jığarğa
/dʒɯʁarʁa/
1. defeat, beat, overcome in wrestling — Used of getting the better of an opponent in a wrestling match, as in tutuşub jığarğa. The participle jıqğan means the winner of a wrestling bout.
- tutuşub jığarğa — to defeat someone by wrestling
- men anı jıqdım — I beat him
- ol meni jıqdı — he beat me
- tutuşub anı jıqdım — I beat him at wrestling
- biz alanı jıqdıq — we defeated them
2. knock down, topple, overturn
- urub jığarğa — to knock someone off their feet
- jel terekni jıqdı — the wind toppled the tree
- sabiy şindikni jıqdı — the child knocked the chair over
- men qabırğanı jığama — I am knocking the wall down
3. fell, strike down, kill — Said of a bullet, a shell or a mine bringing someone down. one source
- oq anı jıqdı — the bullet struck him down
- oq askerçini jıqdı — the bullet felled the soldier
- oq meni jıqmadı — the bullet did not strike me down
4. throw off, buck off, unseat — Said of a horse or a donkey throwing its rider. one source
- at atlını jıqdı — the horse threw its rider
- eşek sabiyni jıqdı — the donkey threw the child off
- at meni jıqmadı — the horse did not throw me
5. overthrow, depose, bring down
- patçahnı jığarğa — to overthrow the tsar
- halq patçahnı jıqdı — the people overthrew the tsar
- ala biyni jığadıla — they are bringing the prince down
6. lay low, strike down — Said of an illness that puts someone off their feet. one source
- awruw anı jıqdı — the illness laid him low
- awruw atamı jıqdı — the illness laid my father low
- awruw meni jıqmadı — the illness did not lay me low
Expressions
- atdan jığarğa — throw off balance
- bir sözü on söznü jıqğan — eloquent speaker
- ur da jıq, tart da kes — flatly refuse
Conjugation
Common forms
- jığadıhe is knocking down
- jıqdıhe knocked down
- jıqğandıhe has knocked down
- jığarhe will knock down
- jığarıqdıhe is going to knock down
- jığa edihe was knocking down
- jıqsaif he knocks down
- jıq!knock down!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjığamaI am knocking down | senjığasayou are knocking down | oljığadıhe is knocking down | bizjığabızwe are knocking down | sizjığasızyou all are knocking down | alajığadılathey are knocking down |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjıqmaymaI am not knocking down | senjıqmaysayou are not knocking down | oljıqmaydıhe is not knocking down | bizjıqmaybızwe are not knocking down | sizjıqmaysızyou all are not knocking down | alajıqmaydılathey are not knocking down |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjığamamı? jığamıma?am I knocking down? | senjığamısa?are you knocking down? | oljığamıdı?is he knocking down? | bizjığabızmı? jığamıbız?are we knocking down? | sizjığamısız?are you all knocking down? | alajığamıdıla?are they knocking down? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjıqmaymamı? jıqmaymıma?aren't I knocking down? | senjıqmaymısa?aren't you knocking down? | oljıqmaymıdı?isn't he knocking down? | bizjıqmaybızmı? jıqmaymıbız?aren't we knocking down? | sizjıqmaymısız?aren't you all knocking down? | alajıqmaymıdıla?aren't they knocking down? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjığıwçanmaI usually knock down | senjığıwçansayou usually knock down | oljığıwçandıhe usually knocks down | bizjığıwçanbızwe usually knock down | sizjığıwçansızyou all usually knock down | alajığıwçandılathey usually knock down |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjıqmawçanmaI usually don't knock down | senjıqmawçansayou usually don't knock down | oljıqmawçandıhe usually doesn't knock down | bizjıqmawçanbızwe usually don't knock down | sizjıqmawçansızyou all usually don't knock down | alajıqmawçandılathey usually don't knock down |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjığıwçanmamı? jığıwçanmıma?do I usually knock down? | senjığıwçanmısa?do you usually knock down? | oljığıwçanmıdı?does he usually knock down? | bizjığıwçanbızmı? jığıwçanmıbız?do we usually knock down? | sizjığıwçanmısız?do you all usually knock down? | alajığıwçanmıdıla?do they usually knock down? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjıqmawçanmamı? jıqmawçanmıma?do I usually not knock down? | senjıqmawçanmısa?do you usually not knock down? | oljıqmawçanmıdı?does he usually not knock down? | bizjıqmawçanbızmı? jıqmawçanmıbız?do we usually not knock down? | sizjıqmawçanmısız?do you all usually not knock down? | alajıqmawçanmıdıla?do they usually not knock down? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljığıbdıhe has knocked down and remains so | alajığıbdılathey have knocked down and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljığıbmıdı?has he knocked down? | alajığıbmıdıla?have they knocked down? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjığıb turamaI keep knocking down | senjığıb turasayou keep knocking down | oljığıb turadıhe keeps knocking down | bizjığıb turabızwe keep knocking down | sizjığıb turasızyou all keep knocking down | alajığıb turadılathey keep knocking down |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjığıb turmaymaI don't keep knocking down | senjığıb turmaysayou don't keep knocking down | oljığıb turmaydıhe doesn't keep knocking down | bizjığıb turmaybızwe don't keep knocking down | sizjığıb turmaysızyou all don't keep knocking down | alajığıb turmaydılathey don't keep knocking down |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjığıb turamamı? jığıb turamıma?do I keep knocking down? | senjığıb turamısa?do you keep knocking down? | oljığıb turamıdı?does he keep knocking down? | bizjığıb turabızmı? jığıb turamıbız?do we keep knocking down? | sizjığıb turamısız?do you all keep knocking down? | alajığıb turamıdıla?do they keep knocking down? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjığıb turmaymamı? jığıb turmaymıma?don't I keep knocking down? | senjığıb turmaymısa?don't you keep knocking down? | oljığıb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep knocking down? | bizjığıb turmaybızmı? jığıb turmaymıbız?don't we keep knocking down? | sizjığıb turmaymısız?don't you all keep knocking down? | alajığıb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep knocking down? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjığa turamaI am in the middle of knocking down | senjığa turasayou are in the middle of knocking down | oljığa turadıhe is in the middle of knocking down | bizjığa turabızwe are in the middle of knocking down | sizjığa turasızyou all are in the middle of knocking down | alajığa turadılathey are in the middle of knocking down |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjığa turmaymaI am not in the middle of knocking down | senjığa turmaysayou are not in the middle of knocking down | oljığa turmaydıhe is not in the middle of knocking down | bizjığa turmaybızwe are not in the middle of knocking down | sizjığa turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of knocking down | alajığa turmaydılathey are not in the middle of knocking down |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjığa turamamı? jığa turamıma?am I in the middle of knocking down? | senjığa turamısa?are you in the middle of knocking down? | oljığa turamıdı?is he in the middle of knocking down? | bizjığa turabızmı? jığa turamıbız?are we in the middle of knocking down? | sizjığa turamısız?are you all in the middle of knocking down? | alajığa turamıdıla?are they in the middle of knocking down? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjığa turmaymamı? jığa turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of knocking down? | senjığa turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of knocking down? | oljığa turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of knocking down? | bizjığa turmaybızmı? jığa turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of knocking down? | sizjığa turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of knocking down? | alajığa turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of knocking down? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjıqdımI knocked down | senjıqdıŋyou knocked down | oljıqdıhe knocked down | bizjıqdıqwe knocked down | sizjıqdığızyou all knocked down | alajıqdılathey knocked down |
| Simple past (definite) | menjıqmadımI didn't knock down | senjıqmadıŋyou didn't knock down | oljıqmadıhe didn't knock down | bizjıqmadıqwe didn't knock down | sizjıqmadığızyou all didn't knock down | alajıqmadılathey didn't knock down |
