küreşirge
/kyreʃirɡe/
1. fight an enemy, do battle
- jawla bla küreşiw — fighting the enemies
- faşistle bla küreşgende — when fighting the fascists
- asker jaw bla küreşdi — the army fought the enemy
- batırla jawla bla küreşedile — the brave men fight the enemies
- jaw bla küreşirge — to fight an enemy
- sawut alıb küreşmey madar joqdu — there is no way but to take up arms and fight
2. struggle for something, fight for a cause
- erkinlik üçün küreşirge — to struggle for freedom
- tüzlük üçün küreşirge — to fight for justice
- jurtubuz üçün küreşebiz — we fight for our homeland
- halq erkinligi üçün küreşdi — the people struggled for its freedom
- tüzlük üçün küreşirge çıqdı — set out to fight for justice
- çirik adetleni qurutur üçün küreşebiz — we struggle to eradicate rotten customs
3. try to do something, attempt
- aŋılatırğa küreşiw — trying to explain
- oqurğa küreşiw — trying to study
- terk boşarğa küreşeme — I am trying to finish quickly
- ol kelirge küreşdi — he tried to come
- qolğa alırğa küreşedi — tries to catch
- qorquturğa küreşedi — tries to frighten
- igi oqurğa küreşedi — tries to study well
4. be busy with something, occupy oneself with a task
- ağaç iş bla küreşiw — being engaged in woodwork
- malçılıq bla küreşebiz — we are engaged in livestock farming
- jerçilik bla küreşeme — I am engaged in farming
- iş bla küreşedi — is busy with work
- üy işle bla küreşeme — I am busy with housework
- bügün malla bla küreşdi — today he was busy with the livestock
5. work with someone, tutor someone, help someone with lessons one source
- oquwçula bla küreşedi — works with the pupils
- sabiyle bla küreşeme — I work with the children
6. fiddle with, tinker with, fidget with
- qalamı bla küreşiw — fiddling with one's pen
- barmaqları bla küreşe — fidgeting with her fingers
- qalamı bla saw sağatnı küreşdi — tinkered with his pen for a whole hour
- kesini uşkogu bla küreşe başladı — began to tinker with his own rifle
7. work, toil
- ertdenden iŋirge deri küreşdi — worked from morning till evening
- baş költürmey küreşedi — works without raising his head
- biz bügün köb küreşdik — we worked a lot today
- qajımay küreş — work tirelessly
- mardasız qatı küreşedile — they toil extremely hard
- tükende küreşedi — works at the shop
8. do something diligently, make an effort, try hard
- qatı küreşirge — to try hard
- qızım köb küreşedi — my daughter makes a lot of effort
- ustazım bek küreşdi — my teacher tried very hard
- ne bek küreşdik esek da — however hard we tried
- igi eterge küreşeme — I try hard to do it well
9. persecute someone, harass one source
- bıla bla küreşme — don't harass them
- seni bla kimle küreşedile — who are harassing you
- jarlı adam bla küreşdile — they harassed the poor man
10. quarrel, argue, or compete with someone
- honşusu bla küreşedi — quarrels with the neighbor
- tamadası bla küreşiw — quarreling with one's elder
- küreşme anı bla — don't quarrel with him
- biri biriŋ bla küreşme — don't quarrel with each other
- qarnaşı bla küreşdi — quarreled with his brother
- kesinden qarıwsuz bla küreşiw — fighting with someone weaker than oneself
- meni bla küreşirge süedi — wants to compete with me
Conjugation
Common forms
- küreşedihe is fighting
- küreşdihe fought
- küreşgendihe has fought
- küreşirhe will fight
- küreşirikdihe is going to fight
- küreşe edihe was fighting
- küreşseif he fights
- küreş!fight!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menküreşemeI am fighting | senküreşeseyou are fighting | olküreşedihe is fighting | bizküreşebizwe are fighting | sizküreşesizyou all are fighting | alaküreşedilethey are fighting |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menküreşmeymeI am not fighting | senküreşmeyseyou are not fighting | olküreşmeydihe is not fighting | bizküreşmeybizwe are not fighting | sizküreşmeysizyou all are not fighting | alaküreşmeydilethey are not fighting |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menküreşememi? küreşemime?am I fighting? | senküreşemise?are you fighting? | olküreşemidi?is he fighting? | bizküreşebizmi? küreşemibiz?are we fighting? | sizküreşemisiz?are you all fighting? | alaküreşemidile?are they fighting? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menküreşmeymemi? küreşmeymime?aren't I fighting? | senküreşmeymise?aren't you fighting? | olküreşmeymidi?isn't he fighting? | bizküreşmeybizmi? küreşmeymibiz?aren't we fighting? | sizküreşmeymisiz?aren't you all fighting? | alaküreşmeymidile?aren't they fighting? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menküreşiwçenmeI usually fight | senküreşiwçenseyou usually fight | olküreşiwçendihe usually fights | bizküreşiwçenbizwe usually fight | sizküreşiwçensizyou all usually fight | alaküreşiwçendilethey usually fight |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menküreşmewçenmeI usually don't fight | senküreşmewçenseyou usually don't fight | olküreşmewçendihe usually doesn't fight | bizküreşmewçenbizwe usually don't fight | sizküreşmewçensizyou all usually don't fight | alaküreşmewçendilethey usually don't fight |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menküreşiwçenmemi? küreşiwçenmime?do I usually fight? | senküreşiwçenmise?do you usually fight? | olküreşiwçenmidi?does he usually fight? | bizküreşiwçenbizmi? küreşiwçenmibiz?do we usually fight? | sizküreşiwçenmisiz?do you all usually fight? | alaküreşiwçenmidile?do they usually fight? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menküreşmewçenmemi? küreşmewçenmime?do I usually not fight? | senküreşmewçenmise?do you usually not fight? | olküreşmewçenmidi?does he usually not fight? | bizküreşmewçenbizmi? küreşmewçenmibiz?do we usually not fight? | sizküreşmewçenmisiz?do you all usually not fight? | alaküreşmewçenmidile?do they usually not fight? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olküreşibdihe has fought and remains so | alaküreşibdilethey have fought and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olküreşibmidi?has he fought? | alaküreşibmidile?have they fought? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menküreşib turamaI keep fighting | senküreşib turasayou keep fighting | olküreşib turadıhe keeps fighting | bizküreşib turabızwe keep fighting | sizküreşib turasızyou all keep fighting | alaküreşib turadılathey keep fighting |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menküreşib turmaymaI don't keep fighting | senküreşib turmaysayou don't keep fighting | olküreşib turmaydıhe doesn't keep fighting | bizküreşib turmaybızwe don't keep fighting | sizküreşib turmaysızyou all don't keep fighting | alaküreşib turmaydılathey don't keep fighting |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menküreşib turamamı? küreşib turamıma?do I keep fighting? | senküreşib turamısa?do you keep fighting? | olküreşib turamıdı?does he keep fighting? | bizküreşib turabızmı? küreşib turamıbız?do we keep fighting? | sizküreşib turamısız?do you all keep fighting? | alaküreşib turamıdıla?do they keep fighting? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menküreşib turmaymamı? küreşib turmaymıma?don't I keep fighting? | senküreşib turmaymısa?don't you keep fighting? | olküreşib turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep fighting? | bizküreşib turmaybızmı? küreşib turmaymıbız?don't we keep fighting? | sizküreşib turmaymısız?don't you all keep fighting? | alaküreşib turmaymıdıla?don't they keep fighting? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menküreşe turamaI am in the middle of fighting | senküreşe turasayou are in the middle of fighting | olküreşe turadıhe is in the middle of fighting | bizküreşe turabızwe are in the middle of fighting | sizküreşe turasızyou all are in the middle of fighting | alaküreşe turadılathey are in the middle of fighting |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menküreşe turmaymaI am not in the middle of fighting | senküreşe turmaysayou are not in the middle of fighting | olküreşe turmaydıhe is not in the middle of fighting | bizküreşe turmaybızwe are not in the middle of fighting | sizküreşe turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of fighting | alaküreşe turmaydılathey are not in the middle of fighting |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menküreşe turamamı? küreşe turamıma?am I in the middle of fighting? | senküreşe turamısa?are you in the middle of fighting? | olküreşe turamıdı?is he in the middle of fighting? | bizküreşe turabızmı? küreşe turamıbız?are we in the middle of fighting? | sizküreşe turamısız?are you all in the middle of fighting? | alaküreşe turamıdıla?are they in the middle of fighting? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menküreşe turmaymamı? küreşe turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of fighting? | senküreşe turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of fighting? | olküreşe turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of fighting? | bizküreşe turmaybızmı? küreşe turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of fighting? | sizküreşe turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of fighting? | alaküreşe turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of fighting? |
