarıq tülbüzwe are not going to defeat | sizhorlarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to defeat | alahorlarıq tüldülethey are not going to defeat |
| Definite future (future II) | menhorlarıqmamı? horlarıqmıma?am I going to defeat? | senhorlarıqmısa?are you going to defeat? | olhorlarıqmıdı?is he going to defeat? | bizhorlarıqbızmı? horlarıqmıbız?are we going to defeat? | sizhorlarıqmısız?are you all going to defeat? | alahorlarıqmıdıla?are they going to defeat? |
| Definite future (future II) | menhorlarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to defeat? | senhorlarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to defeat? | olhorlarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to defeat? | bizhorlarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to defeat? | sizhorlarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to defeat? | alahorlarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to defeat? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menhorlağan edimhorlağanemI had defeated | senhorlağan ediŋhorlağaneŋyou had defeated | olhorlağan edihorlağanedhe had defeated | bizhorlağan edikhorlağanekwe had defeated | sizhorlağan edigizhorlağanegizyou all had defeated | alahorlağan edilehorlağanellethey had defeated |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menhorlamağan edimhorlamağanemI hadn't defeated | senhorlamağan ediŋhorlamağaneŋyou hadn't defeated | olhorlamağan edihorlamağanedhe hadn't defeated | bizhorlamağan edikhorlamağanekwe hadn't defeated | sizhorlamağan edigizhorlamağanegizyou all hadn't defeated | alahorlamağan edilehorlamağanellethey hadn't defeated |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menhorlay edimhorlayemI was defeating | senhorlay ediŋhorlayeŋyou were defeating | olhorlay edihorlayedhe was defeating | bizhorlay edikhorlayekwe were defeating | sizhorlay edigizhorlayegizyou all were defeating | alahorlay edilehorlayellethey were defeating |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menhorlamay edimhorlamayemI wasn't defeating | senhorlamay ediŋhorlamayeŋyou weren't defeating | olhorlamay edihorlamayedhe wasn't defeating | bizhorlamay edikhorlamayekwe weren't defeating | sizhorlamay edigizhorlamayegizyou all weren't defeating | alahorlamay edilehorlamayellethey weren't defeating |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menhorlawçan edimhorlawçanemI used to defeat | senhorlawçan ediŋhorlawçaneŋyou used to defeat | olhorlawçan edihorlawçanedhe used to defeat | bizhorlawçan edikhorlawçanekwe used to defeat | sizhorlawçan edigizhorlawçanegizyou all used to defeat | alahorlawçan edilehorlawçanellethey used to defeat |
| Habitual past (used to) | menhorlamawçan edimhorlamawçanemI didn't use to defeat | senhorlamawçan ediŋhorlamawçaneŋyou didn't use to defeat | olhorlamawçan edihorlamawçanedhe didn't use to defeat | bizhorlamawçan edikhorlamawçanekwe didn't use to defeat | sizhorlamawçan edigizhorlamawçanegizyou all didn't use to defeat | alahorlamawçan edilehorlamawçanellethey didn't use to defeat |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olhorlab edihe had defeated and remained so | alahorlab edilethey had defeated and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olhorlab tül edihe hadn't defeated | alahorlab tül edilethey hadn't defeated | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menhorlab tura edimhorlab turaemI had kept defeating | senhorlab tura ediŋhorlab turaeŋyou had kept defeating | olhorlab tura edihorlab turaedhe had kept defeating | bizhorlab tura edikhorlab turaekwe had kept defeating | sizhorlab tura edigizhorlab turaegizyou all had kept defeating | alahorlab tura edilehorlab turaellethey had kept defeating |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menhorlab turmay edimhorlab turmayemI hadn't kept defeating | senhorlab turmay ediŋhorlab turmayeŋyou hadn't kept defeating | olhorlab turmay edihorlab turmayedhe hadn't kept defeating | bizhorlab turmay edikhorlab turmayekwe hadn't kept defeating | sizhorlab turmay edigizhorlab turmayegizyou all hadn't kept defeating | alahorlab turmay edilehorlab turmayellethey hadn't kept defeating |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menhorlay tura edimhorlay turaemI was in the middle of defeating | senhorlay tura ediŋhorlay turaeŋyou were in the middle of defeating | olhorlay tura edihorlay turaedhe was in the middle of defeating | bizhorlay tura edikhorlay turaekwe were in the middle of defeating | sizhorlay tura edigizhorlay turaegizyou all were in the middle of defeating | alahorlay tura edilehorlay turaellethey were in the middle of defeating |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menhorlay turmay edimhorlay turmayemI wasn't in the middle of defeating | senhorlay turmay ediŋhorlay turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of defeating | olhorlay turmay edihorlay turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of defeating | bizhorlay turmay edikhorlay turmayekwe weren't in the middle of defeating | sizhorlay turmay edigizhorlay turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of defeating | alahorlay turmay edilehorlay turmayellethey weren't in the middle of defeating |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menhorlar edimhorlar emI would defeat | senhorlar ediŋhorlar eŋyou would defeat | olhorlar edihorlar edhe would defeat | bizhorlar edikhorlar ekwe would defeat | sizhorlar edigizhorlar egizyou all would defeat | alahorlar edilehorlar ellethey would defeat |
| Conditional result (would) | menhorlamaz edimhorlamaz emI wouldn't defeat | senhorlamaz ediŋhorlamaz eŋyou wouldn't defeat | olhorlamaz edihorlamaz edhe wouldn't defeat | bizhorlamaz edikhorlamaz ekwe wouldn't defeat | sizhorlamaz edigizhorlamaz egizyou all wouldn't defeat | alahorlamaz edilehorlamaz ellethey wouldn't defeat |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menhorlarıq edimhorlarıq emI would have defeated | senhorlarıq ediŋhorlarıq eŋyou would have defeated | olhorlarıq edihorlarıq edhe would have defeated | bizhorlarıq edikhorlarıq ekwe would have defeated | sizhorlarıq edigizhorlarıq egizyou all would have defeated | alahorlarıq edilehorlarıq ellethey would have defeated |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menhorlarıq tül edimhorlarıq tül emI wouldn't have defeated | senhorlarıq tül ediŋhorlarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have defeated | olhorlarıq tül edihorlarıq tül edhe wouldn't have defeated | bizhorlarıq tül edikhorlarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have defeated | sizhorlarıq tül edigizhorlarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have defeated | alahorlarıq tül edilehorlarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have defeated |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menhorlasamif I defeat | senhorlasaŋif you defeat | olhorlasaif he defeats | bizhorlasaqif we defeat | sizhorlasağızif you all defeat | alahorlasalaif they defeat |
