ezerge
/ezerɡe/
1. grind, pound, crush fine, rub down — Typical objects: garlic (sarımsaq), sugar, nuts in a mortar.
- şekerni ezerge — to pound the sugar
- sarsmaqnı ezerge — to rub down the garlic
- darmannı ezedi — he is grinding the medicine
2. crush, squash, mash, press flat; press out juice — Used of fruit (almalanı ezme, don't bruise the apples), grapes pressed for juice, and insects squashed to death.
- almalanı ezme — do not squash the apples
- jüzümnü ez — press the grapes
- jılannı başın ezdi — he crushed the snake's head
- şaptallanı ezmey jıydıq — we gathered the peaches without squashing them
- gardoşnu ezerge — to mash the potatoes
3. oppress, grind down, torment — jüregin ezerge means cause someone heartache or humiliate them.
- jüregin ezerge — to crush his heart
- bayla jarlılanı ezedile — the rich oppress the poor
- din adamnı ezgen etedi — religion oppresses man
4. wipe out, destroy, crush (an enemy)
- jawnu ezdile — they crushed the enemy
- asker jawnu ezerge kerekdi — the army must crush the enemy
- keç, ertde bolsa da, ezerbiz — late or early, we will crush them
5. eat
- bügün juq ezgenmise? — did you eat anything today?
Conjugation
Common forms
- ezedihe is grinding
- ezdihe ground
- ezgendihe has ground
- ezerhe will grind
- ezerikdihe is going to grind
- eze edihe was grinding
- ezseif he grinds
- ez!grind!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menezemeI am grinding | senezeseyou are grinding | olezedihe is grinding | bizezebizwe are grinding | sizezesizyou all are grinding | alaezedilethey are grinding |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menezmeymeI am not grinding | senezmeyseyou are not grinding | olezmeydihe is not grinding | bizezmeybizwe are not grinding | sizezmeysizyou all are not grinding | alaezmeydilethey are not grinding |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menezememi? ezemime?am I grinding? | senezemise?are you grinding? | olezemidi?is he grinding? | bizezebizmi? ezemibiz?are we grinding? | sizezemisiz?are you all grinding? | alaezemidile?are they grinding? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menezmeymemi? ezmeymime?aren't I grinding? | senezmeymise?aren't you grinding? | olezmeymidi?isn't he grinding? | bizezmeybizmi? ezmeymibiz?aren't we grinding? | sizezmeymisiz?aren't you all grinding? | alaezmeymidile?aren't they grinding? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | meneziwçenmeI usually grind | seneziwçenseyou usually grind | oleziwçendihe usually grinds | bizeziwçenbizwe usually grind | sizeziwçensizyou all usually grind | alaeziwçendilethey usually grind |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menezmewçenmeI usually don't grind | senezmewçenseyou usually don't grind | olezmewçendihe usually doesn't grind | bizezmewçenbizwe usually don't grind | sizezmewçensizyou all usually don't grind | alaezmewçendilethey usually don't grind |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | meneziwçenmemi? eziwçenmime?do I usually grind? | seneziwçenmise?do you usually grind? | oleziwçenmidi?does he usually grind? | bizeziwçenbizmi? eziwçenmibiz?do we usually grind? | sizeziwçenmisiz?do you all usually grind? | alaeziwçenmidile?do they usually grind? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menezmewçenmemi? ezmewçenmime?do I usually not grind? | senezmewçenmise?do you usually not grind? | olezmewçenmidi?does he usually not grind? | bizezmewçenbizmi? ezmewçenmibiz?do we usually not grind? | sizezmewçenmisiz?do you all usually not grind? | alaezmewçenmidile?do they usually not grind? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olezibdihe has ground and remains so | alaezibdilethey have ground and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olezibmidi?has he ground? | alaezibmidile?have they ground? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menezib turamaI keep grinding | senezib turasayou keep grinding | olezib turadıhe keeps grinding | bizezib turabızwe keep grinding | sizezib turasızyou all keep grinding | alaezib turadılathey keep grinding |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menezib turmaymaI don't keep grinding | senezib turmaysayou don't keep grinding | olezib turmaydıhe doesn't keep grinding | bizezib turmaybızwe don't keep grinding | sizezib turmaysızyou all don't keep grinding | alaezib turmaydılathey don't keep grinding |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menezib turamamı? ezib turamıma?do I keep grinding? | senezib turamısa?do you keep grinding? | olezib turamıdı?does he keep grinding? | bizezib turabızmı? ezib turamıbız?do we keep grinding? | sizezib turamısız?do you all keep grinding? | alaezib turamıdıla?do they keep grinding? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menezib turmaymamı? ezib turmaymıma?don't I keep grinding? | senezib turmaymısa?don't you keep grinding? | olezib turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep grinding? | bizezib turmaybızmı? ezib turmaymıbız?don't we keep grinding? | sizezib turmaymısız?don't you all keep grinding? | alaezib turmaymıdıla?don't they keep grinding? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | meneze turamaI am in the middle of grinding | seneze turasayou are in the middle of grinding | oleze turadıhe is in the middle of grinding | bizeze turabızwe are in the middle of grinding | sizeze turasızyou all are in the middle of grinding | alaeze turadılathey are in the middle of grinding |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | meneze turmaymaI am not in the middle of grinding | seneze turmaysayou are not in the middle of grinding | oleze turmaydıhe is not in the middle of grinding | bizeze turmaybızwe are not in the middle of grinding | sizeze turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of grinding | alaeze turmaydılathey are not in the middle of grinding |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | meneze turamamı? eze turamıma?am I in the middle of grinding? | seneze turamısa?are you in the middle of grinding? | oleze turamıdı?is he in the middle of grinding? | bizeze turabızmı? eze turamıbız?are we in the middle of grinding? | sizeze turamısız?are you all in the middle of grinding? | alaeze turamıdıla?are they in the middle of grinding? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | meneze turmaymamı? eze turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of grinding? | seneze turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of grinding? | oleze turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of grinding? | bizeze turmaybızmı? eze turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of grinding? | sizeze turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of grinding? | alaeze turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of grinding? |
| Simple past (definite) | menezdimI ground | senezdiŋyou ground | olezdihe ground | bizezdikwe ground | sizezdigizyou all ground | alaezdilethey ground |
| Simple past (definite) | menezmedimI didn't grind | senezmediŋyou didn't grind | olezmedihe didn't grind | bizezmedikwe didn't grind | sizezmedigizyou all didn't grind | alaezmedilethey didn't grind |
| Simple past (definite) | menezdimmi?did I grind? | senezdiŋmi?did you grind? | olezdimi?did he grind? | bizezdikmi?did we grind? | sizezdigizmi?did you all grind? | alaezdilemi?did they grind? |
