awdururğa
/awdururʁa/
1. topple, overturn, knock over, fell
- terekni awdururğa — to fell the tree
- şindikni awdururğa — to overturn the chair
- jel terekni awdurdu — the wind toppled the tree
- stolnu awdur — knock over the table
- qayalanı oğuna awdururğa bolluqdu — it will be possible to topple even the cliffs
- bir janına awdururğa — to tip it over to one side
2. take across, carry over a mountain pass
- tawdan awdururğa — to take someone over the mountain
- malnı tawdan awdurdula — they took the livestock over the mountain
- arbanı tawdan awdururğa — to take the cart over the mountain
3. overthrow, cast down, remove from power — Used of rulers and governments (patçahnı awdur) and, colloquially, of ousting someone from a post. One school dictionary marks that use colloquial.
- patçahnı awdururğa — to overthrow the tsar
- patçahnı awdurdula — they overthrew the tsar
- tamadanı awdurğandıla — they have ousted the boss
- ne ullu küçnü da awdururğa — to overthrow any power, however great
- biylikni awdururğa — to overthrow the princes' rule
4. win over, sway, bring round to one's side one source
- adamlanı kesiŋi aqılıŋa awdururğa — to bring people round to your own view
- anı kesi janına awdurdu — he won him over to his own side
- halqnı kesi janına awdururğa — to win the people over to one's own side
5. leaf through, turn the pages of
- kitabnı qağıtların awdururğa — to leaf through the pages of a book
- kitabnı betlerin awdurdu — he turned the pages of the book
- kitabnı qağıtların awdurama — I am leafing through the pages of the book
6. gulp down, polish off, knock back (food or drink)
- şorpanı awdurdu — he polished off the soup
- bir stakan ayrannı awdurdum — I gulped down a glass of ayran
Expressions
- artına awdururğa — leave helpless
Conjugation
Common forms
- awduradıhe is toppling
- awdurduhe toppled
- awdurğandıhe has toppled
- awdururhe will topple
- awdurluqduhe is going to topple
- awdura edihe was toppling
- awdursaif he topples
- awdur!topple!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menawduramaI am toppling | senawdurasayou are toppling | olawduradıhe is toppling | bizawdurabızwe are toppling | sizawdurasızyou all are toppling | alaawduradılathey are toppling |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menawdurmaymaI am not toppling | senawdurmaysayou are not toppling | olawdurmaydıhe is not toppling | bizawdurmaybızwe are not toppling | sizawdurmaysızyou all are not toppling | alaawdurmaydılathey are not toppling |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menawduramamı? awduramıma?am I toppling? | senawduramısa?are you toppling? | olawduramıdı?is he toppling? | bizawdurabızmı? awduramıbız?are we toppling? | sizawduramısız?are you all toppling? | alaawduramıdıla?are they toppling? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menawdurmaymamı? awdurmaymıma?aren't I toppling? | senawdurmaymısa?aren't you toppling? | olawdurmaymıdı?isn't he toppling? | bizawdurmaybızmı? awdurmaymıbız?aren't we toppling? | sizawdurmaymısız?aren't you all toppling? | alaawdurmaymıdıla?aren't they toppling? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menawduruwçanmaI usually topple | senawduruwçansayou usually topple | olawduruwçandıhe usually topples | bizawduruwçanbızwe usually topple | sizawduruwçansızyou all usually topple | alaawduruwçandılathey usually topple |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menawdurmawçanmaI usually don't topple | senawdurmawçansayou usually don't topple | olawdurmawçandıhe usually doesn't topple | bizawdurmawçanbızwe usually don't topple | sizawdurmawçansızyou all usually don't topple | alaawdurmawçandılathey usually don't topple |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menawduruwçanmamı? awduruwçanmıma?do I usually topple? | senawduruwçanmısa?do you usually topple? | olawduruwçanmıdı?does he usually topple? | bizawduruwçanbızmı? awduruwçanmıbız?do we usually topple? | sizawduruwçanmısız?do you all usually topple? | alaawduruwçanmıdıla?do they usually topple? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menawdurmawçanmamı? awdurmawçanmıma?do I usually not topple? | senawdurmawçanmısa?do you usually not topple? | olawdurmawçanmıdı?does he usually not topple? | bizawdurmawçanbızmı? awdurmawçanmıbız?do we usually not topple? | sizawdurmawçanmısız?do you all usually not topple? | alaawdurmawçanmıdıla?do they usually not topple? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olawdurubduhe has toppled and remains so | alaawdurubdulathey have toppled and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olawdurubmudu?has he toppled? | alaawdurubmudula?have they toppled? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menawdurub turamaI keep toppling | senawdurub turasayou keep toppling | olawdurub turadıhe keeps toppling | bizawdurub turabızwe keep toppling | sizawdurub turasızyou all keep toppling | alaawdurub turadılathey keep toppling |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menawdurub turmaymaI don't keep toppling | senawdurub turmaysayou don't keep toppling | olawdurub turmaydıhe doesn't keep toppling | bizawdurub turmaybızwe don't keep toppling | sizawdurub turmaysızyou all don't keep toppling | alaawdurub turmaydılathey don't keep toppling |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menawdurub turamamı? awdurub turamıma?do I keep toppling? | senawdurub turamısa?do you keep toppling? | olawdurub turamıdı?does he keep toppling? | bizawdurub turabızmı? awdurub turamıbız?do we keep toppling? | sizawdurub turamısız?do you all keep toppling? | alaawdurub turamıdıla?do they keep toppling? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menawdurub turmaymamı? awdurub turmaymıma?don't I keep toppling? | senawdurub turmaymısa?don't you keep toppling? | olawdurub turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep toppling? | bizawdurub turmaybızmı? awdurub turmaymıbız?don't we keep toppling? | sizawdurub turmaymısız?don't you all keep toppling? | alaawdurub turmaymıdıla?don't they keep toppling? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menawdura turamaI am in the middle of toppling | senawdura turasayou are in the middle of toppling | olawdura turadıhe is in the middle of toppling | bizawdura turabızwe are in the middle of toppling | sizawdura turasızyou all are in the middle of toppling | alaawdura turadılathey are in the middle of toppling |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menawdura turmaymaI am not in the middle of toppling | senawdura turmaysayou are not in the middle of toppling | olawdura turmaydıhe is not in the middle of toppling | bizawdura turmaybızwe are not in the middle of toppling | sizawdura turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of toppling | alaawdura turmaydılathey are not in the middle of toppling |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menawdura turamamı? awdura turamıma?am I in the middle of toppling? | senawdura turamısa?are you in the middle of toppling? | olawdura turamıdı?is he in the middle of toppling? | bizawdura turabızmı? awdura turamıbız?are we in the middle of toppling? | sizawdura turamısız?are you all in the middle of toppling? | alaawdura turamıdıla?are they in the middle of toppling? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menawdura turmaymamı? awdura turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of toppling? | senawdura turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of toppling? | olawdura turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of toppling? | bizawdura turmaybızmı? awdura turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of toppling? | sizawdura turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of toppling? | alaawdura turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of toppling? |
| Simple past (definite) | menawdurdumI toppled | senawdurduŋyou toppled | olawdurduhe toppled | bizawdurduqwe toppled | sizawdurduğuzyou all toppled | alaawdurdulathey toppled |
| Simple past (definite) | menawdurmadımI didn't topple | senawdurmadıŋyou didn't topple | olawdurmadıhe didn't topple | bizawdurmadıqwe didn't topple | sizawdurmadığızyou all didn't topple | alaawdurmadılathey didn't topple |
| Simple past (definite) | menawdurdummu?did I topple? | senawdurduŋmu?did you topple? | olawdurdumu?did he topple? | bizawdurduqmu?did we topple? | sizawdurduğuzmu?did you all topple? | alaawdurdulamı?did they topple? |