| Conditional | menhorlamasamif I don't defeat | senhorlamasaŋif you don't defeat | olhorlamasaif he doesn't defeat | bizhorlamasaqif we don't defeat | sizhorlamasağızif you all don't defeat | alahorlamasalaif they don't defeat |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menhorlay esemif I am defeating | senhorlay eseŋif you are defeating | olhorlay eseif he is defeating | bizhorlay esekif we are defeating | sizhorlay esegizif you all are defeating | alahorlay eseleif they are defeating |
| Conditional, present real | menhorlamay esemif I am not defeating | senhorlamay eseŋif you are not defeating | olhorlamay eseif he is not defeating | bizhorlamay esekif we are not defeating | sizhorlamay esegizif you all are not defeating | alahorlamay eseleif they are not defeating |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menhorlasam edihorlasam edif only I defeated | senhorlasaŋ edihorlasaŋ edif only you defeated | olhorlasa edihorlasaedif only he defeated | bizhorlasaq edihorlasaq edif only we defeated | sizhorlasağız edihorlasağız edif only you all defeated | alahorlasala edihorlasalaedif only they defeated |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menhorlamasam edihorlamasam edif only I didn't defeat | senhorlamasaŋ edihorlamasaŋ edif only you didn't defeat | olhorlamasa edihorlamasaedif only he didn't defeat | bizhorlamasaq edihorlamasaq edif only we didn't defeat | sizhorlamasağız edihorlamasağız edif only you all didn't defeat | alahorlamasala edihorlamasalaedif only they didn't defeat |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menhorlab tursamif I carry on defeating | senhorlab tursaŋif you carry on defeating | olhorlab tursaif he carries on defeating | bizhorlab tursaqif we carry on defeating | sizhorlab tursağızif you all carry on defeating | alahorlab tursalaif they carry on defeating |
| Durative conditional | menhorlab turmasamif I don't carry on defeating | senhorlab turmasaŋif you don't carry on defeating | olhorlab turmasaif he doesn't carry on defeating | bizhorlab turmasaqif we don't carry on defeating | sizhorlab turmasağızif you all don't carry on defeating | alahorlab turmasalaif they don't carry on defeating |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menhorlab tura esemif I have kept defeating | senhorlab tura eseŋif you have kept defeating | olhorlab tura eseif he has kept defeating | bizhorlab tura esekif we have kept defeating | sizhorlab tura esegizif you all have kept defeating | alahorlab tura eseleif they have kept defeating |
| Durative conditional, present real | menhorlab turmay esemif I haven't kept defeating | senhorlab turmay eseŋif you haven't kept defeating | olhorlab turmay eseif he hasn't kept defeating | bizhorlab turmay esekif we haven't kept defeating | sizhorlab turmay esegizif you all haven't kept defeating | alahorlab turmay eseleif they haven't kept defeating |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menhorlay tursamif I keep defeating | senhorlay tursaŋif you keep defeating | olhorlay tursaif he keeps defeating | bizhorlay tursaqif we keep defeating | sizhorlay tursağızif you all keep defeating | alahorlay tursalaif they keep defeating |
| Progressive conditional | menhorlamay tursamif I keep on not defeating | senhorlamay tursaŋif you keep on not defeating | olhorlamay tursaif he keeps on not defeating | bizhorlamay tursaqif we keep on not defeating | sizhorlamay tursağızif you all keep on not defeating | alahorlamay tursalaif they keep on not defeating |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menhorlay tura esemif I am in the middle of defeating | senhorlay tura eseŋif you are in the middle of defeating | olhorlay tura eseif he is in the middle of defeating | bizhorlay tura esekif we are in the middle of defeating | sizhorlay tura esegizif you all are in the middle of defeating | alahorlay tura eseleif they are in the middle of defeating |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menhorlamay tura esemif I keep on not defeating | senhorlamay tura eseŋif you keep on not defeating | olhorlamay tura eseif he keeps on not defeating | bizhorlamay tura esekif we keep on not defeating | sizhorlamay tura esegizif you all keep on not defeating | alahorlamay tura eseleif they keep on not defeating |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menhorladım esemif I defeated | senhorladıŋ eseŋif you defeated | olhorladı eseif he defeated | bizhorladıq esekif we defeated | sizhorladığız esegizif you all defeated | alahorladıla eseleif they defeated |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menhorlamadım esemif I didn't defeat | senhorlamadıŋ eseŋif you didn't defeat | olhorlamadı eseif he didn't defeat | bizhorlamadıq esekif we didn't defeat | sizhorlamadığız esegizif you all didn't defeat | alahorlamadıla eseleif they didn't defeat |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menhorlağan esemif I did defeat (indeed) | senhorlağan eseŋif you did defeat (indeed) | olhorlağan eseif he did defeat (indeed) | bizhorlağan esekif we did defeat (indeed) | sizhorlağan esegizif you all did defeat (indeed) | alahorlağan eseleif they did defeat (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menhorlamağan esemif I didn't defeat (indeed) | senhorlamağan eseŋif you didn't defeat (indeed) | olhorlamağan eseif he didn't defeat (indeed) | bizhorlamağan esekif we didn't defeat (indeed) | sizhorlamağan esegizif you all didn't defeat (indeed) | alahorlamağan eseleif they didn't defeat (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menhorlağan bolsamif I had defeated | senhorlağan bolsaŋif you had defeated | olhorlağan bolsaif he had defeated | bizhorlağan bolsaqif we had defeated | sizhorlağan bolsağızif you all had defeated | alahorlağan bolsalaif they had defeated |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menhorlamağan bolsamif I hadn't defeated | senhorlamağan bolsaŋif you hadn't defeated | olhorlamağan bolsaif he hadn't defeated | bizhorlamağan bolsaqif we hadn't defeated | sizhorlamağan bolsağızif you all hadn't defeated | alahorlamağan bolsalaif they hadn't defeated |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menhorlağan bolsam edihorlağan bolsam edif only I had defeated | senhorlağan bolsaŋ edihorlağan bolsaŋ edif only you had defeated | olhorlağan bolsa edihorlağan bolsaedif only he had defeated | bizhorlağan bolsaq edihorlağan bolsaq edif only we had defeated | sizhorlağan bolsağız edihorlağan bolsağız edif only you all had defeated | alahorlağan bolsala edihorlağan bolsalaedif only they had defeated |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menhorlamağan bolsam edihorlamağan bolsam edif only I hadn't defeated | senhorlamağan bolsaŋ edihorlamağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't defeated | olhorlamağan bolsa edihorlamağan bolsaedif only he hadn't defeated | bizhorlamağan bolsaq edihorlamağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't defeated | sizhorlamağan bolsağız edihorlamağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't defeated | alahorlamağan bolsala edihorlamağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't defeated |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menhorlar esemif I will defeat | senhorlar eseŋif you will defeat | olhorlar eseif he will defeat | bizhorlar esekif we will defeat | sizhorlar esegizif you all will defeat | alahorlar eseleif they will defeat |