| Simple past (definite) | menjıqdımmı?did I knock down? | senjıqdıŋmı?did you knock down? | oljıqdımı?did he knock down? | bizjıqdıqmı?did we knock down? | sizjıqdığızmı?did you all knock down? | alajıqdılamı?did they knock down? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjıqmadımmı?didn't I knock down? | senjıqmadıŋmı?didn't you knock down? | oljıqmadımı?didn't he knock down? | bizjıqmadıqmı?didn't we knock down? | sizjıqmadığızmı?didn't you all knock down? | alajıqmadılamı?didn't they knock down? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjıqğanmaI have knocked down | senjıqğansayou have knocked down | oljıqğandıhe has knocked down | bizjıqğanbızwe have knocked down | sizjıqğansızyou all have knocked down | alajıqğandılathey have knocked down |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjıqmağanmaI haven't knocked down | senjıqmağansayou haven't knocked down | oljıqmağandıhe hasn't knocked down | bizjıqmağanbızwe haven't knocked down | sizjıqmağansızyou all haven't knocked down | alajıqmağandılathey haven't knocked down |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjıqğanmamı? jıqğanmıma?have I knocked down? | senjıqğanmısa?have you knocked down? | oljıqğanmıdı?has he knocked down? | bizjıqğanbızmı? jıqğanmıbız?have we knocked down? | sizjıqğanmısız?have you all knocked down? | alajıqğanmıdıla?have they knocked down? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjıqmağanmamı? jıqmağanmıma?haven't I knocked down? | senjıqmağanmısa?haven't you knocked down? | oljıqmağanmıdı?hasn't he knocked down? | bizjıqmağanbızmı? jıqmağanmıbız?haven't we knocked down? | sizjıqmağanmısız?haven't you all knocked down? | alajıqmağanmıdıla?haven't they knocked down? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjığıb turdumI kept knocking down | senjığıb turduŋyou kept knocking down | oljığıb turduhe kept knocking down | bizjığıb turduqwe kept knocking down | sizjığıb turduğuzyou all kept knocking down | alajığıb turdulathey kept knocking down |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjığıb turmadımI didn't keep knocking down | senjığıb turmadıŋyou didn't keep knocking down | oljığıb turmadıhe didn't keep knocking down | bizjığıb turmadıqwe didn't keep knocking down | sizjığıb turmadığızyou all didn't keep knocking down | alajığıb turmadılathey didn't keep knocking down |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjığarmaI will knock down | senjığarsayou will knock down | oljığarhe will knock down | bizjığarbızwe will knock down | sizjığarsızyou all will knock down | alajığarlathey will knock down |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjıqmazmaI won't knock down | senjıqmazsayou won't knock down | oljıqmazhe won't knock down | bizjıqmazbızwe won't knock down | sizjıqmazsızyou all won't knock down | alajıqmazlathey won't knock down |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjığarmamı? jığarmıma?will I knock down? | senjığarmısa?will you knock down? | oljığarmı?will he knock down? | bizjığarbızmı? jığarmıbız?will we knock down? | sizjığarmısız?will you all knock down? | alajığarlamı? jığarmıla?will they knock down? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjıqmazmamı? jıqmazmıma?won't I knock down? | senjıqmazmısa?won't you knock down? | oljıqmazmı?won't he knock down? | bizjıqmazbızmı? jıqmazmıbız?won't we knock down? | sizjıqmazmısız?won't you all knock down? | alajıqmazlamı? jıqmazmıla?won't they knock down? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjığarıqmaI am going to knock down | senjığarıqsayou are going to knock down | oljığarıqdıhe is going to knock down | bizjığarıqbızwe are going to knock down | sizjığarıqsızyou all are going to knock down | alajığarıqdılathey are going to knock down |
| Definite future (future II) | menjığarıq tülmeI am not going to knock down | senjığarıq tülseyou are not going to knock down | oljığarıq tüldühe is not going to knock down | bizjığarıq tülbüzwe are not going to knock down | sizjığarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to knock down | alajığarıq tüldülethey are not going to knock down |
| Definite future (future II) | menjığarıqmamı? jığarıqmıma?am I going to knock down? | senjığarıqmısa?are you going to knock down? | oljığarıqmıdı?is he going to knock down? | bizjığarıqbızmı? jığarıqmıbız?are we going to knock down? | sizjığarıqmısız?are you all going to knock down? | alajığarıqmıdıla?are they going to knock down? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjığarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to knock down? | senjığarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to knock down? | oljığarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to knock down? | bizjığarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to knock down? | sizjığarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to knock down? | alajığarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to knock down? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjıqğan edimjıqğanemI had knocked down | senjıqğan ediŋjıqğaneŋyou had knocked down | oljıqğan edijıqğanedhe had knocked down | bizjıqğan edikjıqğanekwe had knocked down | sizjıqğan edigizjıqğanegizyou all had knocked down | alajıqğan edilejıqğanellethey had knocked down |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjıqmağan edimjıqmağanemI hadn't knocked down | senjıqmağan ediŋjıqmağaneŋyou hadn't knocked down | oljıqmağan edijıqmağanedhe hadn't knocked down | bizjıqmağan edikjıqmağanekwe hadn't knocked down | sizjıqmağan edigizjıqmağanegizyou all hadn't knocked down | alajıqmağan edilejıqmağanellethey hadn't knocked down |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjığa edimjığaemI was knocking down | senjığa ediŋjığaeŋyou were knocking down | oljığa edijığaedhe was knocking down | bizjığa edikjığaekwe were knocking down | sizjığa edigizjığaegizyou all were knocking down | alajığa edilejığaellethey were knocking down |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjıqmay edimjıqmayemI wasn't knocking down | senjıqmay ediŋjıqmayeŋyou weren't knocking down | oljıqmay edijıqmayedhe wasn't knocking down | bizjıqmay edikjıqmayekwe weren't knocking down | sizjıqmay edigizjıqmayegizyou all weren't knocking down | alajıqmay edilejıqmayellethey weren't knocking down |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menjığıwçan edimjığıwçanemI used to knock down | senjığıwçan ediŋjığıwçaneŋyou used to knock down | oljığıwçan edijığıwçanedhe used to knock down | bizjığıwçan edikjığıwçanekwe used to knock down | sizjığıwçan edigizjığıwçanegizyou all used to knock down | alajığıwçan edilejığıwçanellethey used to knock down |
| Habitual past (used to) | menjıqmawçan edimjıqmawçanemI didn't use to knock down | senjıqmawçan ediŋjıqmawçaneŋyou didn't use to knock down | oljıqmawçan edijıqmawçanedhe didn't use to knock down | bizjıqmawçan edikjıqmawçanekwe didn't use to knock down | sizjıqmawçan edigizjıqmawçanegizyou all didn't use to knock down | alajıqmawçan edilejıqmawçanellethey didn't use to knock down |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljığıb edihe had knocked down and remained so | alajığıb edilethey had knocked down and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljığıb tül edihe hadn't knocked down | alajığıb tül edilethey hadn't knocked down | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjığıb tura edimjığıb turaemI had kept knocking down | senjığıb tura ediŋjığıb turaeŋyou had kept knocking down | oljığıb tura edijığıb turaedhe had kept knocking down | bizjığıb tura edikjığıb turaekwe had kept knocking down | sizjığıb tura edigizjığıb turaegizyou all had kept knocking down | alajığıb tura edilejığıb turaellethey had kept knocking down |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjığıb turmay edimjığıb turmayemI hadn't kept knocking down | senjığıb turmay ediŋjığıb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept knocking down | oljığıb turmay edijığıb turmayedhe hadn't kept knocking down | bizjığıb turmay edikjığıb turmayekwe hadn't kept knocking down | sizjığıb turmay edigizjığıb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept knocking down | alajığıb turmay edilejığıb turmayellethey hadn't kept knocking down |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjığa tura edimjığa turaemI was in the middle of knocking down | senjığa tura ediŋjığa turaeŋyou were in the middle of knocking down | oljığa tura edijığa turaedhe was in the middle of knocking down | bizjığa tura edikjığa turaekwe were in the middle of knocking down | sizjığa tura edigizjığa turaegizyou all were in the middle of knocking down | alajığa tura edilejığa turaellethey were in the middle of knocking down |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjığa turmay edimjığa turmayemI wasn't in the middle of knocking down | senjığa turmay ediŋjığa turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of knocking down | oljığa turmay edijığa turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of knocking down | bizjığa turmay edikjığa turmayekwe weren't in the middle of knocking down | sizjığa turmay edigizjığa turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of knocking down | alajığa turmay edilejığa turmayellethey weren't in the middle of knocking down |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menjığar edimjığar emI would knock down | senjığar ediŋjığar eŋyou would knock down | oljığar edijığar edhe would knock down | bizjığar edikjığar ekwe would knock down | sizjığar edigizjığar egizyou all would knock down | alajığar edilejığar ellethey would knock down |
