biterge
/biterɡe/
1. grow, sprout, come up (of plants)
- buday da, gardoş da bitedi — both wheat and potatoes grow
- bizni jerleribizde harbız, hawun bitmeydi — in our parts watermelons and melons do not grow
- athan urluğubuz ariw bitgendi — the seed we sowed has come up nicely
- baçhabızda bitgendi — it has grown in our vegetable garden
- bitmey qalğan — one that has not sprouted
2. bear well, give a good yield
- bıyıl gardoş bitmey qaldı — this year the potatoes failed
- baçhala igi bitgendile — the vegetable gardens have given a good yield
- buday igi bitdi — the wheat bore well
- bitmey qalıw — crop failure
3. come up, break out (of a boil or swelling)
- anı butuna bitgendi — a boil has come up on his leg
- suwuqdan betime bitgenle bitgendile — from a cold, boils have broken out on my face
- qoluma bitgendi — a boil has come up on my hand
4. flower, bloom
- terekle bitedile — the trees are in bloom
- jazda bitgen terek — a tree that blooms in spring
5. grow onto, stick to, adhere
- jara kiyimge bitgendi — the wound has stuck to the clothing
- topuraq qolğa bitedi — the earth sticks to the hand
- qabuğu terekge bitgendi — its bark has grown onto the tree
6. end, come to an end, finish, be finished
- işibiz alqın bitmegendi — our work is not finished yet
- iş bitib boşağandı — the work is finished
- kiyimle ertde bitgendile — the clothes were finished long ago
- kiyimiŋ tigilib bitgendi — your clothes are finished being sewn
- bitmey qalğan üy — an unfinished house
7. be worn out, be exhausted
- endi arığanma, bitgenme — now I am tired, I am worn out
- seni izley bitib boşadım — I have worn myself out looking for you
8. die, pass away; perish (of animals)
- qart bitib qaldı — the old man passed away
- tawuqla suwuqdan bitib qaldıla — the hens perished from the cold
- malla açdan bitdile — the animals perished from hunger
9. gaze fixedly at, stare at
- menŋe bitib nege turasa? — why are you staring at me?
- közüne biterge — to stare into his eyes
- suratha bitib qalırğa — to gaze fixedly at the picture
- közü suratha bitdi da qaldı — his eyes stayed fixed on the picture
- qıznı ariwluğuna biterge — to gaze admiringly at the girl's beauty
10. stop up, plug, seal, board up (a hole, bottle, window)
- teşikni biterge — to stop up the hole
- şışanı başın biterge — to stop up the mouth of the bottle
- arbaznı biterge — to fence off the yard
- terezeni biterge — to board up the window
11. block, bar, obstruct (a road or passage)
- partizanla taw jolnu bitedile — the partisans block the mountain road
- eşikni şindikle bla biterge — to block the door with chairs
12. heal (of a wound); heal (a wound) — Usually intransitive, the wound healing. TSKBYa and Guzeev also give a figurative transitive use with the wound as object, as in life healing people's wounds.
- jarası bitgendi — his wound has healed
Expressions
- üsüne biterge — dote on someone
- betine biterge — stare fixedly
- işi biterge — be done for
- jerge biterge — freeze in place
Conjugation
Common forms
- bitedihe is growing
- bitdihe grew
- bitgendihe has grown
- biterhe will grow
- biterikdihe is going to grow
- bite edihe was growing
- bitseif he grows
- bit!grow!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbitemeI am growing | senbiteseyou are growing | olbitedihe is growing | bizbitebizwe are growing | sizbitesizyou all are growing | alabitedilethey are growing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbitmeymeI am not growing | senbitmeyseyou are not growing | olbitmeydihe is not growing | bizbitmeybizwe are not growing | sizbitmeysizyou all are not growing | alabitmeydilethey are not growing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbitememi? bitemime?am I growing? | senbitemise?are you growing? | olbitemidi?is he growing? | bizbitebizmi? bitemibiz?are we growing? | sizbitemisiz?are you all growing? | alabitemidile?are they growing? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbitmeymemi? bitmeymime?aren't I growing? | senbitmeymise?aren't you growing? | olbitmeymidi?isn't he growing? | bizbitmeybizmi? bitmeymibiz?aren't we growing? | sizbitmeymisiz?aren't you all growing? | alabitmeymidile?aren't they growing? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbitiwçenmeI usually grow | senbitiwçenseyou usually grow | olbitiwçendihe usually grows | bizbitiwçenbizwe usually grow | sizbitiwçensizyou all usually grow | alabitiwçendilethey usually grow |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbitmewçenmeI usually don't grow | senbitmewçenseyou usually don't grow | olbitmewçendihe usually doesn't grow | bizbitmewçenbizwe usually don't grow | sizbitmewçensizyou all usually don't grow | alabitmewçendilethey usually don't grow |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbitiwçenmemi? bitiwçenmime?do I usually grow? | senbitiwçenmise?do you usually grow? | olbitiwçenmidi?does he usually grow? | bizbitiwçenbizmi? bitiwçenmibiz?do we usually grow? | sizbitiwçenmisiz?do you all usually grow? | alabitiwçenmidile?do they usually grow? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbitmewçenmemi? bitmewçenmime?do I usually not grow? | senbitmewçenmise?do you usually not grow? | olbitmewçenmidi?does he usually not grow? | bizbitmewçenbizmi? bitmewçenmibiz?do we usually not grow? | sizbitmewçenmisiz?do you all usually not grow? | alabitmewçenmidile?do they usually not grow? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olbitibdihe has grown and remains so | alabitibdilethey have grown and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olbitibmidi?has he grown? | alabitibmidile?have they grown? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbitib turamaI keep growing | senbitib turasayou keep growing | olbitib turadıhe keeps growing | bizbitib turabızwe keep growing | sizbitib turasızyou all keep growing | alabitib turadılathey keep growing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbitib turmaymaI don't keep growing | senbitib turmaysayou don't keep growing | olbitib turmaydıhe doesn't keep growing | bizbitib turmaybızwe don't keep growing | sizbitib turmaysızyou all don't keep growing | alabitib turmaydılathey don't keep growing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbitib turamamı? bitib turamıma?do I keep growing? | senbitib turamısa?do you keep growing? | olbitib turamıdı?does he keep growing? | bizbitib turabızmı? bitib turamıbız?do we keep growing? | sizbitib turamısız?do you all keep growing? | alabitib turamıdıla?do they keep growing? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbitib turmaymamı? bitib turmaymıma?don't I keep growing? | senbitib turmaymısa?don't you keep growing? | olbitib turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep growing? | bizbitib turmaybızmı? bitib turmaymıbız?don't we keep growing? | sizbitib turmaymısız?don't you all keep growing? | alabitib turmaymıdıla?don't they keep growing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbite turamaI am in the middle of growing | senbite turasayou are in the middle of growing | olbite turadıhe is in the middle of growing | bizbite turabızwe are in the middle of growing | sizbite turasızyou all are in the middle of growing | alabite turadılathey are in the middle of growing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbite turmaymaI am not in the middle of growing | senbite turmaysayou are not in the middle of growing | olbite turmaydıhe is not in the middle of growing | bizbite turmaybızwe are not in the middle of growing | sizbite turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of growing | alabite turmaydılathey are not in the middle of growing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbite turamamı? bite turamıma?am I in the middle of growing? | senbite turamısa?are you in the middle of growing? | olbite turamıdı?is he in the middle of growing? | bizbite turabızmı? bite turamıbız?are we in the middle of growing? | sizbite turamısız?are you all in the middle of growing? | alabite turamıdıla?are they in the middle of growing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbite turmaymamı? bite turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of growing? | senbite turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of growing? | olbite turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of growing? | bizbite turmaybızmı? bite turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of growing? | sizbite turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of growing? | alabite turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of growing? |