| Simple past (definite) | menküreşdimI fought | senküreşdiŋyou fought | olküreşdihe fought | bizküreşdikwe fought | sizküreşdigizyou all fought | alaküreşdilethey fought |
| Simple past (definite) | menküreşmedimI didn't fight | senküreşmediŋyou didn't fight | olküreşmedihe didn't fight | bizküreşmedikwe didn't fight | sizküreşmedigizyou all didn't fight | alaküreşmedilethey didn't fight |
| Simple past (definite) | menküreşdimmi?did I fight? | senküreşdiŋmi?did you fight? | olküreşdimi?did he fight? | bizküreşdikmi?did we fight? | sizküreşdigizmi?did you all fight? | alaküreşdilemi?did they fight? |
| Simple past (definite) | menküreşmedimmi?didn't I fight? | senküreşmediŋmi?didn't you fight? | olküreşmedimi?didn't he fight? | bizküreşmedikmi?didn't we fight? | sizküreşmedigizmi?didn't you all fight? | alaküreşmedilemi?didn't they fight? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menküreşgenmeI have fought | senküreşgenseyou have fought | olküreşgendihe has fought | bizküreşgenbizwe have fought | sizküreşgensizyou all have fought | alaküreşgendilethey have fought |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menküreşmegenmeI haven't fought | senküreşmegenseyou haven't fought | olküreşmegendihe hasn't fought | bizküreşmegenbizwe haven't fought | sizküreşmegensizyou all haven't fought | alaküreşmegendilethey haven't fought |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menküreşgenmemi? küreşgenmime?have I fought? | senküreşgenmise?have you fought? | olküreşgenmidi?has he fought? | bizküreşgenbizmi? küreşgenmibiz?have we fought? | sizküreşgenmisiz?have you all fought? | alaküreşgenmidile?have they fought? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menküreşmegenmemi? küreşmegenmime?haven't I fought? | senküreşmegenmise?haven't you fought? | olküreşmegenmidi?hasn't he fought? | bizküreşmegenbizmi? küreşmegenmibiz?haven't we fought? | sizküreşmegenmisiz?haven't you all fought? | alaküreşmegenmidile?haven't they fought? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menküreşib turdumI kept fighting | senküreşib turduŋyou kept fighting | olküreşib turduhe kept fighting | bizküreşib turduqwe kept fighting | sizküreşib turduğuzyou all kept fighting | alaküreşib turdulathey kept fighting |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menküreşib turmadımI didn't keep fighting | senküreşib turmadıŋyou didn't keep fighting | olküreşib turmadıhe didn't keep fighting | bizküreşib turmadıqwe didn't keep fighting | sizküreşib turmadığızyou all didn't keep fighting | alaküreşib turmadılathey didn't keep fighting |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menküreşirmeI will fight | senküreşirseyou will fight | olküreşirhe will fight | bizküreşirbizwe will fight | sizküreşirsizyou all will fight | alaküreşirlethey will fight |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menküreşmezmeI won't fight | senküreşmezseyou won't fight | olküreşmezhe won't fight | bizküreşmezbizwe won't fight | sizküreşmezsizyou all won't fight | alaküreşmezlethey won't fight |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menküreşirmemi? küreşirmime?will I fight? | senküreşirmise?will you fight? | olküreşirmi?will he fight? | bizküreşirbizmi? küreşirmibiz?will we fight? | sizküreşirmisiz?will you all fight? | alaküreşirlemi? küreşirmile?will they fight? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menküreşmezmemi? küreşmezmime?won't I fight? | senküreşmezmise?won't you fight? | olküreşmezmi?won't he fight? | bizküreşmezbizmi? küreşmezmibiz?won't we fight? | sizküreşmezmisiz?won't you all fight? | alaküreşmezlemi? küreşmezmile?won't they fight? |
| Definite future (future II) | menküreşirikmeI am going to fight | senküreşirikseyou are going to fight | olküreşirikdihe is going to fight | bizküreşirikbizwe are going to fight | sizküreşiriksizyou all are going to fight | alaküreşirikdilethey are going to fight |
| Definite future (future II) | menküreşirik tülmeI am not going to fight | senküreşirik tülseyou are not going to fight | olküreşirik tüldühe is not going to fight | bizküreşirik tülbüzwe are not going to fight | sizküreşirik tülsüzyou all are not going to fight | alaküreşirik tüldülethey are not going to fight |
| Definite future (future II) | menküreşirikmemi? küreşirikmime?am I going to fight? | senküreşirikmise?are you going to fight? | olküreşirikmidi?is he going to fight? | bizküreşirikbizmi? küreşirikmibiz?are we going to fight? | sizküreşirikmisiz?are you all going to fight? | alaküreşirikmidile?are they going to fight? |
| Definite future (future II) | menküreşirik tülmüme?aren't I going to fight? | senküreşirik tülmüse?aren't you going to fight? | olküreşirik tülmüdü?isn't he going to fight? | bizküreşirik tülmübüz?aren't we going to fight? | sizküreşirik tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to fight? | alaküreşirik tülmüdüle?aren't they going to fight? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menküreşgen edimküreşgenemI had fought | senküreşgen ediŋküreşgeneŋyou had fought | olküreşgen ediküreşgenedhe had fought | bizküreşgen edikküreşgenekwe had fought | sizküreşgen edigizküreşgenegizyou all had fought | alaküreşgen edileküreşgenellethey had fought |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menküreşmegen edimküreşmegenemI hadn't fought | senküreşmegen ediŋküreşmegeneŋyou hadn't fought | olküreşmegen ediküreşmegenedhe hadn't fought | bizküreşmegen edikküreşmegenekwe hadn't fought | sizküreşmegen edigizküreşmegenegizyou all hadn't fought | alaküreşmegen edileküreşmegenellethey hadn't fought |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menküreşe edimküreşemI was fighting | senküreşe ediŋküreşeŋyou were fighting | olküreşe ediküreşedhe was fighting | bizküreşe edikküreşekwe were fighting | sizküreşe edigizküreşegizyou all were fighting | alaküreşe edileküreşellethey were fighting |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menküreşmey edimküreşmeyemI wasn't fighting | senküreşmey ediŋküreşmeyeŋyou weren't fighting | olküreşmey ediküreşmeyedhe wasn't fighting | bizküreşmey edikküreşmeyekwe weren't fighting | sizküreşmey edigizküreşmeyegizyou all weren't fighting | alaküreşmey edileküreşmeyellethey weren't fighting |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menküreşiwçen edimküreşiwçenemI used to fight | senküreşiwçen ediŋküreşiwçeneŋyou used to fight | olküreşiwçen ediküreşiwçenedhe used to fight | bizküreşiwçen edikküreşiwçenekwe used to fight | sizküreşiwçen edigizküreşiwçenegizyou all used to fight | alaküreşiwçen edileküreşiwçenellethey used to fight |