| Simple past (definite) | menezmedimmi?didn't I grind? | senezmediŋmi?didn't you grind? | olezmedimi?didn't he grind? | bizezmedikmi?didn't we grind? | sizezmedigizmi?didn't you all grind? | alaezmedilemi?didn't they grind? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menezgenmeI have ground | senezgenseyou have ground | olezgendihe has ground | bizezgenbizwe have ground | sizezgensizyou all have ground | alaezgendilethey have ground |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menezmegenmeI haven't ground | senezmegenseyou haven't ground | olezmegendihe hasn't ground | bizezmegenbizwe haven't ground | sizezmegensizyou all haven't ground | alaezmegendilethey haven't ground |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menezgenmemi? ezgenmime?have I ground? | senezgenmise?have you ground? | olezgenmidi?has he ground? | bizezgenbizmi? ezgenmibiz?have we ground? | sizezgenmisiz?have you all ground? | alaezgenmidile?have they ground? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menezmegenmemi? ezmegenmime?haven't I ground? | senezmegenmise?haven't you ground? | olezmegenmidi?hasn't he ground? | bizezmegenbizmi? ezmegenmibiz?haven't we ground? | sizezmegenmisiz?haven't you all ground? | alaezmegenmidile?haven't they ground? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menezib turdumI kept grinding | senezib turduŋyou kept grinding | olezib turduhe kept grinding | bizezib turduqwe kept grinding | sizezib turduğuzyou all kept grinding | alaezib turdulathey kept grinding |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menezib turmadımI didn't keep grinding | senezib turmadıŋyou didn't keep grinding | olezib turmadıhe didn't keep grinding | bizezib turmadıqwe didn't keep grinding | sizezib turmadığızyou all didn't keep grinding | alaezib turmadılathey didn't keep grinding |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menezermeI will grind | senezerseyou will grind | olezerhe will grind | bizezerbizwe will grind | sizezersizyou all will grind | alaezerlethey will grind |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menezmezmeI won't grind | senezmezseyou won't grind | olezmezhe won't grind | bizezmezbizwe won't grind | sizezmezsizyou all won't grind | alaezmezlethey won't grind |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menezermemi? ezermime?will I grind? | senezermise?will you grind? | olezermi?will he grind? | bizezerbizmi? ezermibiz?will we grind? | sizezermisiz?will you all grind? | alaezerlemi? ezermile?will they grind? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menezmezmemi? ezmezmime?won't I grind? | senezmezmise?won't you grind? | olezmezmi?won't he grind? | bizezmezbizmi? ezmezmibiz?won't we grind? | sizezmezmisiz?won't you all grind? | alaezmezlemi? ezmezmile?won't they grind? |
| Definite future (future II) | menezerikmeI am going to grind | senezerikseyou are going to grind | olezerikdihe is going to grind | bizezerikbizwe are going to grind | sizezeriksizyou all are going to grind | alaezerikdilethey are going to grind |
| Definite future (future II) | menezerik tülmeI am not going to grind | senezerik tülseyou are not going to grind | olezerik tüldühe is not going to grind | bizezerik tülbüzwe are not going to grind | sizezerik tülsüzyou all are not going to grind | alaezerik tüldülethey are not going to grind |
| Definite future (future II) | menezerikmemi? ezerikmime?am I going to grind? | senezerikmise?are you going to grind? | olezerikmidi?is he going to grind? | bizezerikbizmi? ezerikmibiz?are we going to grind? | sizezerikmisiz?are you all going to grind? | alaezerikmidile?are they going to grind? |
| Definite future (future II) | menezerik tülmüme?aren't I going to grind? | senezerik tülmüse?aren't you going to grind? | olezerik tülmüdü?isn't he going to grind? | bizezerik tülmübüz?aren't we going to grind? | sizezerik tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to grind? | alaezerik tülmüdüle?aren't they going to grind? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menezgen edimezgenemI had ground | senezgen ediŋezgeneŋyou had ground | olezgen ediezgenedhe had ground | bizezgen edikezgenekwe had ground | sizezgen edigizezgenegizyou all had ground | alaezgen edileezgenellethey had ground |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menezmegen edimezmegenemI hadn't ground | senezmegen ediŋezmegeneŋyou hadn't ground | olezmegen ediezmegenedhe hadn't ground | bizezmegen edikezmegenekwe hadn't ground | sizezmegen edigizezmegenegizyou all hadn't ground | alaezmegen edileezmegenellethey hadn't ground |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | meneze edimezemI was grinding | seneze ediŋezeŋyou were grinding | oleze ediezedhe was grinding | bizeze edikezekwe were grinding | sizeze edigizezegizyou all were grinding | alaeze edileezellethey were grinding |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menezmey edimezmeyemI wasn't grinding | senezmey ediŋezmeyeŋyou weren't grinding | olezmey ediezmeyedhe wasn't grinding | bizezmey edikezmeyekwe weren't grinding | sizezmey edigizezmeyegizyou all weren't grinding | alaezmey edileezmeyellethey weren't grinding |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | meneziwçen edimeziwçenemI used to grind | seneziwçen ediŋeziwçeneŋyou used to grind | oleziwçen edieziwçenedhe used to grind | bizeziwçen edikeziwçenekwe used to grind | sizeziwçen edigizeziwçenegizyou all used to grind | alaeziwçen edileeziwçenellethey used to grind |
| Habitual past (used to) | menezmewçen edimezmewçenemI didn't use to grind | senezmewçen ediŋezmewçeneŋyou didn't use to grind | olezmewçen ediezmewçenedhe didn't use to grind | bizezmewçen edikezmewçenekwe didn't use to grind | sizezmewçen edigizezmewçenegizyou all didn't use to grind | alaezmewçen edileezmewçenellethey didn't use to grind |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olezib edihe had ground and remained so | alaezib edilethey had ground and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olezib tül edihe hadn't ground | alaezib tül edilethey hadn't ground | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menezib tura edimezib turaemI had kept grinding | senezib tura ediŋezib turaeŋyou had kept grinding | olezib tura ediezib turaedhe had kept grinding | bizezib tura edikezib turaekwe had kept grinding | sizezib tura edigizezib turaegizyou all had kept grinding | alaezib tura edileezib turaellethey had kept grinding |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menezib turmay edimezib turmayemI hadn't kept grinding | senezib turmay ediŋezib turmayeŋyou hadn't kept grinding | olezib turmay ediezib turmayedhe hadn't kept grinding | bizezib turmay edikezib turmayekwe hadn't kept grinding | sizezib turmay edigizezib turmayegizyou all hadn't kept grinding | alaezib turmay edileezib turmayellethey hadn't kept grinding |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | meneze tura edimeze turaemI was in the middle of grinding | seneze tura ediŋeze turaeŋyou were in the middle of grinding | oleze tura edieze turaedhe was in the middle of grinding | bizeze tura edikeze turaekwe were in the middle of grinding | sizeze tura edigizeze turaegizyou all were in the middle of grinding | alaeze tura edileeze turaellethey were in the middle of grinding |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | meneze turmay edimeze turmayemI wasn't in the middle of grinding | seneze turmay ediŋeze turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of grinding | oleze turmay edieze turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of grinding | bizeze turmay edikeze turmayekwe weren't in the middle of grinding | sizeze turmay edigizeze turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of grinding | alaeze turmay edileeze turmayellethey weren't in the middle of grinding |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menezer edimezer emI would grind | senezer ediŋezer eŋyou would grind | olezer ediezer edhe would grind | bizezer edikezer ekwe would grind | sizezer edigizezer egizyou all would grind | alaezer edileezer ellethey would grind |