| Conditional, aorist | menhorlamaz esemif I won't defeat | senhorlamaz eseŋif you won't defeat | olhorlamaz eseif he won't defeat | bizhorlamaz esekif we won't defeat | sizhorlamaz esegizif you all won't defeat | alahorlamaz eseleif they won't defeat |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menhorlarıq esemif I am going to defeat | senhorlarıq eseŋif you are going to defeat | olhorlarıq eseif he is going to defeat | bizhorlarıq esekif we are going to defeat | sizhorlarıq esegizif you all are going to defeat | alahorlarıq eseleif they are going to defeat |
| Conditional, future | menhorlarıq tül esemif I am not going to defeat | senhorlarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to defeat | olhorlarıq tül eseif he is not going to defeat | bizhorlarıq tül esekif we are not going to defeat | sizhorlarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to defeat | alahorlarıq tül eseleif they are not going to defeat |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menhorlarıq bolsamif I were going to defeat | senhorlarıq bolsaŋif you were going to defeat | olhorlarıq bolsaif he were going to defeat | bizhorlarıq bolsaqif we were going to defeat | sizhorlarıq bolsağızif you all were going to defeat | alahorlarıq bolsalaif they were going to defeat |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menhorlamazlıq bolsamif I were not going to defeat | senhorlamazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to defeat | olhorlamazlıq bolsaif he were not going to defeat | bizhorlamazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to defeat | sizhorlamazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to defeat | alahorlamazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to defeat |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso horladıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menhorlay bolurmaI must be defeating | senhorlay bolursayou must be defeating | olhorlay bolurhe must be defeating | bizhorlay bolurbuzwe must be defeating | sizhorlay bolursuzyou all must be defeating | alahorlay bolurlathey must be defeating |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menhorlamay bolurmaI must not be defeating | senhorlamay bolursayou must not be defeating | olhorlamay bolurhe must not be defeating | bizhorlamay bolurbuzwe must not be defeating | sizhorlamay bolursuzyou all must not be defeating | alahorlamay bolurlathey must not be defeating |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menhorlay tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of defeating | senhorlay tura bolursayou must be in the middle of defeating | olhorlay tura bolurhe must be in the middle of defeating | bizhorlay tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of defeating | sizhorlay tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of defeating | alahorlay tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of defeating |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menhorlamay tura bolurmaI must keep on not defeating | senhorlamay tura bolursayou must keep on not defeating | olhorlamay tura bolurhe must keep on not defeating | bizhorlamay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not defeating | sizhorlamay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not defeating | alahorlamay tura bolurlathey must keep on not defeating |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menhorlağan bolurmaI must have defeated | senhorlağan bolursayou must have defeated | olhorlağan bolurhe must have defeated | bizhorlağan bolurbuzwe must have defeated | sizhorlağan bolursuzyou all must have defeated | alahorlağan bolurlathey must have defeated |
| Inference (must have) | menhorlamağan bolurmaI must not have defeated | senhorlamağan bolursayou must not have defeated | olhorlamağan bolurhe must not have defeated | bizhorlamağan bolurbuzwe must not have defeated | sizhorlamağan bolursuzyou all must not have defeated | alahorlamağan bolurlathey must not have defeated |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menhorlarıq bolurmaI must be going to defeat | senhorlarıq bolursayou must be going to defeat | olhorlarıq bolurhe must be going to defeat | bizhorlarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to defeat | sizhorlarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to defeat | alahorlarıq bolurlathey must be going to defeat |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menhorlamazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to defeat | senhorlamazlıq bolursayou must not be going to defeat | olhorlamazlıq bolurhe must not be going to defeat | bizhorlamazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to defeat | sizhorlamazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to defeat | alahorlamazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to defeat |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menhorlayımlet me defeat | senhorla!defeat! | olhorlasınlet him defeat | bizhorlayıqlet's defeat | sizhorlağız!defeat, you all! | alahorlasınlalet them defeat |
| Commands & suggestions | menhorlamayımlet me not defeat | senhorlama!don't defeat! | olhorlamasınlet him not defeat | bizhorlamayıqlet's not defeat | sizhorlamağız!don't defeat, you all! | alahorlamasınlalet them not defeat |
| Commands & suggestions | menhorlayımmı?shall I defeat? | olhorlasınmı?should he defeat? | bizhorlayıqmı?shall we defeat? | alahorlasınlamı?should they defeat? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menhorlamayımmı?shall I not defeat? | olhorlamasınmı?should he not defeat? | bizhorlamayıqmı?shall we not defeat? | alahorlamasınlamı?should they not defeat? | ||
| Requests | senhorlaçı2horlaçınplease defeat | olhorlasınçıdo let him defeat | sizhorlaçığızplease defeat (plural/polite) | alahorlasınlaçıdo let them defeat | ||
| Requests | senhorlamaçı2horlamaçınplease don't defeat | olhorlamasınçıdo let him not defeat | sizhorlamaçığızplease don't defeat (plural/polite) | alahorlamasınlaçıdo let them not defeat | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senhorlağınhorlağımay you defeat | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senhorlamağınhorlamağımay you not defeat | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menhorlağay edim horlağa edimwould that I defeated | senhorlağay ediŋ horlağa ediŋwould that you defeated | olhorlağay edi horlağa ediwould that he defeated | bizhorlağay edik horlağa edikwould that we defeated | sizhorlağay edigiz horlağa edigizwould that you all defeated | alahorlağay edile horlağa edilewould that they defeated |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menhorlamağay edim horlamağa edimwould that I did not defeat | senhorlamağay ediŋ horlamağa ediŋwould that you did not defeat | olhorlamağay edi horlamağa ediwould that he did not defeat | bizhorlamağay edik horlamağa edikwould that we did not defeat | sizhorlamağay edigiz horlamağa edigizwould that you all did not defeat | alahorlamağay edile horlamağa edilewould that they did not defeat |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menhorlamağa qoyayımhorlama qoyayımlet me allow someone to defeat | senhorlamağa qoy!horlama qoy!let someone defeat! | olhorlamağa qoysunhorlama qoysunlet him allow someone to defeat | bizhorlamağa qoyayıqhorlama qoyayıqlet's allow someone to defeat | sizhorlamağa qoyuğuz!horlama qoyuğuz!let someone defeat, you all! | alahorlamağa qoysunlahorlama qoysunlalet them allow someone to defeat |