| Simple past (definite) | menbitdimI grew | senbitdiŋyou grew | olbitdihe grew | bizbitdikwe grew | sizbitdigizyou all grew | alabitdilethey grew |
| Simple past (definite) | menbitmedimI didn't grow | senbitmediŋyou didn't grow | olbitmedihe didn't grow | bizbitmedikwe didn't grow | sizbitmedigizyou all didn't grow | alabitmedilethey didn't grow |
| Simple past (definite) | menbitdimmi?did I grow? | senbitdiŋmi?did you grow? | olbitdimi?did he grow? | bizbitdikmi?did we grow? | sizbitdigizmi?did you all grow? | alabitdilemi?did they grow? |
| Simple past (definite) | menbitmedimmi?didn't I grow? | senbitmediŋmi?didn't you grow? | olbitmedimi?didn't he grow? | bizbitmedikmi?didn't we grow? | sizbitmedigizmi?didn't you all grow? | alabitmedilemi?didn't they grow? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbitgenmeI have grown | senbitgenseyou have grown | olbitgendihe has grown | bizbitgenbizwe have grown | sizbitgensizyou all have grown | alabitgendilethey have grown |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbitmegenmeI haven't grown | senbitmegenseyou haven't grown | olbitmegendihe hasn't grown | bizbitmegenbizwe haven't grown | sizbitmegensizyou all haven't grown | alabitmegendilethey haven't grown |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbitgenmemi? bitgenmime?have I grown? | senbitgenmise?have you grown? | olbitgenmidi?has he grown? | bizbitgenbizmi? bitgenmibiz?have we grown? | sizbitgenmisiz?have you all grown? | alabitgenmidile?have they grown? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbitmegenmemi? bitmegenmime?haven't I grown? | senbitmegenmise?haven't you grown? | olbitmegenmidi?hasn't he grown? | bizbitmegenbizmi? bitmegenmibiz?haven't we grown? | sizbitmegenmisiz?haven't you all grown? | alabitmegenmidile?haven't they grown? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menbitib turdumI kept growing | senbitib turduŋyou kept growing | olbitib turduhe kept growing | bizbitib turduqwe kept growing | sizbitib turduğuzyou all kept growing | alabitib turdulathey kept growing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menbitib turmadımI didn't keep growing | senbitib turmadıŋyou didn't keep growing | olbitib turmadıhe didn't keep growing | bizbitib turmadıqwe didn't keep growing | sizbitib turmadığızyou all didn't keep growing | alabitib turmadılathey didn't keep growing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbitermeI will grow | senbiterseyou will grow | olbiterhe will grow | bizbiterbizwe will grow | sizbitersizyou all will grow | alabiterlethey will grow |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbitmezmeI won't grow | senbitmezseyou won't grow | olbitmezhe won't grow | bizbitmezbizwe won't grow | sizbitmezsizyou all won't grow | alabitmezlethey won't grow |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbitermemi? bitermime?will I grow? | senbitermise?will you grow? | olbitermi?will he grow? | bizbiterbizmi? bitermibiz?will we grow? | sizbitermisiz?will you all grow? | alabiterlemi? bitermile?will they grow? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbitmezmemi? bitmezmime?won't I grow? | senbitmezmise?won't you grow? | olbitmezmi?won't he grow? | bizbitmezbizmi? bitmezmibiz?won't we grow? | sizbitmezmisiz?won't you all grow? | alabitmezlemi? bitmezmile?won't they grow? |
| Definite future (future II) | menbiterikmeI am going to grow | senbiterikseyou are going to grow | olbiterikdihe is going to grow | bizbiterikbizwe are going to grow | sizbiteriksizyou all are going to grow | alabiterikdilethey are going to grow |
| Definite future (future II) | menbiterik tülmeI am not going to grow | senbiterik tülseyou are not going to grow | olbiterik tüldühe is not going to grow | bizbiterik tülbüzwe are not going to grow | sizbiterik tülsüzyou all are not going to grow | alabiterik tüldülethey are not going to grow |
| Definite future (future II) | menbiterikmemi? biterikmime?am I going to grow? | senbiterikmise?are you going to grow? | olbiterikmidi?is he going to grow? | bizbiterikbizmi? biterikmibiz?are we going to grow? | sizbiterikmisiz?are you all going to grow? | alabiterikmidile?are they going to grow? |
| Definite future (future II) | menbiterik tülmüme?aren't I going to grow? | senbiterik tülmüse?aren't you going to grow? | olbiterik tülmüdü?isn't he going to grow? | bizbiterik tülmübüz?aren't we going to grow? | sizbiterik tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to grow? | alabiterik tülmüdüle?aren't they going to grow? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menbitgen edimbitgenemI had grown | senbitgen ediŋbitgeneŋyou had grown | olbitgen edibitgenedhe had grown | bizbitgen edikbitgenekwe had grown | sizbitgen edigizbitgenegizyou all had grown | alabitgen edilebitgenellethey had grown |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menbitmegen edimbitmegenemI hadn't grown | senbitmegen ediŋbitmegeneŋyou hadn't grown | olbitmegen edibitmegenedhe hadn't grown | bizbitmegen edikbitmegenekwe hadn't grown | sizbitmegen edigizbitmegenegizyou all hadn't grown | alabitmegen edilebitmegenellethey hadn't grown |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menbite edimbitemI was growing | senbite ediŋbiteŋyou were growing | olbite edibitedhe was growing | bizbite edikbitekwe were growing | sizbite edigizbitegizyou all were growing | alabite edilebitellethey were growing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menbitmey edimbitmeyemI wasn't growing | senbitmey ediŋbitmeyeŋyou weren't growing | olbitmey edibitmeyedhe wasn't growing | bizbitmey edikbitmeyekwe weren't growing | sizbitmey edigizbitmeyegizyou all weren't growing | alabitmey edilebitmeyellethey weren't growing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menbitiwçen edimbitiwçenemI used to grow | senbitiwçen ediŋbitiwçeneŋyou used to grow | olbitiwçen edibitiwçenedhe used to grow | bizbitiwçen edikbitiwçenekwe used to grow | sizbitiwçen edigizbitiwçenegizyou all used to grow | alabitiwçen edilebitiwçenellethey used to grow |
| Habitual past (used to) | menbitmewçen edimbitmewçenemI didn't use to grow | senbitmewçen ediŋbitmewçeneŋyou didn't use to grow | olbitmewçen edibitmewçenedhe didn't use to grow | bizbitmewçen edikbitmewçenekwe didn't use to grow | sizbitmewçen edigizbitmewçenegizyou all didn't use to grow | alabitmewçen edilebitmewçenellethey didn't use to grow |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olbitib edihe had grown and remained so | alabitib edilethey had grown and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olbitib tül edihe hadn't grown | alabitib tül edilethey hadn't grown | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menbitib tura edimbitib turaemI had kept growing | senbitib tura ediŋbitib turaeŋyou had kept growing | olbitib tura edibitib turaedhe had kept growing | bizbitib tura edikbitib turaekwe had kept growing | sizbitib tura edigizbitib turaegizyou all had kept growing | alabitib tura edilebitib turaellethey had kept growing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menbitib turmay edimbitib turmayemI hadn't kept growing | senbitib turmay ediŋbitib turmayeŋyou hadn't kept growing | olbitib turmay edibitib turmayedhe hadn't kept growing | bizbitib turmay edikbitib turmayekwe hadn't kept growing | sizbitib turmay edigizbitib turmayegizyou all hadn't