| Simple past (definite) | menawdurmadımmı?didn't I topple? | senawdurmadıŋmı?didn't you topple? | olawdurmadımı?didn't he topple? | bizawdurmadıqmı?didn't we topple? | sizawdurmadığızmı?didn't you all topple? | alaawdurmadılamı?didn't they topple? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menawdurğanmaI have toppled | senawdurğansayou have toppled | olawdurğandıhe has toppled | bizawdurğanbızwe have toppled | sizawdurğansızyou all have toppled | alaawdurğandılathey have toppled |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menawdurmağanmaI haven't toppled | senawdurmağansayou haven't toppled | olawdurmağandıhe hasn't toppled | bizawdurmağanbızwe haven't toppled | sizawdurmağansızyou all haven't toppled | alaawdurmağandılathey haven't toppled |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menawdurğanmamı? awdurğanmıma?have I toppled? | senawdurğanmısa?have you toppled? | olawdurğanmıdı?has he toppled? | bizawdurğanbızmı? awdurğanmıbız?have we toppled? | sizawdurğanmısız?have you all toppled? | alaawdurğanmıdıla?have they toppled? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menawdurmağanmamı? awdurmağanmıma?haven't I toppled? | senawdurmağanmısa?haven't you toppled? | olawdurmağanmıdı?hasn't he toppled? | bizawdurmağanbızmı? awdurmağanmıbız?haven't we toppled? | sizawdurmağanmısız?haven't you all toppled? | alaawdurmağanmıdıla?haven't they toppled? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menawdurub turdumI kept toppling | senawdurub turduŋyou kept toppling | olawdurub turduhe kept toppling | bizawdurub turduqwe kept toppling | sizawdurub turduğuzyou all kept toppling | alaawdurub turdulathey kept toppling |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menawdurub turmadımI didn't keep toppling | senawdurub turmadıŋyou didn't keep toppling | olawdurub turmadıhe didn't keep toppling | bizawdurub turmadıqwe didn't keep toppling | sizawdurub turmadığızyou all didn't keep toppling | alaawdurub turmadılathey didn't keep toppling |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menawdururmaI will topple | senawdurursayou will topple | olawdururhe will topple | bizawdururbuzwe will topple | sizawdurursuzyou all will topple | alaawdururlathey will topple |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menawdurmazmaI won't topple | senawdurmazsayou won't topple | olawdurmazhe won't topple | bizawdurmazbızwe won't topple | sizawdurmazsızyou all won't topple | alaawdurmazlathey won't topple |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menawdururmamı? awdururmuma?will I topple? | senawdururmusa?will you topple? | olawdururmu?will he topple? | bizawdururbuzmu? awdururmubuz?will we topple? | sizawdururmusuz?will you all topple? | alaawdururlamı? awdururmula?will they topple? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menawdurmazmamı? awdurmazmıma?won't I topple? | senawdurmazmısa?won't you topple? | olawdurmazmı?won't he topple? | bizawdurmazbızmı? awdurmazmıbız?won't we topple? | sizawdurmazmısız?won't you all topple? | alaawdurmazlamı? awdurmazmıla?won't they topple? |
| Definite future (future II) | menawdurluqma1awdurruqmaI am going to topple | senawdurluqsa1awdurruqsayou are going to topple | olawdurluqdu1awdurruqduhe is going to topple | bizawdurluqbuz1awdurruqbuzwe are going to topple | sizawdurluqsuz1awdurruqsuzyou all are going to topple | alaawdurluqdula1awdurruqdulathey are going to topple |
| Definite future (future II) | menawdurluq tülme1awdurruq tülmeI am not going to topple | senawdurluq tülse1awdurruq tülseyou are not going to topple | olawdurluq tüldü1awdurruq tüldühe is not going to topple | bizawdurluq tülbüz1awdurruq tülbüzwe are not going to topple | sizawdurluq tülsüz1awdurruq tülsüzyou all are not going to topple | alaawdurluq tüldüle1awdurruq tüldülethey are not going to topple |
| Definite future (future II) | menawdurluqmamı?1 awdurluqmuma?awdurruqmamı?am I going to topple? | senawdurluqmusa?1awdurruqmusa?are you going to topple? | olawdurluqmudu?1awdurruqmudu?is he going to topple? | bizawdurluqbuzmu?1 awdurluqmubuz?awdurruqbuzmu?are we going to topple? | sizawdurluqmusuz?1awdurruqmusuz?are you all going to topple? | alaawdurluqmudula?1awdurruqmudula?are they going to topple? |
| Definite future (future II) | menawdurluq tülmüme?1awdurruq tülmüme?aren't I going to topple? | senawdurluq tülmüse?1awdurruq tülmüse?aren't you going to topple? | olawdurluq tülmüdü?1awdurruq tülmüdü?isn't he going to topple? | bizawdurluq tülmübüz?1awdurruq tülmübüz?aren't we going to topple? | sizawdurluq tülmüsüz?1awdurruq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to topple? | alaawdurluq tülmüdüle?1awdurruq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to topple? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Definite future (future II)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so awdurruqdu
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menawdurğan edimawdurğanemI had toppled | senawdurğan ediŋawdurğaneŋyou had toppled | olawdurğan ediawdurğanedhe had toppled | bizawdurğan edikawdurğanekwe had toppled | sizawdurğan edigizawdurğanegizyou all had toppled | alaawdurğan edileawdurğanellethey had toppled |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menawdurmağan edimawdurmağanemI hadn't toppled | senawdurmağan ediŋawdurmağaneŋyou hadn't toppled | olawdurmağan ediawdurmağanedhe hadn't toppled | bizawdurmağan edikawdurmağanekwe hadn't toppled | sizawdurmağan edigizawdurmağanegizyou all hadn't toppled | alaawdurmağan edileawdurmağanellethey hadn't toppled |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menawdura edimawduraemI was toppling | senawdura ediŋawduraeŋyou were toppling | olawdura ediawduraedhe was toppling | bizawdura edikawduraekwe were toppling | sizawdura edigizawduraegizyou all were toppling | alaawdura edileawduraellethey were toppling |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menawdurmay edimawdurmayemI wasn't toppling | senawdurmay ediŋawdurmayeŋyou weren't toppling | olawdurmay ediawdurmayedhe wasn't toppling | bizawdurmay edikawdurmayekwe weren't toppling | sizawdurmay edigizawdurmayegizyou all weren't toppling | alaawdurmay edileawdurmayellethey weren't toppling |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menawduruwçan edimawduruwçanemI used to topple | senawduruwçan ediŋawduruwçaneŋyou used to topple | olawduruwçan ediawduruwçanedhe used to topple | bizawduruwçan edikawduruwçanekwe used to topple | sizawduruwçan edigizawduruwçanegizyou all used to topple | alaawduruwçan edileawduruwçanellethey used to topple |
| Habitual past (used to) | menawdurmawçan edimawdurmawçanemI didn't use to topple | senawdurmawçan ediŋawdurmawçaneŋyou didn't use to topple | olawdurmawçan ediawdurmawçanedhe didn't use to topple | bizawdurmawçan edikawdurmawçanekwe didn't use to topple | sizawdurmawçan edigizawdurmawçanegizyou all didn't use to topple | alaawdurmawçan edileawdurmawçanellethey didn't use to topple |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olawdurub edihe had toppled and remained so | alaawdurub edilethey had toppled and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olawdurub tül edihe hadn't toppled | alaawdurub tül edilethey hadn't toppled | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menawdurub tura edimawdurub turaemI had kept toppling | senawdurub tura ediŋawdurub turaeŋyou had kept toppling | olawdurub tura ediawdurub turaedhe had kept toppling | bizawdurub tura edikawdurub turaekwe had kept toppling | sizawdurub tura edigizawdurub turaegizyou all had kept toppling | alaawdurub tura edileawdurub turaellethey had kept toppling |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menawdurub turmay edimawdurub turmayemI hadn't kept toppling | senawdurub turmay ediŋawdurub turmayeŋyou hadn't kept toppling | olawdurub turmay ediawdurub turmayedhe hadn't kept toppling | bizawdurub turmay edikawdurub turmayekwe hadn't kept toppling | sizawdurub turmay edigizawdurub turmayegizyou all hadn't kept toppling | alaawdurub turmay edileawdurub turmayellethey hadn't kept toppling |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menawdura tura edimawdura turaemI was in the middle of toppling | senawdura tura ediŋawdura turaeŋyou were in the middle of toppling | olawdura tura ediawdura turaedhe was in the middle of toppling | bizawdura tura edikawdura turaekwe were in the middle of toppling | sizawdura tura edigizawdura turaegizyou all were in the middle of toppling | alaawdura tura edileawdura turaellethey were in the middle of toppling |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menawdura turmay edimawdura turmayemI wasn't in the middle of toppling | senawdura turmay ediŋawdura turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of toppling | olawdura turmay ediawdura turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of toppling | bizawdura turmay edikawdura turmayekwe weren't in the middle of toppling | sizawdura turmay edigizawdura turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of toppling | alaawdura turmay edileawdura turmayellethey weren't in the middle of toppling |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menawdurur edimawdurur emI would topple | senawdurur ediŋawdurur eŋyou would topple | olawdurur ediawdurur edhe would topple | bizawdurur edikawdurur ekwe would topple | sizawdurur edigizawdurur egizyou all would topple | alaawdurur edileawdurur ellethey would topple |
