qabhan
/qabxan/ · plural qabhanla
past participle of qabarğa →
1. biting, stinging, pecking; victorious
- bu at qabhan etedi — this horse bites
- bu guguruk qabhan etedi — this rooster pecks
- qabhan it — a dog that bites
- qabhan çibin — a stinging fly
- jaşırtın qabhan itça — like a dog that bites on the sly
- bu at qabhandı — this horse bites
2. winner, victor
- qabhan quwanadı — the winner rejoices
- oyunda qabhan — the one who won the game
3. winnings, a win
- qabhanım köbdü — my winnings are large
- qabhanın aldı — they took their winnings
- qabhan açha — the money won
4. bite, sting
- itni qabhanı — the dog's bite
- jılannı qabhanı awruydu — a snake's bite hurts
- çibinni qabhanı — the fly's bite
As an adjective
Degrees and persons
| Degree | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | qabhanmaI am biting | qabhansayou are biting | qabhandıhe is biting | qabhanbızwe are biting | qabhansızyou all are biting | qabhandılathey are biting |
| comparative — more | qabhanıraqmaI am more biting | qabhanıraqsayou are more biting | qabhanıraqdıhe is more biting | qabhanıraqbızwe are more biting | qabhanıraqsızyou all are more biting | qabhanıraqdılathey are more biting |
| intensifier — very | bek qabhanmaI am very biting | bek qabhansayou are very biting | bek qabhandıhe is very biting | bek qabhanbızwe are very biting | bek qabhansızyou all are very biting | bek qabhandılathey are very biting |
| superlative — most | em qabhanmaI am the most biting | em qabhansayou are the most biting | em qabhandıhe is the most biting | em qabhanbızwe are the most biting | em qabhansızyou all are the most biting | em qabhandılathey are the most biting |
To compare two things, put the loser in the from-form: ol menden qabhandı — "compared to me, he is biting."
Saying it about mine, yours, theirs
One thing
| Degree | menikimine | senikiyours | anıqıhis / hers | biznikiours | siznikiyours (pl.) | alanıqıtheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | meniki qabhandımine is biting | seniki qabhandıyours is biting | anıqı qabhandıhis is biting | bizniki qabhandıours is biting | sizniki qabhandıyours (pl.) is biting | alanıqı qabhandıtheirs is biting |
| comparative — more | meniki qabhanıraqdımine is more biting | seniki qabhanıraqdıyours is more biting | anıqı qabhanıraqdıhis is more biting | bizniki qabhanıraqdıours is more biting | sizniki qabhanıraqdıyours (pl.) is more biting | alanıqı qabhanıraqdıtheirs is more biting |
| intensifier — very | meniki bek qabhandımine is very biting | seniki bek qabhandıyours is very biting | anıqı bek qabhandıhis is very biting | bizniki bek qabhandıours is very biting | sizniki bek qabhandıyours (pl.) is very biting | alanıqı bek qabhandıtheirs is very biting |
| superlative — most | meniki em qabhandımine is the most biting | seniki em qabhandıyours is the most biting | anıqı em qabhandıhis is the most biting | bizniki em qabhandıours is the most biting | sizniki em qabhandıyours (pl.) is the most biting | alanıqı em qabhandıtheirs is the most biting |
Several things
| Degree | menikilemine | senikileyours | anıqılahis / hers | biznikileours | siznikileyours (pl.) | alanıqılatheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | menikile qabhandılamine are biting | senikile qabhandılayours are biting | anıqıla qabhandılahis are biting | biznikile qabhandılaours are biting | siznikile qabhandılayours (pl.) are biting | alanıqıla qabhandılatheirs are biting |
| comparative — more | menikile qabhanıraqdılamine are more biting | senikile qabhanıraqdılayours are more biting | anıqıla qabhanıraqdılahis are more biting | biznikile qabhanıraqdılaours are more biting | siznikile qabhanıraqdılayours (pl.) are more biting | alanıqıla qabhanıraqdılatheirs are more biting |
| intensifier — very | menikile bek qabhandılamine are very biting | senikile bek qabhandılayours are very biting | anıqıla bek qabhandılahis are very biting | biznikile bek qabhandılaours are very biting | siznikile bek qabhandılayours (pl.) are very biting | alanıqıla bek qabhandılatheirs are very biting |
| superlative — most | menikile em qabhandılamine are the most biting | senikile em qabhandılayours are the most biting | anıqıla em qabhandılahis are the most biting | biznikile em qabhandılaours are the most biting | siznikile em qabhandılayours (pl.) are the most biting | alanıqıla em qabhandılatheirs are the most biting |
Any thing takes the third-person ending, not only these: bu qabhandı, bıla qabhandıla. In texts biznikile is usually kesibiznikile, "our own people", and a surname with -nıqıla names a family: Dudalanıqıla, "the Dudas".