| Conditional result (would) | menjıqmaz edimjıqmaz emI wouldn't knock down | senjıqmaz ediŋjıqmaz eŋyou wouldn't knock down | oljıqmaz edijıqmaz edhe wouldn't knock down | bizjıqmaz edikjıqmaz ekwe wouldn't knock down | sizjıqmaz edigizjıqmaz egizyou all wouldn't knock down | alajıqmaz edilejıqmaz ellethey wouldn't knock down |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjığarıq edimjığarıq emI would have knocked down | senjığarıq ediŋjığarıq eŋyou would have knocked down | oljığarıq edijığarıq edhe would have knocked down | bizjığarıq edikjığarıq ekwe would have knocked down | sizjığarıq edigizjığarıq egizyou all would have knocked down | alajığarıq edilejığarıq ellethey would have knocked down |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjığarıq tül edimjığarıq tül emI wouldn't have knocked down | senjığarıq tül ediŋjığarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have knocked down | oljığarıq tül edijığarıq tül edhe wouldn't have knocked down | bizjığarıq tül edikjığarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have knocked down | sizjığarıq tül edigizjığarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have knocked down | alajığarıq tül edilejığarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have knocked down |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menjıqsamif I knock down | senjıqsaŋif you knock down | oljıqsaif he knocks down | bizjıqsaqif we knock down | sizjıqsağızif you all knock down | alajıqsalaif they knock down |
| Conditional | menjıqmasamif I don't knock down | senjıqmasaŋif you don't knock down | oljıqmasaif he doesn't knock down | bizjıqmasaqif we don't knock down | sizjıqmasağızif you all don't knock down | alajıqmasalaif they don't knock down |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menjığa esemif I am knocking down | senjığa eseŋif you are knocking down | oljığa eseif he is knocking down | bizjığa esekif we are knocking down | sizjığa esegizif you all are knocking down | alajığa eseleif they are knocking down |
| Conditional, present real | menjıqmay esemif I am not knocking down | senjıqmay eseŋif you are not knocking down | oljıqmay eseif he is not knocking down | bizjıqmay esekif we are not knocking down | sizjıqmay esegizif you all are not knocking down | alajıqmay eseleif they are not knocking down |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjıqsam edijıqsam edif only I knocked down | senjıqsaŋ edijıqsaŋ edif only you knocked down | oljıqsa edijıqsaedif only he knocked down | bizjıqsaq edijıqsaq edif only we knocked down | sizjıqsağız edijıqsağız edif only you all knocked down | alajıqsala edijıqsalaedif only they knocked down |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjıqmasam edijıqmasam edif only I didn't knock down | senjıqmasaŋ edijıqmasaŋ edif only you didn't knock down | oljıqmasa edijıqmasaedif only he didn't knock down | bizjıqmasaq edijıqmasaq edif only we didn't knock down | sizjıqmasağız edijıqmasağız edif only you all didn't knock down | alajıqmasala edijıqmasalaedif only they didn't knock down |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menjığıb tursamif I carry on knocking down | senjığıb tursaŋif you carry on knocking down | oljığıb tursaif he carries on knocking down | bizjığıb tursaqif we carry on knocking down | sizjığıb tursağızif you all carry on knocking down | alajığıb tursalaif they carry on knocking down |
| Durative conditional | menjığıb turmasamif I don't carry on knocking down | senjığıb turmasaŋif you don't carry on knocking down | oljığıb turmasaif he doesn't carry on knocking down | bizjığıb turmasaqif we don't carry on knocking down | sizjığıb turmasağızif you all don't carry on knocking down | alajığıb turmasalaif they don't carry on knocking down |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menjığıb tura esemif I have kept knocking down | senjığıb tura eseŋif you have kept knocking down | oljığıb tura eseif he has kept knocking down | bizjığıb tura esekif we have kept knocking down | sizjığıb tura esegizif you all have kept knocking down | alajığıb tura eseleif they have kept knocking down |
| Durative conditional, present real | menjığıb turmay esemif I haven't kept knocking down | senjığıb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept knocking down | oljığıb turmay eseif he hasn't kept knocking down | bizjığıb turmay esekif we haven't kept knocking down | sizjığıb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept knocking down | alajığıb turmay eseleif they haven't kept knocking down |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menjığa tursamif I keep knocking down | senjığa tursaŋif you keep knocking down | oljığa tursaif he keeps knocking down | bizjığa tursaqif we keep knocking down | sizjığa tursağızif you all keep knocking down | alajığa tursalaif they keep knocking down |
| Progressive conditional | menjıqmay tursamif I keep on not knocking down | senjıqmay tursaŋif you keep on not knocking down | oljıqmay tursaif he keeps on not knocking down | bizjıqmay tursaqif we keep on not knocking down | sizjıqmay tursağızif you all keep on not knocking down | alajıqmay tursalaif they keep on not knocking down |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjığa tura esemif I am in the middle of knocking down | senjığa tura eseŋif you are in the middle of knocking down | oljığa tura eseif he is in the middle of knocking down | bizjığa tura esekif we are in the middle of knocking down | sizjığa tura esegizif you all are in the middle of knocking down | alajığa tura eseleif they are in the middle of knocking down |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjıqmay tura esemif I keep on not knocking down | senjıqmay tura eseŋif you keep on not knocking down | oljıqmay tura eseif he keeps on not knocking down | bizjıqmay tura esekif we keep on not knocking down | sizjıqmay tura esegizif you all keep on not knocking down | alajıqmay tura eseleif they keep on not knocking down |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menjıqdım esemif I knocked down | senjıqdıŋ eseŋif you knocked down | oljıqdı eseif he knocked down | bizjıqdıq esekif we knocked down | sizjıqdığız esegizif you all knocked down | alajıqdıla eseleif they knocked down |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menjıqmadım esemif I didn't knock down | senjıqmadıŋ eseŋif you didn't knock down | oljıqmadı eseif he didn't knock down | bizjıqmadıq esekif we didn't knock down | sizjıqmadığız esegizif you all didn't knock down | alajıqmadıla eseleif they didn't knock down |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menjıqğan esemif I did knock down (indeed) | senjıqğan eseŋif you did knock down (indeed) | oljıqğan eseif he did knock down (indeed) | bizjıqğan esekif we did knock down (indeed) | sizjıqğan esegizif you all did knock down (indeed) | alajıqğan eseleif they did knock down (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menjıqmağan esemif I didn't knock down (indeed) | senjıqmağan eseŋif you didn't knock down (indeed) | oljıqmağan eseif he didn't knock down (indeed) | bizjıqmağan esekif we didn't knock down (indeed) | sizjıqmağan esegizif you all didn't knock down (indeed) | alajıqmağan eseleif they didn't knock down (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjıqğan bolsamif I had knocked down | senjıqğan bolsaŋif you had knocked down | oljıqğan bolsaif he had knocked down | bizjıqğan bolsaqif we had knocked down | sizjıqğan bolsağızif you all had knocked down | alajıqğan bolsalaif they had knocked down |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjıqmağan bolsamif I hadn't knocked down | senjıqmağan bolsaŋif you hadn't knocked down | oljıqmağan bolsaif he hadn't knocked down | bizjıqmağan bolsaqif we hadn't knocked down | sizjıqmağan bolsağızif you all hadn't knocked down | alajıqmağan bolsalaif they hadn't knocked down |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjıqğan bolsam edijıqğan bolsam edif only I had knocked down | senjıqğan bolsaŋ edijıqğan bolsaŋ edif only you had knocked down | oljıqğan bolsa edijıqğan bolsaedif only he had knocked down | bizjıqğan bolsaq edijıqğan bolsaq edif only we had knocked down | sizjıqğan bolsağız edijıqğan bolsağız edif only you all had knocked down | alajıqğan bolsala edijıqğan bolsalaedif only they had knocked down |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjıqmağan bolsam edijıqmağan bolsam edif only I hadn't knocked down | senjıqmağan bolsaŋ edijıqmağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't knocked down | oljıqmağan bolsa edijıqmağan bolsaedif only he hadn't knocked down | bizjıqmağan bolsaq edijıqmağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't knocked down | sizjıqmağan bolsağız edijıqmağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't knocked down | alajıqmağan bolsala edijıqmağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't knocked down |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menjığar esemif I will knock down | senjığar eseŋif you will knock down | oljığar eseif he will knock down | bizjığar esekif we will knock down | sizjığar esegizif you all will knock down | alajığar eseleif they will knock down |