kept growing | alabitib turmay edilebitib turmayellethey hadn't kept growing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menbite tura edimbite turaemI was in the middle of growing | senbite tura ediŋbite turaeŋyou were in the middle of growing | olbite tura edibite turaedhe was in the middle of growing | bizbite tura edikbite turaekwe were in the middle of growing | sizbite tura edigizbite turaegizyou all were in the middle of growing | alabite tura edilebite turaellethey were in the middle of growing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menbite turmay edimbite turmayemI wasn't in the middle of growing | senbite turmay ediŋbite turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of growing | olbite turmay edibite turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of growing | bizbite turmay edikbite turmayekwe weren't in the middle of growing | sizbite turmay edigizbite turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of growing | alabite turmay edilebite turmayellethey weren't in the middle of growing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menbiter edimbiter emI would grow | senbiter ediŋbiter eŋyou would grow | olbiter edibiter edhe would grow | bizbiter edikbiter ekwe would grow | sizbiter edigizbiter egizyou all would grow | alabiter edilebiter ellethey would grow |
| Conditional result (would) | menbitmez edimbitmez emI wouldn't grow | senbitmez ediŋbitmez eŋyou wouldn't grow | olbitmez edibitmez edhe wouldn't grow | bizbitmez edikbitmez ekwe wouldn't grow | sizbitmez edigizbitmez egizyou all wouldn't grow | alabitmez edilebitmez ellethey wouldn't grow |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menbiterik edimbiterik emI would have grown | senbiterik ediŋbiterik eŋyou would have grown | olbiterik edibiterik edhe would have grown | bizbiterik edikbiterik ekwe would have grown | sizbiterik edigizbiterik egizyou all would have grown | alabiterik edilebiterik ellethey would have grown |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menbiterik tül edimbiterik tül emI wouldn't have grown | senbiterik tül ediŋbiterik tül eŋyou wouldn't have grown | olbiterik tül edibiterik tül edhe wouldn't have grown | bizbiterik tül edikbiterik tül ekwe wouldn't have grown | sizbiterik tül edigizbiterik tül egizyou all wouldn't have grown | alabiterik tül edilebiterik tül ellethey wouldn't have grown |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menbitsemif I grow | senbitseŋif you grow | olbitseif he grows | bizbitsekif we grow | sizbitsegizif you all grow | alabitseleif they grow |
| Conditional | menbitmesemif I don't grow | senbitmeseŋif you don't grow | olbitmeseif he doesn't grow | bizbitmesekif we don't grow | sizbitmesegizif you all don't grow | alabitmeseleif they don't grow |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menbite esemif I am growing | senbite eseŋif you are growing | olbite eseif he is growing | bizbite esekif we are growing | sizbite esegizif you all are growing | alabite eseleif they are growing |
| Conditional, present real | menbitmey esemif I am not growing | senbitmey eseŋif you are not growing | olbitmey eseif he is not growing | bizbitmey esekif we are not growing | sizbitmey esegizif you all are not growing | alabitmey eseleif they are not growing |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menbitsem edibitsem edif only I grew | senbitseŋ edibitseŋ edif only you grew | olbitse edibitsedif only he grew | bizbitsek edibitsek edif only we grew | sizbitsegiz edibitsegiz edif only you all grew | alabitsele edibitseledif only they grew |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menbitmesem edibitmesem edif only I didn't grow | senbitmeseŋ edibitmeseŋ edif only you didn't grow | olbitmese edibitmesedif only he didn't grow | bizbitmesek edibitmesek edif only we didn't grow | sizbitmesegiz edibitmesegiz edif only you all didn't grow | alabitmesele edibitmeseledif only they didn't grow |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menbitib tursamif I carry on growing | senbitib tursaŋif you carry on growing | olbitib tursaif he carries on growing | bizbitib tursaqif we carry on growing | sizbitib tursağızif you all carry on growing | alabitib tursalaif they carry on growing |
| Durative conditional | menbitib turmasamif I don't carry on growing | senbitib turmasaŋif you don't carry on growing | olbitib turmasaif he doesn't carry on growing | bizbitib turmasaqif we don't carry on growing | sizbitib turmasağızif you all don't carry on growing | alabitib turmasalaif they don't carry on growing |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menbitib tura esemif I have kept growing | senbitib tura eseŋif you have kept growing | olbitib tura eseif he has kept growing | bizbitib tura esekif we have kept growing | sizbitib tura esegizif you all have kept growing | alabitib tura eseleif they have kept growing |
| Durative conditional, present real | menbitib turmay esemif I haven't kept growing | senbitib turmay eseŋif you haven't kept growing | olbitib turmay eseif he hasn't kept growing | bizbitib turmay esekif we haven't kept growing | sizbitib turmay esegizif you all haven't kept growing | alabitib turmay eseleif they haven't kept growing |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menbite tursamif I keep growing | senbite tursaŋif you keep growing | olbite tursaif he keeps growing | bizbite tursaqif we keep growing | sizbite tursağızif you all keep growing | alabite tursalaif they keep growing |
| Progressive conditional | menbitmey tursamif I keep on not growing | senbitmey tursaŋif you keep on not growing | olbitmey tursaif he keeps on not growing | bizbitmey tursaqif we keep on not growing | sizbitmey tursağızif you all keep on not growing | alabitmey tursalaif they keep on not growing |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menbite tura esemif I am in the middle of growing | senbite tura eseŋif you are in the middle of growing | olbite tura eseif he is in the middle of growing | bizbite tura esekif we are in the middle of growing | sizbite tura esegizif you all are in the middle of growing | alabite tura eseleif they are in the middle of growing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menbitmey tura esemif I keep on not growing | senbitmey tura eseŋif you keep on not growing | olbitmey tura eseif he keeps on not growing | bizbitmey tura esekif we keep on not growing | sizbitmey tura esegizif you all keep on not growing | alabitmey tura eseleif they keep on not growing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menbitdim esemif I grew | senbitdiŋ eseŋif you grew | olbitdi eseif he grew | bizbitdik esekif we grew | sizbitdigiz esegizif you all grew | alabitdile eseleif they grew |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menbitmedim esemif I didn't grow | senbitmediŋ eseŋif you didn't grow | olbitmedi eseif he didn't grow | bizbitmedik esekif we didn't grow | sizbitmedigiz esegizif you all didn't grow | alabitmedile eseleif they didn't grow |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menbitgen esemif I did grow (indeed) | senbitgen eseŋif you did grow (indeed) | olbitgen eseif he did grow (indeed) | bizbitgen esekif we did grow (indeed) | sizbitgen esegizif you all did grow (indeed) | alabitgen eseleif they did grow (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menbitmegen esemif I didn't grow (indeed) | senbitmegen eseŋif you didn't grow (indeed) | olbitmegen eseif he didn't grow (indeed) | bizbitmegen esekif we didn't grow (indeed) | sizbitmegen esegizif you all didn't grow (indeed) | alabitmegen eseleif they didn't grow (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menbitgen bolsamif I had grown | senbitgen bolsaŋif you had grown | olbitgen bolsaif he had grown | bizbitgen bolsaqif we had grown | sizbitgen bolsağızif you all had grown | alabitgen bolsalaif they had grown |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menbitmegen