As a noun
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | qabhanthe winner | qabhanımmy winner | qabhanıŋyour winner | qabhanıhis winner | qabhanıbızour winner | qabhanığızyou all's winner | qabhanlarıtheir winners |
| Genitive | qabhannıthe winner's | qabhanımımy winner's | qabhanıŋıyour winner's | qabhanınıhis winner's | qabhanıbıznıour winner's | qabhanığıznıyou all's winner's | qabhanlarınıtheir winners' |
| Accusative | qabhannıthe winner (as the object) | qabhanımımy winner (as the object) | qabhanıŋıyour winner (as the object) | qabhanınhis winner (as the object) | qabhanıbıznıour winner (as the object) | qabhanığıznıyou all's winner (as the object) | qabhanlarıntheir winners (as the object) |
| Dative | qabhanŋato the winner | qabhanımato my winner | qabhanıŋato your winner | qabhanınato his winner | qabhanıbızğato our winner | qabhanığızğato you all's winner | qabhanlarınato their winners |
| Locative | qabhandain / at the winner | qabhanımdain / at my winner | qabhanıŋdain / at your winner | qabhanındain / at his winner | qabhanıbızdain / at our winner | qabhanığızdain / at you all's winner | qabhanlarındain / at their winners |
| Ablative | qabhandanfrom the winner | qabhanımdanfrom my winner | qabhanıŋdanfrom your winner | qabhanındanfrom his winner | qabhanıbızdanfrom our winner | qabhanığızdanfrom you all's winner | qabhanlarındanfrom their winners |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | qabhanlathe winners | qabhanlarımmy winners | qabhanlarıŋyour winners | qabhanlarıhis winners | qabhanlarıbızour winners | qabhanlarığızyou all's winners | qabhanlarıtheir winners |
| Genitive | qabhanlanıthe winners' | qabhanlarımımy winners' | qabhanlarıŋıyour winners' | qabhanlarınıhis winners' | qabhanlarıbıznıour winners' | qabhanlarığıznıyou all's winners' | qabhanlarınıtheir winners' |
| Accusative | qabhanlanıthe winners (as the object) | qabhanlarımımy winners (as the object) | qabhanlarıŋıyour winners (as the object) | qabhanlarınhis winners (as the object) | qabhanlarıbıznıour winners (as the object) | qabhanlarığıznıyou all's winners (as the object) | qabhanlarıntheir winners (as the object) |
| Dative | qabhanlağato the winners | qabhanlarımato my winners | qabhanlarıŋato your winners | qabhanlarınato his winners | qabhanlarıbızğato our winners | qabhanlarığızğato you all's winners | qabhanlarınato their winners |
| Locative | qabhanladain / at the winners | qabhanlarımdain / at my winners | qabhanlarıŋdain / at your winners | qabhanlarındain / at his winners | qabhanlarıbızdain / at our winners | qabhanlarığızdain / at you all's winners | qabhanlarındain / at their winners |
| Ablative | qabhanladanfrom the winners | qabhanlarımdanfrom my winners | qabhanlarıŋdanfrom your winners | qabhanlarındanfrom his winners | qabhanlarıbızdanfrom our winners | qabhanlarığızdanfrom you all's winners | qabhanlarındanfrom their winners |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: qabhanları can mean "his / her winners", "their winner", or "their winners" — context decides.
Whose it is
| Case | one thing, one owner | several things, one owner | one thing, several owners | several things, several owners |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | qabhannıqıthe winner's one | qabhannıqılathe winner's ones | qabhanlanıqıthe winners' one | qabhanlanıqılathe winners' ones |
| Genitive | qabhannıqınıof the winner's one | qabhannıqılanıof the winner's ones | qabhanlanıqınıof the winners' one | qabhanlanıqılanıof the winners' ones |
| Accusative | qabhannıqınthe winner's one (as the object) | qabhannıqılanıthe winner's ones (as the object) | qabhanlanıqınthe winners' one (as the object) | qabhanlanıqılanıthe winners' ones (as the object) |
| Dative | qabhannıqınato the winner's one | qabhannıqılağato the winner's ones | qabhanlanıqınato the winners' one | qabhanlanıqılağato the winners' ones |
| Locative | qabhannıqındain / at the winner's one | qabhannıqıladain / at the winner's ones | qabhanlanıqındain / at the winners' one | qabhanlanıqıladain / at the winners' ones |
| Ablative | qabhannıqındanfrom the winner's one | qabhannıqıladanfrom the winner's ones | qabhanlanıqındanfrom the winners' one | qabhanlanıqıladanfrom the winners' ones |
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
Which reading? Look at what follows.
| qabhan + noun | the one who bites (the noun is the doer) |
|---|---|
| qabhan + noun with an owner ending | the thing someone bites |
| qabhanı, nothing after | what someone bites |
| qabhanı under bilirge, körürge | that someone bites |
Cases with an owner
The endings on qabhanı, the form with a third-person owner. Every other owner takes the same six.
| nominative | qabhanıhis / her having bitten |
|---|---|
| genitive | qabhanınıhis / her having bitten's |
| accusative | qabhanınhis / her having bitten |
| dative | qabhanınato his / her having bitten |
| locative | qabhanındawhen he / she bit |
| ablative | qabhanındanafter he / she bit |
Negative
| the negative | qabmağanthe one that didn't bite |
|---|---|
| his / her | qabmağanıhis / her not having bitten |