| Conditional, aorist | menjıqmaz esemif I won't knock down | senjıqmaz eseŋif you won't knock down | oljıqmaz eseif he won't knock down | bizjıqmaz esekif we won't knock down | sizjıqmaz esegizif you all won't knock down | alajıqmaz eseleif they won't knock down |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menjığarıq esemif I am going to knock down | senjığarıq eseŋif you are going to knock down | oljığarıq eseif he is going to knock down | bizjığarıq esekif we are going to knock down | sizjığarıq esegizif you all are going to knock down | alajığarıq eseleif they are going to knock down |
| Conditional, future | menjığarıq tül esemif I am not going to knock down | senjığarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to knock down | oljığarıq tül eseif he is not going to knock down | bizjığarıq tül esekif we are not going to knock down | sizjığarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to knock down | alajığarıq tül eseleif they are not going to knock down |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjığarıq bolsamif I were going to knock down | senjığarıq bolsaŋif you were going to knock down | oljığarıq bolsaif he were going to knock down | bizjığarıq bolsaqif we were going to knock down | sizjığarıq bolsağızif you all were going to knock down | alajığarıq bolsalaif they were going to knock down |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjıqmazlıq bolsamif I were not going to knock down | senjıqmazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to knock down | oljıqmazlıq bolsaif he were not going to knock down | bizjıqmazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to knock down | sizjıqmazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to knock down | alajıqmazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to knock down |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso jıqdıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjığa bolurmaI must be knocking down | senjığa bolursayou must be knocking down | oljığa bolurhe must be knocking down | bizjığa bolurbuzwe must be knocking down | sizjığa bolursuzyou all must be knocking down | alajığa bolurlathey must be knocking down |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjıqmay bolurmaI must not be knocking down | senjıqmay bolursayou must not be knocking down | oljıqmay bolurhe must not be knocking down | bizjıqmay bolurbuzwe must not be knocking down | sizjıqmay bolursuzyou all must not be knocking down | alajıqmay bolurlathey must not be knocking down |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjığa tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of knocking down | senjığa tura bolursayou must be in the middle of knocking down | oljığa tura bolurhe must be in the middle of knocking down | bizjığa tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of knocking down | sizjığa tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of knocking down | alajığa tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of knocking down |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjıqmay tura bolurmaI must keep on not knocking down | senjıqmay tura bolursayou must keep on not knocking down | oljıqmay tura bolurhe must keep on not knocking down | bizjıqmay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not knocking down | sizjıqmay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not knocking down | alajıqmay tura bolurlathey must keep on not knocking down |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menjıqğan bolurmaI must have knocked down | senjıqğan bolursayou must have knocked down | oljıqğan bolurhe must have knocked down | bizjıqğan bolurbuzwe must have knocked down | sizjıqğan bolursuzyou all must have knocked down | alajıqğan bolurlathey must have knocked down |
| Inference (must have) | menjıqmağan bolurmaI must not have knocked down | senjıqmağan bolursayou must not have knocked down | oljıqmağan bolurhe must not have knocked down | bizjıqmağan bolurbuzwe must not have knocked down | sizjıqmağan bolursuzyou all must not have knocked down | alajıqmağan bolurlathey must not have knocked down |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjığarıq bolurmaI must be going to knock down | senjığarıq bolursayou must be going to knock down | oljığarıq bolurhe must be going to knock down | bizjığarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to knock down | sizjığarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to knock down | alajığarıq bolurlathey must be going to knock down |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjıqmazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to knock down | senjıqmazlıq bolursayou must not be going to knock down | oljıqmazlıq bolurhe must not be going to knock down | bizjıqmazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to knock down | sizjıqmazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to knock down | alajıqmazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to knock down |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menjığayımlet me knock down | senjıq!knock down! | oljıqsınlet him knock down | bizjığayıqlet's knock down | sizjığığız!knock down, you all! | alajıqsınlalet them knock down |
| Commands & suggestions | menjıqmayımlet me not knock down | senjıqma!don't knock down! | oljıqmasınlet him not knock down | bizjıqmayıqlet's not knock down | sizjıqmağız!don't knock down, you all! | alajıqmasınlalet them not knock down |
| Commands & suggestions | menjığayımmı?shall I knock down? | oljıqsınmı?should he knock down? | bizjığayıqmı?shall we knock down? | alajıqsınlamı?should they knock down? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menjıqmayımmı?shall I not knock down? | oljıqmasınmı?should he not knock down? | bizjıqmayıqmı?shall we not knock down? | alajıqmasınlamı?should they not knock down? | ||
| Requests | senjıqçı2jıqçınplease knock down | oljıqsınçıdo let him knock down | sizjıqçığızplease knock down (plural/polite) | alajıqsınlaçıdo let them knock down | ||
| Requests | senjıqmaçı2jıqmaçınplease don't knock down | oljıqmasınçıdo let him not knock down | sizjıqmaçığızplease don't knock down (plural/polite) | alajıqmasınlaçıdo let them not knock down | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjıqğınjıqğımay you knock down | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjıqmağınjıqmağımay you not knock down | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjıqğay edim jıqğa edimwould that I knocked down | senjıqğay ediŋ jıqğa ediŋwould that you knocked down | oljıqğay edi jıqğa ediwould that he knocked down | bizjıqğay edik jıqğa edikwould that we knocked down | sizjıqğay edigiz jıqğa edigizwould that you all knocked down | alajıqğay edile jıqğa edilewould that they knocked down |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjıqmağay edim jıqmağa edimwould that I did not knock down | senjıqmağay ediŋ jıqmağa ediŋwould that you did not knock down | oljıqmağay edi jıqmağa ediwould that he did not knock down | bizjıqmağay edik jıqmağa edikwould that we did not knock down | sizjıqmağay edigiz jıqmağa edigizwould that you all did not knock down | alajıqmağay edile jıqmağa edilewould that they did not knock down |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjıqmağa qoyayımjıqma qoyayımlet me allow someone to knock down | senjıqmağa qoy!jıqma qoy!let someone knock down! | oljıqmağa qoysunjıqma qoysunlet him allow someone to knock down | bizjıqmağa qoyayıqjıqma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to knock down | sizjıqmağa qoyuğuz!jıqma qoyuğuz!let someone knock down, you all! | alajıqmağa qoysunlajıqma qoysunlalet them allow someone to knock down |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjıqmağa qoymayımjıqma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to knock down | senjıqmağa qoyma!jıqma qoyma!don't let someone knock down! | oljıqmağa qoymasınjıqma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to knock down | bizjıqmağa qoymayıqjıqma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to knock down | sizjıqmağa qoymağız!jıqma qoymağız!don't let someone knock down, you all! | alajıqmağa qoymasınlajıqma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to knock down |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjıqmağa qoyayımmı?jıqma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to knock down? | oljıqmağa qoysunmu?jıqma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to knock down? | bizjıqmağa qoyayıqmı?jıqma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to knock down? | alajıqmağa qoysunlamı?jıqma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to knock down? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjıqmağa qoymayımmı?jıqma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to knock down? | oljıqmağa qoymasınmı?jıqma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to knock down? | bizjıqmağa qoymayıqmı?jıqma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to knock down? | alajıqmağa qoymasınlamı?jıqma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to knock down? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menjıqmağa qoyamajıqma qoyamaI allow someone to knock down | senjıqmağa qoyasajıqma qoyasayou allow someone to knock down | oljıqmağa qoyadıjıqma qoyadıhe allows someone to knock down | bizjıqmağa qoyabızjıqma qoyabızwe allow someone to knock down | sizjıqmağa qoyasızjıqma qoyasızyou all allow someone to knock down | alajıqmağa qoyadılajıqma qoyadılathey allow someone to knock down |
| Let someone… (present) | menjıqmağa qoymaymajıqma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to knock down | senjıqmağa qoymaysajıqma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to knock down | oljıqmağa qoymaydıjıqma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to knock down | bizjıqmağa qoymaybızjıqma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to knock down | sizjıqmağa qoymaysızjıqma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to knock down | alajıqmağa qoymaydılajıqma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to knock down |
| Let someone… (present) | menjıqmağa qoyamamı?jıqma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to knock down? | senjıqmağa qoyamısa?jıqma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to knock down? | oljıqmağa qoyamıdı?jıqma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to knock down? | bizjıqmağa qoyabızmı?jıqma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to knock down? | sizjıqmağa qoyamısız?jıqma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to knock down? | alajıqmağa qoyamıdıla?jıqma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to knock down? |
| Let someone… (present) | menjıqmağa qoymaymamı?jıqma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to knock down? | senjıqmağa qoymaymısa?jıqma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to knock down? | oljıqmağa qoymaymıdı?jıqma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to knock down? | bizjıqmağa qoymaybızmı?jıqma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to knock down? | sizjıqmağa qoymaymısız?jıqma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to knock down? | alajıqmağa qoymaymıdıla?jıqma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to knock down? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjıqmağa qoydumjıqma qoydumI allowed someone to knock down | senjıqmağa qoyduŋjıqma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to knock down | oljıqmağa qoydujıqma qoyduhe allowed someone to knock down | bizjıqmağa qoyduqjıqma qoyduqwe allowed someone to knock down | sizjıqmağa qoyduğuzjıqma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to knock down | alajıqmağa qoydulajıqma qoydulathey allowed someone to knock down |
| Let someone… (past) | menjıqmağa qoymadımjıqma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to knock down | senjıqmağa qoymadıŋjıqma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to knock down | oljıqmağa qoymadıjıqma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to knock down | bizjıqmağa qoymadıqjıqma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to knock down | sizjıqmağa qoymadığızjıqma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to knock down | alajıqmağa qoymadılajıqma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to knock down |
| Let someone… (past) | menjıqmağa qoydummu?jıqma qoydummu?did I allow someone to knock down? | senjıqmağa qoyduŋmu?jıqma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to knock down? | oljıqmağa qoydumu?jıqma qoydumu?did he allow someone to knock down? | bizjıqmağa qoyduqmu?jıqma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to knock down? | sizjıqmağa qoyduğuzmu?jıqma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to knock down? | alajıqmağa qoydulamı?jıqma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to knock down? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjıqmağa qoymadımmı?jıqma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to knock down? | senjıqmağa qoymadıŋmı?jıqma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to knock down? | oljıqmağa qoymadımı?jıqma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to knock down? | bizjıqmağa qoymadıqmı?jıqma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to knock down? | sizjıqmağa qoymadığızmı?jıqma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to knock down? | alajıqmağa qoymadılamı?jıqma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to knock down? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
jığalırğa be able to knock down · jığalmazğa be unable to knock down
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menjığalamaI can knock down | senjığalasayou can knock down | oljığaladıhe can knock down | bizjığalabızwe can knock down | sizjığalasızyou all can knock down | alajığaladılathey can knock down |
| Ability — present | menjığalmaymaI can't knock down | senjığalmaysayou can't knock down | oljığalmaydıhe can't knock down | bizjığalmaybızwe can't knock down | sizjığalmaysızyou all can't knock down | alajığalmaydılathey can't knock down |
| Ability — present | menjığalamamı? jığalamıma?can I knock down? | senjığalamısa?can you knock down? | oljığalamıdı?can he knock down? | bizjığalabızmı? jığalamıbız?can we knock down? | sizjığalamısız?can you all knock down? | alajığalamıdıla?can they knock down? |
| Ability — present | menjığalmaymamı? jığalmaymıma?can't I knock down? | senjığalmaymısa?can't you knock down? | oljığalmaymıdı?can't he knock down? | bizjığalmaybızmı? jığalmaymıbız?can't we knock down? | sizjığalmaymısız?can't you all knock down? | alajığalmaymıdıla?can't they knock down? |
| Ability — if I can… | menjığalsamif I can knock down | senjığalsaŋif you can knock down | oljığalsaif he can knock down | bizjığalsaqif we can knock down | sizjığalsağızif you all can knock down | alajığalsalaif they can knock down |
| Ability — if I can… | menjığalmasamif I can't knock down | senjığalmasaŋif you can't knock down | oljığalmasaif he can't knock down | bizjığalmasaqif we can't knock down | sizjığalmasağızif you all can't knock down | alajığalmasalaif they can't knock down |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menjığaldımI was able to knock down | senjığaldıŋyou were able to knock down | oljığaldıhe was able to knock down | bizjığaldıqwe were able to knock down | sizjığaldığızyou all were able to knock down | alajığaldılathey were able to knock down |
| Ability — simple past | menjığalmadımI could not knock down | senjığalmadıŋyou could not knock down | oljığalmadıhe could not knock down | bizjığalmadıqwe could not knock down | sizjığalmadığızyou all could not knock down | alajığalmadılathey could not knock down |
| Ability — simple past | menjığaldımmı?was I able to knock down? | senjığaldıŋmı?were you able to knock down? | oljığaldımı?was he able to knock down? | bizjığaldıqmı?were we able to knock down? | sizjığaldığızmı?were you all able to knock down? | alajığaldılamı?were they able to knock down? |
| Ability — simple past | menjığalmadımmı?couldn't I knock down? | senjığalmadıŋmı?couldn't you knock down? | oljığalmadımı?couldn't he knock down? | bizjığalmadıqmı?couldn't we knock down? | sizjığalmadığızmı?couldn't you all knock down? | alajığalmadılamı?couldn't they knock down? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjığalğanmaI have been able to knock down | senjığalğansayou have been able to knock down | oljığalğandıhe has been able to knock down | bizjığalğanbızwe have been able to knock down | sizjığalğansızyou all have been able to knock down | alajığalğandılathey have been able to knock down |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjığalmağanmaI haven't been able to knock down | senjığalmağansayou haven't been able to knock down | oljığalmağandıhe hasn't been able to knock down | bizjığalmağanbızwe haven't been able to knock down | sizjığalmağansızyou all haven't been able to knock down | alajığalmağandılathey haven't been able to knock down |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjığalğanmamı? jığalğanmıma?have I been able to knock down? | senjığalğanmısa?have you been able to knock down? | oljığalğanmıdı?has he been able to knock down? | bizjığalğanbızmı? jığalğanmıbız?have we been able to knock down? | sizjığalğanmısız?have you all been able to knock down? | alajığalğanmıdıla?have they been able to knock down? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjığalmağanmamı? jığalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to knock down? | senjığalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to knock down? | oljığalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to knock down? | bizjığalmağanbızmı? jığalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to knock down? | sizjığalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to knock down? | alajığalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to knock down? |
