jaman
/dʒaman/
Definitions
1. bad, of poor quality; wicked in character
- jaman adam — a bad man
- ket sen jaman! — get out, you wretch!
- jaman hapar — bad news
2. a rascal, a mischievous child
- ay, jaman! — oh, you rascal!
- jamanım, qaydasa? — my little rascal, where are you?
- jamanla arbazda oynaydıla — the rascals are playing in the yard
3. very, to a high degree
- jaman arığanma — I am very tired
- jaman süeme — I like it very much
- jaman igi jırlaydı — he sings very well
Related
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or .As an adjective
Degrees
| base form | jamanbad |
|---|---|
| comparative — more | jamanıraqworse |
| intensifier — very | bek jamanvery bad |
| superlative — most | em jamanthe worst |
To compare two things, put the loser in the from-form: ol menden jamandı — "compared to me, he is bad."
Saying it about someone
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person | men jamanmaI am bad | biz jamanbızwe are bad |
| 2nd person | sen jamansayou are bad | siz jamansızyou all are bad |
| 3rd person | ol jamandıhe / she / it is bad | ala jamandılathey are bad |
Saying it about something
| One thing | Several | |
|---|---|---|
| this / these | bu jamandıthis is bad | bıla jamandılathese are bad |
| that / those | ol jamandıthat / it is bad | ala jamandılathose / they are bad |
| mine | meniki jamandımine is bad | menikile jamandılamine are bad |
| yours | seniki jamandıyours is bad | senikile jamandılayours are bad |
| ours | bizniki jamandıours is bad | biznikile jamandılaours are bad |
As a noun
Cases
| Singular | Plural | When to use it | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | jamanthe rascal | jamanlathe rascals | the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence |
| genitive | jamannıthe rascal's | jamanlanıthe rascals' | the owner — whose it is |
| accusative | jamannıthe rascal (as the object) | jamanlanıthe rascals (as the object) | a specific, known object — whom or what |
| dative | jamangato the rascal | jamanlağato the rascals | direction or recipient — to where, to whom |
| locative | jamandaat / in the rascal | jamanladaat / in the rascals | where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it" |
| ablative | jamandanfrom the rascal | jamanladanfrom the rascals | where it comes from; also "than" when comparing |
When to use each case
- nominative
- the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence
- genitive
- the owner — whose it is
- accusative
- a specific, known object — whom or what
- dative
- direction or recipient — to where, to whom
- locative
- where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it"
- ablative
- where it comes from; also "than" when comparing
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
With an owner
| One owned | Several owned | |
|---|---|---|
| my | jamanımmy rascal | jamanlarımmy rascals |
| your | jamanıngyour rascal | jamanlarıngyour rascals |
| his / her | jamanıhis / her rascal | jamanlarıhis / her rascals |
| our | jamanıbızour rascal | jamanlarıbızour rascals |
| you all's | jamanığızyou all's rascal | jamanlarığızyou all's rascals |
| their | jamanlarıtheir rascal | jamanlarıtheir rascals |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: jamanları can mean "his / her rascals", "their rascal", or "their rascals" — context decides.