| Conditional result (would) | menawdurmaz edimawdurmaz emI wouldn't topple | senawdurmaz ediŋawdurmaz eŋyou wouldn't topple | olawdurmaz ediawdurmaz edhe wouldn't topple | bizawdurmaz edikawdurmaz ekwe wouldn't topple | sizawdurmaz edigizawdurmaz egizyou all wouldn't topple | alaawdurmaz edileawdurmaz ellethey wouldn't topple |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menawdurluq edim2awdurluq emawdurruq edimI would have toppled | senawdurluq ediŋ2awdurluq eŋawdurruq ediŋyou would have toppled | olawdurluq edi2awdurluq edawdurruq edihe would have toppled | bizawdurluq edik2awdurluq ekawdurruq edikwe would have toppled | sizawdurluq edigiz2awdurluq egizawdurruq edigizyou all would have toppled | alaawdurluq edile2awdurluq elleawdurruq edilethey would have toppled |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menawdurluq tül edim2awdurluq tül emawdurruq tül edimI wouldn't have toppled | senawdurluq tül ediŋ2awdurluq tül eŋawdurruq tül ediŋyou wouldn't have toppled | olawdurluq tül edi2awdurluq tül edawdurruq tül edihe wouldn't have toppled | bizawdurluq tül edik2awdurluq tül ekawdurruq tül edikwe wouldn't have toppled | sizawdurluq tül edigiz2awdurluq tül egizawdurruq tül edigizyou all wouldn't have toppled | alaawdurluq tül edile2awdurluq tül elleawdurruq tül edilethey wouldn't have toppled |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
- Past conditional result (would have)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so awdurruq edi
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menawdursamif I topple | senawdursaŋif you topple | olawdursaif he topples | bizawdursaqif we topple | sizawdursağızif you all topple | alaawdursalaif they topple |
| Conditional | menawdurmasamif I don't topple | senawdurmasaŋif you don't topple | olawdurmasaif he doesn't topple | bizawdurmasaqif we don't topple | sizawdurmasağızif you all don't topple | alaawdurmasalaif they don't topple |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menawdura esemif I am toppling | senawdura eseŋif you are toppling | olawdura eseif he is toppling | bizawdura esekif we are toppling | sizawdura esegizif you all are toppling | alaawdura eseleif they are toppling |
| Conditional, present real | menawdurmay esemif I am not toppling | senawdurmay eseŋif you are not toppling | olawdurmay eseif he is not toppling | bizawdurmay esekif we are not toppling | sizawdurmay esegizif you all are not toppling | alaawdurmay eseleif they are not toppling |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menawdursam ediawdursam edif only I toppled | senawdursaŋ ediawdursaŋ edif only you toppled | olawdursa ediawdursaedif only he toppled | bizawdursaq ediawdursaq edif only we toppled | sizawdursağız ediawdursağız edif only you all toppled | alaawdursala ediawdursalaedif only they toppled |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menawdurmasam ediawdurmasam edif only I didn't topple | senawdurmasaŋ ediawdurmasaŋ edif only you didn't topple | olawdurmasa ediawdurmasaedif only he didn't topple | bizawdurmasaq ediawdurmasaq edif only we didn't topple | sizawdurmasağız ediawdurmasağız edif only you all didn't topple | alaawdurmasala ediawdurmasalaedif only they didn't topple |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menawdurub tursamif I carry on toppling | senawdurub tursaŋif you carry on toppling | olawdurub tursaif he carries on toppling | bizawdurub tursaqif we carry on toppling | sizawdurub tursağızif you all carry on toppling | alaawdurub tursalaif they carry on toppling |
| Durative conditional | menawdurub turmasamif I don't carry on toppling | senawdurub turmasaŋif you don't carry on toppling | olawdurub turmasaif he doesn't carry on toppling | bizawdurub turmasaqif we don't carry on toppling | sizawdurub turmasağızif you all don't carry on toppling | alaawdurub turmasalaif they don't carry on toppling |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menawdurub tura esemif I have kept toppling | senawdurub tura eseŋif you have kept toppling | olawdurub tura eseif he has kept toppling | bizawdurub tura esekif we have kept toppling | sizawdurub tura esegizif you all have kept toppling | alaawdurub tura eseleif they have kept toppling |
| Durative conditional, present real | menawdurub turmay esemif I haven't kept toppling | senawdurub turmay eseŋif you haven't kept toppling | olawdurub turmay eseif he hasn't kept toppling | bizawdurub turmay esekif we haven't kept toppling | sizawdurub turmay esegizif you all haven't kept toppling | alaawdurub turmay eseleif they haven't kept toppling |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menawdura tursamif I keep toppling | senawdura tursaŋif you keep toppling | olawdura tursaif he keeps toppling | bizawdura tursaqif we keep toppling | sizawdura tursağızif you all keep toppling | alaawdura tursalaif they keep toppling |
| Progressive conditional | menawdurmay tursamif I keep on not toppling | senawdurmay tursaŋif you keep on not toppling | olawdurmay tursaif he keeps on not toppling | bizawdurmay tursaqif we keep on not toppling | sizawdurmay tursağızif you all keep on not toppling | alaawdurmay tursalaif they keep on not toppling |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menawdura tura esemif I am in the middle of toppling | senawdura tura eseŋif you are in the middle of toppling | olawdura tura eseif he is in the middle of toppling | bizawdura tura esekif we are in the middle of toppling | sizawdura tura esegizif you all are in the middle of toppling | alaawdura tura eseleif they are in the middle of toppling |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menawdurmay tura esemif I keep on not toppling | senawdurmay tura eseŋif you keep on not toppling | olawdurmay tura eseif he keeps on not toppling | bizawdurmay tura esekif we keep on not toppling | sizawdurmay tura esegizif you all keep on not toppling | alaawdurmay tura eseleif they keep on not toppling |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past3 | menawdurdum esemif I toppled | senawdurduŋ eseŋif you toppled | olawdurdu eseif he toppled | bizawdurduq esekif we toppled | sizawdurduğuz esegizif you all toppled | alaawdurdula eseleif they toppled |
| Conditional, definite past3 | menawdurmadım esemif I didn't topple | senawdurmadıŋ eseŋif you didn't topple | olawdurmadı eseif he didn't topple | bizawdurmadıq esekif we didn't topple | sizawdurmadığız esegizif you all didn't topple | alaawdurmadıla eseleif they didn't topple |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menawdurğan esemif I did topple (indeed) | senawdurğan eseŋif you did topple (indeed) | olawdurğan eseif he did topple (indeed) | bizawdurğan esekif we did topple (indeed) | sizawdurğan esegizif you all did topple (indeed) | alaawdurğan eseleif they did topple (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menawdurmağan esemif I didn't topple (indeed) | senawdurmağan eseŋif you didn't topple (indeed) | olawdurmağan eseif he didn't topple (indeed) | bizawdurmağan esekif we didn't topple (indeed) | sizawdurmağan esegizif you all didn't topple (indeed) | alaawdurmağan eseleif they didn't topple (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menawdurğan bolsamif I had toppled | senawdurğan bolsaŋif you had toppled | olawdurğan bolsaif he had toppled | bizawdurğan bolsaqif we had toppled | sizawdurğan bolsağızif you all had toppled | alaawdurğan bolsalaif they had toppled |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menawdurmağan bolsamif I hadn't toppled | senawdurmağan bolsaŋif you hadn't toppled | olawdurmağan bolsaif he hadn't toppled | bizawdurmağan bolsaqif we hadn't toppled | sizawdurmağan bolsağızif you all hadn't toppled | alaawdurmağan bolsalaif they hadn't toppled |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menawdurğan bolsam ediawdurğan bolsam edif only I had toppled | senawdurğan bolsaŋ ediawdurğan bolsaŋ edif only you had toppled | olawdurğan bolsa ediawdurğan bolsaedif only he had toppled | bizawdurğan bolsaq ediawdurğan bolsaq edif only we had toppled | sizawdurğan bolsağız ediawdurğan bolsağız edif only you all had toppled | alaawdurğan bolsala ediawdurğan bolsalaedif only they had toppled |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menawdurmağan bolsam ediawdurmağan bolsam edif only I hadn't toppled | senawdurmağan bolsaŋ ediawdurmağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't toppled | olawdurmağan bolsa ediawdurmağan bolsaedif only he hadn't toppled | bizawdurmağan bolsaq ediawdurmağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't toppled | sizawdurmağan bolsağız ediawdurmağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't toppled | alaawdurmağan bolsala ediawdurmağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't toppled |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menawdurur esemif I will topple | senawdurur eseŋif you will topple | olawdurur eseif he will topple | bizawdurur esekif we will topple | sizawdurur esegizif you all will topple | alaawdurur eseleif they will topple |