| Ability — past perfect | menjığalğan edimjığalğanemI had been able to knock down | senjığalğan ediŋjığalğaneŋyou had been able to knock down | oljığalğan edijığalğanedhe had been able to knock down | bizjığalğan edikjığalğanekwe had been able to knock down | sizjığalğan edigizjığalğanegizyou all had been able to knock down | alajığalğan edilejığalğanellethey had been able to knock down |
| Ability — past perfect | menjığalmağan edimjığalmağanemI hadn't been able to knock down | senjığalmağan ediŋjığalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to knock down | oljığalmağan edijığalmağanedhe hadn't been able to knock down | bizjığalmağan edikjığalmağanekwe hadn't been able to knock down | sizjığalmağan edigizjığalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to knock down | alajığalmağan edilejığalmağanellethey hadn't been able to knock down |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menjığala edimjığalaemI could knock down | senjığala ediŋjığalaeŋyou could knock down | oljığala edijığalaedhe could knock down | bizjığala edikjığalaekwe could knock down | sizjığala edigizjığalaegizyou all could knock down | alajığala edilejığalaellethey could knock down |
| Ability — past background | menjığalmay edimjığalmayemI could not knock down | senjığalmay ediŋjığalmayeŋyou could not knock down | oljığalmay edijığalmayedhe could not knock down | bizjığalmay edikjığalmayekwe could not knock down | sizjığalmay edigizjığalmayegizyou all could not knock down | alajığalmay edilejığalmayellethey could not knock down |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menjığalırmaI will be able to knock down | senjığalırsayou will be able to knock down | oljığalırhe will be able to knock down | bizjığalırbızwe will be able to knock down | sizjığalırsızyou all will be able to knock down | alajığalırlathey will be able to knock down |
| Ability — future I | menjığalmazmaI won't be able to knock down | senjığalmazsayou won't be able to knock down | oljığalmazhe won't be able to knock down | bizjığalmazbızwe won't be able to knock down | sizjığalmazsızyou all won't be able to knock down | alajığalmazlathey won't be able to knock down |
| Ability — future I | menjığalırmamı? jığalırmıma?will I be able to knock down? | senjığalırmısa?will you be able to knock down? | oljığalırmı?will he be able to knock down? | bizjığalırbızmı? jığalırmıbız?will we be able to knock down? | sizjığalırmısız?will you all be able to knock down? | alajığalırlamı? jığalırmıla?will they be able to knock down? |
| Ability — future I | menjığalmazmamı? jığalmazmıma?won't I be able to knock down? | senjığalmazmısa?won't you be able to knock down? | oljığalmazmı?won't he be able to knock down? | bizjığalmazbızmı? jığalmazmıbız?won't we be able to knock down? | sizjığalmazmısız?won't you all be able to knock down? | alajığalmazlamı? jığalmazmıla?won't they be able to knock down? |
| Ability — future II | menjığallıqmaI am going to be able to knock down | senjığallıqsayou are going to be able to knock down | oljığallıqdıhe is going to be able to knock down | bizjığallıqbızwe are going to be able to knock down | sizjığallıqsızyou all are going to be able to knock down | alajığallıqdılathey are going to be able to knock down |
| Ability — future II | menjığallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to knock down | senjığallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to knock down | oljığallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to knock down | bizjığallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to knock down | sizjığallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to knock down | alajığallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to knock down |
| Ability — future II | menjığallıqmamı? jığallıqmıma?am I going to be able to knock down? | senjığallıqmısa?are you going to be able to knock down? | oljığallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to knock down? | bizjığallıqbızmı? jığallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to knock down? | sizjığallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to knock down? | alajığallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to knock down? |
| Ability — future II | menjığallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to knock down? | senjığallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to knock down? | oljığallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to knock down? | bizjığallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to knock down? | sizjığallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to knock down? | alajığallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to knock down? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjığalır edimjığalır emI would be able to knock down | senjığalır ediŋjığalır eŋyou would be able to knock down | oljığalır edijığalır edhe would be able to knock down | bizjığalır edikjığalır ekwe would be able to knock down | sizjığalır edigizjığalır egizyou all would be able to knock down | alajığalır edilejığalır ellethey would be able to knock down |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjığalmaz edimjığalmaz emI wouldn't be able to knock down | senjığalmaz ediŋjığalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to knock down | oljığalmaz edijığalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to knock down | bizjığalmaz edikjığalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to knock down | sizjığalmaz edigizjığalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to knock down | alajığalmaz edilejığalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to knock down |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjığalğınjığalğımay you be able to knock down | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjığalmağınjığalmağımay you not be able to knock down | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menjığarğa izleymeI want to knock down | senjığarğa izleyseyou want to knock down | oljığarğa izleydihe wants to knock down | bizjığarğa izleybizwe want to knock down | sizjığarğa izleysizyou all want to knock down | alajığarğa izleydilethey want to knock down |
| want to | menjığarğa izlemeymeI do not want to knock down | senjığarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to knock down | oljığarğa izlemeydihe does not want to knock down | bizjığarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to knock down | sizjığarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to knock down | alajığarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to knock down |
| would like to | menjığarğa süemeI would like to knock down | senjığarğa süeseyou would like to knock down | oljığarğa süedihe would like to knock down | bizjığarğa süebizwe would like to knock down | sizjığarğa süesizyou all would like to knock down | alajığarğa süedilethey would like to knock down |
| would like to | menjığarğa süymeymeI would not like to knock down | senjığarğa süymeyseyou would not like to knock down | oljığarğa süymeydihe would not like to knock down | bizjığarğa süymeybizwe would not like to knock down | sizjığarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to knock down | alajığarğa süymeydilethey would not like to knock down |
| hope to | menjığarğa umutlanamaI hope to knock down | senjığarğa umutlanasayou hope to knock down | oljığarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to knock down | bizjığarğa umutlanabızwe hope to knock down | sizjığarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to knock down | alajığarğa umutlanadılathey hope to knock down |
| hope to | menjığarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to knock down | senjığarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to knock down | oljığarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to knock down | bizjığarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to knock down | sizjığarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to knock down | alajığarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to knock down |