| Habitual past (used to) | menküreşmewçen edimküreşmewçenemI didn't use to fight | senküreşmewçen ediŋküreşmewçeneŋyou didn't use to fight | olküreşmewçen ediküreşmewçenedhe didn't use to fight | bizküreşmewçen edikküreşmewçenekwe didn't use to fight | sizküreşmewçen edigizküreşmewçenegizyou all didn't use to fight | alaküreşmewçen edileküreşmewçenellethey didn't use to fight |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olküreşib edihe had fought and remained so | alaküreşib edilethey had fought and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olküreşib tül edihe hadn't fought | alaküreşib tül edilethey hadn't fought | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menküreşib tura edimküreşib turaemI had kept fighting | senküreşib tura ediŋküreşib turaeŋyou had kept fighting | olküreşib tura ediküreşib turaedhe had kept fighting | bizküreşib tura edikküreşib turaekwe had kept fighting | sizküreşib tura edigizküreşib turaegizyou all had kept fighting | alaküreşib tura edileküreşib turaellethey had kept fighting |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menküreşib turmay edimküreşib turmayemI hadn't kept fighting | senküreşib turmay ediŋküreşib turmayeŋyou hadn't kept fighting | olküreşib turmay ediküreşib turmayedhe hadn't kept fighting | bizküreşib turmay edikküreşib turmayekwe hadn't kept fighting | sizküreşib turmay edigizküreşib turmayegizyou all hadn't kept fighting | alaküreşib turmay edileküreşib turmayellethey hadn't kept fighting |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menküreşe tura edimküreşe turaemI was in the middle of fighting | senküreşe tura ediŋküreşe turaeŋyou were in the middle of fighting | olküreşe tura ediküreşe turaedhe was in the middle of fighting | bizküreşe tura edikküreşe turaekwe were in the middle of fighting | sizküreşe tura edigizküreşe turaegizyou all were in the middle of fighting | alaküreşe tura edileküreşe turaellethey were in the middle of fighting |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menküreşe turmay edimküreşe turmayemI wasn't in the middle of fighting | senküreşe turmay ediŋküreşe turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of fighting | olküreşe turmay ediküreşe turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of fighting | bizküreşe turmay edikküreşe turmayekwe weren't in the middle of fighting | sizküreşe turmay edigizküreşe turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of fighting | alaküreşe turmay edileküreşe turmayellethey weren't in the middle of fighting |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menküreşir edimküreşir emI would fight | senküreşir ediŋküreşir eŋyou would fight | olküreşir ediküreşir edhe would fight | bizküreşir edikküreşir ekwe would fight | sizküreşir edigizküreşir egizyou all would fight | alaküreşir edileküreşir ellethey would fight |
| Conditional result (would) | menküreşmez edimküreşmez emI wouldn't fight | senküreşmez ediŋküreşmez eŋyou wouldn't fight | olküreşmez ediküreşmez edhe wouldn't fight | bizküreşmez edikküreşmez ekwe wouldn't fight | sizküreşmez edigizküreşmez egizyou all wouldn't fight | alaküreşmez edileküreşmez ellethey wouldn't fight |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menküreşirik edimküreşirik emI would have fought | senküreşirik ediŋküreşirik eŋyou would have fought | olküreşirik ediküreşirik edhe would have fought | bizküreşirik edikküreşirik ekwe would have fought | sizküreşirik edigizküreşirik egizyou all would have fought | alaküreşirik edileküreşirik ellethey would have fought |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menküreşirik tül edimküreşirik tül emI wouldn't have fought | senküreşirik tül ediŋküreşirik tül eŋyou wouldn't have fought | olküreşirik tül ediküreşirik tül edhe wouldn't have fought | bizküreşirik tül edikküreşirik tül ekwe wouldn't have fought | sizküreşirik tül edigizküreşirik tül egizyou all wouldn't have fought | alaküreşirik tül edileküreşirik tül ellethey wouldn't have fought |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menküreşsemif I fight | senküreşseŋif you fight | olküreşseif he fights | bizküreşsekif we fight | sizküreşsegizif you all fight | alaküreşseleif they fight |
| Conditional | menküreşmesemif I don't fight | senküreşmeseŋif you don't fight | olküreşmeseif he doesn't fight | bizküreşmesekif we don't fight | sizküreşmesegizif you all don't fight | alaküreşmeseleif they don't fight |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menküreşe esemif I am fighting | senküreşe eseŋif you are fighting | olküreşe eseif he is fighting | bizküreşe esekif we are fighting | sizküreşe esegizif you all are fighting | alaküreşe eseleif they are fighting |
| Conditional, present real | menküreşmey esemif I am not fighting | senküreşmey eseŋif you are not fighting | olküreşmey eseif he is not fighting | bizküreşmey esekif we are not fighting | sizküreşmey esegizif you all are not fighting | alaküreşmey eseleif they are not fighting |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menküreşsem ediküreşsem edif only I fought | senküreşseŋ ediküreşseŋ edif only you fought | olküreşse ediküreşsedif only he fought | bizküreşsek ediküreşsek edif only we fought | sizküreşsegiz ediküreşsegiz edif only you all fought | alaküreşsele ediküreşseledif only they fought |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menküreşmesem ediküreşmesem edif only I didn't fight | senküreşmeseŋ ediküreşmeseŋ edif only you didn't fight | olküreşmese ediküreşmesedif only he didn't fight | bizküreşmesek ediküreşmesek edif only we didn't fight | sizküreşmesegiz ediküreşmesegiz edif only you all didn't fight | alaküreşmesele ediküreşmeseledif only they didn't fight |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menküreşib tursamif I carry on fighting | senküreşib tursaŋif you carry on fighting | olküreşib tursaif he carries on fighting | bizküreşib tursaqif we carry on fighting | sizküreşib tursağızif you all carry on fighting | alaküreşib tursalaif they carry on fighting |
| Durative conditional | menküreşib turmasamif I don't carry on fighting | senküreşib turmasaŋif you don't carry on fighting | olküreşib turmasaif he doesn't carry on fighting | bizküreşib turmasaqif we don't carry on fighting | sizküreşib turmasağızif you all don't carry on fighting | alaküreşib turmasalaif they don't carry on fighting |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menküreşib tura esemif I have kept fighting | senküreşib tura eseŋif you have kept fighting | olküreşib tura eseif he has kept fighting | bizküreşib tura esekif we have kept fighting | sizküreşib tura esegizif you all have kept fighting | alaküreşib tura eseleif they have kept fighting |
| Durative conditional, present real | menküreşib turmay esemif I haven't kept fighting | senküreşib turmay eseŋif you haven't kept fighting | olküreşib turmay eseif he hasn't kept fighting | bizküreşib turmay esekif we haven't kept fighting | sizküreşib turmay esegizif you all haven't kept fighting | alaküreşib turmay eseleif they haven't kept fighting |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menküreşe tursamif I keep fighting | senküreşe tursaŋif you keep fighting | olküreşe tursaif he keeps fighting | bizküreşe tursaqif we keep fighting | sizküreşe tursağızif you all keep fighting | alaküreşe tursalaif they keep fighting |
| Progressive conditional | menküreşmey tursamif I keep on not fighting | senküreşmey tursaŋif you keep on not fighting | olküreşmey tursaif he keeps on not fighting | bizküreşmey tursaqif we keep on not fighting | sizküreşmey tursağızif you all keep on not fighting | alaküreşmey tursalaif they keep on not fighting |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menküreşe tura esemif I am in the middle of fighting | senküreşe tura eseŋif you are in the middle of fighting | olküreşe tura eseif he is in the middle of fighting | bizküreşe tura esekif we are in the middle of fighting | sizküreşe tura esegizif you all are in the middle of fighting | alaküreşe tura eseleif they are in the middle of fighting |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menküreşmey tura esemif I keep on not fighting | senküreşmey tura eseŋif you keep on not fighting | olküreşmey tura eseif he keeps on not fighting | bizküreşmey tura esekif we keep on not fighting | sizküreşmey tura esegizif you all keep on not fighting | alaküreşmey tura eseleif they keep on not fighting |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menküreşdim esemif I fought | senküreşdiŋ eseŋif you fought | olküreşdi eseif he fought | bizküreşdik esekif we fought | sizküreşdigiz esegizif you all fought | alaküreşdile eseleif they fought |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menküreşmedim esemif I didn't fight | senküreşmediŋ eseŋif you didn't fight | olküreşmedi eseif he didn't fight | bizküreşmedik esekif we didn't fight | sizküreşmedigiz esegizif you all didn't fight | alaküreşmedile eseleif they didn't fight |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menküreşgen esemif I did fight (indeed) | senküreşgen eseŋif you did fight (indeed) | olküreşgen eseif he did fight (indeed) | bizküreşgen esekif we did fight (indeed) | sizküreşgen esegizif you all did fight (indeed) | alaküreşgen eseleif they did fight (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menküreşmegen esemif I didn't fight (indeed) | senküreşmegen eseŋif you didn't fight (indeed) | olküreşmegen eseif he didn't fight (indeed) | bizküreşmegen esekif we didn't fight (indeed) | sizküreşmegen esegizif you all didn't fight (indeed) | alaküreşmegen eseleif they didn't fight (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menküreşgen bolsamif I had fought | senküreşgen bolsaŋif you had fought | olküreşgen bolsaif he had fought | bizküreşgen bolsaqif we had fought | sizküreşgen bolsağızif you all had fought | alaküreşgen bolsalaif they had fought |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menküreşmegen bolsamif I hadn't fought | senküreşmegen bolsaŋif you hadn't fought | olküreşmegen bolsaif he hadn't fought | bizküreşmegen bolsaqif we hadn't fought | sizküreşmegen bolsağızif you all hadn't fought | alaküreşmegen bolsalaif they hadn't fought |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menküreşgen bolsam ediküreşgen bolsam edif only I had fought | senküreşgen bolsaŋ ediküreşgen bolsaŋ edif only you had fought | olküreşgen bolsa ediküreşgen bolsaedif only he had fought | bizküreşgen bolsaq ediküreşgen bolsaq edif only we had fought | sizküreşgen bolsağız ediküreşgen bolsağız edif only you all had fought | alaküreşgen bolsala ediküreşgen bolsalaedif only they had fought |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menküreşmegen bolsam ediküreşmegen bolsam edif only I hadn't fought | senküreşmegen bolsaŋ ediküreşmegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't fought | olküreşmegen bolsa ediküreşmegen bolsaedif only he hadn't fought | bizküreşmegen bolsaq ediküreşmegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't fought | sizküreşmegen bolsağız ediküreşmegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't fought | alaküreşmegen bolsala ediküreşmegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't fought |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menküreşir esemif I will fight | senküreşir eseŋif you will fight | olküreşir eseif he will fight | bizküreşir esekif we will fight | sizküreşir esegizif you all will fight | alaküreşir eseleif they will fight |
| Conditional, aorist | menküreşmez esemif I won't fight | senküreşmez eseŋif you won't fight | olküreşmez eseif he won't fight | bizküreşmez esekif we won't fight | sizküreşmez esegizif you all won't fight | alaküreşmez eseleif they won't fight |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menküreşirik esemif I am going to fight | senküreşirik eseŋif you are going to fight | olküreşirik eseif he is going to fight | bizküreşirik esekif we are going to fight | sizküreşirik esegizif you all are going to fight | alaküreşirik eseleif they are going to fight |
| Conditional, future | menküreşirik tül esemif I am not going to fight | senküreşirik tül eseŋif you are not going to fight | olküreşirik tül eseif he is not going to fight | bizküreşirik tül esekif we are not going to fight | sizküreşirik tül esegizif you all are not going to fight | alaküreşirik tül eseleif they are not going to fight |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menküreşirik bolsamif I were going to fight | senküreşirik bolsaŋif you were going to fight | olküreşirik bolsaif he were going to fight | bizküreşirik bolsaqif we were going to fight | sizküreşirik bolsağızif you all were going to fight | alaküreşirik bolsalaif they were going to fight |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menküreşmezlik bolsamif I were not going to fight | senküreşmezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to fight | olküreşmezlik bolsaif he were not going to fight | bizküreşmezlik bolsaqif we were not going to fight | sizküreşmezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to fight | alaküreşmezlik bolsalaif they were not going to fight |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso küreşdiŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menküreşe bolurmaI must be fighting | senküreşe bolursayou must be fighting | olküreşe bolurhe must be fighting | bizküreşe bolurbuzwe must be fighting | sizküreşe bolursuzyou all must be fighting | alaküreşe bolurlathey must be fighting |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menküreşmey bolurmaI must not be fighting | senküreşmey bolursayou must not be fighting | olküreşmey bolurhe must not be fighting | bizküreşmey bolurbuzwe must not be fighting | sizküreşmey bolursuzyou all must not be fighting | alaküreşmey bolurlathey must not be fighting |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menküreşe tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of fighting | senküreşe tura bolursayou must be in the middle of fighting | olküreşe tura bolurhe must be in the middle of fighting | bizküreşe tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of fighting | sizküreşe tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of fighting | alaküreşe tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of fighting |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menküreşmey tura bolurmaI must keep on not fighting | senküreşmey tura bolursayou must keep on not fighting | olküreşmey tura bolurhe must keep on not fighting | bizküreşmey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not fighting | sizküreşmey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not fighting | alaküreşmey tura bolurlathey must keep on not fighting |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menküreşgen bolurmaI must have fought | senküreşgen bolursayou must have fought | olküreşgen bolurhe must have fought | bizküreşgen bolurbuzwe must have fought | sizküreşgen bolursuzyou all must have fought | alaküreşgen bolurlathey must have fought |
| Inference (must have) | menküreşmegen bolurmaI must not have fought | senküreşmegen bolursayou must not have fought | olküreşmegen bolurhe must not have fought | bizküreşmegen bolurbuzwe must not have fought | sizküreşmegen bolursuzyou all must not have fought | alaküreşmegen bolurlathey must not have fought |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menküreşirik bolurmaI must be going to fight | senküreşirik bolursayou must be going to fight | olküreşirik bolurhe must be going to fight | bizküreşirik bolurbuzwe must be going to fight | sizküreşirik bolursuzyou all must be going to fight | alaküreşirik bolurlathey must be going to fight |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menküreşmezlik bolurmaI must not be going to fight | senküreşmezlik bolursayou must not be going to fight | olküreşmezlik bolurhe must not be going to fight | bizküreşmezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to fight | sizküreşmezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to fight | alaküreşmezlik bolurlathey must not be going to fight |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menküreşeyimlet me fight | senküreş!fight! | olküreşsinlet him fight | bizküreşeyiklet's fight | sizküreşigiz!fight, you all! | alaküreşsinlelet them fight |
| Commands & suggestions | menküreşmeyimlet me not fight | senküreşme!don't fight! | olküreşmesinlet him not fight | bizküreşmeyiklet's not fight | sizküreşmegiz!don't fight, you all! | alaküreşmesinlelet them not fight |
| Commands & suggestions | menküreşeyimmi?shall I fight? | olküreşsinmi?should he fight? | bizküreşeyikmi?shall we fight? | alaküreşsinlemi?should they fight? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menküreşmeyimmi?shall I not fight? | olküreşmesinmi?should he not fight? | bizküreşmeyikmi?shall we not fight? | alaküreşmesinlemi?should they not fight? | ||
| Requests | senküreşçi2küreşçinplease fight | olküreşsinçido let him fight | sizküreşçigizplease fight (plural/polite) | alaküreşsinleçido let them fight | ||
| Requests | senküreşmeçi2küreşmeçinplease don't fight | olküreşmesinçido let him not fight | sizküreşmeçigizplease don't fight (plural/polite) | alaküreşmesinleçido let them not fight | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senküreşginküreşgimay you fight | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senküreşmeginküreşmegimay you not fight | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menküreşgey edim küreşge edimwould that I fought | senküreşgey ediŋ küreşge ediŋwould that you fought | olküreşgey edi küreşge ediwould that he fought | bizküreşgey edik küreşge edikwould that we fought | sizküreşgey edigiz küreşge edigizwould that you all fought | alaküreşgey edile küreşge edilewould that they fought |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menküreşmegey edim küreşmege edimwould that I did not fight | senküreşmegey ediŋ küreşmege ediŋwould that you did not fight | olküreşmegey edi küreşmege ediwould that he did not fight | bizküreşmegey edik küreşmege edikwould that we did not fight | sizküreşmegey edigiz küreşmege edigizwould that you all did not fight | alaküreşmegey edile küreşmege edilewould that they did not fight |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menküreşmege qoyayımküreşme qoyayımlet me allow someone to fight | senküreşmege qoy!küreşme qoy!let someone fight! | olküreşmege qoysunküreşme qoysunlet him allow someone to fight | bizküreşmege qoyayıqküreşme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to fight | sizküreşmege qoyuğuz!küreşme qoyuğuz!let someone fight, you all! | alaküreşmege qoysunlaküreşme qoysunlalet them allow someone to fight |