| Conditional, aorist | menawdurmaz esemif I won't topple | senawdurmaz eseŋif you won't topple | olawdurmaz eseif he won't topple | bizawdurmaz esekif we won't topple | sizawdurmaz esegizif you all won't topple | alaawdurmaz eseleif they won't topple |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menawdurluq esem4awdurruq esemif I am going to topple | senawdurluq eseŋ4awdurruq eseŋif you are going to topple | olawdurluq ese4awdurruq eseif he is going to topple | bizawdurluq esek4awdurruq esekif we are going to topple | sizawdurluq esegiz4awdurruq esegizif you all are going to topple | alaawdurluq esele4awdurruq eseleif they are going to topple |
| Conditional, future | menawdurluq tül esem4awdurruq tül esemif I am not going to topple | senawdurluq tül eseŋ4awdurruq tül eseŋif you are not going to topple | olawdurluq tül ese4awdurruq tül eseif he is not going to topple | bizawdurluq tül esek4awdurruq tül esekif we are not going to topple | sizawdurluq tül esegiz4awdurruq tül esegizif you all are not going to topple | alaawdurluq tül esele4awdurruq tül eseleif they are not going to topple |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menawdurluq bolsam5awdurruq bolsamif I were going to topple | senawdurluq bolsaŋ5awdurruq bolsaŋif you were going to topple | olawdurluq bolsa5awdurruq bolsaif he were going to topple | bizawdurluq bolsaq5awdurruq bolsaqif we were going to topple | sizawdurluq bolsağız5awdurruq bolsağızif you all were going to topple | alaawdurluq bolsala5awdurruq bolsalaif they were going to topple |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menawdurmazlıq bolsamif I were not going to topple | senawdurmazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to topple | olawdurmazlıq bolsaif he were not going to topple | bizawdurmazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to topple | sizawdurmazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to topple | alaawdurmazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to topple |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso awdurduŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
- Conditional, futurespoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so awdurruq ese
- Conditional, counterfactual futurespoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so awdurruq bolsa
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menawdura bolurmaI must be toppling | senawdura bolursayou must be toppling | olawdura bolurhe must be toppling | bizawdura bolurbuzwe must be toppling | sizawdura bolursuzyou all must be toppling | alaawdura bolurlathey must be toppling |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menawdurmay bolurmaI must not be toppling | senawdurmay bolursayou must not be toppling | olawdurmay bolurhe must not be toppling | bizawdurmay bolurbuzwe must not be toppling | sizawdurmay bolursuzyou all must not be toppling | alaawdurmay bolurlathey must not be toppling |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menawdura tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of toppling | senawdura tura bolursayou must be in the middle of toppling | olawdura tura bolurhe must be in the middle of toppling | bizawdura tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of toppling | sizawdura tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of toppling | alaawdura tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of toppling |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menawdurmay tura bolurmaI must keep on not toppling | senawdurmay tura bolursayou must keep on not toppling | olawdurmay tura bolurhe must keep on not toppling | bizawdurmay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not toppling | sizawdurmay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not toppling | alaawdurmay tura bolurlathey must keep on not toppling |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menawdurğan bolurmaI must have toppled | senawdurğan bolursayou must have toppled | olawdurğan bolurhe must have toppled | bizawdurğan bolurbuzwe must have toppled | sizawdurğan bolursuzyou all must have toppled | alaawdurğan bolurlathey must have toppled |
| Inference (must have) | menawdurmağan bolurmaI must not have toppled | senawdurmağan bolursayou must not have toppled | olawdurmağan bolurhe must not have toppled | bizawdurmağan bolurbuzwe must not have toppled | sizawdurmağan bolursuzyou all must not have toppled | alaawdurmağan bolurlathey must not have toppled |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menawdurluq bolurma6awdurruq bolurmaI must be going to topple | senawdurluq bolursa6awdurruq bolursayou must be going to topple | olawdurluq bolur6awdurruq bolurhe must be going to topple | bizawdurluq bolurbuz6awdurruq bolurbuzwe must be going to topple | sizawdurluq bolursuz6awdurruq bolursuzyou all must be going to topple | alaawdurluq bolurla6awdurruq bolurlathey must be going to topple |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menawdurmazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to topple | senawdurmazlıq bolursayou must not be going to topple | olawdurmazlıq bolurhe must not be going to topple | bizawdurmazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to topple | sizawdurmazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to topple | alaawdurmazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to topple |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Inference, future (must be going to)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so awdurruq bolur
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menawdurayımlet me topple | senawdur!topple! | olawdursunlet him topple | bizawdurayıqlet's topple | sizawduruğuz!topple, you all! | alaawdursunlalet them topple |
| Commands & suggestions | menawdurmayımlet me not topple | senawdurma!don't topple! | olawdurmasınlet him not topple | bizawdurmayıqlet's not topple | sizawdurmağız!don't topple, you all! | alaawdurmasınlalet them not topple |
| Commands & suggestions | menawdurayımmı?shall I topple? | olawdursunmu?should he topple? | bizawdurayıqmı?shall we topple? | alaawdursunlamı?should they topple? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menawdurmayımmı?shall I not topple? | olawdurmasınmı?should he not topple? | bizawdurmayıqmı?shall we not topple? | alaawdurmasınlamı?should they not topple? | ||
| Requests | senawdurçu7awdurçunplease topple | olawdursunçudo let him topple | sizawdurçuğuzplease topple (plural/polite) | alaawdursunlaçıdo let them topple | ||
| Requests | senawdurmaçı7awdurmaçınplease don't topple | olawdurmasınçıdo let him not topple | sizawdurmaçığızplease don't topple (plural/polite) | alaawdurmasınlaçıdo let them not topple | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senawdurğunawdurğumay you topple | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senawdurmağınawdurmağımay you not topple | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menawdurğay edim awdurğa edimwould that I toppled | senawdurğay ediŋ awdurğa ediŋwould that you toppled | olawdurğay edi awdurğa ediwould that he toppled | bizawdurğay edik awdurğa edikwould that we toppled | sizawdurğay edigiz awdurğa edigizwould that you all toppled | alaawdurğay edile awdurğa edilewould that they toppled |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menawdurmağay edim awdurmağa edimwould that I did not topple | senawdurmağay ediŋ awdurmağa ediŋwould that you did not topple | olawdurmağay edi awdurmağa ediwould that he did not topple | bizawdurmağay edik awdurmağa edikwould that we did not topple | sizawdurmağay edigiz awdurmağa edigizwould that you all did not topple | alaawdurmağay edile awdurmağa edilewould that they did not topple |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menawdurmağa qoyayımawdurma qoyayımlet me allow someone to topple | senawdurmağa qoy!awdurma qoy!let someone topple! | olawdurmağa qoysunawdurma qoysunlet him allow someone to topple | bizawdurmağa qoyayıqawdurma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to topple | sizawdurmağa qoyuğuz!awdurma qoyuğuz!let someone topple, you all! | alaawdurmağa qoysunlaawdurma qoysunlalet them allow someone to topple |