| be about to | menjığarğa deb turamaI am about to knock down | senjığarğa deb turasayou are about to knock down | oljığarğa deb turadıhe is about to knock down | bizjığarğa deb turabızwe are about to knock down | sizjığarğa deb turasızyou all are about to knock down | alajığarğa deb turadılathey are about to knock down |
| be about to | menjığarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to knock down | senjığarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to knock down | oljığarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to knock down | bizjığarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to knock down | sizjığarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to knock down | alajığarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to knock down |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menjığarğa kerekmeI need to knock down | senjığarğa kerekseyou need to knock down | oljığarğa kerekdihe needs to knock down | bizjığarğa kerekbizwe need to knock down | sizjığarğa kereksizyou all need to knock down | alajığarğa kerekdilethey need to knock down |
| need to | menjığarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to knock down | senjığarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to knock down | oljığarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to knock down | bizjığarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to knock down | sizjığarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to knock down | alajığarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to knock down |
| have to | menmenŋe jığarğa tüşediI have to knock down | sensenŋe jığarğa tüşediyou have to knock down | olaŋa jığarğa tüşedihe has to knock down | bizbizge jığarğa tüşediwe have to knock down | sizsizge jığarğa tüşediyou all have to knock down | alaalağa jığarğa tüşedithey have to knock down |
| have to | menmenŋe jığarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to knock down | sensenŋe jığarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to knock down | olaŋa jığarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to knock down | bizbizge jığarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to knock down | sizsizge jığarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to knock down | alaalağa jığarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to knock down |
| be obliged to | menjığarğa borçlumaI am obliged to knock down | senjığarğa borçlusayou are obliged to knock down | oljığarğa borçluduhe is obliged to knock down | bizjığarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to knock down | sizjığarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to knock down | alajığarğa borçludulathey are obliged to knock down |
| be obliged to | menjığarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to knock down | senjığarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to knock down | oljığarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to knock down | bizjığarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to knock down | sizjığarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to knock down | alajığarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to knock down |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menjığarğa madarım bardıI have a way to knock down | senjığarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to knock down | oljığarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to knock down | bizjığarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to knock down | sizjığarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to knock down | alajığarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to knock down |
| have a way to | menjığarğa madarım joqduI have no way to knock down | senjığarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to knock down | oljığarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to knock down | bizjığarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to knock down | sizjığarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to knock down | alajığarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to knock down |
| be free to | menjığarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to knock down | senjığarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to knock down | oljığarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to knock down | bizjığarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to knock down | sizjığarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to knock down | alajığarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to knock down |
| be free to | menjığarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to knock down | senjığarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to knock down | oljığarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to knock down | bizjığarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to knock down | sizjığarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to knock down | alajığarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to knock down |
| be possible to | menmenŋe jığarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to knock down | sensenŋe jığarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to knock down | olaŋa jığarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to knock down | bizbizge jığarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to knock down | sizsizge jığarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to knock down | alaalağa jığarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to knock down |
| be possible to | menmenŋe jığarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to knock down | sensenŋe jığarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to knock down | olaŋa jığarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to knock down | bizbizge jığarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to knock down | sizsizge jığarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to knock down | alaalağa jığarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to knock down |
| be ready to | menjığarğa hazırmaI am ready to knock down | senjığarğa hazırsayou are ready to knock down | oljığarğa hazırdıhe is ready to knock down | bizjığarğa hazırbızwe are ready to knock down | sizjığarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to knock down | alajığarğa hazırdılathey are ready to knock down |
| be ready to | menjığarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to knock down | senjığarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to knock down | oljığarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to knock down | bizjığarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to knock down | sizjığarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to knock down | alajığarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to knock down |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menjığarğa küreşemeI am trying to knock down | senjığarğa küreşeseyou are trying to knock down | oljığarğa küreşedihe is trying to knock down | bizjığarğa küreşebizwe are trying to knock down | sizjığarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to knock down | alajığarğa küreşedilethey are trying to knock down |
| try to | menjığarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to knock down | senjığarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to knock down | oljığarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to knock down | bizjığarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to knock down | sizjığarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to knock down | alajığarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to knock down |
| agree to | menjığarğa unaymaI agree to knock down | senjığarğa unaysayou agree to knock down | oljığarğa unaydıhe agrees to knock down | bizjığarğa unaybızwe agree to knock down | sizjığarğa unaysızyou all agree to knock down | alajığarğa unaydılathey agree to knock down |
| agree to | menjığarğa unamaymaI refuse to knock down | senjığarğa unamaysayou refuse to knock down | oljığarğa unamaydıhe refuses to knock down | bizjığarğa unamaybızwe refuse to knock down | sizjığarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to knock down | alajığarğa unamaydılathey refuse to knock down |
| hurry to | menjığarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to knock down | senjığarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to knock down | oljığarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to knock down | bizjığarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to knock down | sizjığarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to knock down | alajığarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to knock down |