bolsamif I hadn't grown | senbitmegen bolsaŋif you hadn't grown | olbitmegen bolsaif he hadn't grown | bizbitmegen bolsaqif we hadn't grown | sizbitmegen bolsağızif you all hadn't grown | alabitmegen bolsalaif they hadn't grown |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menbitgen bolsam edibitgen bolsam edif only I had grown | senbitgen bolsaŋ edibitgen bolsaŋ edif only you had grown | olbitgen bolsa edibitgen bolsaedif only he had grown | bizbitgen bolsaq edibitgen bolsaq edif only we had grown | sizbitgen bolsağız edibitgen bolsağız edif only you all had grown | alabitgen bolsala edibitgen bolsalaedif only they had grown |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menbitmegen bolsam edibitmegen bolsam edif only I hadn't grown | senbitmegen bolsaŋ edibitmegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't grown | olbitmegen bolsa edibitmegen bolsaedif only he hadn't grown | bizbitmegen bolsaq edibitmegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't grown | sizbitmegen bolsağız edibitmegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't grown | alabitmegen bolsala edibitmegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't grown |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menbiter esemif I will grow | senbiter eseŋif you will grow | olbiter eseif he will grow | bizbiter esekif we will grow | sizbiter esegizif you all will grow | alabiter eseleif they will grow |
| Conditional, aorist | menbitmez esemif I won't grow | senbitmez eseŋif you won't grow | olbitmez eseif he won't grow | bizbitmez esekif we won't grow | sizbitmez esegizif you all won't grow | alabitmez eseleif they won't grow |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menbiterik esemif I am going to grow | senbiterik eseŋif you are going to grow | olbiterik eseif he is going to grow | bizbiterik esekif we are going to grow | sizbiterik esegizif you all are going to grow | alabiterik eseleif they are going to grow |
| Conditional, future | menbiterik tül esemif I am not going to grow | senbiterik tül eseŋif you are not going to grow | olbiterik tül eseif he is not going to grow | bizbiterik tül esekif we are not going to grow | sizbiterik tül esegizif you all are not going to grow | alabiterik tül eseleif they are not going to grow |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menbiterik bolsamif I were going to grow | senbiterik bolsaŋif you were going to grow | olbiterik bolsaif he were going to grow | bizbiterik bolsaqif we were going to grow | sizbiterik bolsağızif you all were going to grow | alabiterik bolsalaif they were going to grow |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menbitmezlik bolsamif I were not going to grow | senbitmezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to grow | olbitmezlik bolsaif he were not going to grow | bizbitmezlik bolsaqif we were not going to grow | sizbitmezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to grow | alabitmezlik bolsalaif they were not going to grow |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso bitdiŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menbite bolurmaI must be growing | senbite bolursayou must be growing | olbite bolurhe must be growing | bizbite bolurbuzwe must be growing | sizbite bolursuzyou all must be growing | alabite bolurlathey must be growing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menbitmey bolurmaI must not be growing | senbitmey bolursayou must not be growing | olbitmey bolurhe must not be growing | bizbitmey bolurbuzwe must not be growing | sizbitmey bolursuzyou all must not be growing | alabitmey bolurlathey must not be growing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menbite tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of growing | senbite tura bolursayou must be in the middle of growing | olbite tura bolurhe must be in the middle of growing | bizbite tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of growing | sizbite tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of growing | alabite tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of growing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menbitmey tura bolurmaI must keep on not growing | senbitmey tura bolursayou must keep on not growing | olbitmey tura bolurhe must keep on not growing | bizbitmey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not growing | sizbitmey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not growing | alabitmey tura bolurlathey must keep on not growing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menbitgen bolurmaI must have grown | senbitgen bolursayou must have grown | olbitgen bolurhe must have grown | bizbitgen bolurbuzwe must have grown | sizbitgen bolursuzyou all must have grown | alabitgen bolurlathey must have grown |
| Inference (must have) | menbitmegen bolurmaI must not have grown | senbitmegen bolursayou must not have grown | olbitmegen bolurhe must not have grown | bizbitmegen bolurbuzwe must not have grown | sizbitmegen bolursuzyou all must not have grown | alabitmegen bolurlathey must not have grown |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menbiterik bolurmaI must be going to grow | senbiterik bolursayou must be going to grow | olbiterik bolurhe must be going to grow | bizbiterik bolurbuzwe must be going to grow | sizbiterik bolursuzyou all must be going to grow | alabiterik bolurlathey must be going to grow |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menbitmezlik bolurmaI must not be going to grow | senbitmezlik bolursayou must not be going to grow | olbitmezlik bolurhe must not be going to grow | bizbitmezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to grow | sizbitmezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to grow | alabitmezlik bolurlathey must not be going to grow |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menbiteyimlet me grow | senbit!grow! | olbitsinlet him grow | bizbiteyiklet's grow | sizbitigiz!grow, you all! | alabitsinlelet them grow |
| Commands & suggestions | menbitmeyimlet me not grow | senbitme!don't grow! | olbitmesinlet him not grow | bizbitmeyiklet's not grow | sizbitmegiz!don't grow, you all! | alabitmesinlelet them not grow |
| Commands & suggestions | menbiteyimmi?shall I grow? | olbitsinmi?should he grow? | bizbiteyikmi?shall we grow? | alabitsinlemi?should they grow? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menbitmeyimmi?shall I not grow? | olbitmesinmi?should he not grow? | bizbitmeyikmi?shall we not grow? | alabitmesinlemi?should they not grow? | ||
| Requests | senbitçi2bitçinplease grow | olbitsinçido let him grow | sizbitçigizplease grow (plural/polite) | alabitsinleçido let them grow | ||
| Requests | senbitmeçi2bitmeçinplease don't grow | olbitmesinçido let him not grow | sizbitmeçigizplease don't grow (plural/polite) | alabitmesinleçido let them not grow | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senbitginbitgimay you grow | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senbitmeginbitmegimay you not grow | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menbitgey edim bitge edimwould that I grew | senbitgey ediŋ bitge ediŋwould that you grew | olbitgey edi bitge ediwould that he grew | bizbitgey edik bitge edikwould that we grew | sizbitgey edigiz bitge edigizwould that you all grew | alabitgey edile bitge edilewould that they grew |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menbitmegey edim bitmege edimwould that I did not grow | senbitmegey ediŋ bitmege ediŋwould that you did not grow | olbitmegey edi bitmege ediwould that he did not grow | bizbitmegey edik bitmege edikwould that we did not grow | sizbitmegey edigiz bitmege edigizwould that you all did not grow | alabitmegey edile bitmege edilewould that they did not grow |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menbitmege qoyayımbitme qoyayımlet me allow someone to grow | senbitmege qoy!bitme qoy!let someone grow! | olbitmege qoysunbitme qoysunlet him allow someone to grow | bizbitmege qoyayıqbitme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to grow | sizbitmege qoyuğuz!bitme qoyuğuz!let someone grow, you all! | alabitmege qoysunlabitme qoysunlalet them allow someone to grow |