| Let someone… (commands) | menawdurmağa qoymayımawdurma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to topple | senawdurmağa qoyma!awdurma qoyma!don't let someone topple! | olawdurmağa qoymasınawdurma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to topple | bizawdurmağa qoymayıqawdurma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to topple | sizawdurmağa qoymağız!awdurma qoymağız!don't let someone topple, you all! | alaawdurmağa qoymasınlaawdurma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to topple |
| Let someone… (commands) | menawdurmağa qoyayımmı?awdurma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to topple? | olawdurmağa qoysunmu?awdurma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to topple? | bizawdurmağa qoyayıqmı?awdurma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to topple? | alaawdurmağa qoysunlamı?awdurma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to topple? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menawdurmağa qoymayımmı?awdurma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to topple? | olawdurmağa qoymasınmı?awdurma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to topple? | bizawdurmağa qoymayıqmı?awdurma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to topple? | alaawdurmağa qoymasınlamı?awdurma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to topple? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menawdurmağa qoyamaawdurma qoyamaI allow someone to topple | senawdurmağa qoyasaawdurma qoyasayou allow someone to topple | olawdurmağa qoyadıawdurma qoyadıhe allows someone to topple | bizawdurmağa qoyabızawdurma qoyabızwe allow someone to topple | sizawdurmağa qoyasızawdurma qoyasızyou all allow someone to topple | alaawdurmağa qoyadılaawdurma qoyadılathey allow someone to topple |
| Let someone… (present) | menawdurmağa qoymaymaawdurma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to topple | senawdurmağa qoymaysaawdurma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to topple | olawdurmağa qoymaydıawdurma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to topple | bizawdurmağa qoymaybızawdurma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to topple | sizawdurmağa qoymaysızawdurma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to topple | alaawdurmağa qoymaydılaawdurma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to topple |
| Let someone… (present) | menawdurmağa qoyamamı?awdurma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to topple? | senawdurmağa qoyamısa?awdurma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to topple? | olawdurmağa qoyamıdı?awdurma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to topple? | bizawdurmağa qoyabızmı?awdurma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to topple? | sizawdurmağa qoyamısız?awdurma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to topple? | alaawdurmağa qoyamıdıla?awdurma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to topple? |
| Let someone… (present) | menawdurmağa qoymaymamı?awdurma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to topple? | senawdurmağa qoymaymısa?awdurma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to topple? | olawdurmağa qoymaymıdı?awdurma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to topple? | bizawdurmağa qoymaybızmı?awdurma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to topple? | sizawdurmağa qoymaymısız?awdurma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to topple? | alaawdurmağa qoymaymıdıla?awdurma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to topple? |
| Let someone… (past) | menawdurmağa qoydumawdurma qoydumI allowed someone to topple | senawdurmağa qoyduŋawdurma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to topple | olawdurmağa qoyduawdurma qoyduhe allowed someone to topple | bizawdurmağa qoyduqawdurma qoyduqwe allowed someone to topple | sizawdurmağa qoyduğuzawdurma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to topple | alaawdurmağa qoydulaawdurma qoydulathey allowed someone to topple |
| Let someone… (past) | menawdurmağa qoymadımawdurma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to topple | senawdurmağa qoymadıŋawdurma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to topple | olawdurmağa qoymadıawdurma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to topple | bizawdurmağa qoymadıqawdurma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to topple | sizawdurmağa qoymadığızawdurma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to topple | alaawdurmağa qoymadılaawdurma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to topple |
| Let someone… (past) | menawdurmağa qoydummu?awdurma qoydummu?did I allow someone to topple? | senawdurmağa qoyduŋmu?awdurma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to topple? | olawdurmağa qoydumu?awdurma qoydumu?did he allow someone to topple? | bizawdurmağa qoyduqmu?awdurma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to topple? | sizawdurmağa qoyduğuzmu?awdurma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to topple? | alaawdurmağa qoydulamı?awdurma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to topple? |
| Let someone… (past) | menawdurmağa qoymadımmı?awdurma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to topple? | senawdurmağa qoymadıŋmı?awdurma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to topple? | olawdurmağa qoymadımı?awdurma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to topple? | bizawdurmağa qoymadıqmı?awdurma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to topple? | sizawdurmağa qoymadığızmı?awdurma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to topple? | alaawdurmağa qoymadılamı?awdurma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to topple? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
awduralırğa be able to topple · awduralmazğa be unable to topple
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menawduralamaI can topple | senawduralasayou can topple | olawduraladıhe can topple | bizawduralabızwe can topple | sizawduralasızyou all can topple | alaawduraladılathey can topple |
| Ability — present | menawduralmaymaI can't topple | senawduralmaysayou can't topple | olawduralmaydıhe can't topple | bizawduralmaybızwe can't topple | sizawduralmaysızyou all can't topple | alaawduralmaydılathey can't topple |
| Ability — present | menawduralamamı? awduralamıma?can I topple? | senawduralamısa?can you topple? | olawduralamıdı?can he topple? | bizawduralabızmı? awduralamıbız?can we topple? | sizawduralamısız?can you all topple? | alaawduralamıdıla?can they topple? |
| Ability — present | menawduralmaymamı? awduralmaymıma?can't I topple? | senawduralmaymısa?can't you topple? | olawduralmaymıdı?can't he topple? | bizawduralmaybızmı? awduralmaymıbız?can't we topple? | sizawduralmaymısız?can't you all topple? | alaawduralmaymıdıla?can't they topple? |
| Ability — if I can… | menawduralsamif I can topple | senawduralsaŋif you can topple | olawduralsaif he can topple | bizawduralsaqif we can topple | sizawduralsağızif you all can topple | alaawduralsalaif they can topple |
| Ability — if I can… | menawduralmasamif I can't topple | senawduralmasaŋif you can't topple | olawduralmasaif he can't topple | bizawduralmasaqif we can't topple | sizawduralmasağızif you all can't topple | alaawduralmasalaif they can't topple |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menawduraldımI was able to topple | senawduraldıŋyou were able to topple | olawduraldıhe was able to topple | bizawduraldıqwe were able to topple | sizawduraldığızyou all were able to topple | alaawduraldılathey were able to topple |
| Ability — simple past | menawduralmadımI could not topple | senawduralmadıŋyou could not topple | olawduralmadıhe could not topple | bizawduralmadıqwe could not topple | sizawduralmadığızyou all could not topple | alaawduralmadılathey could not topple |
| Ability — simple past | menawduraldımmı?was I able to topple? | senawduraldıŋmı?were you able to topple? | olawduraldımı?was he able to topple? | bizawduraldıqmı?were we able to topple? | sizawduraldığızmı?were you all able to topple? | alaawduraldılamı?were they able to topple? |