| Conditional result (would) | menezmez edimezmez emI wouldn't grind | senezmez ediŋezmez eŋyou wouldn't grind | olezmez ediezmez edhe wouldn't grind | bizezmez edikezmez ekwe wouldn't grind | sizezmez edigizezmez egizyou all wouldn't grind | alaezmez edileezmez ellethey wouldn't grind |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menezerik edimezerik emI would have ground | senezerik ediŋezerik eŋyou would have ground | olezerik ediezerik edhe would have ground | bizezerik edikezerik ekwe would have ground | sizezerik edigizezerik egizyou all would have ground | alaezerik edileezerik ellethey would have ground |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menezerik tül edimezerik tül emI wouldn't have ground | senezerik tül ediŋezerik tül eŋyou wouldn't have ground | olezerik tül ediezerik tül edhe wouldn't have ground | bizezerik tül edikezerik tül ekwe wouldn't have ground | sizezerik tül edigizezerik tül egizyou all wouldn't have ground | alaezerik tül edileezerik tül ellethey wouldn't have ground |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menezsemif I grind | senezseŋif you grind | olezseif he grinds | bizezsekif we grind | sizezsegizif you all grind | alaezseleif they grind |
| Conditional | menezmesemif I don't grind | senezmeseŋif you don't grind | olezmeseif he doesn't grind | bizezmesekif we don't grind | sizezmesegizif you all don't grind | alaezmeseleif they don't grind |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | meneze esemif I am grinding | seneze eseŋif you are grinding | oleze eseif he is grinding | bizeze esekif we are grinding | sizeze esegizif you all are grinding | alaeze eseleif they are grinding |
| Conditional, present real | menezmey esemif I am not grinding | senezmey eseŋif you are not grinding | olezmey eseif he is not grinding | bizezmey esekif we are not grinding | sizezmey esegizif you all are not grinding | alaezmey eseleif they are not grinding |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menezsem ediezsem edif only I ground | senezseŋ ediezseŋ edif only you ground | olezse ediezsedif only he ground | bizezsek ediezsek edif only we ground | sizezsegiz ediezsegiz edif only you all ground | alaezsele ediezseledif only they ground |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menezmesem ediezmesem edif only I didn't grind | senezmeseŋ ediezmeseŋ edif only you didn't grind | olezmese ediezmesedif only he didn't grind | bizezmesek ediezmesek edif only we didn't grind | sizezmesegiz ediezmesegiz edif only you all didn't grind | alaezmesele ediezmeseledif only they didn't grind |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menezib tursamif I carry on grinding | senezib tursaŋif you carry on grinding | olezib tursaif he carries on grinding | bizezib tursaqif we carry on grinding | sizezib tursağızif you all carry on grinding | alaezib tursalaif they carry on grinding |
| Durative conditional | menezib turmasamif I don't carry on grinding | senezib turmasaŋif you don't carry on grinding | olezib turmasaif he doesn't carry on grinding | bizezib turmasaqif we don't carry on grinding | sizezib turmasağızif you all don't carry on grinding | alaezib turmasalaif they don't carry on grinding |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menezib tura esemif I have kept grinding | senezib tura eseŋif you have kept grinding | olezib tura eseif he has kept grinding | bizezib tura esekif we have kept grinding | sizezib tura esegizif you all have kept grinding | alaezib tura eseleif they have kept grinding |
| Durative conditional, present real | menezib turmay esemif I haven't kept grinding | senezib turmay eseŋif you haven't kept grinding | olezib turmay eseif he hasn't kept grinding | bizezib turmay esekif we haven't kept grinding | sizezib turmay esegizif you all haven't kept grinding | alaezib turmay eseleif they haven't kept grinding |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | meneze tursamif I keep grinding | seneze tursaŋif you keep grinding | oleze tursaif he keeps grinding | bizeze tursaqif we keep grinding | sizeze tursağızif you all keep grinding | alaeze tursalaif they keep grinding |
| Progressive conditional | menezmey tursamif I keep on not grinding | senezmey tursaŋif you keep on not grinding | olezmey tursaif he keeps on not grinding | bizezmey tursaqif we keep on not grinding | sizezmey tursağızif you all keep on not grinding | alaezmey tursalaif they keep on not grinding |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | meneze tura esemif I am in the middle of grinding | seneze tura eseŋif you are in the middle of grinding | oleze tura eseif he is in the middle of grinding | bizeze tura esekif we are in the middle of grinding | sizeze tura esegizif you all are in the middle of grinding | alaeze tura eseleif they are in the middle of grinding |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menezmey tura esemif I keep on not grinding | senezmey tura eseŋif you keep on not grinding | olezmey tura eseif he keeps on not grinding | bizezmey tura esekif we keep on not grinding | sizezmey tura esegizif you all keep on not grinding | alaezmey tura eseleif they keep on not grinding |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menezdim esemif I ground | senezdiŋ eseŋif you ground | olezdi eseif he ground | bizezdik esekif we ground | sizezdigiz esegizif you all ground | alaezdile eseleif they ground |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menezmedim esemif I didn't grind | senezmediŋ eseŋif you didn't grind | olezmedi eseif he didn't grind | bizezmedik esekif we didn't grind | sizezmedigiz esegizif you all didn't grind | alaezmedile eseleif they didn't grind |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menezgen esemif I did grind (indeed) | senezgen eseŋif you did grind (indeed) | olezgen eseif he did grind (indeed) | bizezgen esekif we did grind (indeed) | sizezgen esegizif you all did grind (indeed) | alaezgen eseleif they did grind (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menezmegen esemif I didn't grind (indeed) | senezmegen eseŋif you didn't grind (indeed) | olezmegen eseif he didn't grind (indeed) | bizezmegen esekif we didn't grind (indeed) | sizezmegen esegizif you all didn't grind (indeed) | alaezmegen eseleif they didn't grind (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menezgen bolsamif I had ground | senezgen bolsaŋif you had ground | olezgen bolsaif he had ground | bizezgen bolsaqif we had ground | sizezgen bolsağızif you all had ground | alaezgen bolsalaif they had ground |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menezmegen bolsamif I hadn't ground | senezmegen bolsaŋif you hadn't ground | olezmegen bolsaif he hadn't ground | bizezmegen bolsaqif we hadn't ground | sizezmegen bolsağızif you all hadn't ground | alaezmegen bolsalaif they hadn't ground |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menezgen bolsam ediezgen bolsam edif only I had ground | senezgen bolsaŋ ediezgen bolsaŋ edif only you had ground | olezgen bolsa ediezgen bolsaedif only he had ground | bizezgen bolsaq ediezgen bolsaq edif only we had ground | sizezgen bolsağız ediezgen bolsağız edif only you all had ground | alaezgen bolsala ediezgen bolsalaedif only they had ground |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menezmegen bolsam ediezmegen bolsam edif only I hadn't ground | senezmegen bolsaŋ ediezmegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't ground | olezmegen bolsa ediezmegen bolsaedif only he hadn't ground | bizezmegen bolsaq ediezmegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't ground | sizezmegen bolsağız ediezmegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't ground | alaezmegen bolsala ediezmegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't ground |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menezer esemif I will grind | senezer eseŋif you will grind | olezer eseif he will grind | bizezer esekif we will grind | sizezer esegizif you all will grind | alaezer eseleif they will grind |