| Let someone… (commands) | menküreşmege qoymayımküreşme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to fight | senküreşmege qoyma!küreşme qoyma!don't let someone fight! | olküreşmege qoymasınküreşme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to fight | bizküreşmege qoymayıqküreşme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to fight | sizküreşmege qoymağız!küreşme qoymağız!don't let someone fight, you all! | alaküreşmege qoymasınlaküreşme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to fight |
| Let someone… (commands) | menküreşmege qoyayımmı?küreşme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to fight? | olküreşmege qoysunmu?küreşme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to fight? | bizküreşmege qoyayıqmı?küreşme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to fight? | alaküreşmege qoysunlamı?küreşme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to fight? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menküreşmege qoymayımmı?küreşme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to fight? | olküreşmege qoymasınmı?küreşme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to fight? | bizküreşmege qoymayıqmı?küreşme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to fight? | alaküreşmege qoymasınlamı?küreşme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to fight? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menküreşmege qoyamaküreşme qoyamaI allow someone to fight | senküreşmege qoyasaküreşme qoyasayou allow someone to fight | olküreşmege qoyadıküreşme qoyadıhe allows someone to fight | bizküreşmege qoyabızküreşme qoyabızwe allow someone to fight | sizküreşmege qoyasızküreşme qoyasızyou all allow someone to fight | alaküreşmege qoyadılaküreşme qoyadılathey allow someone to fight |
| Let someone… (present) | menküreşmege qoymaymaküreşme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to fight | senküreşmege qoymaysaküreşme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to fight | olküreşmege qoymaydıküreşme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to fight | bizküreşmege qoymaybızküreşme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to fight | sizküreşmege qoymaysızküreşme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to fight | alaküreşmege qoymaydılaküreşme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to fight |
| Let someone… (present) | menküreşmege qoyamamı?küreşme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to fight? | senküreşmege qoyamısa?küreşme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to fight? | olküreşmege qoyamıdı?küreşme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to fight? | bizküreşmege qoyabızmı?küreşme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to fight? | sizküreşmege qoyamısız?küreşme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to fight? | alaküreşmege qoyamıdıla?küreşme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to fight? |
| Let someone… (present) | menküreşmege qoymaymamı?küreşme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to fight? | senküreşmege qoymaymısa?küreşme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to fight? | olküreşmege qoymaymıdı?küreşme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to fight? | bizküreşmege qoymaybızmı?küreşme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to fight? | sizküreşmege qoymaymısız?küreşme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to fight? | alaküreşmege qoymaymıdıla?küreşme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to fight? |
| Let someone… (past) | menküreşmege qoydumküreşme qoydumI allowed someone to fight | senküreşmege qoyduŋküreşme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to fight | olküreşmege qoyduküreşme qoyduhe allowed someone to fight | bizküreşmege qoyduqküreşme qoyduqwe allowed someone to fight | sizküreşmege qoyduğuzküreşme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to fight | alaküreşmege qoydulaküreşme qoydulathey allowed someone to fight |
| Let someone… (past) | menküreşmege qoymadımküreşme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to fight | senküreşmege qoymadıŋküreşme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to fight | olküreşmege qoymadıküreşme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to fight | bizküreşmege qoymadıqküreşme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to fight | sizküreşmege qoymadığızküreşme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to fight | alaküreşmege qoymadılaküreşme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to fight |
| Let someone… (past) | menküreşmege qoydummu?küreşme qoydummu?did I allow someone to fight? | senküreşmege qoyduŋmu?küreşme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to fight? | olküreşmege qoydumu?küreşme qoydumu?did he allow someone to fight? | bizküreşmege qoyduqmu?küreşme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to fight? | sizküreşmege qoyduğuzmu?küreşme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to fight? | alaküreşmege qoydulamı?küreşme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to fight? |
| Let someone… (past) | menküreşmege qoymadımmı?küreşme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to fight? | senküreşmege qoymadıŋmı?küreşme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to fight? | olküreşmege qoymadımı?küreşme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to fight? | bizküreşmege qoymadıqmı?küreşme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to fight? | sizküreşmege qoymadığızmı?küreşme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to fight? | alaküreşmege qoymadılamı?küreşme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to fight? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
küreşalırğa be able to fight · küreşalmazğa be unable to fight
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menküreşalamaI can fight | senküreşalasayou can fight | olküreşaladıhe can fight | bizküreşalabızwe can fight | sizküreşalasızyou all can fight | alaküreşaladılathey can fight |
| Ability — present | menküreşalmaymaI can't fight | senküreşalmaysayou can't fight | olküreşalmaydıhe can't fight | bizküreşalmaybızwe can't fight | sizküreşalmaysızyou all can't fight | alaküreşalmaydılathey can't fight |
| Ability — present | menküreşalamamı? küreşalamıma?can I fight? | senküreşalamısa?can you fight? | olküreşalamıdı?can he fight? | bizküreşalabızmı? küreşalamıbız?can we fight? | sizküreşalamısız?can you all fight? | alaküreşalamıdıla?can they fight? |
| Ability — present | menküreşalmaymamı? küreşalmaymıma?can't I fight? | senküreşalmaymısa?can't you fight? | olküreşalmaymıdı?can't he fight? | bizküreşalmaybızmı? küreşalmaymıbız?can't we fight? | sizküreşalmaymısız?can't you all fight? | alaküreşalmaymıdıla?can't they fight? |
| Ability — if I can… | menküreşalsamif I can fight | senküreşalsaŋif you can fight | olküreşalsaif he can fight | bizküreşalsaqif we can fight | sizküreşalsağızif you all can fight | alaküreşalsalaif they can fight |
| Ability — if I can… | menküreşalmasamif I can't fight | senküreşalmasaŋif you can't fight | olküreşalmasaif he can't fight | bizküreşalmasaqif we can't fight | sizküreşalmasağızif you all can't fight | alaküreşalmasalaif they can't fight |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menküreşaldımI was able to fight | senküreşaldıŋyou were able to fight | olküreşaldıhe was able to fight | bizküreşaldıqwe were able to fight | sizküreşaldığızyou all were able to fight | alaküreşaldılathey were able to fight |
| Ability — simple past | menküreşalmadımI could not fight | senküreşalmadıŋyou could not fight | olküreşalmadıhe could not fight | bizküreşalmadıqwe could not fight | sizküreşalmadığızyou all could not fight | alaküreşalmadılathey could not fight |