| Ability — simple past | menawduralmadımmı?couldn't I topple? | senawduralmadıŋmı?couldn't you topple? | olawduralmadımı?couldn't he topple? | bizawduralmadıqmı?couldn't we topple? | sizawduralmadığızmı?couldn't you all topple? | alaawduralmadılamı?couldn't they topple? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menawduralğanmaI have been able to topple | senawduralğansayou have been able to topple | olawduralğandıhe has been able to topple | bizawduralğanbızwe have been able to topple | sizawduralğansızyou all have been able to topple | alaawduralğandılathey have been able to topple |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menawduralmağanmaI haven't been able to topple | senawduralmağansayou haven't been able to topple | olawduralmağandıhe hasn't been able to topple | bizawduralmağanbızwe haven't been able to topple | sizawduralmağansızyou all haven't been able to topple | alaawduralmağandılathey haven't been able to topple |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menawduralğanmamı? awduralğanmıma?have I been able to topple? | senawduralğanmısa?have you been able to topple? | olawduralğanmıdı?has he been able to topple? | bizawduralğanbızmı? awduralğanmıbız?have we been able to topple? | sizawduralğanmısız?have you all been able to topple? | alaawduralğanmıdıla?have they been able to topple? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menawduralmağanmamı? awduralmağanmıma?haven't I been able to topple? | senawduralmağanmısa?haven't you been able to topple? | olawduralmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to topple? | bizawduralmağanbızmı? awduralmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to topple? | sizawduralmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to topple? | alaawduralmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to topple? |
| Ability — past perfect | menawduralğan edimawduralğanemI had been able to topple | senawduralğan ediŋawduralğaneŋyou had been able to topple | olawduralğan ediawduralğanedhe had been able to topple | bizawduralğan edikawduralğanekwe had been able to topple | sizawduralğan edigizawduralğanegizyou all had been able to topple | alaawduralğan edileawduralğanellethey had been able to topple |
| Ability — past perfect | menawduralmağan edimawduralmağanemI hadn't been able to topple | senawduralmağan ediŋawduralmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to topple | olawduralmağan ediawduralmağanedhe hadn't been able to topple | bizawduralmağan edikawduralmağanekwe hadn't been able to topple | sizawduralmağan edigizawduralmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to topple | alaawduralmağan edileawduralmağanellethey hadn't been able to topple |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menawdurala edimawduralaemI could topple | senawdurala ediŋawduralaeŋyou could topple | olawdurala ediawduralaedhe could topple | bizawdurala edikawduralaekwe could topple | sizawdurala edigizawduralaegizyou all could topple | alaawdurala edileawduralaellethey could topple |
| Ability — past background | menawduralmay edimawduralmayemI could not topple | senawduralmay ediŋawduralmayeŋyou could not topple | olawduralmay ediawduralmayedhe could not topple | bizawduralmay edikawduralmayekwe could not topple | sizawduralmay edigizawduralmayegizyou all could not topple | alaawduralmay edileawduralmayellethey could not topple |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menawduralırmaI will be able to topple | senawduralırsayou will be able to topple | olawduralırhe will be able to topple | bizawduralırbızwe will be able to topple | sizawduralırsızyou all will be able to topple | alaawduralırlathey will be able to topple |
| Ability — future I | menawduralmazmaI won't be able to topple | senawduralmazsayou won't be able to topple | olawduralmazhe won't be able to topple | bizawduralmazbızwe won't be able to topple | sizawduralmazsızyou all won't be able to topple | alaawduralmazlathey won't be able to topple |
| Ability — future I | menawduralırmamı? awduralırmıma?will I be able to topple? | senawduralırmısa?will you be able to topple? | olawduralırmı?will he be able to topple? | bizawduralırbızmı? awduralırmıbız?will we be able to topple? | sizawduralırmısız?will you all be able to topple? | alaawduralırlamı? awduralırmıla?will they be able to topple? |
| Ability — future I | menawduralmazmamı? awduralmazmıma?won't I be able to topple? | senawduralmazmısa?won't you be able to topple? | olawduralmazmı?won't he be able to topple? | bizawduralmazbızmı? awduralmazmıbız?won't we be able to topple? | sizawduralmazmısız?won't you all be able to topple? | alaawduralmazlamı? awduralmazmıla?won't they be able to topple? |
| Ability — future II | menawdurallıqmaI am going to be able to topple | senawdurallıqsayou are going to be able to topple | olawdurallıqdıhe is going to be able to topple | bizawdurallıqbızwe are going to be able to topple | sizawdurallıqsızyou all are going to be able to topple | alaawdurallıqdılathey are going to be able to topple |
| Ability — future II | menawdurallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to topple | senawdurallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to topple | olawdurallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to topple | bizawdurallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to topple | sizawdurallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to topple | alaawdurallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to topple |
| Ability — future II | menawdurallıqmamı? awdurallıqmıma?am I going to be able to topple? | senawdurallıqmısa?are you going to be able to topple? | olawdurallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to topple? | bizawdurallıqbızmı? awdurallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to topple? | sizawdurallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to topple? | alaawdurallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to topple? |
| Ability — future II | menawdurallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to topple? | senawdurallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to topple? | olawdurallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to topple? | bizawdurallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to topple? | sizawdurallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to topple? | alaawdurallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to topple? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menawduralır edimawduralır emI would be able to topple | senawduralır ediŋawduralır eŋyou would be able to topple | olawduralır ediawduralır edhe would be able to topple | bizawduralır edikawduralır ekwe would be able to topple | sizawduralır edigizawduralır egizyou all would be able to topple | alaawduralır edileawduralır ellethey would be able to topple |
| Ability — would be able to… | menawduralmaz edimawduralmaz emI wouldn't be able to topple | senawduralmaz ediŋawduralmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to topple | olawduralmaz ediawduralmaz edhe wouldn't be able to topple | bizawduralmaz edikawduralmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to topple | sizawduralmaz edigizawduralmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to topple | alaawduralmaz edileawduralmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to topple |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senawduralğınawduralğımay you be able to topple | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senawduralmağınawduralmağımay you not be able to topple | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menawdururğa izleymeI want to topple | senawdururğa izleyseyou want to topple | olawdururğa izleydihe wants to topple | bizawdururğa izleybizwe want to topple | sizawdururğa izleysizyou all want to topple | alaawdururğa izleydilethey want to topple |
| want to | menawdururğa izlemeymeI do not want to topple | senawdururğa izlemeyseyou do not want to topple | olawdururğa izlemeydihe does not want to topple | bizawdururğa izlemeybizwe do not want to topple | sizawdururğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to topple | alaawdururğa izlemeydilethey do not want to topple |
| would like to | menawdururğa süemeI would like to topple | senawdururğa süeseyou would like to topple | olawdururğa süedihe would like to topple | bizawdururğa süebizwe would like to topple | sizawdururğa süesizyou all would like to topple | alaawdururğa süedilethey would like to topple |