| Let someone… (commands) | menhorlamağa qoymayımhorlama qoymayımlet me not allow someone to defeat | senhorlamağa qoyma!horlama qoyma!don't let someone defeat! | olhorlamağa qoymasınhorlama qoymasınlet him not allow someone to defeat | bizhorlamağa qoymayıqhorlama qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to defeat | sizhorlamağa qoymağız!horlama qoymağız!don't let someone defeat, you all! | alahorlamağa qoymasınlahorlama qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to defeat |
| Let someone… (commands) | menhorlamağa qoyayımmı?horlama qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to defeat? | olhorlamağa qoysunmu?horlama qoysunmu?should he allow someone to defeat? | bizhorlamağa qoyayıqmı?horlama qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to defeat? | alahorlamağa qoysunlamı?horlama qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to defeat? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menhorlamağa qoymayımmı?horlama qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to defeat? | olhorlamağa qoymasınmı?horlama qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to defeat? | bizhorlamağa qoymayıqmı?horlama qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to defeat? | alahorlamağa qoymasınlamı?horlama qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to defeat? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menhorlamağa qoyamahorlama qoyamaI allow someone to defeat | senhorlamağa qoyasahorlama qoyasayou allow someone to defeat | olhorlamağa qoyadıhorlama qoyadıhe allows someone to defeat | bizhorlamağa qoyabızhorlama qoyabızwe allow someone to defeat | sizhorlamağa qoyasızhorlama qoyasızyou all allow someone to defeat | alahorlamağa qoyadılahorlama qoyadılathey allow someone to defeat |
| Let someone… (present) | menhorlamağa qoymaymahorlama qoymaymaI don't allow someone to defeat | senhorlamağa qoymaysahorlama qoymaysayou don't allow someone to defeat | olhorlamağa qoymaydıhorlama qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to defeat | bizhorlamağa qoymaybızhorlama qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to defeat | sizhorlamağa qoymaysızhorlama qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to defeat | alahorlamağa qoymaydılahorlama qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to defeat |
| Let someone… (present) | menhorlamağa qoyamamı?horlama qoyamamı?do I allow someone to defeat? | senhorlamağa qoyamısa?horlama qoyamısa?do you allow someone to defeat? | olhorlamağa qoyamıdı?horlama qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to defeat? | bizhorlamağa qoyabızmı?horlama qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to defeat? | sizhorlamağa qoyamısız?horlama qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to defeat? | alahorlamağa qoyamıdıla?horlama qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to defeat? |
| Let someone… (present) | menhorlamağa qoymaymamı?horlama qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to defeat? | senhorlamağa qoymaymısa?horlama qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to defeat? | olhorlamağa qoymaymıdı?horlama qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to defeat? | bizhorlamağa qoymaybızmı?horlama qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to defeat? | sizhorlamağa qoymaymısız?horlama qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to defeat? | alahorlamağa qoymaymıdıla?horlama qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to defeat? |
| Let someone… (past) | menhorlamağa qoydumhorlama qoydumI allowed someone to defeat | senhorlamağa qoyduŋhorlama qoyduŋyou allowed someone to defeat | olhorlamağa qoyduhorlama qoyduhe allowed someone to defeat | bizhorlamağa qoyduqhorlama qoyduqwe allowed someone to defeat | sizhorlamağa qoyduğuzhorlama qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to defeat | alahorlamağa qoydulahorlama qoydulathey allowed someone to defeat |
| Let someone… (past) | menhorlamağa qoymadımhorlama qoymadımI didn't allow someone to defeat | senhorlamağa qoymadıŋhorlama qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to defeat | olhorlamağa qoymadıhorlama qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to defeat | bizhorlamağa qoymadıqhorlama qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to defeat | sizhorlamağa qoymadığızhorlama qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to defeat | alahorlamağa qoymadılahorlama qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to defeat |
| Let someone… (past) | menhorlamağa qoydummu?horlama qoydummu?did I allow someone to defeat? | senhorlamağa qoyduŋmu?horlama qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to defeat? | olhorlamağa qoydumu?horlama qoydumu?did he allow someone to defeat? | bizhorlamağa qoyduqmu?horlama qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to defeat? | sizhorlamağa qoyduğuzmu?horlama qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to defeat? | alahorlamağa qoydulamı?horlama qoydulamı?did they allow someone to defeat? |
| Let someone… (past) | menhorlamağa qoymadımmı?horlama qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to defeat? | senhorlamağa qoymadıŋmı?horlama qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to defeat? | olhorlamağa qoymadımı?horlama qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to defeat? | bizhorlamağa qoymadıqmı?horlama qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to defeat? | sizhorlamağa qoymadığızmı?horlama qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to defeat? | alahorlamağa qoymadılamı?horlama qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to defeat? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
horlayalırğa be able to defeat · horlayalmazğa be unable to defeat
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menhorlayalamaI can defeat | senhorlayalasayou can defeat | olhorlayaladıhe can defeat | bizhorlayalabızwe can defeat | sizhorlayalasızyou all can defeat | alahorlayaladılathey can defeat |
| Ability — present | menhorlayalmaymaI can't defeat | senhorlayalmaysayou can't defeat | olhorlayalmaydıhe can't defeat | bizhorlayalmaybızwe can't defeat | sizhorlayalmaysızyou all can't defeat | alahorlayalmaydılathey can't defeat |
| Ability — present | menhorlayalamamı? horlayalamıma?can I defeat? | senhorlayalamısa?can you defeat? | olhorlayalamıdı?can he defeat? | bizhorlayalabızmı? horlayalamıbız?can we defeat? | sizhorlayalamısız?can you all defeat? | alahorlayalamıdıla?can they defeat? |