| hurry to | menjığarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to knock down | senjığarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to knock down | oljığarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to knock down | bizjığarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to knock down | sizjığarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to knock down | alajığarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to knock down |
| be afraid to | menjığarğa qorqamaI am afraid to knock down | senjığarğa qorqasayou are afraid to knock down | oljığarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to knock down | bizjığarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to knock down | sizjığarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to knock down | alajığarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to knock down |
| be afraid to | menjığarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to knock down | senjığarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to knock down | oljığarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to knock down | bizjığarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to knock down | sizjığarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to knock down | alajığarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to knock down |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menjığa bolmazmaI can't be knocking down | senjığa bolmazsayou can't be knocking down | oljığa bolmazhe can't be knocking down | bizjığa bolmazbızwe can't be knocking down | sizjığa bolmazsızyou all can't be knocking down | alajığa bolmazlathey can't be knocking down |
| Inference, present — double negation | menjıqmay bolmazmaI must be knocking down (emphatic) | senjıqmay bolmazsayou must be knocking down (emphatic) | oljıqmay bolmazhe must be knocking down (emphatic) | bizjıqmay bolmazbızwe must be knocking down (emphatic) | sizjıqmay bolmazsızyou all must be knocking down (emphatic) | alajıqmay bolmazlathey must be knocking down (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menjığa turmasamif I don't keep knocking down | senjığa turmasaŋif you don't keep knocking down | oljığa turmasaif he doesn't keep knocking down | bizjığa turmasaqif we don't keep knocking down | sizjığa turmasağızif you all don't keep knocking down | alajığa turmasalaif they don't keep knocking down |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menjığa tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of knocking down | senjığa tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of knocking down | oljığa tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of knocking down | bizjığa tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of knocking down | sizjığa tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of knocking down | alajığa tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of knocking down |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menjıqmay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not knocking down (emphatic) | senjıqmay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not knocking down (emphatic) | oljıqmay tura bolmazhe must keep on not knocking down (emphatic) | bizjıqmay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not knocking down (emphatic) | sizjıqmay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not knocking down (emphatic) | alajıqmay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not knocking down (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menjıqmay turamaI keep on not knocking down | senjıqmay turasayou keep on not knocking down | oljıqmay turadıhe keeps on not knocking down | bizjıqmay turabızwe keep on not knocking down | sizjıqmay turasızyou all keep on not knocking down | alajıqmay turadılathey keep on not knocking down |
| Progressive — double negation | menjıqmay turmaymaI am not keeping on not knocking down | senjıqmay turmaysayou are not keeping on not knocking down | oljıqmay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not knocking down | bizjıqmay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not knocking down | sizjıqmay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not knocking down | alajıqmay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not knocking down |
| Progressive — double negation | menjıqmay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not knocking down? | senjıqmay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not knocking down? | oljıqmay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not knocking down? | bizjıqmay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not knocking down? | sizjıqmay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not knocking down? | alajıqmay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not knocking down? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menjıqğan bolmazmaI can't have knocked down | senjıqğan bolmazsayou can't have knocked down | oljıqğan bolmazhe can't have knocked down | bizjıqğan bolmazbızwe can't have knocked down | sizjıqğan bolmazsızyou all can't have knocked down | alajıqğan bolmazlathey can't have knocked down |
| Inference — double negation | menjıqmağan bolmazmaI must have knocked down (emphatic) | senjıqmağan bolmazsayou must have knocked down (emphatic) | oljıqmağan bolmazhe must have knocked down (emphatic) | bizjıqmağan bolmazbızwe must have knocked down (emphatic) | sizjıqmağan bolmazsızyou all must have knocked down (emphatic) | alajıqmağan bolmazlathey must have knocked down (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menjıqğan bolmasamif it weren't that I had knocked down | senjıqğan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had knocked down | oljıqğan bolmasaif it weren't that he had knocked down | bizjıqğan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had knocked down | sizjıqğan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had knocked down | alajıqğan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had knocked down |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menjıqmağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't knocked down | senjıqmağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't knocked down | oljıqmağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't knocked down | bizjıqmağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't knocked down | sizjıqmağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't knocked down | alajıqmağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't knocked down |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menjığarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to knock down | senjığarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to knock down | oljığarıq bolmazhe can't be going to knock down | bizjığarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to knock down | sizjığarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to knock down | alajığarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to knock down |
| Inference, future — double negation | menjıqmazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to knock down (emphatic) | senjıqmazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to knock down (emphatic) | oljıqmazlıq bolmazhe must be going to knock down (emphatic) | bizjıqmazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to knock down (emphatic) | sizjıqmazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to knock down (emphatic) | alajıqmazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to knock down (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menjığarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to knock down | senjığarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to knock down | oljığarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to knock down | bizjığarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to knock down | sizjığarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to knock down | alajığarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to knock down |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menjıqmazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to knock down | senjıqmazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to knock down | oljıqmazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to knock down | bizjıqmazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to knock down | sizjıqmazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to knock down | alajıqmazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to knock down |