| Let someone… (commands) | menbitmege qoymayımbitme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to grow | senbitmege qoyma!bitme qoyma!don't let someone grow! | olbitmege qoymasınbitme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to grow | bizbitmege qoymayıqbitme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to grow | sizbitmege qoymağız!bitme qoymağız!don't let someone grow, you all! | alabitmege qoymasınlabitme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to grow |
| Let someone… (commands) | menbitmege qoyayımmı?bitme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to grow? | olbitmege qoysunmu?bitme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to grow? | bizbitmege qoyayıqmı?bitme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to grow? | alabitmege qoysunlamı?bitme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to grow? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menbitmege qoymayımmı?bitme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to grow? | olbitmege qoymasınmı?bitme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to grow? | bizbitmege qoymayıqmı?bitme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to grow? | alabitmege qoymasınlamı?bitme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to grow? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menbitmege qoyamabitme qoyamaI allow someone to grow | senbitmege qoyasabitme qoyasayou allow someone to grow | olbitmege qoyadıbitme qoyadıhe allows someone to grow | bizbitmege qoyabızbitme qoyabızwe allow someone to grow | sizbitmege qoyasızbitme qoyasızyou all allow someone to grow | alabitmege qoyadılabitme qoyadılathey allow someone to grow |
| Let someone… (present) | menbitmege qoymaymabitme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to grow | senbitmege qoymaysabitme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to grow | olbitmege qoymaydıbitme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to grow | bizbitmege qoymaybızbitme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to grow | sizbitmege qoymaysızbitme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to grow | alabitmege qoymaydılabitme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to grow |
| Let someone… (present) | menbitmege qoyamamı?bitme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to grow? | senbitmege qoyamısa?bitme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to grow? | olbitmege qoyamıdı?bitme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to grow? | bizbitmege qoyabızmı?bitme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to grow? | sizbitmege qoyamısız?bitme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to grow? | alabitmege qoyamıdıla?bitme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to grow? |
| Let someone… (present) | menbitmege qoymaymamı?bitme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to grow? | senbitmege qoymaymısa?bitme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to grow? | olbitmege qoymaymıdı?bitme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to grow? | bizbitmege qoymaybızmı?bitme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to grow? | sizbitmege qoymaymısız?bitme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to grow? | alabitmege qoymaymıdıla?bitme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to grow? |
| Let someone… (past) | menbitmege qoydumbitme qoydumI allowed someone to grow | senbitmege qoyduŋbitme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to grow | olbitmege qoydubitme qoyduhe allowed someone to grow | bizbitmege qoyduqbitme qoyduqwe allowed someone to grow | sizbitmege qoyduğuzbitme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to grow | alabitmege qoydulabitme qoydulathey allowed someone to grow |
| Let someone… (past) | menbitmege qoymadımbitme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to grow | senbitmege qoymadıŋbitme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to grow | olbitmege qoymadıbitme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to grow | bizbitmege qoymadıqbitme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to grow | sizbitmege qoymadığızbitme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to grow | alabitmege qoymadılabitme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to grow |
| Let someone… (past) | menbitmege qoydummu?bitme qoydummu?did I allow someone to grow? | senbitmege qoyduŋmu?bitme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to grow? | olbitmege qoydumu?bitme qoydumu?did he allow someone to grow? | bizbitmege qoyduqmu?bitme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to grow? | sizbitmege qoyduğuzmu?bitme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to grow? | alabitmege qoydulamı?bitme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to grow? |
| Let someone… (past) | menbitmege qoymadımmı?bitme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to grow? | senbitmege qoymadıŋmı?bitme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to grow? | olbitmege qoymadımı?bitme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to grow? | bizbitmege qoymadıqmı?bitme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to grow? | sizbitmege qoymadığızmı?bitme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to grow? | alabitmege qoymadılamı?bitme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to grow? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menbitalamaI can grow | senbitalasayou can grow | olbitaladıhe can grow | bizbitalabızwe can grow | sizbitalasızyou all can grow | alabitaladılathey can grow |
| Ability — present | menbitalmaymaI can't grow | senbitalmaysayou can't grow | olbitalmaydıhe can't grow | bizbitalmaybızwe can't grow | sizbitalmaysızyou all can't grow | alabitalmaydılathey can't grow |
| Ability — present | menbitalamamı? bitalamıma?can I grow? | senbitalamısa?can you grow? | olbitalamıdı?can he grow? | bizbitalabızmı? bitalamıbız?can we grow? | sizbitalamısız?can you all grow? | alabitalamıdıla?can they grow? |
| Ability — present | menbitalmaymamı? bitalmaymıma?can't I grow? | senbitalmaymısa?can't you grow? | olbitalmaymıdı?can't he grow? | bizbitalmaybızmı? bitalmaymıbız?can't we grow? | sizbitalmaymısız?can't you all grow? | alabitalmaymıdıla?can't they grow? |
| Ability — if I can… | menbitalsamif I can grow | senbitalsaŋif you can grow | olbitalsaif he can grow | bizbitalsaqif we can grow | sizbitalsağızif you all can grow | alabitalsalaif they can grow |
| Ability — if I can… | menbitalmasamif I can't grow | senbitalmasaŋif you can't grow | olbitalmasaif he can't grow | bizbitalmasaqif we can't grow | sizbitalmasağızif you all can't grow | alabitalmasalaif they can't grow |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menbitaldımI was able to grow | senbitaldıŋyou were able to grow | olbitaldıhe was able to grow | bizbitaldıqwe were able to grow | sizbitaldığızyou all were able to grow | alabitaldılathey were able to grow |
| Ability — simple past | menbitalmadımI could not grow | senbitalmadıŋyou could not grow | olbitalmadıhe could not grow | bizbitalmadıqwe could not grow | sizbitalmadığızyou all could not grow | alabitalmadılathey could not grow |
| Ability — simple past | menbitaldımmı?was I able to grow? | senbitaldıŋmı?were you able to grow? | olbitaldımı?was he able to grow? | bizbitaldıqmı?were we able to grow? | sizbitaldığızmı?were you all able to grow? | alabitaldılamı?were they able to grow? |