| Ability — present | menhorlayalmaymamı? horlayalmaymıma?can't I defeat? | senhorlayalmaymısa?can't you defeat? | olhorlayalmaymıdı?can't he defeat? | bizhorlayalmaybızmı? horlayalmaymıbız?can't we defeat? | sizhorlayalmaymısız?can't you all defeat? | alahorlayalmaymıdıla?can't they defeat? |
| Ability — if I can… | menhorlayalsamif I can defeat | senhorlayalsaŋif you can defeat | olhorlayalsaif he can defeat | bizhorlayalsaqif we can defeat | sizhorlayalsağızif you all can defeat | alahorlayalsalaif they can defeat |
| Ability — if I can… | menhorlayalmasamif I can't defeat | senhorlayalmasaŋif you can't defeat | olhorlayalmasaif he can't defeat | bizhorlayalmasaqif we can't defeat | sizhorlayalmasağızif you all can't defeat | alahorlayalmasalaif they can't defeat |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menhorlayaldımI was able to defeat | senhorlayaldıŋyou were able to defeat | olhorlayaldıhe was able to defeat | bizhorlayaldıqwe were able to defeat | sizhorlayaldığızyou all were able to defeat | alahorlayaldılathey were able to defeat |
| Ability — simple past | menhorlayalmadımI could not defeat | senhorlayalmadıŋyou could not defeat | olhorlayalmadıhe could not defeat | bizhorlayalmadıqwe could not defeat | sizhorlayalmadığızyou all could not defeat | alahorlayalmadılathey could not defeat |
| Ability — simple past | menhorlayaldımmı?was I able to defeat? | senhorlayaldıŋmı?were you able to defeat? | olhorlayaldımı?was he able to defeat? | bizhorlayaldıqmı?were we able to defeat? | sizhorlayaldığızmı?were you all able to defeat? | alahorlayaldılamı?were they able to defeat? |
| Ability — simple past | menhorlayalmadımmı?couldn't I defeat? | senhorlayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you defeat? | olhorlayalmadımı?couldn't he defeat? | bizhorlayalmadıqmı?couldn't we defeat? | sizhorlayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all defeat? | alahorlayalmadılamı?couldn't they defeat? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menhorlayalğanmaI have been able to defeat | senhorlayalğansayou have been able to defeat | olhorlayalğandıhe has been able to defeat | bizhorlayalğanbızwe have been able to defeat | sizhorlayalğansızyou all have been able to defeat | alahorlayalğandılathey have been able to defeat |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menhorlayalmağanmaI haven't been able to defeat | senhorlayalmağansayou haven't been able to defeat | olhorlayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to defeat | bizhorlayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to defeat | sizhorlayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to defeat | alahorlayalmağandılathey haven't been able to defeat |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menhorlayalğanmamı? horlayalğanmıma?have I been able to defeat? | senhorlayalğanmısa?have you been able to defeat? | olhorlayalğanmıdı?has he been able to defeat? | bizhorlayalğanbızmı? horlayalğanmıbız?have we been able to defeat? | sizhorlayalğanmısız?have you all been able to defeat? | alahorlayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to defeat? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menhorlayalmağanmamı? horlayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to defeat? | senhorlayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to defeat? | olhorlayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to defeat? | bizhorlayalmağanbızmı? horlayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to defeat? | sizhorlayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to defeat? | alahorlayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to defeat? |
| Ability — past perfect | menhorlayalğan edimhorlayalğanemI had been able to defeat | senhorlayalğan ediŋhorlayalğaneŋyou had been able to defeat | olhorlayalğan edihorlayalğanedhe had been able to defeat | bizhorlayalğan edikhorlayalğanekwe had been able to defeat | sizhorlayalğan edigizhorlayalğanegizyou all had been able to defeat | alahorlayalğan edilehorlayalğanellethey had been able to defeat |
| Ability — past perfect | menhorlayalmağan edimhorlayalmağanemI hadn't been able to defeat | senhorlayalmağan ediŋhorlayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to defeat | olhorlayalmağan edihorlayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to defeat | bizhorlayalmağan edikhorlayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to defeat | sizhorlayalmağan edigizhorlayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to defeat | alahorlayalmağan edilehorlayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to defeat |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menhorlayala edimhorlayalaemI could defeat | senhorlayala ediŋhorlayalaeŋyou could defeat | olhorlayala edihorlayalaedhe could defeat | bizhorlayala edikhorlayalaekwe could defeat | sizhorlayala edigizhorlayalaegizyou all could defeat | alahorlayala edilehorlayalaellethey could defeat |
| Ability — past background | menhorlayalmay edimhorlayalmayemI could not defeat | senhorlayalmay ediŋhorlayalmayeŋyou could not defeat | olhorlayalmay edihorlayalmayedhe could not defeat | bizhorlayalmay edikhorlayalmayekwe could not defeat | sizhorlayalmay edigizhorlayalmayegizyou all could not defeat | alahorlayalmay edilehorlayalmayellethey could not defeat |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menhorlayalırmaI will be able to defeat | senhorlayalırsayou will be able to defeat | olhorlayalırhe will be able to defeat | bizhorlayalırbızwe will be able to defeat | sizhorlayalırsızyou all will be able to defeat | alahorlayalırlathey will be able to defeat |
| Ability — future I | menhorlayalmazmaI won't be able to defeat | senhorlayalmazsayou won't be able to defeat | olhorlayalmazhe won't be able to defeat | bizhorlayalmazbızwe won't be able to defeat | sizhorlayalmazsızyou all won't be able to defeat | alahorlayalmazlathey won't be able to defeat |
| Ability — future I | menhorlayalırmamı? horlayalırmıma?will I be able to defeat? | senhorlayalırmısa?will you be able to defeat? | olhorlayalırmı?will he be able to defeat? | bizhorlayalırbızmı? horlayalırmıbız?will we be able to defeat? | sizhorlayalırmısız?will you all be able to defeat? | alahorlayalırlamı? horlayalırmıla?will they be able to defeat? |
| Ability — future I | menhorlayalmazmamı? horlayalmazmıma?won't I be able to defeat? | senhorlayalmazmısa?won't you be able to defeat? | olhorlayalmazmı?won't he be able to defeat? | bizhorlayalmazbızmı? horlayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to defeat? | sizhorlayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to defeat? | alahorlayalmazlamı? horlayalmazmıla?won't they be able to defeat? |
| Ability — future II | menhorlayallıqmaI am going to be able to defeat | senhorlayallıqsayou are going to be able to defeat | olhorlayallıqdıhe is going to be able to defeat | bizhorlayallıqbızwe are going to be able to defeat | sizhorlayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to defeat | alahorlayallıqdılathey are going to be able to defeat |