| Ability — simple past | menküreşaldımmı?was I able to fight? | senküreşaldıŋmı?were you able to fight? | olküreşaldımı?was he able to fight? | bizküreşaldıqmı?were we able to fight? | sizküreşaldığızmı?were you all able to fight? | alaküreşaldılamı?were they able to fight? |
| Ability — simple past | menküreşalmadımmı?couldn't I fight? | senküreşalmadıŋmı?couldn't you fight? | olküreşalmadımı?couldn't he fight? | bizküreşalmadıqmı?couldn't we fight? | sizküreşalmadığızmı?couldn't you all fight? | alaküreşalmadılamı?couldn't they fight? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menküreşalğanmaI have been able to fight | senküreşalğansayou have been able to fight | olküreşalğandıhe has been able to fight | bizküreşalğanbızwe have been able to fight | sizküreşalğansızyou all have been able to fight | alaküreşalğandılathey have been able to fight |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menküreşalmağanmaI haven't been able to fight | senküreşalmağansayou haven't been able to fight | olküreşalmağandıhe hasn't been able to fight | bizküreşalmağanbızwe haven't been able to fight | sizküreşalmağansızyou all haven't been able to fight | alaküreşalmağandılathey haven't been able to fight |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menküreşalğanmamı? küreşalğanmıma?have I been able to fight? | senküreşalğanmısa?have you been able to fight? | olküreşalğanmıdı?has he been able to fight? | bizküreşalğanbızmı? küreşalğanmıbız?have we been able to fight? | sizküreşalğanmısız?have you all been able to fight? | alaküreşalğanmıdıla?have they been able to fight? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menküreşalmağanmamı? küreşalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to fight? | senküreşalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to fight? | olküreşalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to fight? | bizküreşalmağanbızmı? küreşalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to fight? | sizküreşalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to fight? | alaküreşalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to fight? |
| Ability — past perfect | menküreşalğan edimküreşalğanemI had been able to fight | senküreşalğan ediŋküreşalğaneŋyou had been able to fight | olküreşalğan ediküreşalğanedhe had been able to fight | bizküreşalğan edikküreşalğanekwe had been able to fight | sizküreşalğan edigizküreşalğanegizyou all had been able to fight | alaküreşalğan edileküreşalğanellethey had been able to fight |
| Ability — past perfect | menküreşalmağan edimküreşalmağanemI hadn't been able to fight | senküreşalmağan ediŋküreşalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to fight | olküreşalmağan ediküreşalmağanedhe hadn't been able to fight | bizküreşalmağan edikküreşalmağanekwe hadn't been able to fight | sizküreşalmağan edigizküreşalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to fight | alaküreşalmağan edileküreşalmağanellethey hadn't been able to fight |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menküreşala edimküreşalaemI could fight | senküreşala ediŋküreşalaeŋyou could fight | olküreşala ediküreşalaedhe could fight | bizküreşala edikküreşalaekwe could fight | sizküreşala edigizküreşalaegizyou all could fight | alaküreşala edileküreşalaellethey could fight |
| Ability — past background | menküreşalmay edimküreşalmayemI could not fight | senküreşalmay ediŋküreşalmayeŋyou could not fight | olküreşalmay ediküreşalmayedhe could not fight | bizküreşalmay edikküreşalmayekwe could not fight | sizküreşalmay edigizküreşalmayegizyou all could not fight | alaküreşalmay edileküreşalmayellethey could not fight |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menküreşalırmaI will be able to fight | senküreşalırsayou will be able to fight | olküreşalırhe will be able to fight | bizküreşalırbızwe will be able to fight | sizküreşalırsızyou all will be able to fight | alaküreşalırlathey will be able to fight |
| Ability — future I | menküreşalmazmaI won't be able to fight | senküreşalmazsayou won't be able to fight | olküreşalmazhe won't be able to fight | bizküreşalmazbızwe won't be able to fight | sizküreşalmazsızyou all won't be able to fight | alaküreşalmazlathey won't be able to fight |
| Ability — future I | menküreşalırmamı? küreşalırmıma?will I be able to fight? | senküreşalırmısa?will you be able to fight? | olküreşalırmı?will he be able to fight? | bizküreşalırbızmı? küreşalırmıbız?will we be able to fight? | sizküreşalırmısız?will you all be able to fight? | alaküreşalırlamı? küreşalırmıla?will they be able to fight? |
| Ability — future I | menküreşalmazmamı? küreşalmazmıma?won't I be able to fight? | senküreşalmazmısa?won't you be able to fight? | olküreşalmazmı?won't he be able to fight? | bizküreşalmazbızmı? küreşalmazmıbız?won't we be able to fight? | sizküreşalmazmısız?won't you all be able to fight? | alaküreşalmazlamı? küreşalmazmıla?won't they be able to fight? |
| Ability — future II | menküreşallıqmaI am going to be able to fight | senküreşallıqsayou are going to be able to fight | olküreşallıqdıhe is going to be able to fight | bizküreşallıqbızwe are going to be able to fight | sizküreşallıqsızyou all are going to be able to fight | alaküreşallıqdılathey are going to be able to fight |
| Ability — future II | menküreşallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to fight | senküreşallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to fight | olküreşallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to fight | bizküreşallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to fight | sizküreşallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to fight | alaküreşallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to fight |
| Ability — future II | menküreşallıqmamı? küreşallıqmıma?am I going to be able to fight? | senküreşallıqmısa?are you going to be able to fight? | olküreşallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to fight? | bizküreşallıqbızmı? küreşallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to fight? | sizküreşallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to fight? | alaküreşallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to fight? |
| Ability — future II | menküreşallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to fight? | senküreşallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to fight? | olküreşallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to fight? | bizküreşallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to fight? | sizküreşallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to fight? | alaküreşallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to fight? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menküreşalır edimküreşalır emI would be able to fight | senküreşalır ediŋküreşalır eŋyou would be able to fight | olküreşalır ediküreşalır edhe would be able to fight | bizküreşalır edikküreşalır ekwe would be able to fight | sizküreşalır edigizküreşalır egizyou all would be able to fight | alaküreşalır edileküreşalır ellethey would be able to fight |
| Ability — would be able to… | menküreşalmaz edimküreşalmaz emI wouldn't be able to fight | senküreşalmaz ediŋküreşalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to fight | olküreşalmaz ediküreşalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to fight | bizküreşalmaz edikküreşalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to fight | sizküreşalmaz edigizküreşalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to fight | alaküreşalmaz edileküreşalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to fight |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senküreşalğınküreşalğımay you be able to fight | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senküreşalmağınküreşalmağımay you not be able to fight | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menküreşirge izleymeI want to fight | senküreşirge izleyseyou want to fight | olküreşirge izleydihe wants to fight | bizküreşirge izleybizwe want to fight | sizküreşirge izleysizyou all want to fight | alaküreşirge izleydilethey want to fight |
| want to | menküreşirge izlemeymeI do not want to fight | senküreşirge izlemeyseyou do not want to fight | olküreşirge izlemeydihe does not want to fight | bizküreşirge izlemeybizwe do not want to fight | sizküreşirge izlemeysizyou all do not want to fight | alaküreşirge izlemeydilethey do not want to fight |
| would like to | menküreşirge süemeI would like to fight | senküreşirge süeseyou would like to fight | olküreşirge süedihe would like to fight | bizküreşirge süebizwe would like to fight | sizküreşirge süesizyou all would like to fight | alaküreşirge süedilethey would like to fight |