| Ability — simple past | menbitalmadımmı?couldn't I grow? | senbitalmadıŋmı?couldn't you grow? | olbitalmadımı?couldn't he grow? | bizbitalmadıqmı?couldn't we grow? | sizbitalmadığızmı?couldn't you all grow? | alabitalmadılamı?couldn't they grow? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbitalğanmaI have been able to grow | senbitalğansayou have been able to grow | olbitalğandıhe has been able to grow | bizbitalğanbızwe have been able to grow | sizbitalğansızyou all have been able to grow | alabitalğandılathey have been able to grow |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbitalmağanmaI haven't been able to grow | senbitalmağansayou haven't been able to grow | olbitalmağandıhe hasn't been able to grow | bizbitalmağanbızwe haven't been able to grow | sizbitalmağansızyou all haven't been able to grow | alabitalmağandılathey haven't been able to grow |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbitalğanmamı? bitalğanmıma?have I been able to grow? | senbitalğanmısa?have you been able to grow? | olbitalğanmıdı?has he been able to grow? | bizbitalğanbızmı? bitalğanmıbız?have we been able to grow? | sizbitalğanmısız?have you all been able to grow? | alabitalğanmıdıla?have they been able to grow? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbitalmağanmamı? bitalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to grow? | senbitalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to grow? | olbitalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to grow? | bizbitalmağanbızmı? bitalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to grow? | sizbitalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to grow? | alabitalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to grow? |
| Ability — past perfect | menbitalğan edimbitalğanemI had been able to grow | senbitalğan ediŋbitalğaneŋyou had been able to grow | olbitalğan edibitalğanedhe had been able to grow | bizbitalğan edikbitalğanekwe had been able to grow | sizbitalğan edigizbitalğanegizyou all had been able to grow | alabitalğan edilebitalğanellethey had been able to grow |
| Ability — past perfect | menbitalmağan edimbitalmağanemI hadn't been able to grow | senbitalmağan ediŋbitalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to grow | olbitalmağan edibitalmağanedhe hadn't been able to grow | bizbitalmağan edikbitalmağanekwe hadn't been able to grow | sizbitalmağan edigizbitalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to grow | alabitalmağan edilebitalmağanellethey hadn't been able to grow |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menbitala edimbitalaemI could grow | senbitala ediŋbitalaeŋyou could grow | olbitala edibitalaedhe could grow | bizbitala edikbitalaekwe could grow | sizbitala edigizbitalaegizyou all could grow | alabitala edilebitalaellethey could grow |
| Ability — past background | menbitalmay edimbitalmayemI could not grow | senbitalmay ediŋbitalmayeŋyou could not grow | olbitalmay edibitalmayedhe could not grow | bizbitalmay edikbitalmayekwe could not grow | sizbitalmay edigizbitalmayegizyou all could not grow | alabitalmay edilebitalmayellethey could not grow |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menbitalırmaI will be able to grow | senbitalırsayou will be able to grow | olbitalırhe will be able to grow | bizbitalırbızwe will be able to grow | sizbitalırsızyou all will be able to grow | alabitalırlathey will be able to grow |
| Ability — future I | menbitalmazmaI won't be able to grow | senbitalmazsayou won't be able to grow | olbitalmazhe won't be able to grow | bizbitalmazbızwe won't be able to grow | sizbitalmazsızyou all won't be able to grow | alabitalmazlathey won't be able to grow |
| Ability — future I | menbitalırmamı? bitalırmıma?will I be able to grow? | senbitalırmısa?will you be able to grow? | olbitalırmı?will he be able to grow? | bizbitalırbızmı? bitalırmıbız?will we be able to grow? | sizbitalırmısız?will you all be able to grow? | alabitalırlamı? bitalırmıla?will they be able to grow? |
| Ability — future I | menbitalmazmamı? bitalmazmıma?won't I be able to grow? | senbitalmazmısa?won't you be able to grow? | olbitalmazmı?won't he be able to grow? | bizbitalmazbızmı? bitalmazmıbız?won't we be able to grow? | sizbitalmazmısız?won't you all be able to grow? | alabitalmazlamı? bitalmazmıla?won't they be able to grow? |
| Ability — future II | menbitallıqmaI am going to be able to grow | senbitallıqsayou are going to be able to grow | olbitallıqdıhe is going to be able to grow | bizbitallıqbızwe are going to be able to grow | sizbitallıqsızyou all are going to be able to grow | alabitallıqdılathey are going to be able to grow |
| Ability — future II | menbitallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to grow | senbitallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to grow | olbitallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to grow | bizbitallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to grow | sizbitallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to grow | alabitallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to grow |
| Ability — future II | menbitallıqmamı? bitallıqmıma?am I going to be able to grow? | senbitallıqmısa?are you going to be able to grow? | olbitallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to grow? | bizbitallıqbızmı? bitallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to grow? | sizbitallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to grow? | alabitallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to grow? |
| Ability — future II | menbitallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to grow? | senbitallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to grow? | olbitallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to grow? | bizbitallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to grow? | sizbitallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to grow? | alabitallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to grow? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menbitalır edimbitalır emI would be able to grow | senbitalır ediŋbitalır eŋyou would be able to grow | olbitalır edibitalır edhe would be able to grow | bizbitalır edikbitalır ekwe would be able to grow | sizbitalır edigizbitalır egizyou all would be able to grow | alabitalır edilebitalır ellethey would be able to grow |
| Ability — would be able to… | menbitalmaz edimbitalmaz emI wouldn't be able to grow | senbitalmaz ediŋbitalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to grow | olbitalmaz edibitalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to grow | bizbitalmaz edikbitalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to grow | sizbitalmaz edigizbitalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to grow | alabitalmaz edilebitalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to grow |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senbitalğınbitalğımay you be able to grow | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senbitalmağınbitalmağımay you not be able to grow | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menbiterge izleymeI want to grow | senbiterge izleyseyou want to grow | olbiterge izleydihe wants to grow | bizbiterge izleybizwe want to grow | sizbiterge izleysizyou all want to grow | alabiterge izleydilethey want to grow |
| want to | menbiterge izlemeymeI do not want to grow | senbiterge izlemeyseyou do not want to grow | olbiterge izlemeydihe does not want to grow | bizbiterge izlemeybizwe do not want to grow | sizbiterge izlemeysizyou all do not want to grow | alabiterge izlemeydilethey do not want to grow |
| would like to | menbiterge süemeI would like to grow | senbiterge süeseyou would like to grow | olbiterge süedihe would like to grow | bizbiterge süebizwe would like to grow | sizbiterge süesizyou all would like to grow | alabiterge süedilethey would like to grow |
| would like to | menbiterge süymeymeI would not like to grow | senbiterge süymeyseyou would not like to grow | olbiterge süymeydihe would not like to grow | bizbiterge süymeybizwe would not like to grow | sizbiterge süymeysizyou all would not like to grow | alabiterge süymeydilethey would not like to grow |