| Ability — future II | menhorlayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to defeat | senhorlayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to defeat | olhorlayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to defeat | bizhorlayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to defeat | sizhorlayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to defeat | alahorlayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to defeat |
| Ability — future II | menhorlayallıqmamı? horlayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to defeat? | senhorlayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to defeat? | olhorlayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to defeat? | bizhorlayallıqbızmı? horlayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to defeat? | sizhorlayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to defeat? | alahorlayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to defeat? |
| Ability — future II | menhorlayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to defeat? | senhorlayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to defeat? | olhorlayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to defeat? | bizhorlayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to defeat? | sizhorlayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to defeat? | alahorlayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to defeat? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menhorlayalır edimhorlayalır emI would be able to defeat | senhorlayalır ediŋhorlayalır eŋyou would be able to defeat | olhorlayalır edihorlayalır edhe would be able to defeat | bizhorlayalır edikhorlayalır ekwe would be able to defeat | sizhorlayalır edigizhorlayalır egizyou all would be able to defeat | alahorlayalır edilehorlayalır ellethey would be able to defeat |
| Ability — would be able to… | menhorlayalmaz edimhorlayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to defeat | senhorlayalmaz ediŋhorlayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to defeat | olhorlayalmaz edihorlayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to defeat | bizhorlayalmaz edikhorlayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to defeat | sizhorlayalmaz edigizhorlayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to defeat | alahorlayalmaz edilehorlayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to defeat |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senhorlayalğınhorlayalğımay you be able to defeat | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senhorlayalmağınhorlayalmağımay you not be able to defeat | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menhorlarğa izleymeI want to defeat | senhorlarğa izleyseyou want to defeat | olhorlarğa izleydihe wants to defeat | bizhorlarğa izleybizwe want to defeat | sizhorlarğa izleysizyou all want to defeat | alahorlarğa izleydilethey want to defeat |
| want to | menhorlarğa izlemeymeI do not want to defeat | senhorlarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to defeat | olhorlarğa izlemeydihe does not want to defeat | bizhorlarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to defeat | sizhorlarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to defeat | alahorlarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to defeat |
| would like to | menhorlarğa süemeI would like to defeat | senhorlarğa süeseyou would like to defeat | olhorlarğa süedihe would like to defeat | bizhorlarğa süebizwe would like to defeat | sizhorlarğa süesizyou all would like to defeat | alahorlarğa süedilethey would like to defeat |
| would like to | menhorlarğa süymeymeI would not like to defeat | senhorlarğa süymeyseyou would not like to defeat | olhorlarğa süymeydihe would not like to defeat | bizhorlarğa süymeybizwe would not like to defeat | sizhorlarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to defeat | alahorlarğa süymeydilethey would not like to defeat |
| hope to | menhorlarğa umutlanamaI hope to defeat | senhorlarğa umutlanasayou hope to defeat | olhorlarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to defeat | bizhorlarğa umutlanabızwe hope to defeat | sizhorlarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to defeat | alahorlarğa umutlanadılathey hope to defeat |
| hope to | menhorlarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to defeat | senhorlarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to defeat | olhorlarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to defeat | bizhorlarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to defeat | sizhorlarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to defeat | alahorlarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to defeat |
| be about to | menhorlarğa deb turamaI am about to defeat | senhorlarğa deb turasayou are about to defeat | olhorlarğa deb turadıhe is about to defeat | bizhorlarğa deb turabızwe are about to defeat | sizhorlarğa deb turasızyou all are about to defeat | alahorlarğa deb turadılathey are about to defeat |
| be about to | menhorlarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to defeat | senhorlarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to defeat | olhorlarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to defeat | bizhorlarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to defeat | sizhorlarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to defeat | alahorlarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to defeat |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menhorlarğa kerekmeI need to defeat | senhorlarğa kerekseyou need to defeat | olhorlarğa kerekdihe needs to defeat | bizhorlarğa kerekbizwe need to defeat | sizhorlarğa kereksizyou all need to defeat | alahorlarğa kerekdilethey need to defeat |
| need to | menhorlarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to defeat | senhorlarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to defeat | olhorlarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to defeat | bizhorlarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to defeat | sizhorlarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to defeat | alahorlarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to defeat |
| have to | menmenŋe horlarğa tüşediI have to defeat | sensenŋe horlarğa tüşediyou have to defeat | olaŋa horlarğa tüşedihe has to defeat | bizbizge horlarğa tüşediwe have to defeat | sizsizge horlarğa tüşediyou all have to defeat | alaalağa horlarğa tüşedithey have to defeat |
| have to | menmenŋe horlarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to defeat | sensenŋe horlarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to defeat | olaŋa horlarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to defeat | bizbizge horlarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to defeat | sizsizge horlarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to defeat | alaalağa horlarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to defeat |
| be obliged to | menhorlarğa borçlumaI am obliged to defeat | senhorlarğa borçlusayou are obliged to defeat | olhorlarğa borçluduhe is obliged to defeat | bizhorlarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to defeat | sizhorlarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to defeat | alahorlarğa borçludulathey are obliged to defeat |