| would like to | menküreşirge süymeymeI would not like to fight | senküreşirge süymeyseyou would not like to fight | olküreşirge süymeydihe would not like to fight | bizküreşirge süymeybizwe would not like to fight | sizküreşirge süymeysizyou all would not like to fight | alaküreşirge süymeydilethey would not like to fight |
| hope to | menküreşirge umutlanamaI hope to fight | senküreşirge umutlanasayou hope to fight | olküreşirge umutlanadıhe hopes to fight | bizküreşirge umutlanabızwe hope to fight | sizküreşirge umutlanasızyou all hope to fight | alaküreşirge umutlanadılathey hope to fight |
| hope to | menküreşirge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to fight | senküreşirge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to fight | olküreşirge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to fight | bizküreşirge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to fight | sizküreşirge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to fight | alaküreşirge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to fight |
| be about to | menküreşirge deb turamaI am about to fight | senküreşirge deb turasayou are about to fight | olküreşirge deb turadıhe is about to fight | bizküreşirge deb turabızwe are about to fight | sizküreşirge deb turasızyou all are about to fight | alaküreşirge deb turadılathey are about to fight |
| be about to | menküreşirge deb turmaymaI am not about to fight | senküreşirge deb turmaysayou are not about to fight | olküreşirge deb turmaydıhe is not about to fight | bizküreşirge deb turmaybızwe are not about to fight | sizküreşirge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to fight | alaküreşirge deb turmaydılathey are not about to fight |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menküreşirge kerekmeI need to fight | senküreşirge kerekseyou need to fight | olküreşirge kerekdihe needs to fight | bizküreşirge kerekbizwe need to fight | sizküreşirge kereksizyou all need to fight | alaküreşirge kerekdilethey need to fight |
| need to | menküreşirge kerek tülmeI do not need to fight | senküreşirge kerek tülseyou do not need to fight | olküreşirge kerek tüldühe does not need to fight | bizküreşirge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to fight | sizküreşirge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to fight | alaküreşirge kerek tüldülethey do not need to fight |
| have to | menmenŋe küreşirge tüşediI have to fight | sensenŋe küreşirge tüşediyou have to fight | olaŋa küreşirge tüşedihe has to fight | bizbizge küreşirge tüşediwe have to fight | sizsizge küreşirge tüşediyou all have to fight | alaalağa küreşirge tüşedithey have to fight |
| have to | menmenŋe küreşirge tüşmeydiI do not have to fight | sensenŋe küreşirge tüşmeydiyou do not have to fight | olaŋa küreşirge tüşmeydihe does not have to fight | bizbizge küreşirge tüşmeydiwe do not have to fight | sizsizge küreşirge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to fight | alaalağa küreşirge tüşmeydithey do not have to fight |
| be obliged to | menküreşirge borçlumaI am obliged to fight | senküreşirge borçlusayou are obliged to fight | olküreşirge borçluduhe is obliged to fight | bizküreşirge borçlubuzwe are obliged to fight | sizküreşirge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to fight | alaküreşirge borçludulathey are obliged to fight |
| be obliged to | menküreşirge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to fight | senküreşirge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to fight | olküreşirge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to fight | bizküreşirge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to fight | sizküreşirge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to fight | alaküreşirge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to fight |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menküreşirge madarım bardıI have a way to fight | senküreşirge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to fight | olküreşirge madarı bardıhe has a way to fight | bizküreşirge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to fight | sizküreşirge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to fight | alaküreşirge madarları bardıthey have a way to fight |
| have a way to | menküreşirge madarım joqduI have no way to fight | senküreşirge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to fight | olküreşirge madarı joqduhe has no way to fight | bizküreşirge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to fight | sizküreşirge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to fight | alaküreşirge madarları joqduthey have no way to fight |
| be free to | menküreşirge erkinligim bardıI am free to fight | senküreşirge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to fight | olküreşirge erkinligi bardıhe is free to fight | bizküreşirge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to fight | sizküreşirge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to fight | alaküreşirge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to fight |
| be free to | menküreşirge erkinligim joqduI am not free to fight | senküreşirge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to fight | olküreşirge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to fight | bizküreşirge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to fight | sizküreşirge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to fight | alaküreşirge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to fight |
| be possible to | menmenŋe küreşirge bolluqduit is possible for me to fight | sensenŋe küreşirge bolluqduit is possible for you to fight | olaŋa küreşirge bolluqduit is possible for him to fight | bizbizge küreşirge bolluqduit is possible for us to fight | sizsizge küreşirge bolluqduit is possible for you all to fight | alaalağa küreşirge bolluqduit is possible for them to fight |
| be possible to | menmenŋe küreşirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to fight | sensenŋe küreşirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to fight | olaŋa küreşirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to fight | bizbizge küreşirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to fight | sizsizge küreşirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to fight | alaalağa küreşirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to fight |
| be ready to | menküreşirge hazırmaI am ready to fight | senküreşirge hazırsayou are ready to fight | olküreşirge hazırdıhe is ready to fight | bizküreşirge hazırbızwe are ready to fight | sizküreşirge hazırsızyou all are ready to fight | alaküreşirge hazırdılathey are ready to fight |
| be ready to | menküreşirge hazır tülmeI am not ready to fight | senküreşirge hazır tülseyou are not ready to fight | olküreşirge hazır tüldühe is not ready to fight | bizküreşirge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to fight | sizküreşirge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to fight | alaküreşirge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to fight |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menküreşirge küreşemeI am trying to fight | senküreşirge küreşeseyou are trying to fight | olküreşirge küreşedihe is trying to fight | bizküreşirge küreşebizwe are trying to fight | sizküreşirge küreşesizyou all are trying to fight | alaküreşirge küreşedilethey are trying to fight |
| try to | menküreşirge küreşmeymeI am not trying to fight | senküreşirge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to fight | olküreşirge küreşmeydihe is not trying to fight | bizküreşirge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to fight | sizküreşirge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to fight | alaküreşirge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to fight |
| agree to | menküreşirge unaymaI agree to fight | senküreşirge unaysayou agree to fight | olküreşirge unaydıhe agrees to fight | bizküreşirge unaybızwe agree to fight | sizküreşirge unaysızyou all agree to fight | alaküreşirge unaydılathey agree to fight |
| agree to | menküreşirge unamaymaI refuse to fight | senküreşirge unamaysayou refuse to fight | olküreşirge unamaydıhe refuses to fight | bizküreşirge unamaybızwe refuse to fight | sizküreşirge unamaysızyou all refuse to fight | alaküreşirge unamaydılathey refuse to fight |