| hope to | menbiterge umutlanamaI hope to grow | senbiterge umutlanasayou hope to grow | olbiterge umutlanadıhe hopes to grow | bizbiterge umutlanabızwe hope to grow | sizbiterge umutlanasızyou all hope to grow | alabiterge umutlanadılathey hope to grow |
| hope to | menbiterge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to grow | senbiterge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to grow | olbiterge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to grow | bizbiterge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to grow | sizbiterge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to grow | alabiterge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to grow |
| be about to | menbiterge deb turamaI am about to grow | senbiterge deb turasayou are about to grow | olbiterge deb turadıhe is about to grow | bizbiterge deb turabızwe are about to grow | sizbiterge deb turasızyou all are about to grow | alabiterge deb turadılathey are about to grow |
| be about to | menbiterge deb turmaymaI am not about to grow | senbiterge deb turmaysayou are not about to grow | olbiterge deb turmaydıhe is not about to grow | bizbiterge deb turmaybızwe are not about to grow | sizbiterge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to grow | alabiterge deb turmaydılathey are not about to grow |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menbiterge kerekmeI need to grow | senbiterge kerekseyou need to grow | olbiterge kerekdihe needs to grow | bizbiterge kerekbizwe need to grow | sizbiterge kereksizyou all need to grow | alabiterge kerekdilethey need to grow |
| need to | menbiterge kerek tülmeI do not need to grow | senbiterge kerek tülseyou do not need to grow | olbiterge kerek tüldühe does not need to grow | bizbiterge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to grow | sizbiterge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to grow | alabiterge kerek tüldülethey do not need to grow |
| have to | menmenŋe biterge tüşediI have to grow | sensenŋe biterge tüşediyou have to grow | olaŋa biterge tüşedihe has to grow | bizbizge biterge tüşediwe have to grow | sizsizge biterge tüşediyou all have to grow | alaalağa biterge tüşedithey have to grow |
| have to | menmenŋe biterge tüşmeydiI do not have to grow | sensenŋe biterge tüşmeydiyou do not have to grow | olaŋa biterge tüşmeydihe does not have to grow | bizbizge biterge tüşmeydiwe do not have to grow | sizsizge biterge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to grow | alaalağa biterge tüşmeydithey do not have to grow |
| be obliged to | menbiterge borçlumaI am obliged to grow | senbiterge borçlusayou are obliged to grow | olbiterge borçluduhe is obliged to grow | bizbiterge borçlubuzwe are obliged to grow | sizbiterge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to grow | alabiterge borçludulathey are obliged to grow |
| be obliged to | menbiterge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to grow | senbiterge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to grow | olbiterge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to grow | bizbiterge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to grow | sizbiterge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to grow | alabiterge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to grow |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menbiterge madarım bardıI have a way to grow | senbiterge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to grow | olbiterge madarı bardıhe has a way to grow | bizbiterge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to grow | sizbiterge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to grow | alabiterge madarları bardıthey have a way to grow |
| have a way to | menbiterge madarım joqduI have no way to grow | senbiterge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to grow | olbiterge madarı joqduhe has no way to grow | bizbiterge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to grow | sizbiterge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to grow | alabiterge madarları joqduthey have no way to grow |
| be free to | menbiterge erkinligim bardıI am free to grow | senbiterge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to grow | olbiterge erkinligi bardıhe is free to grow | bizbiterge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to grow | sizbiterge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to grow | alabiterge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to grow |
| be free to | menbiterge erkinligim joqduI am not free to grow | senbiterge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to grow | olbiterge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to grow | bizbiterge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to grow | sizbiterge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to grow | alabiterge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to grow |
| be possible to | menmenŋe biterge bolluqduit is possible for me to grow | sensenŋe biterge bolluqduit is possible for you to grow | olaŋa biterge bolluqduit is possible for him to grow | bizbizge biterge bolluqduit is possible for us to grow | sizsizge biterge bolluqduit is possible for you all to grow | alaalağa biterge bolluqduit is possible for them to grow |
| be possible to | menmenŋe biterge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to grow | sensenŋe biterge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to grow | olaŋa biterge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to grow | bizbizge biterge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to grow | sizsizge biterge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to grow | alaalağa biterge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to grow |
| be ready to | menbiterge hazırmaI am ready to grow | senbiterge hazırsayou are ready to grow | olbiterge hazırdıhe is ready to grow | bizbiterge hazırbızwe are ready to grow | sizbiterge hazırsızyou all are ready to grow | alabiterge hazırdılathey are ready to grow |
| be ready to | menbiterge hazır tülmeI am not ready to grow | senbiterge hazır tülseyou are not ready to grow | olbiterge hazır tüldühe is not ready to grow | bizbiterge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to grow | sizbiterge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to grow | alabiterge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to grow |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menbiterge küreşemeI am trying to grow | senbiterge küreşeseyou are trying to grow | olbiterge küreşedihe is trying to grow | bizbiterge küreşebizwe are trying to grow | sizbiterge küreşesizyou all are trying to grow | alabiterge küreşedilethey are trying to grow |
| try to | menbiterge küreşmeymeI am not trying to grow | senbiterge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to grow | olbiterge küreşmeydihe is not trying to grow | bizbiterge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to grow | sizbiterge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to grow | alabiterge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to grow |
| agree to | menbiterge unaymaI agree to grow | senbiterge unaysayou agree to grow | olbiterge unaydıhe agrees to grow | bizbiterge unaybızwe agree to grow | sizbiterge unaysızyou all agree to grow | alabiterge unaydılathey agree to grow |
| agree to | menbiterge unamaymaI refuse to grow | senbiterge unamaysayou refuse to grow | olbiterge unamaydıhe refuses to grow | bizbiterge unamaybızwe refuse to grow | sizbiterge unamaysızyou all refuse to grow | alabiterge unamaydılathey refuse to grow |