| Conditional, aorist | menezmez esemif I won't grind | senezmez eseŋif you won't grind | olezmez eseif he won't grind | bizezmez esekif we won't grind | sizezmez esegizif you all won't grind | alaezmez eseleif they won't grind |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menezerik esemif I am going to grind | senezerik eseŋif you are going to grind | olezerik eseif he is going to grind | bizezerik esekif we are going to grind | sizezerik esegizif you all are going to grind | alaezerik eseleif they are going to grind |
| Conditional, future | menezerik tül esemif I am not going to grind | senezerik tül eseŋif you are not going to grind | olezerik tül eseif he is not going to grind | bizezerik tül esekif we are not going to grind | sizezerik tül esegizif you all are not going to grind | alaezerik tül eseleif they are not going to grind |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menezerik bolsamif I were going to grind | senezerik bolsaŋif you were going to grind | olezerik bolsaif he were going to grind | bizezerik bolsaqif we were going to grind | sizezerik bolsağızif you all were going to grind | alaezerik bolsalaif they were going to grind |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menezmezlik bolsamif I were not going to grind | senezmezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to grind | olezmezlik bolsaif he were not going to grind | bizezmezlik bolsaqif we were not going to grind | sizezmezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to grind | alaezmezlik bolsalaif they were not going to grind |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso ezdiŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | meneze bolurmaI must be grinding | seneze bolursayou must be grinding | oleze bolurhe must be grinding | bizeze bolurbuzwe must be grinding | sizeze bolursuzyou all must be grinding | alaeze bolurlathey must be grinding |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menezmey bolurmaI must not be grinding | senezmey bolursayou must not be grinding | olezmey bolurhe must not be grinding | bizezmey bolurbuzwe must not be grinding | sizezmey bolursuzyou all must not be grinding | alaezmey bolurlathey must not be grinding |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | meneze tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of grinding | seneze tura bolursayou must be in the middle of grinding | oleze tura bolurhe must be in the middle of grinding | bizeze tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of grinding | sizeze tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of grinding | alaeze tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of grinding |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menezmey tura bolurmaI must keep on not grinding | senezmey tura bolursayou must keep on not grinding | olezmey tura bolurhe must keep on not grinding | bizezmey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not grinding | sizezmey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not grinding | alaezmey tura bolurlathey must keep on not grinding |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menezgen bolurmaI must have ground | senezgen bolursayou must have ground | olezgen bolurhe must have ground | bizezgen bolurbuzwe must have ground | sizezgen bolursuzyou all must have ground | alaezgen bolurlathey must have ground |
| Inference (must have) | menezmegen bolurmaI must not have ground | senezmegen bolursayou must not have ground | olezmegen bolurhe must not have ground | bizezmegen bolurbuzwe must not have ground | sizezmegen bolursuzyou all must not have ground | alaezmegen bolurlathey must not have ground |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menezerik bolurmaI must be going to grind | senezerik bolursayou must be going to grind | olezerik bolurhe must be going to grind | bizezerik bolurbuzwe must be going to grind | sizezerik bolursuzyou all must be going to grind | alaezerik bolurlathey must be going to grind |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menezmezlik bolurmaI must not be going to grind | senezmezlik bolursayou must not be going to grind | olezmezlik bolurhe must not be going to grind | bizezmezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to grind | sizezmezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to grind | alaezmezlik bolurlathey must not be going to grind |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menezeyimlet me grind | senez!grind! | olezsinlet him grind | bizezeyiklet's grind | sizezigiz!grind, you all! | alaezsinlelet them grind |
| Commands & suggestions | menezmeyimlet me not grind | senezme!don't grind! | olezmesinlet him not grind | bizezmeyiklet's not grind | sizezmegiz!don't grind, you all! | alaezmesinlelet them not grind |
| Commands & suggestions | menezeyimmi?shall I grind? | olezsinmi?should he grind? | bizezeyikmi?shall we grind? | alaezsinlemi?should they grind? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menezmeyimmi?shall I not grind? | olezmesinmi?should he not grind? | bizezmeyikmi?shall we not grind? | alaezmesinlemi?should they not grind? | ||
| Requests | senezçi2ezçinplease grind | olezsinçido let him grind | sizezçigizplease grind (plural/polite) | alaezsinleçido let them grind | ||
| Requests | senezmeçi2ezmeçinplease don't grind | olezmesinçido let him not grind | sizezmeçigizplease don't grind (plural/polite) | alaezmesinleçido let them not grind | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senezginezgimay you grind | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senezmeginezmegimay you not grind | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menezgey edim ezge edimwould that I ground | senezgey ediŋ ezge ediŋwould that you ground | olezgey edi ezge ediwould that he ground | bizezgey edik ezge edikwould that we ground | sizezgey edigiz ezge edigizwould that you all ground | alaezgey edile ezge edilewould that they ground |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menezmegey edim ezmege edimwould that I did not grind | senezmegey ediŋ ezmege ediŋwould that you did not grind | olezmegey edi ezmege ediwould that he did not grind | bizezmegey edik ezmege edikwould that we did not grind | sizezmegey edigiz ezmege edigizwould that you all did not grind | alaezmegey edile ezmege edilewould that they did not grind |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menezmege qoyayımezme qoyayımlet me allow someone to grind | senezmege qoy!ezme qoy!let someone grind! | olezmege qoysunezme qoysunlet him allow someone to grind | bizezmege qoyayıqezme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to grind | sizezmege qoyuğuz!ezme qoyuğuz!let someone grind, you all! | alaezmege qoysunlaezme qoysunlalet them allow someone to grind |
| Let someone… (commands) | menezmege qoymayımezme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to grind | senezmege qoyma!ezme qoyma!don't let someone grind! | olezmege qoymasınezme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to grind | bizezmege qoymayıqezme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to grind | sizezmege qoymağız!ezme qoymağız!don't let someone grind, you all! | alaezmege qoymasınlaezme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to grind |