| be obliged to | menhorlarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to defeat | senhorlarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to defeat | olhorlarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to defeat | bizhorlarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to defeat | sizhorlarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to defeat | alahorlarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to defeat |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menhorlarğa madarım bardıI have a way to defeat | senhorlarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to defeat | olhorlarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to defeat | bizhorlarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to defeat | sizhorlarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to defeat | alahorlarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to defeat |
| have a way to | menhorlarğa madarım joqduI have no way to defeat | senhorlarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to defeat | olhorlarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to defeat | bizhorlarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to defeat | sizhorlarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to defeat | alahorlarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to defeat |
| be free to | menhorlarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to defeat | senhorlarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to defeat | olhorlarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to defeat | bizhorlarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to defeat | sizhorlarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to defeat | alahorlarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to defeat |
| be free to | menhorlarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to defeat | senhorlarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to defeat | olhorlarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to defeat | bizhorlarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to defeat | sizhorlarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to defeat | alahorlarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to defeat |
| be possible to | menmenŋe horlarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to defeat | sensenŋe horlarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to defeat | olaŋa horlarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to defeat | bizbizge horlarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to defeat | sizsizge horlarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to defeat | alaalağa horlarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to defeat |
| be possible to | menmenŋe horlarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to defeat | sensenŋe horlarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to defeat | olaŋa horlarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to defeat | bizbizge horlarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to defeat | sizsizge horlarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to defeat | alaalağa horlarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to defeat |
| be ready to | menhorlarğa hazırmaI am ready to defeat | senhorlarğa hazırsayou are ready to defeat | olhorlarğa hazırdıhe is ready to defeat | bizhorlarğa hazırbızwe are ready to defeat | sizhorlarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to defeat | alahorlarğa hazırdılathey are ready to defeat |
| be ready to | menhorlarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to defeat | senhorlarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to defeat | olhorlarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to defeat | bizhorlarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to defeat | sizhorlarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to defeat | alahorlarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to defeat |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menhorlarğa küreşemeI am trying to defeat | senhorlarğa küreşeseyou are trying to defeat | olhorlarğa küreşedihe is trying to defeat | bizhorlarğa küreşebizwe are trying to defeat | sizhorlarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to defeat | alahorlarğa küreşedilethey are trying to defeat |
| try to | menhorlarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to defeat | senhorlarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to defeat | olhorlarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to defeat | bizhorlarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to defeat | sizhorlarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to defeat | alahorlarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to defeat |
| agree to | menhorlarğa unaymaI agree to defeat | senhorlarğa unaysayou agree to defeat | olhorlarğa unaydıhe agrees to defeat | bizhorlarğa unaybızwe agree to defeat | sizhorlarğa unaysızyou all agree to defeat | alahorlarğa unaydılathey agree to defeat |
| agree to | menhorlarğa unamaymaI refuse to defeat | senhorlarğa unamaysayou refuse to defeat | olhorlarğa unamaydıhe refuses to defeat | bizhorlarğa unamaybızwe refuse to defeat | sizhorlarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to defeat | alahorlarğa unamaydılathey refuse to defeat |
| hurry to | menhorlarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to defeat | senhorlarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to defeat | olhorlarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to defeat | bizhorlarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to defeat | sizhorlarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to defeat | alahorlarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to defeat |
| hurry to | menhorlarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to defeat | senhorlarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to defeat | olhorlarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to defeat | bizhorlarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to defeat | sizhorlarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to defeat | alahorlarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to defeat |
| be afraid to | menhorlarğa qorqamaI am afraid to defeat | senhorlarğa qorqasayou are afraid to defeat | olhorlarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to defeat | bizhorlarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to defeat | sizhorlarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to defeat | alahorlarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to defeat |
| be afraid to | menhorlarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to defeat | senhorlarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to defeat | olhorlarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to defeat | bizhorlarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to defeat | sizhorlarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to defeat | alahorlarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to defeat |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menhorlay bolmazmaI can't be defeating | senhorlay bolmazsayou can't be defeating | olhorlay bolmazhe can't be defeating | bizhorlay bolmazbızwe can't be defeating | sizhorlay bolmazsızyou all can't be defeating | alahorlay bolmazlathey can't be defeating |