| would like to | menawdururğa süymeymeI would not like to topple | senawdururğa süymeyseyou would not like to topple | olawdururğa süymeydihe would not like to topple | bizawdururğa süymeybizwe would not like to topple | sizawdururğa süymeysizyou all would not like to topple | alaawdururğa süymeydilethey would not like to topple |
| hope to | menawdururğa umutlanamaI hope to topple | senawdururğa umutlanasayou hope to topple | olawdururğa umutlanadıhe hopes to topple | bizawdururğa umutlanabızwe hope to topple | sizawdururğa umutlanasızyou all hope to topple | alaawdururğa umutlanadılathey hope to topple |
| hope to | menawdururğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to topple | senawdururğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to topple | olawdururğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to topple | bizawdururğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to topple | sizawdururğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to topple | alaawdururğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to topple |
| be about to | menawdururğa deb turamaI am about to topple | senawdururğa deb turasayou are about to topple | olawdururğa deb turadıhe is about to topple | bizawdururğa deb turabızwe are about to topple | sizawdururğa deb turasızyou all are about to topple | alaawdururğa deb turadılathey are about to topple |
| be about to | menawdururğa deb turmaymaI am not about to topple | senawdururğa deb turmaysayou are not about to topple | olawdururğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to topple | bizawdururğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to topple | sizawdururğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to topple | alaawdururğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to topple |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menawdururğa kerekmeI need to topple | senawdururğa kerekseyou need to topple | olawdururğa kerekdihe needs to topple | bizawdururğa kerekbizwe need to topple | sizawdururğa kereksizyou all need to topple | alaawdururğa kerekdilethey need to topple |
| need to | menawdururğa kerek tülmeI do not need to topple | senawdururğa kerek tülseyou do not need to topple | olawdururğa kerek tüldühe does not need to topple | bizawdururğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to topple | sizawdururğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to topple | alaawdururğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to topple |
| have to | menmenŋe awdururğa tüşediI have to topple | sensenŋe awdururğa tüşediyou have to topple | olaŋa awdururğa tüşedihe has to topple | bizbizge awdururğa tüşediwe have to topple | sizsizge awdururğa tüşediyou all have to topple | alaalağa awdururğa tüşedithey have to topple |
| have to | menmenŋe awdururğa tüşmeydiI do not have to topple | sensenŋe awdururğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to topple | olaŋa awdururğa tüşmeydihe does not have to topple | bizbizge awdururğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to topple | sizsizge awdururğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to topple | alaalağa awdururğa tüşmeydithey do not have to topple |
| be obliged to | menawdururğa borçlumaI am obliged to topple | senawdururğa borçlusayou are obliged to topple | olawdururğa borçluduhe is obliged to topple | bizawdururğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to topple | sizawdururğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to topple | alaawdururğa borçludulathey are obliged to topple |
| be obliged to | menawdururğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to topple | senawdururğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to topple | olawdururğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to topple | bizawdururğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to topple | sizawdururğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to topple | alaawdururğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to topple |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menawdururğa madarım bardıI have a way to topple | senawdururğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to topple | olawdururğa madarı bardıhe has a way to topple | bizawdururğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to topple | sizawdururğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to topple | alaawdururğa madarları bardıthey have a way to topple |
| have a way to | menawdururğa madarım joqduI have no way to topple | senawdururğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to topple | olawdururğa madarı joqduhe has no way to topple | bizawdururğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to topple | sizawdururğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to topple | alaawdururğa madarları joqduthey have no way to topple |
| be free to | menawdururğa erkinligim bardıI am free to topple | senawdururğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to topple | olawdururğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to topple | bizawdururğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to topple | sizawdururğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to topple | alaawdururğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to topple |
| be free to | menawdururğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to topple | senawdururğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to topple | olawdururğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to topple | bizawdururğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to topple | sizawdururğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to topple | alaawdururğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to topple |
| be possible to | menmenŋe awdururğa bolluqduit is possible for me to topple | sensenŋe awdururğa bolluqduit is possible for you to topple | olaŋa awdururğa bolluqduit is possible for him to topple | bizbizge awdururğa bolluqduit is possible for us to topple | sizsizge awdururğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to topple | alaalağa awdururğa bolluqduit is possible for them to topple |
| be possible to | menmenŋe awdururğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to topple | sensenŋe awdururğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to topple | olaŋa awdururğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to topple | bizbizge awdururğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to topple | sizsizge awdururğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to topple | alaalağa awdururğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to topple |
| be ready to | menawdururğa hazırmaI am ready to topple | senawdururğa hazırsayou are ready to topple | olawdururğa hazırdıhe is ready to topple | bizawdururğa hazırbızwe are ready to topple | sizawdururğa hazırsızyou all are ready to topple | alaawdururğa hazırdılathey are ready to topple |
| be ready to | menawdururğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to topple | senawdururğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to topple | olawdururğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to topple | bizawdururğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to topple | sizawdururğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to topple | alaawdururğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to topple |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menawdururğa küreşemeI am trying to topple | senawdururğa küreşeseyou are trying to topple | olawdururğa küreşedihe is trying to topple | bizawdururğa küreşebizwe are trying to topple | sizawdururğa küreşesizyou all are trying to topple | alaawdururğa küreşedilethey are trying to topple |
| try to | menawdururğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to topple | senawdururğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to topple | olawdururğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to topple | bizawdururğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to topple | sizawdururğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to topple | alaawdururğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to topple |
| agree to | menawdururğa unaymaI agree to topple | senawdururğa unaysayou agree to topple | olawdururğa unaydıhe agrees to topple | bizawdururğa unaybızwe agree to topple | sizawdururğa unaysızyou all agree to topple | alaawdururğa unaydılathey agree to topple |
| agree to | menawdururğa unamaymaI refuse to topple | senawdururğa unamaysayou refuse to topple | olawdururğa unamaydıhe refuses to topple | bizawdururğa unamaybızwe refuse to topple | sizawdururğa unamaysızyou all refuse to topple | alaawdururğa unamaydılathey refuse to topple |