| Let someone… (commands) | menezmege qoyayımmı?ezme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to grind? | olezmege qoysunmu?ezme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to grind? | bizezmege qoyayıqmı?ezme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to grind? | alaezmege qoysunlamı?ezme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to grind? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menezmege qoymayımmı?ezme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to grind? | olezmege qoymasınmı?ezme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to grind? | bizezmege qoymayıqmı?ezme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to grind? | alaezmege qoymasınlamı?ezme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to grind? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menezmege qoyamaezme qoyamaI allow someone to grind | senezmege qoyasaezme qoyasayou allow someone to grind | olezmege qoyadıezme qoyadıhe allows someone to grind | bizezmege qoyabızezme qoyabızwe allow someone to grind | sizezmege qoyasızezme qoyasızyou all allow someone to grind | alaezmege qoyadılaezme qoyadılathey allow someone to grind |
| Let someone… (present) | menezmege qoymaymaezme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to grind | senezmege qoymaysaezme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to grind | olezmege qoymaydıezme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to grind | bizezmege qoymaybızezme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to grind | sizezmege qoymaysızezme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to grind | alaezmege qoymaydılaezme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to grind |
| Let someone… (present) | menezmege qoyamamı?ezme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to grind? | senezmege qoyamısa?ezme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to grind? | olezmege qoyamıdı?ezme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to grind? | bizezmege qoyabızmı?ezme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to grind? | sizezmege qoyamısız?ezme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to grind? | alaezmege qoyamıdıla?ezme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to grind? |
| Let someone… (present) | menezmege qoymaymamı?ezme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to grind? | senezmege qoymaymısa?ezme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to grind? | olezmege qoymaymıdı?ezme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to grind? | bizezmege qoymaybızmı?ezme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to grind? | sizezmege qoymaymısız?ezme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to grind? | alaezmege qoymaymıdıla?ezme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to grind? |
| Let someone… (past) | menezmege qoydumezme qoydumI allowed someone to grind | senezmege qoyduŋezme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to grind | olezmege qoyduezme qoyduhe allowed someone to grind | bizezmege qoyduqezme qoyduqwe allowed someone to grind | sizezmege qoyduğuzezme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to grind | alaezmege qoydulaezme qoydulathey allowed someone to grind |
| Let someone… (past) | menezmege qoymadımezme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to grind | senezmege qoymadıŋezme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to grind | olezmege qoymadıezme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to grind | bizezmege qoymadıqezme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to grind | sizezmege qoymadığızezme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to grind | alaezmege qoymadılaezme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to grind |
| Let someone… (past) | menezmege qoydummu?ezme qoydummu?did I allow someone to grind? | senezmege qoyduŋmu?ezme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to grind? | olezmege qoydumu?ezme qoydumu?did he allow someone to grind? | bizezmege qoyduqmu?ezme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to grind? | sizezmege qoyduğuzmu?ezme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to grind? | alaezmege qoydulamı?ezme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to grind? |
| Let someone… (past) | menezmege qoymadımmı?ezme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to grind? | senezmege qoymadıŋmı?ezme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to grind? | olezmege qoymadımı?ezme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to grind? | bizezmege qoymadıqmı?ezme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to grind? | sizezmege qoymadığızmı?ezme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to grind? | alaezmege qoymadılamı?ezme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to grind? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menezalamaI can grind | senezalasayou can grind | olezaladıhe can grind | bizezalabızwe can grind | sizezalasızyou all can grind | alaezaladılathey can grind |
| Ability — present | menezalmaymaI can't grind | senezalmaysayou can't grind | olezalmaydıhe can't grind | bizezalmaybızwe can't grind | sizezalmaysızyou all can't grind | alaezalmaydılathey can't grind |
| Ability — present | menezalamamı? ezalamıma?can I grind? | senezalamısa?can you grind? | olezalamıdı?can he grind? | bizezalabızmı? ezalamıbız?can we grind? | sizezalamısız?can you all grind? | alaezalamıdıla?can they grind? |
| Ability — present | menezalmaymamı? ezalmaymıma?can't I grind? | senezalmaymısa?can't you grind? | olezalmaymıdı?can't he grind? | bizezalmaybızmı? ezalmaymıbız?can't we grind? | sizezalmaymısız?can't you all grind? | alaezalmaymıdıla?can't they grind? |
| Ability — if I can… | menezalsamif I can grind | senezalsaŋif you can grind | olezalsaif he can grind | bizezalsaqif we can grind | sizezalsağızif you all can grind | alaezalsalaif they can grind |
| Ability — if I can… | menezalmasamif I can't grind | senezalmasaŋif you can't grind | olezalmasaif he can't grind | bizezalmasaqif we can't grind | sizezalmasağızif you all can't grind | alaezalmasalaif they can't grind |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menezaldımI was able to grind | senezaldıŋyou were able to grind | olezaldıhe was able to grind | bizezaldıqwe were able to grind | sizezaldığızyou all were able to grind | alaezaldılathey were able to grind |
| Ability — simple past | menezalmadımI could not grind | senezalmadıŋyou could not grind | olezalmadıhe could not grind | bizezalmadıqwe could not grind | sizezalmadığızyou all could not grind | alaezalmadılathey could not grind |
| Ability — simple past | menezaldımmı?was I able to grind? | senezaldıŋmı?were you able to grind? | olezaldımı?was he able to grind? | bizezaldıqmı?were we able to grind? | sizezaldığızmı?were you all able to grind? | alaezaldılamı?were they able to grind? |