| Inference, present — double negation | menhorlamay bolmazmaI must be defeating (emphatic) | senhorlamay bolmazsayou must be defeating (emphatic) | olhorlamay bolmazhe must be defeating (emphatic) | bizhorlamay bolmazbızwe must be defeating (emphatic) | sizhorlamay bolmazsızyou all must be defeating (emphatic) | alahorlamay bolmazlathey must be defeating (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menhorlay turmasamif I don't keep defeating | senhorlay turmasaŋif you don't keep defeating | olhorlay turmasaif he doesn't keep defeating | bizhorlay turmasaqif we don't keep defeating | sizhorlay turmasağızif you all don't keep defeating | alahorlay turmasalaif they don't keep defeating |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menhorlay tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of defeating | senhorlay tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of defeating | olhorlay tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of defeating | bizhorlay tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of defeating | sizhorlay tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of defeating | alahorlay tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of defeating |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menhorlamay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not defeating (emphatic) | senhorlamay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not defeating (emphatic) | olhorlamay tura bolmazhe must keep on not defeating (emphatic) | bizhorlamay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not defeating (emphatic) | sizhorlamay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not defeating (emphatic) | alahorlamay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not defeating (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menhorlamay turamaI keep on not defeating | senhorlamay turasayou keep on not defeating | olhorlamay turadıhe keeps on not defeating | bizhorlamay turabızwe keep on not defeating | sizhorlamay turasızyou all keep on not defeating | alahorlamay turadılathey keep on not defeating |
| Progressive — double negation | menhorlamay turmaymaI am not keeping on not defeating | senhorlamay turmaysayou are not keeping on not defeating | olhorlamay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not defeating | bizhorlamay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not defeating | sizhorlamay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not defeating | alahorlamay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not defeating |
| Progressive — double negation | menhorlamay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not defeating? | senhorlamay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not defeating? | olhorlamay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not defeating? | bizhorlamay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not defeating? | sizhorlamay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not defeating? | alahorlamay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not defeating? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menhorlağan bolmazmaI can't have defeated | senhorlağan bolmazsayou can't have defeated | olhorlağan bolmazhe can't have defeated | bizhorlağan bolmazbızwe can't have defeated | sizhorlağan bolmazsızyou all can't have defeated | alahorlağan bolmazlathey can't have defeated |
| Inference — double negation | menhorlamağan bolmazmaI must have defeated (emphatic) | senhorlamağan bolmazsayou must have defeated (emphatic) | olhorlamağan bolmazhe must have defeated (emphatic) | bizhorlamağan bolmazbızwe must have defeated (emphatic) | sizhorlamağan bolmazsızyou all must have defeated (emphatic) | alahorlamağan bolmazlathey must have defeated (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menhorlağan bolmasamif it weren't that I had defeated | senhorlağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had defeated | olhorlağan bolmasaif it weren't that he had defeated | bizhorlağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had defeated | sizhorlağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had defeated | alahorlağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had defeated |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menhorlamağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't defeated | senhorlamağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't defeated | olhorlamağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't defeated | bizhorlamağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't defeated | sizhorlamağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't defeated | alahorlamağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't defeated |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menhorlarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to defeat | senhorlarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to defeat | olhorlarıq bolmazhe can't be going to defeat | bizhorlarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to defeat | sizhorlarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to defeat | alahorlarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to defeat |
| Inference, future — double negation | menhorlamazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to defeat (emphatic) | senhorlamazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to defeat (emphatic) | olhorlamazlıq bolmazhe must be going to defeat (emphatic) | bizhorlamazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to defeat (emphatic) | sizhorlamazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to defeat (emphatic) | alahorlamazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to defeat (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menhorlarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to defeat | senhorlarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to defeat | olhorlarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to defeat | bizhorlarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to defeat | sizhorlarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to defeat | alahorlarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to defeat |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menhorlamazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to defeat | senhorlamazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to defeat | olhorlamazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to defeat | bizhorlamazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to defeat | sizhorlamazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to defeat | alahorlamazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to defeat |