| hurry to | menküreşirge aşığamaI am in a hurry to fight | senküreşirge aşığasayou are in a hurry to fight | olküreşirge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to fight | bizküreşirge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to fight | sizküreşirge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to fight | alaküreşirge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to fight |
| hurry to | menküreşirge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to fight | senküreşirge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to fight | olküreşirge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to fight | bizküreşirge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to fight | sizküreşirge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to fight | alaküreşirge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to fight |
| be afraid to | menküreşirge qorqamaI am afraid to fight | senküreşirge qorqasayou are afraid to fight | olküreşirge qorqadıhe is afraid to fight | bizküreşirge qorqabızwe are afraid to fight | sizküreşirge qorqasızyou all are afraid to fight | alaküreşirge qorqadılathey are afraid to fight |
| be afraid to | menküreşirge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to fight | senküreşirge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to fight | olküreşirge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to fight | bizküreşirge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to fight | sizküreşirge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to fight | alaküreşirge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to fight |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menküreşe bolmazmaI can't be fighting | senküreşe bolmazsayou can't be fighting | olküreşe bolmazhe can't be fighting | bizküreşe bolmazbızwe can't be fighting | sizküreşe bolmazsızyou all can't be fighting | alaküreşe bolmazlathey can't be fighting |
| Inference, present — double negation | menküreşmey bolmazmaI must be fighting (emphatic) | senküreşmey bolmazsayou must be fighting (emphatic) | olküreşmey bolmazhe must be fighting (emphatic) | bizküreşmey bolmazbızwe must be fighting (emphatic) | sizküreşmey bolmazsızyou all must be fighting (emphatic) | alaküreşmey bolmazlathey must be fighting (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menküreşe turmasamif I don't keep fighting | senküreşe turmasaŋif you don't keep fighting | olküreşe turmasaif he doesn't keep fighting | bizküreşe turmasaqif we don't keep fighting | sizküreşe turmasağızif you all don't keep fighting | alaküreşe turmasalaif they don't keep fighting |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menküreşe tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of fighting | senküreşe tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of fighting | olküreşe tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of fighting | bizküreşe tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of fighting | sizküreşe tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of fighting | alaküreşe tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of fighting |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menküreşmey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not fighting (emphatic) | senküreşmey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not fighting (emphatic) | olküreşmey tura bolmazhe must keep on not fighting (emphatic) | bizküreşmey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not fighting (emphatic) | sizküreşmey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not fighting (emphatic) | alaküreşmey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not fighting (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menküreşmey turamaI keep on not fighting | senküreşmey turasayou keep on not fighting | olküreşmey turadıhe keeps on not fighting | bizküreşmey turabızwe keep on not fighting | sizküreşmey turasızyou all keep on not fighting | alaküreşmey turadılathey keep on not fighting |
| Progressive — double negation | menküreşmey turmaymaI am not keeping on not fighting | senküreşmey turmaysayou are not keeping on not fighting | olküreşmey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not fighting | bizküreşmey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not fighting | sizküreşmey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not fighting | alaküreşmey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not fighting |
| Progressive — double negation | menküreşmey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not fighting? | senküreşmey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not fighting? | olküreşmey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not fighting? | bizküreşmey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not fighting? | sizküreşmey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not fighting? | alaküreşmey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not fighting? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menküreşgen bolmazmaI can't have fought | senküreşgen bolmazsayou can't have fought | olküreşgen bolmazhe can't have fought | bizküreşgen bolmazbızwe can't have fought | sizküreşgen bolmazsızyou all can't have fought | alaküreşgen bolmazlathey can't have fought |
| Inference — double negation | menküreşmegen bolmazmaI must have fought (emphatic) | senküreşmegen bolmazsayou must have fought (emphatic) | olküreşmegen bolmazhe must have fought (emphatic) | bizküreşmegen bolmazbızwe must have fought (emphatic) | sizküreşmegen bolmazsızyou all must have fought (emphatic) | alaküreşmegen bolmazlathey must have fought (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menküreşgen bolmasamif it weren't that I had fought | senküreşgen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had fought | olküreşgen bolmasaif it weren't that he had fought | bizküreşgen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had fought | sizküreşgen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had fought | alaküreşgen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had fought |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menküreşmegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't fought | senküreşmegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't fought | olküreşmegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't fought | bizküreşmegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't fought | sizküreşmegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't fought | alaküreşmegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't fought |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menküreşirik bolmazmaI can't be going to fight | senküreşirik bolmazsayou can't be going to fight | olküreşirik bolmazhe can't be going to fight | bizküreşirik bolmazbızwe can't be going to fight | sizküreşirik bolmazsızyou all can't be going to fight | alaküreşirik bolmazlathey can't be going to fight |
| Inference, future — double negation | menküreşmezlik bolmazmaI must be going to fight (emphatic) | senküreşmezlik bolmazsayou must be going to fight (emphatic) | olküreşmezlik bolmazhe must be going to fight (emphatic) | bizküreşmezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to fight (emphatic) | sizküreşmezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to fight (emphatic) | alaküreşmezlik bolmazlathey must be going to fight (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menküreşirik bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to fight | senküreşirik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to fight | olküreşirik bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to fight | bizküreşirik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to fight | sizküreşirik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to fight | alaküreşirik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to fight |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menküreşmezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to fight | senküreşmezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to fight | olküreşmezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to fight | bizküreşmezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to fight | sizküreşmezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to fight | alaküreşmezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to fight |