| Ability — simple past | menezalmadımmı?couldn't I grind? | senezalmadıŋmı?couldn't you grind? | olezalmadımı?couldn't he grind? | bizezalmadıqmı?couldn't we grind? | sizezalmadığızmı?couldn't you all grind? | alaezalmadılamı?couldn't they grind? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menezalğanmaI have been able to grind | senezalğansayou have been able to grind | olezalğandıhe has been able to grind | bizezalğanbızwe have been able to grind | sizezalğansızyou all have been able to grind | alaezalğandılathey have been able to grind |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menezalmağanmaI haven't been able to grind | senezalmağansayou haven't been able to grind | olezalmağandıhe hasn't been able to grind | bizezalmağanbızwe haven't been able to grind | sizezalmağansızyou all haven't been able to grind | alaezalmağandılathey haven't been able to grind |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menezalğanmamı? ezalğanmıma?have I been able to grind? | senezalğanmısa?have you been able to grind? | olezalğanmıdı?has he been able to grind? | bizezalğanbızmı? ezalğanmıbız?have we been able to grind? | sizezalğanmısız?have you all been able to grind? | alaezalğanmıdıla?have they been able to grind? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menezalmağanmamı? ezalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to grind? | senezalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to grind? | olezalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to grind? | bizezalmağanbızmı? ezalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to grind? | sizezalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to grind? | alaezalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to grind? |
| Ability — past perfect | menezalğan edimezalğanemI had been able to grind | senezalğan ediŋezalğaneŋyou had been able to grind | olezalğan ediezalğanedhe had been able to grind | bizezalğan edikezalğanekwe had been able to grind | sizezalğan edigizezalğanegizyou all had been able to grind | alaezalğan edileezalğanellethey had been able to grind |
| Ability — past perfect | menezalmağan edimezalmağanemI hadn't been able to grind | senezalmağan ediŋezalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to grind | olezalmağan ediezalmağanedhe hadn't been able to grind | bizezalmağan edikezalmağanekwe hadn't been able to grind | sizezalmağan edigizezalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to grind | alaezalmağan edileezalmağanellethey hadn't been able to grind |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menezala edimezalaemI could grind | senezala ediŋezalaeŋyou could grind | olezala ediezalaedhe could grind | bizezala edikezalaekwe could grind | sizezala edigizezalaegizyou all could grind | alaezala edileezalaellethey could grind |
| Ability — past background | menezalmay edimezalmayemI could not grind | senezalmay ediŋezalmayeŋyou could not grind | olezalmay ediezalmayedhe could not grind | bizezalmay edikezalmayekwe could not grind | sizezalmay edigizezalmayegizyou all could not grind | alaezalmay edileezalmayellethey could not grind |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menezalırmaI will be able to grind | senezalırsayou will be able to grind | olezalırhe will be able to grind | bizezalırbızwe will be able to grind | sizezalırsızyou all will be able to grind | alaezalırlathey will be able to grind |
| Ability — future I | menezalmazmaI won't be able to grind | senezalmazsayou won't be able to grind | olezalmazhe won't be able to grind | bizezalmazbızwe won't be able to grind | sizezalmazsızyou all won't be able to grind | alaezalmazlathey won't be able to grind |
| Ability — future I | menezalırmamı? ezalırmıma?will I be able to grind? | senezalırmısa?will you be able to grind? | olezalırmı?will he be able to grind? | bizezalırbızmı? ezalırmıbız?will we be able to grind? | sizezalırmısız?will you all be able to grind? | alaezalırlamı? ezalırmıla?will they be able to grind? |
| Ability — future I | menezalmazmamı? ezalmazmıma?won't I be able to grind? | senezalmazmısa?won't you be able to grind? | olezalmazmı?won't he be able to grind? | bizezalmazbızmı? ezalmazmıbız?won't we be able to grind? | sizezalmazmısız?won't you all be able to grind? | alaezalmazlamı? ezalmazmıla?won't they be able to grind? |
| Ability — future II | menezallıqmaI am going to be able to grind | senezallıqsayou are going to be able to grind | olezallıqdıhe is going to be able to grind | bizezallıqbızwe are going to be able to grind | sizezallıqsızyou all are going to be able to grind | alaezallıqdılathey are going to be able to grind |
| Ability — future II | menezallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to grind | senezallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to grind | olezallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to grind | bizezallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to grind | sizezallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to grind | alaezallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to grind |
| Ability — future II | menezallıqmamı? ezallıqmıma?am I going to be able to grind? | senezallıqmısa?are you going to be able to grind? | olezallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to grind? | bizezallıqbızmı? ezallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to grind? | sizezallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to grind? | alaezallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to grind? |
| Ability — future II | menezallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to grind? | senezallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to grind? | olezallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to grind? | bizezallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to grind? | sizezallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to grind? | alaezallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to grind? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menezalır edimezalır emI would be able to grind | senezalır ediŋezalır eŋyou would be able to grind | olezalır ediezalır edhe would be able to grind | bizezalır edikezalır ekwe would be able to grind | sizezalır edigizezalır egizyou all would be able to grind | alaezalır edileezalır ellethey would be able to grind |
| Ability — would be able to… | menezalmaz edimezalmaz emI wouldn't be able to grind | senezalmaz ediŋezalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to grind | olezalmaz ediezalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to grind | bizezalmaz edikezalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to grind | sizezalmaz edigizezalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to grind | alaezalmaz edileezalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to grind |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senezalğınezalğımay you be able to grind | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senezalmağınezalmağımay you not be able to grind | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menezerge izleymeI want to grind | senezerge izleyseyou want to grind | olezerge izleydihe wants to grind | bizezerge izleybizwe want to grind | sizezerge izleysizyou all want to grind | alaezerge izleydilethey want to grind |
| want to | menezerge izlemeymeI do not want to grind | senezerge izlemeyseyou do not want to grind | olezerge izlemeydihe does not want to grind | bizezerge izlemeybizwe do not want to grind | sizezerge izlemeysizyou all do not want to grind | alaezerge izlemeydilethey do not want to grind |
| would like to | menezerge süemeI would like to grind | senezerge süeseyou would like to grind | olezerge süedihe would like to grind | bizezerge süebizwe would like to grind | sizezerge süesizyou all would like to grind | alaezerge süedilethey would like to grind |
| would like to | menezerge süymeymeI would not like to grind | senezerge süymeyseyou would not like to grind | olezerge süymeydihe would not like to grind | bizezerge süymeybizwe would not like to grind | sizezerge süymeysizyou all would not like to grind | alaezerge süymeydilethey would not like to grind |
| hope to | menezerge umutlanamaI hope to grind | senezerge umutlanasayou hope to grind | olezerge umutlanadıhe hopes to grind | bizezerge umutlanabızwe hope to grind | sizezerge umutlanasızyou all hope to grind | alaezerge umutlanadılathey hope to grind |