| hurry to | menbiterge aşığamaI am in a hurry to grow | senbiterge aşığasayou are in a hurry to grow | olbiterge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to grow | bizbiterge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to grow | sizbiterge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to grow | alabiterge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to grow |
| hurry to | menbiterge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to grow | senbiterge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to grow | olbiterge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to grow | bizbiterge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to grow | sizbiterge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to grow | alabiterge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to grow |
| be afraid to | menbiterge qorqamaI am afraid to grow | senbiterge qorqasayou are afraid to grow | olbiterge qorqadıhe is afraid to grow | bizbiterge qorqabızwe are afraid to grow | sizbiterge qorqasızyou all are afraid to grow | alabiterge qorqadılathey are afraid to grow |
| be afraid to | menbiterge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to grow | senbiterge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to grow | olbiterge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to grow | bizbiterge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to grow | sizbiterge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to grow | alabiterge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to grow |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menbite bolmazmaI can't be growing | senbite bolmazsayou can't be growing | olbite bolmazhe can't be growing | bizbite bolmazbızwe can't be growing | sizbite bolmazsızyou all can't be growing | alabite bolmazlathey can't be growing |
| Inference, present — double negation | menbitmey bolmazmaI must be growing (emphatic) | senbitmey bolmazsayou must be growing (emphatic) | olbitmey bolmazhe must be growing (emphatic) | bizbitmey bolmazbızwe must be growing (emphatic) | sizbitmey bolmazsızyou all must be growing (emphatic) | alabitmey bolmazlathey must be growing (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menbite turmasamif I don't keep growing | senbite turmasaŋif you don't keep growing | olbite turmasaif he doesn't keep growing | bizbite turmasaqif we don't keep growing | sizbite turmasağızif you all don't keep growing | alabite turmasalaif they don't keep growing |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menbite tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of growing | senbite tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of growing | olbite tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of growing | bizbite tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of growing | sizbite tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of growing | alabite tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of growing |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menbitmey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not growing (emphatic) | senbitmey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not growing (emphatic) | olbitmey tura bolmazhe must keep on not growing (emphatic) | bizbitmey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not growing (emphatic) | sizbitmey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not growing (emphatic) | alabitmey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not growing (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menbitmey turamaI keep on not growing | senbitmey turasayou keep on not growing | olbitmey turadıhe keeps on not growing | bizbitmey turabızwe keep on not growing | sizbitmey turasızyou all keep on not growing | alabitmey turadılathey keep on not growing |
| Progressive — double negation | menbitmey turmaymaI am not keeping on not growing | senbitmey turmaysayou are not keeping on not growing | olbitmey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not growing | bizbitmey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not growing | sizbitmey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not growing | alabitmey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not growing |
| Progressive — double negation | menbitmey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not growing? | senbitmey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not growing? | olbitmey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not growing? | bizbitmey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not growing? | sizbitmey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not growing? | alabitmey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not growing? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menbitgen bolmazmaI can't have grown | senbitgen bolmazsayou can't have grown | olbitgen bolmazhe can't have grown | bizbitgen bolmazbızwe can't have grown | sizbitgen bolmazsızyou all can't have grown | alabitgen bolmazlathey can't have grown |
| Inference — double negation | menbitmegen bolmazmaI must have grown (emphatic) | senbitmegen bolmazsayou must have grown (emphatic) | olbitmegen bolmazhe must have grown (emphatic) | bizbitmegen bolmazbızwe must have grown (emphatic) | sizbitmegen bolmazsızyou all must have grown (emphatic) | alabitmegen bolmazlathey must have grown (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menbitgen bolmasamif it weren't that I had grown | senbitgen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had grown | olbitgen bolmasaif it weren't that he had grown | bizbitgen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had grown | sizbitgen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had grown | alabitgen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had grown |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menbitmegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't grown | senbitmegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't grown | olbitmegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't grown | bizbitmegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't grown | sizbitmegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't grown | alabitmegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't grown |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menbiterik bolmazmaI can't be going to grow | senbiterik bolmazsayou can't be going to grow | olbiterik bolmazhe can't be going to grow | bizbiterik bolmazbızwe can't be going to grow | sizbiterik bolmazsızyou all can't be going to grow | alabiterik bolmazlathey can't be going to grow |
| Inference, future — double negation | menbitmezlik bolmazmaI must be going to grow (emphatic) | senbitmezlik bolmazsayou must be going to grow (emphatic) | olbitmezlik bolmazhe must be going to grow (emphatic) | bizbitmezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to grow (emphatic) | sizbitmezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to grow (emphatic) | alabitmezlik bolmazlathey must be going to grow (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menbiterik bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to grow | senbiterik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to grow | olbiterik bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to grow | bizbiterik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to grow | sizbiterik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to grow | alabiterik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to grow |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menbitmezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to grow | senbitmezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to grow | olbitmezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to grow | bizbitmezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to grow | sizbitmezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to grow | alabitmezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to grow |