mişaw
/miʃaw/
1. sad, sorrowful, downcast, pensive
- mişaw adam — a downcast person
- mişaw tişirıw — a sad woman
- ol mişaw körünedi — he looks sad
- üydegisi mişaw bolub turadı — his family stays sad
- jüregi mişaw boldu — his heart became sad
- mişaw bolma — don't be sad
- mişaw bolğandı — he has become downcast
2. sadness, sorrow, dejection, melancholy
- közlerinde mişaw körünedi — sorrow shows in his eyes
- jüregin mişaw alğandı — sorrow has taken hold of his heart
- mişawdan qutulurğa — to be free of sorrow
3. listless, sluggish, limp, weak — Said of a person who lacks energy or feels worn out; one dictionary also gives it for drowsy.
- mişaw qart — a feeble old man
- mişaw bolurğa — to become sluggish
4. dreary, cheerless, depressing one source
- mişaw jol — a dreary road
- mişaw kün — a cheerless day
- mişaw jırla — cheerless songs
As an adjective
Degrees and persons
| Degree | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | mişawmaI am sad | mişawsayou are sad | mişawduhe is sad | mişawbuzwe are sad | mişawsuzyou all are sad | mişawdulathey are sad |
| comparative — more | mişawraqmaI am sadder | mişawraqsayou are sadder | mişawraqdıhe is sadder | mişawraqbızwe are sadder | mişawraqsızyou all are sadder | mişawraqdılathey are sadder |
| intensifier — very | bek mişawmaI am very sad | bek mişawsayou are very sad | bek mişawduhe is very sad | bek mişawbuzwe are very sad | bek mişawsuzyou all are very sad | bek mişawdulathey are very sad |
| superlative — most | em mişawmaI am the saddest | em mişawsayou are the saddest | em mişawduhe is the saddest | em mişawbuzwe are the saddest | em mişawsuzyou all are the saddest | em mişawdulathey are the saddest |
To compare two things, put the loser in the from-form: ol menden mişawdu — "compared to me, he is sad."
Saying it about mine, yours, theirs
One thing
| Degree | menikimine | senikiyours | anıqıhis / hers | biznikiours | siznikiyours (pl.) | alanıqıtheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | meniki mişawdumine is sad | seniki mişawduyours is sad | anıqı mişawduhis is sad | bizniki mişawduours is sad | sizniki mişawduyours (pl.) is sad | alanıqı mişawdutheirs is sad |
| comparative — more | meniki mişawraqdımine is sadder | seniki mişawraqdıyours is sadder | anıqı mişawraqdıhis is sadder | bizniki mişawraqdıours is sadder | sizniki mişawraqdıyours (pl.) is sadder | alanıqı mişawraqdıtheirs is sadder |
| intensifier — very | meniki bek mişawdumine is very sad | seniki bek mişawduyours is very sad | anıqı bek mişawduhis is very sad | bizniki bek mişawduours is very sad | sizniki bek mişawduyours (pl.) is very sad | alanıqı bek mişawdutheirs is very sad |
| superlative — most | meniki em mişawdumine is the saddest | seniki em mişawduyours is the saddest | anıqı em mişawduhis is the saddest | bizniki em mişawduours is the saddest | sizniki em mişawduyours (pl.) is the saddest | alanıqı em mişawdutheirs is the saddest |
Several things
| Degree | menikilemine | senikileyours | anıqılahis / hers | biznikileours | siznikileyours (pl.) | alanıqılatheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | menikile mişawdulamine are sad | senikile mişawdulayours are sad | anıqıla mişawdulahis are sad | biznikile mişawdulaours are sad | siznikile mişawdulayours (pl.) are sad | alanıqıla mişawdulatheirs are sad |
| comparative — more | menikile mişawraqdılamine are sadder | senikile mişawraqdılayours are sadder | anıqıla mişawraqdılahis are sadder | biznikile mişawraqdılaours are sadder | siznikile mişawraqdılayours (pl.) are sadder | alanıqıla mişawraqdılatheirs are sadder |
| intensifier — very | menikile bek mişawdulamine are very sad | senikile bek mişawdulayours are very sad | anıqıla bek mişawdulahis are very sad | biznikile bek mişawdulaours are very sad | siznikile bek mişawdulayours (pl.) are very sad | alanıqıla bek mişawdulatheirs are very sad |
| superlative — most | menikile em mişawdulamine are the saddest | senikile em mişawdulayours are the saddest | anıqıla em mişawdulahis are the saddest | biznikile em mişawdulaours are the saddest | siznikile em mişawdulayours (pl.) are the saddest | alanıqıla em mişawdulatheirs are the saddest |
Any thing takes the third-person ending, not only these: bu mişawdu, bıla mişawdula. In texts biznikile is usually kesibiznikile, "our own people", and a surname with -nıqıla names a family: Dudalanıqıla, "the Dudas".
As a noun
Cases and owners
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | mişawthe sadness | mişawummy sadness | mişawuŋyour sadness | mişawuhis sadness | mişawubuzour sadness | mişawuğuzyou all's sadness | mişawlarıtheir sadnesses |
| Genitive | mişawnuthe sadness' | mişawumumy sadness' | mişawuŋuyour sadness' | mişawunuhis sadness' | mişawubuznuour sadness' | mişawuğuznuyou all's sadness' | mişawlarınıtheir sadnesses' |
| Accusative | mişawnuthe sadness (as the object) | mişawumumy sadness (as the object) | mişawuŋuyour sadness (as the object) | mişawunhis sadness (as the object) | mişawubuznuour sadness (as the object) | mişawuğuznuyou all's sadness (as the object) | mişawlarıntheir sadnesses (as the object) |
| Dative | mişawğato the sadness | mişawumato my sadness | mişawuŋato your sadness | mişawunato his sadness | mişawubuzğato our sadness | mişawuğuzğato you all's sadness | mişawlarınato their sadnesses |
| Locative | mişawdain / at the sadness | mişawumdain / at my sadness | mişawuŋdain / at your sadness | mişawundain / at his sadness | mişawubuzdain / at our sadness | mişawuğuzdain / at you all's sadness | mişawlarındain / at their sadnesses |
| Ablative | mişawdanfrom the sadness | mişawumdanfrom my sadness | mişawuŋdanfrom your sadness | mişawundanfrom his sadness | mişawubuzdanfrom our sadness | mişawuğuzdanfrom you all's sadness | mişawlarındanfrom their sadnesses |
There is no plural of this word. The ending would attach like any other — it is the word, not the grammar, that refuses: this is not something Karachay counts.
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.