| hope to | menezerge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to grind | senezerge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to grind | olezerge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to grind | bizezerge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to grind | sizezerge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to grind | alaezerge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to grind |
| be about to | menezerge deb turamaI am about to grind | senezerge deb turasayou are about to grind | olezerge deb turadıhe is about to grind | bizezerge deb turabızwe are about to grind | sizezerge deb turasızyou all are about to grind | alaezerge deb turadılathey are about to grind |
| be about to | menezerge deb turmaymaI am not about to grind | senezerge deb turmaysayou are not about to grind | olezerge deb turmaydıhe is not about to grind | bizezerge deb turmaybızwe are not about to grind | sizezerge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to grind | alaezerge deb turmaydılathey are not about to grind |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menezerge kerekmeI need to grind | senezerge kerekseyou need to grind | olezerge kerekdihe needs to grind | bizezerge kerekbizwe need to grind | sizezerge kereksizyou all need to grind | alaezerge kerekdilethey need to grind |
| need to | menezerge kerek tülmeI do not need to grind | senezerge kerek tülseyou do not need to grind | olezerge kerek tüldühe does not need to grind | bizezerge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to grind | sizezerge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to grind | alaezerge kerek tüldülethey do not need to grind |
| have to | menmenŋe ezerge tüşediI have to grind | sensenŋe ezerge tüşediyou have to grind | olaŋa ezerge tüşedihe has to grind | bizbizge ezerge tüşediwe have to grind | sizsizge ezerge tüşediyou all have to grind | alaalağa ezerge tüşedithey have to grind |
| have to | menmenŋe ezerge tüşmeydiI do not have to grind | sensenŋe ezerge tüşmeydiyou do not have to grind | olaŋa ezerge tüşmeydihe does not have to grind | bizbizge ezerge tüşmeydiwe do not have to grind | sizsizge ezerge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to grind | alaalağa ezerge tüşmeydithey do not have to grind |
| be obliged to | menezerge borçlumaI am obliged to grind | senezerge borçlusayou are obliged to grind | olezerge borçluduhe is obliged to grind | bizezerge borçlubuzwe are obliged to grind | sizezerge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to grind | alaezerge borçludulathey are obliged to grind |
| be obliged to | menezerge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to grind | senezerge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to grind | olezerge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to grind | bizezerge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to grind | sizezerge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to grind | alaezerge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to grind |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menezerge madarım bardıI have a way to grind | senezerge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to grind | olezerge madarı bardıhe has a way to grind | bizezerge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to grind | sizezerge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to grind | alaezerge madarları bardıthey have a way to grind |
| have a way to | menezerge madarım joqduI have no way to grind | senezerge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to grind | olezerge madarı joqduhe has no way to grind | bizezerge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to grind | sizezerge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to grind | alaezerge madarları joqduthey have no way to grind |
| be free to | menezerge erkinligim bardıI am free to grind | senezerge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to grind | olezerge erkinligi bardıhe is free to grind | bizezerge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to grind | sizezerge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to grind | alaezerge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to grind |
| be free to | menezerge erkinligim joqduI am not free to grind | senezerge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to grind | olezerge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to grind | bizezerge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to grind | sizezerge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to grind | alaezerge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to grind |
| be possible to | menmenŋe ezerge bolluqduit is possible for me to grind | sensenŋe ezerge bolluqduit is possible for you to grind | olaŋa ezerge bolluqduit is possible for him to grind | bizbizge ezerge bolluqduit is possible for us to grind | sizsizge ezerge bolluqduit is possible for you all to grind | alaalağa ezerge bolluqduit is possible for them to grind |
| be possible to | menmenŋe ezerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to grind | sensenŋe ezerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to grind | olaŋa ezerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to grind | bizbizge ezerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to grind | sizsizge ezerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to grind | alaalağa ezerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to grind |
| be ready to | menezerge hazırmaI am ready to grind | senezerge hazırsayou are ready to grind | olezerge hazırdıhe is ready to grind | bizezerge hazırbızwe are ready to grind | sizezerge hazırsızyou all are ready to grind | alaezerge hazırdılathey are ready to grind |
| be ready to | menezerge hazır tülmeI am not ready to grind | senezerge hazır tülseyou are not ready to grind | olezerge hazır tüldühe is not ready to grind | bizezerge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to grind | sizezerge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to grind | alaezerge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to grind |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menezerge küreşemeI am trying to grind | senezerge küreşeseyou are trying to grind | olezerge küreşedihe is trying to grind | bizezerge küreşebizwe are trying to grind | sizezerge küreşesizyou all are trying to grind | alaezerge küreşedilethey are trying to grind |
| try to | menezerge küreşmeymeI am not trying to grind | senezerge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to grind | olezerge küreşmeydihe is not trying to grind | bizezerge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to grind | sizezerge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to grind | alaezerge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to grind |
| agree to | menezerge unaymaI agree to grind | senezerge unaysayou agree to grind | olezerge unaydıhe agrees to grind | bizezerge unaybızwe agree to grind | sizezerge unaysızyou all agree to grind | alaezerge unaydılathey agree to grind |
| agree to | menezerge unamaymaI refuse to grind | senezerge unamaysayou refuse to grind | olezerge unamaydıhe refuses to grind | bizezerge unamaybızwe refuse to grind | sizezerge unamaysızyou all refuse to grind | alaezerge unamaydılathey refuse to grind |
| hurry to | menezerge aşığamaI am in a hurry to grind | senezerge aşığasayou are in a hurry to grind | olezerge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to grind | bizezerge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to grind | sizezerge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to grind | alaezerge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to grind |