| hurry to | menawdururğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to topple | senawdururğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to topple | olawdururğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to topple | bizawdururğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to topple | sizawdururğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to topple | alaawdururğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to topple |
| hurry to | menawdururğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to topple | senawdururğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to topple | olawdururğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to topple | bizawdururğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to topple | sizawdururğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to topple | alaawdururğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to topple |
| be afraid to | menawdururğa qorqamaI am afraid to topple | senawdururğa qorqasayou are afraid to topple | olawdururğa qorqadıhe is afraid to topple | bizawdururğa qorqabızwe are afraid to topple | sizawdururğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to topple | alaawdururğa qorqadılathey are afraid to topple |
| be afraid to | menawdururğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to topple | senawdururğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to topple | olawdururğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to topple | bizawdururğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to topple | sizawdururğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to topple | alaawdururğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to topple |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menawdura bolmazmaI can't be toppling | senawdura bolmazsayou can't be toppling | olawdura bolmazhe can't be toppling | bizawdura bolmazbızwe can't be toppling | sizawdura bolmazsızyou all can't be toppling | alaawdura bolmazlathey can't be toppling |
| Inference, present — double negation | menawdurmay bolmazmaI must be toppling (emphatic) | senawdurmay bolmazsayou must be toppling (emphatic) | olawdurmay bolmazhe must be toppling (emphatic) | bizawdurmay bolmazbızwe must be toppling (emphatic) | sizawdurmay bolmazsızyou all must be toppling (emphatic) | alaawdurmay bolmazlathey must be toppling (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menawdura turmasamif I don't keep toppling | senawdura turmasaŋif you don't keep toppling | olawdura turmasaif he doesn't keep toppling | bizawdura turmasaqif we don't keep toppling | sizawdura turmasağızif you all don't keep toppling | alaawdura turmasalaif they don't keep toppling |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menawdura tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of toppling | senawdura tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of toppling | olawdura tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of toppling | bizawdura tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of toppling | sizawdura tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of toppling | alaawdura tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of toppling |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menawdurmay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not toppling (emphatic) | senawdurmay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not toppling (emphatic) | olawdurmay tura bolmazhe must keep on not toppling (emphatic) | bizawdurmay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not toppling (emphatic) | sizawdurmay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not toppling (emphatic) | alaawdurmay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not toppling (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menawdurmay turamaI keep on not toppling | senawdurmay turasayou keep on not toppling | olawdurmay turadıhe keeps on not toppling | bizawdurmay turabızwe keep on not toppling | sizawdurmay turasızyou all keep on not toppling | alaawdurmay turadılathey keep on not toppling |
| Progressive — double negation | menawdurmay turmaymaI am not keeping on not toppling | senawdurmay turmaysayou are not keeping on not toppling | olawdurmay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not toppling | bizawdurmay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not toppling | sizawdurmay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not toppling | alaawdurmay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not toppling |
| Progressive — double negation | menawdurmay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not toppling? | senawdurmay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not toppling? | olawdurmay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not toppling? | bizawdurmay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not toppling? | sizawdurmay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not toppling? | alaawdurmay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not toppling? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menawdurğan bolmazmaI can't have toppled | senawdurğan bolmazsayou can't have toppled | olawdurğan bolmazhe can't have toppled | bizawdurğan bolmazbızwe can't have toppled | sizawdurğan bolmazsızyou all can't have toppled | alaawdurğan bolmazlathey can't have toppled |
| Inference — double negation | menawdurmağan bolmazmaI must have toppled (emphatic) | senawdurmağan bolmazsayou must have toppled (emphatic) | olawdurmağan bolmazhe must have toppled (emphatic) | bizawdurmağan bolmazbızwe must have toppled (emphatic) | sizawdurmağan bolmazsızyou all must have toppled (emphatic) | alaawdurmağan bolmazlathey must have toppled (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menawdurğan bolmasamif it weren't that I had toppled | senawdurğan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had toppled | olawdurğan bolmasaif it weren't that he had toppled | bizawdurğan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had toppled | sizawdurğan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had toppled | alaawdurğan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had toppled |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menawdurmağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't toppled | senawdurmağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't toppled | olawdurmağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't toppled | bizawdurmağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't toppled | sizawdurmağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't toppled | alaawdurmağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't toppled |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menawdurluq bolmazmaI can't be going to topple | senawdurluq bolmazsayou can't be going to topple | olawdurluq bolmazhe can't be going to topple | bizawdurluq bolmazbızwe can't be going to topple | sizawdurluq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to topple | alaawdurluq bolmazlathey can't be going to topple |
| Inference, future — double negation | menawdurmazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to topple (emphatic) | senawdurmazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to topple (emphatic) | olawdurmazlıq bolmazhe must be going to topple (emphatic) | bizawdurmazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to topple (emphatic) | sizawdurmazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to topple (emphatic) | alaawdurmazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to topple (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menawdurluq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to topple | senawdurluq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to topple | olawdurluq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to topple | bizawdurluq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to topple | sizawdurluq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to topple | alaawdurluq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to topple |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menawdurmazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to topple | senawdurmazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to topple | olawdurmazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to topple | bizawdurmazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to topple | sizawdurmazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to topple | alaawdurmazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to topple |