| hurry to | menezerge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to grind | senezerge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to grind | olezerge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to grind | bizezerge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to grind | sizezerge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to grind | alaezerge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to grind |
| be afraid to | menezerge qorqamaI am afraid to grind | senezerge qorqasayou are afraid to grind | olezerge qorqadıhe is afraid to grind | bizezerge qorqabızwe are afraid to grind | sizezerge qorqasızyou all are afraid to grind | alaezerge qorqadılathey are afraid to grind |
| be afraid to | menezerge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to grind | senezerge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to grind | olezerge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to grind | bizezerge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to grind | sizezerge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to grind | alaezerge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to grind |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | meneze bolmazmaI can't be grinding | seneze bolmazsayou can't be grinding | oleze bolmazhe can't be grinding | bizeze bolmazbızwe can't be grinding | sizeze bolmazsızyou all can't be grinding | alaeze bolmazlathey can't be grinding |
| Inference, present — double negation | menezmey bolmazmaI must be grinding (emphatic) | senezmey bolmazsayou must be grinding (emphatic) | olezmey bolmazhe must be grinding (emphatic) | bizezmey bolmazbızwe must be grinding (emphatic) | sizezmey bolmazsızyou all must be grinding (emphatic) | alaezmey bolmazlathey must be grinding (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | meneze turmasamif I don't keep grinding | seneze turmasaŋif you don't keep grinding | oleze turmasaif he doesn't keep grinding | bizeze turmasaqif we don't keep grinding | sizeze turmasağızif you all don't keep grinding | alaeze turmasalaif they don't keep grinding |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | meneze tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of grinding | seneze tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of grinding | oleze tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of grinding | bizeze tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of grinding | sizeze tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of grinding | alaeze tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of grinding |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menezmey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not grinding (emphatic) | senezmey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not grinding (emphatic) | olezmey tura bolmazhe must keep on not grinding (emphatic) | bizezmey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not grinding (emphatic) | sizezmey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not grinding (emphatic) | alaezmey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not grinding (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menezmey turamaI keep on not grinding | senezmey turasayou keep on not grinding | olezmey turadıhe keeps on not grinding | bizezmey turabızwe keep on not grinding | sizezmey turasızyou all keep on not grinding | alaezmey turadılathey keep on not grinding |
| Progressive — double negation | menezmey turmaymaI am not keeping on not grinding | senezmey turmaysayou are not keeping on not grinding | olezmey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not grinding | bizezmey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not grinding | sizezmey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not grinding | alaezmey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not grinding |
| Progressive — double negation | menezmey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not grinding? | senezmey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not grinding? | olezmey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not grinding? | bizezmey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not grinding? | sizezmey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not grinding? | alaezmey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not grinding? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menezgen bolmazmaI can't have ground | senezgen bolmazsayou can't have ground | olezgen bolmazhe can't have ground | bizezgen bolmazbızwe can't have ground | sizezgen bolmazsızyou all can't have ground | alaezgen bolmazlathey can't have ground |
| Inference — double negation | menezmegen bolmazmaI must have ground (emphatic) | senezmegen bolmazsayou must have ground (emphatic) | olezmegen bolmazhe must have ground (emphatic) | bizezmegen bolmazbızwe must have ground (emphatic) | sizezmegen bolmazsızyou all must have ground (emphatic) | alaezmegen bolmazlathey must have ground (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menezgen bolmasamif it weren't that I had ground | senezgen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had ground | olezgen bolmasaif it weren't that he had ground | bizezgen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had ground | sizezgen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had ground | alaezgen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had ground |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menezmegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't ground | senezmegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't ground | olezmegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't ground | bizezmegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't ground | sizezmegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't ground | alaezmegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't ground |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menezerik bolmazmaI can't be going to grind | senezerik bolmazsayou can't be going to grind | olezerik bolmazhe can't be going to grind | bizezerik bolmazbızwe can't be going to grind | sizezerik bolmazsızyou all can't be going to grind | alaezerik bolmazlathey can't be going to grind |
| Inference, future — double negation | menezmezlik bolmazmaI must be going to grind (emphatic) | senezmezlik bolmazsayou must be going to grind (emphatic) | olezmezlik bolmazhe must be going to grind (emphatic) | bizezmezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to grind (emphatic) | sizezmezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to grind (emphatic) | alaezmezlik bolmazlathey must be going to grind (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menezerik bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to grind | senezerik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to grind | olezerik bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to grind | bizezerik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to grind | sizezerik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to grind | alaezerik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to grind |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menezmezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to grind | senezmezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to grind | olezmezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to grind | bizezmezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to grind | sizezmezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to grind | alaezmezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to grind |